有机物官能团和取代基英文名1

有机物官能团和取代基英文名
原名作取代基作官能团
烷烃：hydrocarbon alkyl
烯烃：alkenes alkenyl
炔烃：alkynes alkynyl
卤代烃：alkyl halides
氟：fluorine fluoro
氯：chlorine chloro
溴：bromine bromo
碘：iodine iodo
酚：pehnols hydroxyl -ol
醇：alcohols hydroxy -ol
醚：ethers R-oxy -ether
胺：amines amino -amine
醛：aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde 酮：ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one
羟酸：carboxylic acid carboxy carboxylic acid
酰卤：actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide
酸酐：acidanhydrides
酯：esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate
腈：nitriles cyano -carboxamide
酰胺：amides carbamoyl -carboxamide
硝基：nitro
有机物主链英文名
烷烯炔
甲：methane methene methyne
乙：ethane ethane ethyne
丙：propane propene propyne
丁：butane butane butyne
戊：pentane pentene pentyne
己：hexane hexene hexyne
庚：heptane heptene heptyne
辛：octane octene octyne
壬：nonane nonene nonyne
癸：decane decene decyne
作取代基时：词尾改为-yl.
芳香烃英文名
苯：benzene
连苯：biphenyl
萘：naphthalene
联萘：binaphthalene
蒽：anthrancene
菲：phenanthrene
芘：pyrene
甲苯：toluene
二甲苯：邻：O-xylene
间：m-xylene
对：p-xylene
苯乙烯：styrene
苯胺：aniline
苯酚：phenol
苯甲醛：benzaldehyde
苯磺酸：benzene sulfonic acid 苯甲酸：benzoic acid
杂环芳香烃命名
吡咯：pyrrole
呋喃：furan
噻吩：thiophene
吡唑：pyrazole
咪唑：midazole
噁唑：oxazole
吡啶：pyridine
哒嗪：pyrimidine
吡嗪：pyrazine
吡喃：pyran
吲哚：indole
喹啉：quinoline。