真题回顾(四)-2020年高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

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高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析
专题25真题回顾(四)
Passage 16
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2016全国III)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, ___61___ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might ___62___ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ___63___ (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, ___64___ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, ___65___ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ___66___ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ___67___ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ___68___ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___69___ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ___70___ their hands.
61. 【答案】and
【解析】句意:在亚洲的许多地方,尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南所谓的“饭碗”文化,食物通常是用筷子来吃的。

China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam是并列关系,故用并列连词and。

62. 【答案】be made
【解析】句意:实际上,考究的筷子可能会由金子或银子制成,上面刻有汉字。

Be made of意为“由……
制成”,情态动词might后用动词原形。

63. 【答案】to create
【解析】句意:技艺精湛的工匠也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来制作特殊的图案。

这里是目的状语,应用不定式。

64. 【答案】using
【解析】句意:人们可能用大锅做饭,用树枝把饭弄出来。

这里是方式状语,应用分词;逻辑主语people 和use是主动关系,故用现在分词。

65. 【答案】as
【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成碎片,以便很快做熟。

as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”。

66. 【答案】gradually
【解析】句意:小块的食物容易用树枝加着吃,这些树枝慢慢地就变成了筷子。

修饰谓语turned,应用副词。

gradual的副词形式是gradually。

67. 【答案】who
【解析】句意:有些人认为,生活在大约公元前551年到公元前479年的中国伟大学者孔子,对筷子的发展产生了影响。

引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Confucius,指人,故填关系代词who。

68. 【答案】development
【解析】句意:有些人认为,生活在大约公元前551年到公元前479年的中国伟大学者孔子,对筷子的发展产生了影响。

作influenced的宾语,应用名词。

69. 【答案】were
【解析】句意:孔子认为,刀子会使人想到杀戮,而且在餐桌上使用显得太暴力。

believed后面是一个宾语从句,and连接两个并列的谓语动词,应用一般过去时。

主语是knives,be动词应用were。

70.【答案】with
【解析】句意:例如,在印度,传统上大多数人用手抓饭吃。

with表示“用……”。

Passage 17
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2015全国I)
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I ___61___ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours ___62___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ___63___ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops an d dark waters of the Li River ___64___ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___65___ (painting). Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ___66___ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo ___67___ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers ___68___ (conduct) by the website
TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ___69___ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ___70___ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 61. 【答案】arrived
【解析】句意:我在天黑前赶到了阳朔,当时天正下着毛毛雨。

主句是过去进行时,所以这里说的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。

arrive的过去式是arrived。

62. 【答案】before/earlier
【解析】句意:几小时前,我已经回到了香港的家,香港雾霾呛人。

因为句子用的是过去完成时,所以不能用ago。

63. 【答案】Its
【解析】句意:几小时前,我已经回到了香港的家,香港雾霾呛人。

作定语,修饰smog,指Hong Kong,故用物主代词its。

64. 【答案】which/that
【解析】句意:我欢呼雀跃地来到了桂林的附近,这是寻找石灰岩山峰和漓江绿水的游客们梦寐以求的地方,这些景点在艺术家们如此多的中国画中都有描绘。

这是一个复合句,主句是I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,从句是_______ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings。

从句修饰the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,是一个定语从句。

关系词在从句中作主语,且先行词指物,所以用关系代词which 或that引导定语从句。

65. 【答案】paintings
【解析】句意:我绕过了桂林,其石灰岩山顶和碧绿的漓江水使游客魂牵梦绕的地方,艺术家拍摄大量油画的地方。

painting意为“油画”,前有many修饰,应用复数形式。

66. 【答案】by
【解析】句意:对哪些飞到桂林的人来说,去阳朔开车只需一个小时,一路可以欣赏到这座城市的全部美景。

by表示乘坐某种交通工具。

67. 【答案】is
【解析】句意:阳朔确实很美丽。

说的是客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语Yangshuo是单数,be动词应用is。

68. 【答案】conducted
【解析】句意:TripAdvisor网站对游客进行的一项研究提名阳朔为全世界十大旅游好去处之一。

空格部
分作定语,修饰a study;study与conduct是被动关系,故用过去分词。

69. 【答案】regularly
【解析】句意:香港一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说,它为居住在上海和香港的人们定期安排来这儿(阳朔)的快速自助游。

修饰谓语动词arranges,应用副词。

70.【答案】living
【解析】句意:香港一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说,它为居住在上海和香港的人们定期安排来这(阳朔)的快速自助游。

这里作定语,修饰people,live是不及物动词,故用现在分词。

Passage 18
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2015全国II)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) ___61___ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ___62___ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ___63___ (able) to “air condition” a house without ___64___ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ___65___ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ___66___ (cool) the house during the hot day; ___67___ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle ___68___ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures. As ___69___ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ___70___ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 61. 【答案】built
【解析】句意:土坯房的建造者——美国西南部的普艾布罗印第安人甚至受到最现代化的建筑师和工程师的钦佩。

这里作定语,dwellings与build是被动关系,故用过去分词。

62. 【答案】the
【解析】句意:土坯房的建造者——美国西南部的普艾布罗印第安人甚至受到最现代化的建筑师和工程师的钦佩。

形容词最高级前要用定冠词。

63. 【答案】ability
【解析】句意:除了朴素的美,土坯房的绝妙之处还在于它们具有不用电器来调节房子气温的能力。

空格前有物主代词their,应用名词。

故填入able的名词形式ability。

64. 【答案】using
【解析】句意:除了朴素的美,土坯房的绝妙之处还在于它们具有不用电器来调节房子气温的能力。


介词without的宾语,应用动名词。

65. 【答案】slowly
【解析】修饰谓语give out,应用副词。

66. 【答案】to cool
【解析】句意:新的一天来临的时候,墙壁释放出热量,冷到足以使房子在炎热的白天凉爽下来。

enough 后用不定式作状语。

67. 【答案】at
【解析】句意:新的一天来临的时候,墙壁释放出热量,冷到足以使房子在炎热的白天凉爽下来,同时在晚上又暖和起来。

at the same time意为“同时”。

68. 【答案】goes
【解析】句意:这种循环日复一日地进行着。

说的是客观情况,应用一般现在时;主语this cycle是单数,谓语动词应用单数,即goes。

69. 【答案】natural
【解析】句意:作为天然的建筑师,印第安人精确地算出了土坯房需要多厚的墙才能使这一循环过程在大部分时间持续下去。

作定语,修饰名词architects,应用形容词,故填natural。

70.【答案】how
【解析】句意:作为天然的建筑师,印第安人精确地算出了土坯房需要多厚的墙才能使这一循环过程在大部分时间持续下去。

这是一个复合句。

连接词引导宾语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示“多么”,故填how。

Passage 19
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2014全国I)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ___61___(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it ___62___ (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of ___63___ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ___64___ even a few months. It took years of work ___65___ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ___66___ (clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit ___67___ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible
situation ,don’t yo u want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are ___68___ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ___69___ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be ___70___ (patience).
61. 【答案】was
【解析】句意:1969年,俄亥俄州克利夫兰市的凯霍加河污染严重。

要想把它清理干净简直无法想象。

由前一句的时间状语in 1969可知,应用一般过去时。

I是第一人称单数,be动词用was。

62. 【答案】actually
【解析】句意:这条河污染如此严重,它确实能着火燃烧。

修饰谓语动词,应用副词。

63. 【答案】the
【解析】句意:多年以后的今天,这条河成了环境清理最显著的典型之一。

most outstanding 是outstanding 的最高级,前面要用定冠词。

64. 【答案】or
【解析】句意:但是,这条河不是几天,或者甚至是几个月就被改变的。

这里表示选择关系,故用并列连词or。

65. 【答案】to reduce
【解析】句意:要减少工业污染和清洁河水需要多年的工作。

It takes … to do sth是固定结构,意为“做某事需要……”。

66. 【答案】cleaner
【解析】句意:终于,艰苦的努力获得了回报,现在河里的水比以前任何时候都干净。

这里作表语,应用形容词;由比较连词than可知,应用比较级。

67. 【答案】which/that
【解析】句意:也许你有一个习惯,这习惯使家人发疯。

这是一个复合句,主句是Maybe you leave a habit,从句是______ is driving your family crazy。

从句修饰habit,是有个定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,且先行词指物,所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。

68. 【答案】amazing
【解析】句意:虽然有瞬间改变的惊人故事,但对我们大多数人来说,这些改变是渐进的,需要长期的努力和艰苦的工作,就像清理污染的河流那样。

说明stories的特征,表示“令人惊讶的”,应用现在分词。

69. 【答案】changes
【解析】由谓语动词are可知,应用名词复数。

70.【答案】patient
【解析】句意:只需要要耐心一点就行了。

作表语,应用形容词。

Passage 20
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

(2014全国II)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be ) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62___ some of them looked very anxious and ___63___ (disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ___64___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ___65__ (catch) my attention. he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop ) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation .Then the driver stood up and asked, “___68___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear. It is ___69___ (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy .Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .And the passengers ___70___(sudden)became friendly to one another.
61. 【答案】being
【解析】句意:一天早晨,我在车站等车,担心上学迟到。

worry about后接动名词。

62. 【答案】and
【解析】句意:很多人在车站等车,有些人看上去非常着急和失望。

这是一个并列句,前后两个分句是一致关系,故用并列连词and连接。

63. 【答案】disappointed
【解析】这里作表语,说明人的心理感受,故用过去分词。

64. 【答案】to
【解析】句意:我在靠窗处找了个地方,所以人行道上的景象可以一览无余。

next to意为“在……旁边”,符合句意。

65. 【答案】caught
【解析】句意:一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。

全文叙述的是过去发生的一件事,故用一般过去时。

catch是不规则动词,其过去式是caught。

66. 【答案】to stop
【解析】句意:我听见我后面有人向司机大喊,但是司机拒绝停车,一直开到下一站。

Refuse后接不定
式作宾语。

67. 【答案】riding
【解析】句意:男孩还是在不停地骑车。

keep后接动名词,表示不停地做某事。

68. 【答案】Did
【解析】这是一个一般疑问句,询问过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填助动词did。

69. 【答案】mine
【解析】句意:公交车上的一位女士喊道:“天哪,那是我的(箱子)。

”这里指my suitcase,在句子中作表语,故填名词性物主代词mine。

70. 【答案】suddenly
【解析】句意:乘客们突然间彼此友好起来。

修饰谓语动词,应用副词。

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