北京市八一中学高考英语专题复习 阅读理解(附答案)

北京市八一中学高考英语专题复习阅读理解(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown. As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks. Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.
Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O'Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said "At the moment we don't know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted."
（1）Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents don't know a proper way to protect their babies' eyes
（2）Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies' eyes from summer sun
（3）From what Professor Daniel O'Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
（4）The underlined word "vulnerable" in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed
B. resistant
C. protective
D. changeable
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

故选C 。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的“The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmf ul rays of the sun.“可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的视学专家Daniel O'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。

故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.
World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website , join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.
National Geographic Society (NGS)
National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they've been around since 1888, focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website ，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.
National Wildlife Federation (NWF)
Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.
Ecology Fund, com
Set up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.
（1）Which environmental organization has the longest history?
A. Ecology .
B. World Wildlife Fund.
C. National Geographic Society.
D. National Wildlife Federation.
（2）What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?
A. Knowledge.
B. Management.
C. Money.
D. Patience.
（3）In what way does differ from the other three organizations?
A. The size of networks.
B. The way of operation.
C. The strength of influence.
D. The degree of popularity.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。

（1）考查细节理解。

纵观全文可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就开始存在，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 National Wildlife Federation (NWF)部分中的“In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助环境的最佳方式——你知道得越多，就越能保护我们所生活的这个世界。

可知，NWF 认为知识在环保中是最重要的。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据 Ecology Fund, com部分中的“The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.”可知，是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，他们只需要点击即可，而其它三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。

可知，与其它3个环保组织的运营方式不同。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Most of us have looked up at the stars that fill the night sky and wondered whether we're alone in the universe. Indeed, the question of whether there's life out there has been something humankind's been asking itself for countless years. But thanks to China's Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the answer to this question may come a lot sooner than we expected.
The telescope has a huge round reflector, which measures 500 meters across and has a
perimeter(周长)of 1.6 kilometers. Because of its great size, it would have been both difficult and inefficient to get FAST to move like a regular telescope. Instead, FAST's designers came up with a great solution: its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a great degree of accuracy. "Panels can change their positions through connected wires and parallel (关联的) robots. We can control their position with an accuracy of 1mm," Zheng Yuanpeng, chief engineer of the telescope's panel project, told Xinhua News Agency.
FAST's engineers also had the task of finding a suitable location. As any interference would affect its ability to detect distant radio waves, it needed to be built in a remote area. Luckily, the perfect spot was found in the beautiful mountains of Guizhou Province. "There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope," Sun Caihong, chief engineer of FAST's construction, told Xinhua.
And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017. Since 1967, only around 2000 pulsars (脉冲星) have been discovered, yet FAST had detected six more by October 2017. Once FAST is fully up and running, we may finally have the answer to one of the biggest questions in history.
（1）What is the purpose of mentioning the question in Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the new giant telescope.
B. To explain why there is life in universe.
C. To remind readers to think about the life in space.
D. To emphasize the question that should be answered.
（2）What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A. The telescope is made up of many panels.
B. The area of FAST is about 800 square kilometers.
C. The engineer can handle FAST's position accurately.
D. The individual panel helps scientists catch radio signals.
（3）Why was FAST built in Guizhou?
A. Because Guizhou is a remote province.
B. Because Guizhou has an ideal valley.
C. Because Guizhou has beautiful mountains.
D. Because Guizhou has the ability to build it.（4）What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. FAST's timeline.
B. FAST's future.
C. FAST's operation.
D. FAST's discoveries.【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国500米口径球面射电望远镜，它的设计原理、选址以及发展前景等多方面的信息。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段通过提出问题，再引出答案，在引出答案的同时引出了本文要介绍的我国500米口径球面射电望远镜。

所以第一段提出问题的目的是引出本文的介绍对象。

这也是说明文常见的写作手法。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“its surface is made up of 4450 panels which can be
individually adjusted. This clever design feature allows scientists to detect radio signals from any angle with a grea t degree of accuracy.“它的表面由4500片可独立调节的金属板组成。

这种聪明的设计可以让科学家从不同的角度精确的探测到无线电信号。

可推知，这些金属板能帮助科学家捕捉无线电信号。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“There are three hills about 500 meters away from one another, creating a valley that is perfect to support the telescope”这儿有三座间距500米左右的山，是安置望远镜的绝佳的山谷，可知，望远镜之所以安置在贵州，是因为贵州有一个很好的山谷。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中“And although it wasn't yet fully operated, FAST had already made great discoveries by October 2017.“虽然还没有完全运转起来，到2017年10月FAST已经有了重大发现。

可知，这一段讲述FAST的重大发现。

并且其后几句话也是来具体阐述FAST的重大发现的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
As we know, Julian Beever is an international well-known sidewalk chalk artist whose drawings have appeared on the streets of London, Buenos Aires, Paris, New York, and countless other cities around the world. Beever creates drawings that look completely three- dimensional when seen from the correct angle.
Now, in his book, Pavement chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever, the artist shares some of his most fascinating and humorous pieces, Here are a few examples you'll find in the book.
●Philadelphia eagle
In Pennsylvania, Beever created "Philadelphiaeagle" a huge drawing with an eagle landing successfully on an American national flag.
●Meeting Mr. Frog
"Meeting Mr. Frog" was created in Salamanca, Spain, and is about a realistic-looking frog sitting on a Lily pad.
Swimming pool in the high street
My personal favorite is "Swimming pool in the high street" from Brussels, which is about a woman relaxing in a swimming pool-----a swimming pool sunk into the middle of the street, that is!
Along with an introduction about his background, Beever includes a description of the techniques he used and the challenges he overcame with every drawing. He shares information about his time at home in the UK. and abroad; there is a fun story to back up each piece of art.
Beever's artwork is truly jaw dropping. You're sure to spend ages turning the leaves back and forth, surprised at how one man can create what looks like a three-dimensional design on a flat surface with just a bit of chalk. From animals to superheroes to famous buildings, the paintings are a wonder to lay eyes on.
Payment chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever is surely worth a look. And another look. This 112-page hardcover book is available now from Firefly Books at a list price of $ 29.95
（1）What do we know about the book mentioned in the text?
A. It has a paper cover.
B. It hasn't been published.
C. It includes some drawing techniques.
D. It's a biography of Julian Beever.
（2）What does the underlined part "jaw dropping" most probably mean?
A. Romantic.
B. Amazing.
C. Frightening
D. Depressing.
（3）We can infer that the text is ______.
A. a book review
B. a description of street art
C. an advertisement for a new book
D. an introduction to an artist
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文， Julian Beever是一个国际知名的粉笔艺术家，他的三维绘画作品已经出现在伦敦，布宜诺斯艾利斯，巴黎，纽约，和世界各地的无数城市的街头。

而在他的新书中这位艺术家也和读者分享了一些他最迷人的和幽默的作品。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“in his book, Pavement chalk artist: The three-dimensional drawings of Julian Beever, the artist shares some of his most fascinating and humorous pieces”, 可知J ulian Beever以绘画而闻名，而他的书中也涵盖了一些他的作品，选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据倒数第二段中的“You're sure to spend ages turning the leaves back and forth, surprised at how one man can create what looks like a three-dimensional design on a
flat surface with just a bit of chalk”可知读者会惊讶于逼真的三维设计，会反复地翻看，由此判断选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

文章开头介绍了著名的画家，然后通篇介绍他的新书内容，而且文章最后还介绍了书的价格以及去哪里可以购买到此书，由此判断该文是一篇介绍书的广告，选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.
Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.
Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.
Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.
（1）The passage is mainly about ________.
A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping
B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers
C. some special services from super shopping malls
D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions
（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.
B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.
C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.
D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.
（3）How does music have an effect on consumers?
A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.
B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.
C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.
D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.
（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited.
（5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?
A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.
B. People should spend more time at home with family members.
C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.
D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。

这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。

（1）主旨大意题。

根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。

故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。

故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。

故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。

A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。

根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。

故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of
home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。

故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
If you're a fan of smart technology, you may have had some sleepless nights lately. That's because Alexa, the artificial intelligence (AI) behind US company Amazon's Echo smart speakers, has been "letting out an unprompted (自发的),creepy (令人毛骨悚然的)cackle for no apparent reason, according to BBC News.
Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh.
"Every time Alexa laughs, an angel dies," Tesla and SpaceX founder Elon Musk joked on social media.
On March 7, Amazon released an update that fixed the problem, saying that the laugh was caused by Echo devices mistakenly thinking that users had said the command " Alexa, laugh".
However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine. With the rise of artificial and robotic technology, "Digital machines started to demonstrate broad abilities in pattern recognition, complex communication, and other area that used to be particularly human," wrote Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee in their book The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better".
However, ever since the earliest days of AI there have been concerns that some day, software will take over the world, leaving the fate of humans unknown.
"With artificial intelligence we are order the demon (魔鬼)Musk told students during a meeting at MIT in 2014. "If I had to guess at what our biggest existential threat is, it's probably that. So we need to be very careful
Many scientists have shared the same concern. The late British physicist Stephen Hawking said at a technology conference in Portugal in November that "computers can. in theory, imitate human intelligence, and exceed it ••• AI could be the worst event in the history of our civilization."
If creators are to safely control AL however, Hawking suggested that they "employ best practice and effective management".
I am an optimist and I believe that we can create AI for the good of the world," he said at the conference. "We simply need to be aware of the dangers, identify them, employ the best possible practice and management, and prepare for its consequences well in advance."
（1）What does the underlined word "cackle" in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.movement
ughter
C.scream
D.story
（2）The story of Alexa is intended to .
A.lead into the discussion about humans and AI
B.prove artificial intelligence has its weaknesses
rm readers of the development of AI
D.show how Alexa's problem was fixed
（3）According to Brynjolfsson and McAfee, which statement below is probably TRUE?
A.The development of AI could threaten our survival one day.
B.Digital machines have complete ability to recognize something without mistakes.
C.Robots will never match humans in complex communication.
D.Humans lives will be greatly improved with the help of robots.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Man VS. Machine
B.Time to Control Rise of AI
C.Creepy AI
D.AI: The Biggest Threat
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了人们对人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点，提醒我们要提前做好充分准备。

（1）考查猜测词义。

根据第二段中的"Many social media users shared their stories of Alexa scaring them with the seemingly unprompted laugh."可知很多社交媒体也分享了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情。

此句中的"laugh"与文章第一段中的划线词"cackle"意义一样，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

前四段中介绍了亚马逊公司的智能机器Alexa会发出令人毛骨悚然的笑声的事情，再根据第五段中的"However, what should have been a funny story raised the ongoing topic of man versus machine."这个故事引起了人与机器对抗的话题。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"They believe that AI will "do more and more, and our lives will get better"."可知Brynjolfsson和McAfee认为现在的人工智能机器展示出了多种能力，这些能力会让我们的生活变得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于人工智能带来的潜在危险的不同观点。

在最后一段中作者引用了霍金的话，告诉我们要意识到人工智能的危险，要做好充分的准备。

B项符合文章中心思想。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
A famous Anglican Church stands in a quiet corner of Dunedin in New Zealand's South Island. Built in 1865, it is the city's oldest church still in use. Countless couples have gathered here to marry. It's where morning tears are shared, friendships formed and comfort given during times of loss.
As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windows. Known as the "John Allen window", one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.
John was the son of Sir James Allen, who as Minister of Defense, helped plan and administer New Zealand's World War I strategy, which saw 100,000 troops sent to fight. With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.
Divided into two parts, one depicts (描绘) St. George, the patron saint (守护神) of soldiers, while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the bottom, "John Hugh All Gallipoli, 6th June, 1915". Two trees with local birds on the branches can be seen and a kiwi walks at the bottom- reminders that John was a lover of birds.
"There are many war memorials in the church," says the church. "However the 'John Allen window' stands out; it touches people because of the beautiful design, the New Zealand birds and because John's story, of a life so full of promise ending tragically in the war, reflects the lives and stories of so many others involved in World War I."
（1）What does the word "portrays" in paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. Starts.
B. Changes.
C. Treasures.
D. Represents.（2）Sir James Allen built the "John Allen window" to ______________.
A.celebrate the end of World War I
B.honor the troops in the Gallipoli campaign
C.remember his son's sacrifice to the country
D.show the family's close ties with the church
（3）What might be the main theme of the pictures on the window?
A.Freedom and equality.
B.Peace and war.
C.Human and nature.
D.Marriage and family.
（4）What might be the best title for the text?
A.A Brave Soldier
B.Window on a Life
C.Cruelty of the War
D.A Grand Church
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。

这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的，主题体现了战争与和平。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.可知被称为“John Allen window”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子John Allen短暂的一生，他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。

可知portrays意思为“描绘”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“With the war over and his son dead, Sir James chose to install a window in the church, with which the Allen family had strong ties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，Sir James选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。

可知Sir James Allen建造了“John Allen window”，以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Divided into two parts, one depicts St. George, the patron saint of soldiers，while the other has an angel of peace, along with the words at the botto m,“ John Hugh All Gallipoli,6th June,1915”.”绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着“John Hugh All Gallipoli，1915年6月6日”。

可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段“As with many churches, its walls are graced with a collection of beautiful stained-glass windo ws. Known as the “John Allen window”, one window portrays the short life of a local man, John Allen, who died in 1915 in the Gallipoli campaign in Turkey.”与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。

一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。

）以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as American's first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the "Father of his country."
The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the main writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor.
Another of American's greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixteenth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery.
The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president.
But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers. He was also an economist and political philosopher.
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill.
Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 1869 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under
his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces.
So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat.
These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images
from nation's history or famous places. They are in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.
（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their people's__________ .
A. talents in many ways
B. success in their careers
C. inventions in new fields
D. contributions to the country
（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nation's ____________.
A. economy and power
B. independence and democracy
C. wealth and success
D. faith and glory
（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Men on the Money
B. the Design of US Bills
C. History on the Money
D. the Story of US Bills
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们
对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。

文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家
的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草
者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元
勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而
可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the ‘Father of
his country.’"；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nation's Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无
论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与
民主所做出的努力与牺牲。

故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar。