2020-2021高考英语专题复习 阅读理解(及答案) (2)

2020-2021高考英语专题复习阅读理解(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
I took a journey to New York, US several months ago. It was the first time I had been abroad. It was also the first time I had taken a trip by myself. I had great enthusiasm and high hopes, and I wasn't let down.
It's hard to describe how I felt when I arrived at the airport in New York. Looking at people of different races and nationalities passing by and hearing different languages all around me, I couldn't say anything for a long time. I had never understood the cultural diversity of the US so clearly and closely before.
The following days were even more impressive. We integrated(融入)into the forest of concrete and cement(混凝土和水泥). We waved to the Statue of Liberty; we looked down at the busy island of Manhattan; we looked at well-known universities—Harvard of ancient Egypt.
Then we visited some well-known university—Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Columbia—each with its own appealing and time-honored history. But what all these universities have in common is their peaceful academic atmospheres witch you could feel everywhere. I was impressed by the libraries, decorated just like cathedrals(教堂), and the laboratories just next to the classroom. My dream is to return to those places as an international student.
Finally came our destinations—the Model United Nations conference at the University of Chicago. Students from various countries arrived to act as United Nations delegations and share their opinions about global issues.
As a non-native speaker, I felt that competing against native speakers was a very tough task. But it was also a rare change to improve my English and I couldn't throw it away. With perseverance and devotion. I got used to talking to other delegations naturally. Although I didn't win any awards, the chairman praised me at the closing ceremony for my excellent performance. That made me feel really proud.
This trip brought me unforgettable and valuable experiences that will benefit me forever. （1）What is the main purpose of the author's going to America?
A. To see some places of interest.
B. To visit some well-known universities.
C. To attend a competition at a university.
D. To learn about the cultural diversity there.（2）How did the author feel when he/she saw the cultural diversity of the US?
A. Regretful.
B. Amazed.
C. Peaceful.
D. Confident.
（3）What is the author's wish in the future?
A. To work for the United Nations.
B. To tour more countries in the world.
C. To have a job in the United States.
D. To study in the famous universities in America.（4）Why did the author feel proud?
A. He won an award in the competition.
B. He was praised by the chairman.
C. He could persuade others to accept his opinions.
D. He could speak English well at the conference.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者去美国参加在一所大学里举行的比赛，对美国文化的多元化感到惊讶。

作者虽然没有获奖，但他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。

作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Finally came our d estinations—the Model United Nations conference at the University of Chicago. Students from various countries arrived to act as United Nations delegations and share their opinions about global issues.” 和倒数第一段中的“As a non-native speaker, I felt that competin g against native speakers was a very tough task. ”可知，作者来美国的目的是为了在一所大学参加比赛。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Looking at people of different races and nationalities passing by and hearing different languages all around me, I couldn't say anything for a long time. I ha d never understood the cultural diversity of the US so clearly and closely before. ”可知，作者看到美国文化的多元化时感到惊讶。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ My dream is to return to those places as an international student. ”可知，作者最大的愿望是在美国大学里学习。

故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Although I di dn't win any awards, the chairman praised me at the closing ceremony for my excellent performance. That made me feel really proud.” 可知，他被主席表扬因而感到自豪。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website , join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.
National Geographic Society (NGS)
National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they've been around since 1888, focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website ，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.
National Wildlife Federation (NWF)
Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs.
In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.
Ecology Fund, com
Set up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.
（1）Which environmental organization has the longest history?
A. Ecology .
B. World Wildlife Fund.
C. National Geographic Society.
D. National Wildlife Federation.
（2）What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?
A. Knowledge.
B. Management.
C. Money.
D. Patience.
（3）In what way does differ from the other three organizations?
A. The size of networks.
B. The way of operation.
C. The strength of influence.
D. The degree of popularity.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。

（1）考查细节理解。

纵观全文可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就开始存在，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保护我们所生活的这个世界。

可知，NWF 认为知识在环保中是最重要的。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据 Ecology Fund, com部分中的“The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.”可知，是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，他们只需要点击即可，而其它三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。

可知，与其它3个环保组织的运营方式不同。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Triple Olympic and world sprint(短跑) champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American
football.
Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals(诽谤).
"I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it," Bolt said.
Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman Asafa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.
"We just (have to) continue to run fast," Bolt said. "In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts."
Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.
"I want to be a legend in the sport. For me it's all a focus on winning championships after championships," Bolt said.
"I don't consider myself a legend. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend."
Bolt's defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.
（1）Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football?
A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics.
B. Because he wants to show his fast feats.
C. Because he is doubted by some people.
D. Because he runs fastest in the world.
（2）How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?
A. three times.
B. four times.
C. five times.
D. eight times.（3）What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts.
B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics.
C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month.
D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport.
（4）The passage can be read ___________.
A. on TV
B. on the Internet
C. in a book
D. in a newspaper.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Triple O lympic and world sprint（短跑）champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.”本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的
疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划）可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last year's Beijing Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.”在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以100米9.58秒和200米19.19秒的成绩打破了世界纪录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王，可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破了3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。

故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“Appearing on ESPN programs and in light-hearted races outside the television sport network's studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）.”博尔特出现在ESPN的节目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂丑闻之后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己，及下文博尔特所说的话可知，本文介绍了尤塞恩·博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Triple Olympic and world sprint（短跑）champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics an d has no plans to play American football.”本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划，可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.
Cumberland Islands, Georgia
Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a wonderful picnic place. It's an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.
Grant Park, Chicago
If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.
Cranberry Islands, Maine
Here, you'll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands
about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it's a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.
Big Sur, California
The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.
（1）Why does the writer advise us to go to Cumberland Islands?
A. Because they are just next to Savannah.
B. Because they have a grand show every night.
C. Because they are almost covered in Spanish moss.
D. Because they keep their original ecology (生态).
（2）Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?
A. At the Navy Pier.
B. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.
C. At Acadia National Park.
D. In the Deep South.
（3）Where can we most probably read this passage?
A. In a personal dairy.
B. In a science report.
C. In a geography textbook.
D. In a travel magazine.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个最佳野餐地点。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.”小路上爬满了西班牙苔藓，两旁种满了树。

由于这里仍然是一个乡村地区，所以星星们会在晚上排起队来参加盛大的表演，这是在夜晚星光照耀下野餐的绝佳机会。

可知作者建议我们去坎伯兰群岛，因为那里保持着原生态。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.”除沿海野生动物外，还有珍稀植物群落和独特的地质构造。

在那里野餐很好。

我们建议带上望远镜，因为很多野生动物只能在远处看到。

可知在the Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段“Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.”梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏日野餐?我们列出了全美4个最佳野餐地。

以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
A dog spent the last four years of his life waiting a crossroad in the Thai city of Khon Kaen as if waiting for someone. People originally thought the dog had been abandoned, but then realized that he looked healthy, so people asked around about him. It turned out that the dog had indeed been spending most of his time around that crossroad, but a woman had been coming -.round regularly to bring him food and water.
One day, while photographing the dog everyone called Leo, a reporter met the woman who had been taking care of him. She had come to drop off some food. After learning the story about the dog and the woman, the reporter decided to share the story on social media. The post soon went viral and the photos of Leo got shared hundreds of times. And the photos reached the eyes of Leo^ former old owner.
Nang Noi Sittisarn, a 64-year-old woman from Thailand's Roi Et Province, almost had a heart attack when her daughter showed her a photo of the beloved dog named BonBon she had lost during a car trip. When she learned that he had been waiting for her in the same spot for the last four years，her heart melted(融化).
Auntie Noi told her daughter to drive her to where the dog was waiting. When she got there and called his name. BonBon, the poor dog started wiggling(扭动)his tail and came to her，but when she tried to take him home with her, he was unwilling to follow. She didn't want to force the dog to come with her so she agreed to leave him with his new master. However, she and her daughter will come to visit him regularly.
（1）Why did the dog look healthy after separation from his former owner?
A.He walked around the crossroad constantly.
B.He was kept at a woman's home all the time.
C.A local reporter brought him food and water.
D.A woman looked after him on a regular basis.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "went viral" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Changed surprisingly.
B.Spread quickly.
C.Appeared gradually.
D.Fell directly.
（3）How did Nang Noi Sittisam feel about the dog's waiting for her?
A.Shocked.
B.Regretful.
C.Touched.
D.Proud
（4）What can we mainly learn from the story about the dog?
A.Unbelievable success is worth waiting for.
B.We should adjust ourselves to environments.
C.We need to learn to be faithful and thankful.
D.No one knows the result until the last minute.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。

NangNo Stiam四年前不小心丢了一条狗。

这条忠诚的狗在走丢的地方等了四年，四年期间他得到了一位好心女士的悉心照料，最后在记者的帮助下与主人重聚。

作为回报，他留下来陪伴这位女士。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段“… but then realized that he looked healthy， so some people asked around about him. It turned out that the dog had indeed been spending most of his time around that crossroad, but a woman had been coming around regularly to bring him food and water. ”可知，那条狗看起来健康是因为一位女士定期照料他。

故选D项。

（2）词义猜测题。

根据画线短语所在句的句意“那个帖子很快就, Leo的照片被分享了成百上千次。

”可推断，画线短语意为“迅速传播”，与Spread quickly意思最为接近。

故选B 项。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第三段“When she learned that he had been waiting for her in the same spot for the last four years，her heart melted(融化).”可推断，NangNoi Sittisarn得知她的狗一直在等待她，她深受感动。

故选C项。

（4）推理判断题。

这条狗能够等自己的主人四年，说明了他很忠诚;根据最后一段的叙述可知，这条狗找到主人后还要留下来陪伴自己的恩人，说明他知道感恩。

由此可推断，我们通过这条狗的故事应该学会忠诚与感恩。

故选C项。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和词义猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇记叙文，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
The term "smiling depression" —appearing happy to others while actually suffering depressive symptoms—has become increasingly popular. In fact, many people who experience a low mood and a loss of pleasure in activities manage to hide their condition in this way. And these people might be particularly easy to suicide.
While smiling depression is not a technical term that psychologists use，it is certain to be depressed and manage to successfully mask the symptoms. The closest technical term for this condition is "atypical depression: It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don't have a reason to be sad —they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner. They smile when you greet them and can carry pleasant conversations. In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.
People with smiling depression put on a happy face to the outside world, but they can experience a lift in their mood as a result of positive occurrences in their lives. Other symptoms of this condition include overeating, feeling a sense of heaviness in the arms and legs and being easily hurt by criticism or rejection. They are also more likely to feel depressed in the evening and
feel the need to sleep longer than usual. With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.
So how can they break this circle? A starting point needs to be known that this condition actually exists and that it's serious. Only when we stop ignoring our problems because we think they're not serious enough can we start making an actual difference. Then we can find purpose by taking the attention away from ourselves and placing it onto something else. Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning —and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.
（1）What do we know about people suffering smiling depression?
A. They are wearing masks all day.
B. They are difficult to get along with.
C. They lead an abnormal life actually.
D. Most of them commit suicide.
（2）What does the underlined word "atypical" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. representative
B. common
C. hidden
D. formal
（3）Compared with smiling depression, people suffering other depressions .
A.may feel sleepless
B.feel more depressed in the evening
C.are tired of heaviness in the arms
D.may eat more food
（4）What can we do to overcome smiling depression?
A.Never talk about smiling depression and ignore its existence.
B.Admit the condition and pay attention to ourselves.
C.Value the importance of our life and enjoy it.
D.Find out the problem and place it onto somebody else.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“微笑抑郁”这个名字的来历，相关的症状，以及克服这种抑郁症的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.”可知有这种症状的人总是表现出正常的一面，而事实上他们的内心很失落和绝望，有时甚至想要结束生命。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don't have a reason to be sad — they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner.”可知这种症状很难被发现，因为患者表面上过着正常的生活，故推测划线部分的意思事“难以发现的/隐藏的”。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.”可知有其它抑郁症状的人会在早上感觉情绪低落，和平时相比睡觉更少。

故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning —and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.”可知感觉我们的生活的重要性，这最终给了我们目标和意义ーー这对我们的心理健康和幸福感会产生重大影响。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测和两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.
There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow.
First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language.
The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.
So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100.
Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English.
So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.
（1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow?
A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live.
B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed.
C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos.
D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow.
（2）How does the writer explain the first problem?
A. By presenting figures.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By quoting sayings.
D. By adopting idioms.
（3）The example of the west Greenlandic word 'siku' shows that .
A. the making of words varies from language to language
B. the Inuit and Yupik languages have more words for snow
C. the richness of words and phrases leads to different ideas
D. more phrases about snow are found in the English language
（4）What conclusion can we safely draw from the last two paragraphs?
A. Eskimos better understand snow than other people.
B. Languages deeply influence people's ability to think.
C. There is no point counting Eskimo's expressions for snow.
D. What comes into our mind is limited by our language.
【答案】（1）B
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。

出现这一想象的原因是1. 爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。

2. 词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger.”可知，本身Benjamin Lee Whorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European …”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”We express all the sa me ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。

由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Huawei Technologies Co. displayed its much-anticipated in-house operating system Harmony OS on Friday, marking what some call the Chinese tech giant's biggest push yet to build its own software ecosystem for the era of the internet of things.
The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government's restrictions on Huawei using Google's Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said.
Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei's consumer business group, speaking in Dongguan, Guangdong province, said it is difficult to deliver a smooth experience across different devices with the huge amount of codes involved in the Android and Linux operating systems. Linux is an open-source operating system widely used in personal computers and other hardware.
"Harmony is a next-generation operating system designed to address the challenge," Yu said, adding that it will be able to support a wide range of application situations, including smart TVs, automobiles and wearables.
The internet of things refers to a network of devices and other objects that can connect with each other and exchange data.
Yu said the US government's restrictions have accelerated the company's marketing of the system, which now has about 4,000 employees working on it.
The senior executive said Harmony can be used in its smartphones. But Android is still Huawei's preferred choice for handsets if the company is allowed to use it.
"But when Android is not available, Harmony can be applied immediately to smartphones. Harmony is ready," Yu added.
Jia Mo, an analyst at market research company Canalys, said even if Huawei does not use Harmony in its smartphones in the short term, its smartwatches and smart TVs can be equipped with Harmony to widen its use and accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.
"Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be more accepted by current Android users. This will prevent Huawei from repeating the fate of Microsoft in promoting smartphone systems," Jia said. Microsoft failed to popularize the use of its Windows system in smartphones years ago.
（1）What is the significance of the Harmony OS?
A. It symbolizes Huawei has finished its own software ecosystem.
B. It may reduce the threat from US government's restrictions.
C. It will accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.
D. It successfully borrows from Microsoft's Windows system.
（2）Which of the following may take the place of the underlined word "compatible" in the last paragraph?
A. Used harmoniously.
B. Operated quickly.
C. Resisted fiercely.
D. Monitored closely.（3）Where may we find this article?
A. Fashion magazines.
B. TV interviews.
C. Historic documents.
D. News websites.。