辽宁省高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练5-人教版高三全册英语试题

阅读理解训练〔5〕
阅读如下四篇短文，从每一小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最优选项。

Rivers may be a significant source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (一氧化二氮), scientists now find.
Their calculation suggests that across the globe the waterways contribute three times the amount of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere as had been estimated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations scientific body charged with reviewing climate change research. They found that the amount of nitrous oxide produced in streams is related to human activities that release nitrogen (氮) into the environment, such as fertilizer use and sewage discharges.
“Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion and intensive agriculture, have increased the availability of nitrogen in the environment,〞 said Jake Beaulieu of the University of Notre Dame and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio, and lead author of the paper published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“Much of this nitr ogen is transported into river and stream networks,〞 Beaulieu said. There, microbes (微生物) convert the nitrogen into nitrous oxide (also called laughing gas) and an inert gas called dinitrogen (二氮).
The finding is important, the researchers say, because nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and destruction of the stratosphere’s ozone layer, which protects us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation. Compared with carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide is 300-fold more powerful in terms of its warming potential, though carbon dioxide is a far more common greenhouse gas. Scientists estimate nitrous oxide accounts for about 6 percent of human-induced climate change.
Beaulieu and colleagues measured nitrous oxide production rates in 72 streams. When summed across the globe, the results showed rivers and streams are the source of at least 10 percent of human-caused nitrous oxide emissions to the atmosphere. “Changes in agricultural and land-use practices that result in less nitrogen being delivered to streams would reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks,〞Beaulieu said.
1. From the second paragraph we can learn.
A. actually rivers give off much more nitrous oxide than expected
B. scientists’ calculation is tot ally wrong
C. human activities release nitrous oxide in to the rivers
D. there is no nitrogen in fertilizer
2. Which of the following is NOT the source of nitrogen?
A. Fertilizer use.
B. Sewage discharges.
C. Fossil fuel combustion.
D. Climate change.
3. Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas because.
A. it can protect us from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation
B. it is to blame for most of human-induced climate change
C. it is a far more common greenhouse gas
D. it has much more warming potential than carbon dioxide
4. What does the passage mainly tells us?
A. Rivers may be a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide.
B. It’s human activities that release nitrogen into the environment.
C. How to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from river networks
D What to do with the climate change caused by nitrous oxide.
【参考答案】1—4、ADDA
A
When I was 11, I threw a glance into Dad’s lunch box and made the unexpected discovery that my mother still showed her love towards my father. The evidence, a napkin resting on top of the sandwiches packed in wax paper, was certain “Love you!〞 she had written on the napkin. “ Meat loaf for supper!〞
Mom penned all kinds of messages to Dad on those paper napkins, and he saved a whole pile of them. What embarrassed me as a kid has become a precious memory of my parents. It also started my own brand of lunch box notes. When my kids were young, I’d glue little drawings on their lunches. Lots of sketches(素描) of our dog, Max, along with smiling flowers. When they were teenag ers, I’d copy words of wisdom from great people, Einstein, for example, or Bruce Springsteen. Then, my kids grew up making their own handwritten notes. And my husband writes me love notes on recycled paper, because he’s all about being green.
Friends who know about my lunch box notes eagerly share stories of their own family traditions. So many focus on food. Maura’s mom always drew hearts on the shells of hard-boiled eggs. Melinda wrote messages on her kids’ bananas.
We’re into the third generation of lunc h box notes in our home. Whenever my 3-year-old grandson, Clayton, spends the night, he knows his lunch is going to have a napkin note from Grandma in the morning. Last week, I drew a picture of me, waving widely and shouting his name. He took one look at it and screamed, “ Where’s Grandpa?〞 I added a man in a clean shirt. “ You forgot his tie,〞 he said. I quickly drew a line of stripes(条纹) down the front of the shirt. Clayton smiled. “Grandpa,〞 he whispered, running his fingers across the napkin. “It’s you!〞
21. When the author first saw Dad’s lunch box notes, she felt ______.
A. moved
B. awkward
C. proud
D. nervous
22. What did the author put in the lunch boxes when her kids were in their teens?
A. Words of love.
B. Pictures of flowers.
C. Drawings of their favorite animals.
D. Famous words of wisdom
23. It can be inferred that ________.
A. the author’s grandson likes drawing pictures on napkins.
B. the author’s children dislike making lunch box notes.
C. the author’s hu sband is an environmentalist.
D. the author’s friends all had their brand of lunch box notes.
24. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Old generation’s way of expressing love.
B. Different brands of lunch box notes.
C. Lunches packed with love.
D. Some interesting family traditions.
参考答案21-24: BDCC
B
Living near the beach may come with an extra perk (利益): better health. A new study analyzed information from more than 48 million people in England and found that the nearer they lived to the coast, the more likely people were to report good health within the past year.
Living near the coast may be associated with better health because the seaside environment reduces stress, the researchers said. They pointed to another British study that found that people who took trips to the coast experienced more feelings of calmness and relaxation than those who visited urban parks or the countryside. The difference from living near the coast was relatively small. But a small effect, when applied to an entire population, can have a substantial impact on public health, said study researcher Ben Wheeler of Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry in Exeter, England.
However, it’s too soon to advise people to hit the beach to improve health, Wheeler said. The study only found an association, not a cause-effect link, and it’s possible that other factors could explain the results. For instance, it could be that people who are wealthier, and therefore healthier, are more able to move to desired locations
such as the coast, Wheeler said, a phenomenon known as the migrant effect. But the study did find that the association between coastal living and better health was strongest for those living in the poorest areas, which perhaps indicates that wealth cannot explain the results, Wheeler said.
Because the study looked at only England—an island country in which everyone lives within 72 miles of the coast—it’s not clear whether the findings would apply to other populations. Far from England, a health expert not involved in the study said that while the British research certainly doesn’t prove that people’s health and the place they live are linked, it’s possible that proximity to the seas does something for our bodies.
If future studies confirm the results, the next step would be to find out it is what coastal environments that can benefit health. Wheeler said it may then be possible to bring those benefits to people living in other areas, through virtual environments, for instance.
25. We can conclude from the passage that ______.
A. people are encouraged to move to the coast
B. people living near the sea may be healthier.
C. people pay increasingly attention to health
D. people are worried about residential environment
26. According to the researchers, living near the sea ______.
A. doesn’t nearly affect the British population
B. can cure some difficult diseases in a way
C. can help get over one’s stress
D. means freeing from sadness or troubles
27. What Ben Wheeler said means ______.
A. the British public health is decreasing
B. concrete evidence favors life near the sea
C. wealthier people are likely to be healthier
D. exact reasons are proposed for further research
28. What does the underlined word “proximity〞 in the passage mean?
A. being close
B. being distant
C. being similar
D. being opposite
参考答案25-28: BCDA
C
As we know, Julian Beever is an international well-known sidewalk chalk artist whose drawings have appeared on the streets of London, Buenos Aires, Paris, New York, and countless other cities around the world. Beever creates drawings that look completely three- dimensional when seen from the correct angle.
Now, in his book, Pavement chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever, the artist shares some of his most fascinating and humorous pieces, Here are a few examples you’ll find in the book.
●Philadelphia eagle
In Pennsylvania, Beever created “Philadelphia
eagle 〞a huge drawing with an eagle landing
successfully on an American national flag.
●Meeting Mr. Frog
“Meeting Mr. Frog〞 was created in Salamanca, Spain, and is about
a realistic-looking frog sitting on a Lily pad.
●Swimming pool in the high street
My personal favorite is “Swimming pool in
the high street〞 from Brussels, which is about
a woman relaxing in a swimming pool-----a swimming
pool sunk into the middle of the street, that is!
Along with an introduction about his background, Beever includes a
description of the techniques he used and the challenges he overcame with every drawing. He shares information about his time at home in the UK. and abroad; there is a fun story to back up each piece of art.
Beever’s artwork is truly jaw drooping. You’re sure to spend ages turning the leaves back and forth, surprised at how one man can create what looks like a three-dimensional design on a flat surface with just a bit of chalk. From animals to superheroes to famous buildings, the paintings are a wonder to lay eyes on.
＊Payment chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever is surely worth a look. And another look. This 112-page hardcover book is available now from Firefly Books at a list price of $ 29.95
29.What do we know about the book mentioned in the text?
A. It has a paper cover.
B. It hasn’t been published.
C. It includes some drawing techniques.
D. It’s a biography of Julian Beever.
30. What does the underlined part “ jaw dropping〞 most probably mean?
A. Romantic.
B. Amazing.
C. Frightening
D. Depressing.
31. We can infer that the text is ______.
A. a book review.
B. a description of street art.
C. an advertisement for a new book.
D. an introduction to an artist.
参考答案29-31:CBC
D
People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without r ealizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if t hey know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook —you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things — your city, your photo, your friends' names—were set,
by default (默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience〞.
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator(议员) Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the se nator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,〞 Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating(撤销) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people
I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.
32. What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?
A. It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B. It makes money by putting on advertisements.
C. It provides loads of information to its users.
D. It profits by selling its users’ personal data.
33. Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?
A. To provide better service to its users.
B. To follow the Federal guidelines.
C. To improve its users’ connectivity.
D. To expand its scope of business.
34. What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?
A. Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.
B. Banning the sharing of users’ personal information.
C. Removing ads from all social-networking sites.
D. Formulating(制订) regulations for social-networking sites..
35. Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?
A. He is dissatisfied with its current service.
B. He doesn’t want his personal data abused.
C. He finds many of its users untrustworthy.
D. He is upset by its frequent rule changes.
参考答案32-35: DADB。