测绘英语-常用语二
测绘工程专业英语Unit 2
May 2007May 2007
Singapore English
Chinese-style interjections ay yaah! to express surprise or exasperation
ay yor! to express pain or wonder or both
Unit 2
What does “Englishes” here refer to?
---- The title “Englishes” in its plural form refers to the various styles of English.
Each of us works not just with one English but with many Englishes… As for those who speak English, we have
ay yer! indicating a reaction to something unpleasant and maybe unexptected che! expressing irritation or regret
May 2007May 2007
Natalie Knuth / Teresa Mattheß
close meaning 'put off' → Close the light.
Style is….
How Do We Discuss Writing Style?
• And just like we can talk about these other types of style using specific language, such as rap that is broken down into old school, gangsta, hip-hop, etc., writing style can be discussed through a few key factors: • Diction • Syntax • Tone • Use of Figurative Language
测绘专业英语_大地测量和平面测量
湖南城市学院
王之卓： The development of “Surveying and Mapping” in the information era is “Geomatics”.
湖南城市学院
Types of Surveys 测量类型
(1) land surveys (2) topographic surveys (3) route surveys (4) city surveys (5) construction surveys (6) hydrographic surveys (7) marine surveys (8) forestry and geological surveys (9) photogrammetric surveys
湖南城市学院
plumb n.铅锤，测锤 adj.垂直的 vt.1，用铅垂线校正 2， （为建筑物等）铺设管道 3，当管工 4，用 铅锤测量 plumb bob 铅锤 plumb line 铅垂线 off [out of] plum 不垂直，shmen
sophomore junior
senior
湖南城市学院
estate n.1.住宅区，工业区，工厂区 2,（通常指农村的）大片私有土地，庄园 This is a tea estate. 3,个人财产；（尤指）遗产 He owns a large estate in Scotland. 4,不动产权，地产权，财产权 5,（人生的）阶段，状况，状态，情况
湖南城市学院
chart n.1,图标 2，航海图 The course of a ship is marked on a chart. 轮船的航线已经在航海图上标出。 vt.1,绘制地图，在图上标出 The navigator charted the course of the ship. 领航员在航海图上标出船的航线。 2，记录，记述，跟踪（进展或发展） 3，计划行动 ；制定计划
实用英语词汇系列：测绘类翻译词汇_Part2
海区总图general chart of the sea海图 Chart海图 Chart海图比例尺 Chart scale海图比例尺 Chart scale海图编号 Chart numbering海图编号 Chart numbering海图编制 Chart compilation海图编制 Chart compilation海图标题 Chart title海图标题 Chart title海图大改正 Chart large correction海图大改正 Chart large correction海图分幅 Chart subdivision海图分幅 Chart subdivision海图改正 Chart correction海图改正 Chart correction海图投影 Chart projection海图投影 Chart projection海图图廓 Chart boarder海图图廓 Chart boarder海图图式symbols and abbreviations on chart 海图小改正Chart small correction海图小改正Chart small correction海图制图 charting海图制图 charting海图注记 lettering of chart海洋测绘 marine charting海洋测绘数据库 marine charting database 海洋测量 marine survey海洋测量定位marine survey positioning海洋磁力测量marine magnetic survey海洋磁力图 marine magnetic chart海洋磁力异常marine magnetic anomaly海洋大地测量marine geodetic survey海洋大地测量学 marine geodesy海洋工程测量marine engineering survey海洋划界测量marine demarcation survey海洋环境图marine environmental chart海洋气象图 marine meteorological chart海洋生物图marine biological chart海洋水文图marine hydrological chart海洋水准测量 marine leveling海洋卫星 Seasat海洋质子采样器marine bottom proton sampler 海洋质子磁力仪 marine proton magnetometer海洋重力测量 marine gravimetry海洋重力仪 marine gravimeter海洋重力异常 marine gravity anomaly海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly 海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly 海洋专题测量marine thematic survey海洋资源图marine resource chart航标表list of lights航带法空中三角测量 strip aerial triangulation航道 channel航道 channel航道 fairway航道图navigation channel chart航道图navigation channel chart航高 flight height航高 flying height航海天文历 nautical almanac航海天文历 nautical almanac航海通告 NM航海通告 notice to mariners航海通告 NM航海通告 notice to mariners航海图 nautical chart航海图 nautical chart航迹 track航空摄谱仪 aerial spectrograph航空摄影 aerial photography航空摄影测量 aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量 aerophotogrammetry航空摄影机 aerial camera航空图 aeronautical chart航空遥感aerial remote sensing航空重力测量airborne gravity measurement航路指南 sailing directions航路指南 SD航摄计划flight plan of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄漏洞 aerial photographic gap航摄软片 aerial film航摄像片,航空像片 aerial photograph航摄质量 quality of aerophotography航速 speed航天飞机 space shuttle航天摄影 space photography航天摄影测量，*太空摄影测量 space photogrammetry航天遥感space remote sensing航向 course航向 course航向倾角 longitudinal tilt航向倾角 pitch航向重叠 end overlap航向重叠 fore-and-aft overlap航向重叠 forward overlap航向重叠 longitudinal overlap航行通告notice to navigator航行通告notice to navigator航行图 sailing chart航行障碍物 navigation obstruction航行障碍物 navigation obstruction合成地图 synthetic map合成孔径雷达 SAR合成孔径雷达synthetic aperture radar合点控制 vanishing point control河道整治测量 river improvement survey河外致密射电源，*类星体extragalactic compact radio source 核点 epipole核面 epipolar plane核线epipolar line核线 epipolar ray核线相关 epipolar correlation盒式分类法box classification method黑白片 black-and-white film黑白摄影 black-and-white photography恒时钟 sidereal clock恒星摄影机 stellar camera恒星时 sidereal time恒星中天测时法method of time determination by star transit 横断面测量 cross-section survey横断面测量 cross-section survey横断面图 cross-section profile横断面图 cross-section profile横轴投影 transverse projection红外测距仪 infrared EDM instrument红外辐射计 infrared radiometer红外片 infrared film红外扫描仪 infrared scanner红外摄影 infrared photography红外图像 infrared imagery红外遥感infrared remote sensing后方交会 resection湖泊测量 lake survey互补色地图 anaglyphic map互补色镜 anaglyphoscope互补色立体观察anaglyphical stereoscopic viewing 环境地图 environmental map环境探测卫星environmental survey satellite缓和曲线测设spiral curve location缓和曲线测设 transition curve location换能器 transducer换能器吃水改正correction of transducer draft换能器吃水改正correction of transducer draft换能器动态吃水transducer dynamic draft换能器基线 transducer baseline换能器基线改正correction of transducer baseline 换能器基线改正correction of transducer baseline 换能器静态吃水transducer static draft黄海平均海[水]面Huang Hai mean sea level灰楔 grey wedge回声测深 echo sounding回声测深仪 echo sounder回头曲线测设 hair-pin curve location回照器 helios回照器 helioscope汇水面积测量catchment area survey汇水面积测量catchment area survey绘图机 plotter绘图文件 plotting file混合潮港mixed tidal harbor机场测量 airport survey机场跑道测量 airfield runway survey机械投影 mechanical projection机载激光测探airborne laser sounding机载遥感器 airborne sensor机助测图 computer-aided mapping机助测图 computer-assisted plotting机助测图 computer-aided mapping机助测图 computer-assisted plotting机助地图制图 CAC机助地图制图 computer-aided cartography机助地图制图 computer-assisted cartography机助地图制图 CAC机助地图制图 computer-aided cartography机助地图制图 computer-assisted cartography机助分类 computer-assisted classification机助分类 computer-assisted classification基本比例尺 basic scale基本图形元素 primary graphic elements基本重力点 basic gravimetric point基长基线干涉测量 VLBI基-高比 base-height ratio基线 base line基线测量base line measurement基线网 base line network基准台，*差分台 track station基准纬度latitude of reference激光测高仪 laser altimeter激光测距仪laser distance measuring instrument激光测距仪 laser ranger激光测深仪 laser sounder激光测月 LLR激光测月 lunar laser ranging激光地形仪laser topographic position finder激光二极管 laser diode激光二极管 LD激光绘图机 laser plotter激光经纬仪 laser theodolite激光目镜 laser eyepiece激光扫平仪 laser swinger激光水准仪 laser level激光投点 laser plumbing激光照排机 image setter激光指向仪给向setting-out of driving working direction by laser gui激光准直法method of laser alignment激光准直仪 laser aligner极限误差 limit error极移 polar motion极坐标定位，*距离方位定位point coordinate positioning极坐标定位方法,*方位距离定位方法azimuth distance positioning method 极坐标定位方法，*方位距离定位方法 polar positioning method极坐标缩放仪 polar pantograph几何大地测量学 geometric geodesy几何定向 geometric orientation几何反转原理principle of geometric reverse几何模型 geometric model几何条件 geometric condition几何校正 geometric correction几何校正 geometric rectification计曲线 index contour计算机兼容磁带 CCT计算机兼容磁带 computer compatible tape计算机兼容磁带 CCT计算机兼容磁带 computer compatible tape计算机视觉 computer vision计算机视觉 computer vision计算机制图综合computer cartographic generalization计算机制图综合computer cartographic generalization既有线站场测量survey of existing station yard加常数 addition constant加密点 pass point假彩色合成 false color composite假彩色摄影 false color photography假彩色图像 false color image假定坐标系assumed coordinate system间接法纠正indirect scheme of digital rectification间曲线 half-interval contour监测台，*检测台 monitor station监测网 monitoring network监督分类 supervised classification监视台，*检差台 Check station监视台，*检差台 Check station减色印刷reducing color printing剪辑 clipping剪辑 clipping检疫锚法 quarantine anchorage建筑工程测量 building engineering survey建筑摄影测量 architectural photogrammetry建筑物沉降观测building axis survey渐长区间 projection interval渐长纬度 meridional part江河测量 river survey江河图 river chart交叉耦合效应，* C-C效应 cross-coupling effect交叉耦合效应，* C-C效应 cross-coupling effect交叉网线 cross-ruling交叉网线 cross-ruling交线条件，*向甫鲁条件，*恰普斯基条件 Scheimpflug condition交线条件，*向甫鲁条件，*恰普斯基条condition of intersection交线条件，*向甫鲁条件，*恰普斯基条Czapski condition交线条件，*向甫鲁条件，*恰普斯基条condition of intersection交线条件，*向甫鲁条件，*恰普斯基条Czapski condition交向摄影 convergent photography交向摄影 convergent photography焦距 focal length礁石 rock教学地图 school map接触晒印，接触印刷 contact printing接触晒印，接触印刷 contact printing接触网屏 contact screen接触网屏 contact screen接收二极管 reception diode接收中心 receiving center结点平差Adjustment by method of junction point截断误差 truncation error截面差改正correction from normal section to geodesic截面差改正correction from normal section to geodesic解析测图 analytical mapping解析测图仪 analytical plotter解析定向 analytical orientation解析纠正 analytical rectification解析空中三角测量*电算加密 analytical aerotriangulation解析摄影测量 analytical photogrammetry解析图根点analytic mapping control point界址点 boundary mark界址点 boundary point金属弹簧重力仪 metallic spring gravimeter津格尔[星对]测时法，*东西星等测时法method of time determination by Zinger star-pair 近程定位系统short-range positioning system近井点point for shaft position近景摄影测量 close-range photogrammetry近景摄影测量 close-range photogrammetry近似地形面 telluroid近似平差 approximate adjustment禁[止抛]锚区 anchorage-prohibited area禁航区 prohibited area禁区界限forbidden zone boundary line经济地图 economic map经纬[线]网 fictitious graticule经纬仪 theodolite经纬仪 transit经纬仪测绘法mapping method with transit经纬仪导线 theodolite traverse精[密]度 Precision精码 P Code精码 Precise Code精密测距 precise ranging精密垂准 precise plumbing精密导线测量 precise traversing精密工程测量 precise engineering survey精密工程控制网precise engineering control network精密估计 precision estimation精密机械安装测量precise mechanism installation survey精密立体测图仪 precision stereoplotter精密水准测量 precise leveling精密水准仪 precise level精密星历 precise ephemeris精密准直 precise alignment井底车场平面图shaft bottom plan井上下对照图 surface-underground contrast plan井深工程测量shaft prospecting engineering survey井田区域地形图topographic map of mining area井筒十字中线标定setting-out of cross line through shaft center 井下测量，*矿井测量 underground survey井下空硐测量 underground cavity survey景观地图 landscape map净空区测量clearance limit survey净空区测量clearance limit survey径向畸变 radial distortion静电复印 xerography静态定位 static positioning静态遥感器 static sensor纠正 rectification纠正仪 rectifier纠正仪 transformer纠正元素element of rectification矩形分幅rectangular map subdivision绝对定向 absolute orientation绝对定向元素elements of absolute orientation绝对航高absolute flying height绝对误差 absolute error绝对阈 absolute threshold绝对重力测量absolute gravity measurement 绝对重力仪 absolute gravimeter军事工程测量military engineering survey 军用地图 military map军用海图 military chart竣工测量final construction survey测绘类词汇（2）开采沉陷观测 mining subsidence observation开采沉陷图map of mining subsidence开窗 windowing勘测设计阶段测量survey in reconnaissance and design stage 勘探基线 prospecting baseline勘探网测设 prospecting network layout勘探线测量prospecting line survey勘探线剖面图prospecting line profile map康索尔海图 Consol chart康索尔海图 Consol chart抗差估计，*稳健估计 robust estimation考古摄影测量 archaeological photogrammetry克拉索夫斯基椭球 Krasovsky ellipsoid克莱罗定理 Clairaut theorem克莱罗定理 Clairaut theorem刻绘 scribing刻图仪 scriber坑道平面图 Adit planimetric坑探工程测量Adit prospecting engineering survey空基系统 space-based system空间大地测量学 space geodesy空间改正 free-air correction空间后方交会 space resection空间前方交会 space intersection空间试验室 Spacelab空间数据管理系统spatial database management system空间数据基础设施 SDI空间数据基础设施 spatial data infrastructure空间数据转换spatial data transfer空间信息可视化visualization of spatial information空间异常 free-air anomaly空中导线测量 aerophotogonometry空中三角测量 aerotriangulation空中水准测量 aeroleveling控制测量 control survey控制测量 control survey控制点 control point控制点 control point库容测量 reservoir storage survey跨河水准测量 river-crossing leveling块状图 block diagram快门 shutter矿产图 map of mineral deposits矿场平面图mining yard plan矿区控制测量control survey of mining area矿区控制测量control survey of mining area矿山测量 mine survey矿山测量交换图 exchanging document． of mining survey 矿山测量图 mining map矿山测量学 mine surveying矿山经纬仪 mining theodolite矿体几何[学] mineral deposits geometry矿体几何制图geometrisation of ore body框标 fiducial mark框幅摄影机 frame camera拉普拉斯点 Laplace point拉普拉斯方位角 Laplace azimuth兰勃特投影 Lambert projection蓝底图 blue key浪花 Breaker勒夫数 Love's number雷达测高仪 radar altimeter雷达覆盖区 radar overlay雷达应答器 radar responder雷达指向标 radar ramark类别视觉感受 perceptual groupings类型地图 typal map离心力 centrifugal force离心力 centrifugal force离心力位potential of centrifugal force礼炮号航天站Salyut Space Station理论地图学 theoretical cartography理论最低低潮面lowest normal low water理论最高潮面highest normal high water历史地图 historic map历元平极mean pole of the epoch立标 Beacon立井导入高程测量induction height survey through shaft立井定向测量shaft orientation survey立井激光指向[法] laser guide of vertical shaft立体测图仪 stereoplotter立体地图 relief map立体观测 stereoscopic observation立体观测模型 stereoscopic model立体镜 stereoscope立体判读仪 stereointerpretoscope立体摄影测量 stereophotogrammetry立体摄影机 stereocamera立体摄影机 stereometric camera立体视觉 stereoscopic vision立体像对 stereopair立体坐标量测量 stereocomparator粒子加速器测量 particle accelerator survey 连接点 tie point连续调 continuous tone连续调 continuous tone连续对比 successive contrast连续方式 continuous mode连续方式 continuous mode连续减光板 continuous attenuator连续减光板 continuous attenuator帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门 focal plane shutter 联测比对 comparison survey联测比对 comparison survey联合平差 combined adjustment联合平差 combined adjustment联盟号宇宙飞船 Soyuz Spacecraft联系测量 connection survey联系测量 connection survey联系三角形法 connection triangle method联系三角形法 connection triangle method联系数 correlate联系数 correlate亮度 lightness量测摄影机 metric camera量底法quantity base method量化 quantization量化 quantizing裂缝观测 fissure observation邻带方里网grid of neighboring zone邻图拼接比对comparison with adjacent chart 邻图拼接比对comparison with adjacent chart 邻元法 neighborhood method邻元法 neighborhood method林业测量 forest survey林业基本图 forest basic map零[位]线改正correction of zero line零[位]线改正correction of zero line零漂改正correction of zero drift零漂改正correction of zero drift零相位效应 zero-phase effect领海基线测量 territorial sea baseline survey六分仪 sextant鲁洛夫斯太阳棱镜 Roelofs solar prism陆地卫星 Landsat滤光片 Filter旅游地图 tourist map略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面 Indian spring low water 略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面lower low water罗经[校正]标compass adjustment beacon罗经[校正]标compass adjustment beacon罗兰-C定位系统 Loran-C positioning system罗兰海图 Loran chart罗盘经纬仪 compass theodolite罗盘经纬仪 compass theodolite罗盘仪 compass罗盘仪 compass罗盘仪测量 compass survey罗盘仪测量 compass survey逻辑兼容，*逻辑一致性 logical consistency芒塞尔色系 Munsell color system锚地 Anchorage锚位 anchorage berth卯酉面prime vertical plane卯酉圈 prime vertical卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical蒙绘 mask artwork蒙绘，*透写图 tracing蒙片 mask面水准测量 area leveling面状符号 area symbol瞄直法 sighting line method名义量表 nominal scaling名义量表 nominal scaling明礁 bare rock模糊分类法 fuzzy classifier method模糊影像 fuzzy image模拟磁带 analog tape模拟地图 analog map模拟法测图analog photogrammetric plotting模拟空中三角测量 analog aerotriangulation模拟立体测图仪 analog stereoplotter模拟摄影测量 analog photogrammetry模式识别 pattern recognition模型连接bridging of model模型缩放 scaling of model模型置平 leveling of model莫洛坚斯基公式 Molodensky formula莫洛坚斯基理论 Molodensky theory墨卡托海图 Mercator chart墨卡托投影 Mercator projection目标发射器 target reflector目标区 target area目视判读 visual interpretation目视天顶仪 visual zenith telescope内部定向 interior orientation能见度 visibility能见敏锐度 visibility acuity拟稳平差 quasi-stable adjustment逆转点法reversal points method年平均海面annual mean sea level鸟瞰图bird's eye view map欧洲遥感卫星 ERS欧洲遥感卫星Europe Remote Sensing Satellite偶然误差 accident error偶然误差 random error判读，*判释，*解释 interpretation判读仪 interpretoscope旁向倾角 lateral tilt旁向倾角 roll旁向重叠 lateral overlap旁向重叠 side lap旁向重叠 side overlap偏角法method of deflection angle偏振光立体观察vectograph method of stereoscopic viewing 频率误差 frequency error频偏 frequency offset频漂 frequency drift平板仪 plane-table平板仪测量 plane-table survey平板仪导线 plane-table traverse平差值 adjusted value平衡潮 equilibrium tide平极 mean pole平均地球椭球mean earth ellipsoid平均海[水]面mean sea level平均海面归算seasonal correction of mean sea level平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature平均误差 average error平均运动 mean motion平面控制点 horizontal control point平面控制网，*水平控制网 horizontal control network 平面曲线测设plane curve location平面图 plane平面坐标 horizontal coordinate平时钟 mean-time clock平行圈 parallel circle平移参数 translation parameters平整土地测量survey for land consolidation平整土地测量survey for land smoothing屏幕地图 screen map坡度测设 grade location坡面经纬仪 slope theodolite剖面图 Profiles普拉烈系统 PRARE普拉烈系统Precise Range and Rangerate Equipment 普通地图 general map普通地图集 general atlas普通海图 general chart曝光 exposure气体激光器 gas laser气象代表误差meteorological representation error恰可察觉差 JND恰可察觉差just noticeable difference千米尺 kilometer scale铅垂线 plumb line前方交会 [forward] intersection钱德勒摆动 Chandler wobble钱德勒摆动 Chandler wobble浅地层剖面仪 sub-bottom profiler浅色调 tint浅滩 shoal桥墩定位 location of pier桥梁测量 bridge survey桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁轴线测设bridge axis location切线支距法 tangent off-set method切向畸变 tangential distortion切向畸变 tangential lens distortion倾斜观测 tilt observation倾斜位移 tilt displacement倾斜仪 clinometer倾斜仪 clinometer清绘 fair drawing求积仪 planimeter求积仪 platometer球面投影 stereographic projection球心投影，*大环投影 gnomonic projection区划地图 regionalization map区域地图集 regional atlas区域地质调查 regional geological survey区域地质图 regional geological map区域网平差 block adjustment曲线光滑 line smoothing全景畸变 panoramic distortion全景摄影 panoramic photography全景摄影机 panorama camera全景摄影机 panoramic camera全能法测图universal method of photogrammetric mapping 全球导航卫星系统Global Navigation Satellite System全球导航卫星系统 GLONASS全球定位系统 global positioning system全球定位系统 GPS全色红外片 panchromatic infrared film全色片 panchromatic film全息摄影 hologram photography全息摄影 holography全息摄影测量 hologrammetry全组合测角法method in all combinations权 weight权函数 weight function权矩阵 weight matrix权逆阵inverse of weight matrix权系数 weight coefficient热辐射 thermal radiation热红外线图像thermal infrared imagery热红外线图像thermal IR imagery人工标志[点] artificial target人机交互处理 interactive processing人口地图 population map人文地图 human map人仪差personal and instrumental equation认知制图 cognitive mapping认知制图 cognitive mapping任意比例尺 arbitrary scale任意投影 arbitrary projection任意轴子午线arbitrary axis meridian日月引力摄动lunisolar gravitational perturbation冗余码 redundant code冗余信息 redundant information儒略日 Julian Day三边测量 trilateration survey三边网 trilateration network三差相位观测triple difference phase observation三杆分度仪 three-arm protractor三角测量 triangulation三角点 triangulation point三角高程测量 trigonometric leveling三角高程导线 polygonal height traverse三角高程网 trigonometric leveling network三角基座 tribrach三角锁 triangulation chain三角网 triangulation network三脚架 tripod三维地景仿真three-dimensional terrain simulation三维网 three-dimensional network扫海测量 sweep扫海测量wire drag survey扫海测深仪 sweeping sounder扫海具 sweeper扫海区 swept area扫海深度 sweeping depth扫海趟 sweeping trains扫雷区 mine-sweeping area扫描数字化 scan-digitizing扫描仪 scanner色彩管理系统color management system色彩管理系统color management system色调 tone色环 color wheel色环 color wheel色盲片 achromatic film色相 hue森林分布图 forest distribution map晒版 plate copying晒版 printing down闪闭法立体观察blinking method of stereoscopic viewing扇谐系数 coefficient of sectorial harmonics扇谐系数 coefficient of sectorial harmonics熵编码 entropy coding上下视差 vertical parallax上下视差 y-parallax摄谱仪 spectrograph摄影比例尺 photographic scale摄影测量畸变差，*畸变差 photogrammetric distortion 摄影测量内插 photogrammetric interpolation摄影测量学 photogrammetry摄影测量仪器 photogrammetric instrument摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing 摄影测量坐标系photogrammetric coordinate system摄影处理 photographic processing摄影分区 flight block摄影航线flight line of aerial photography摄影机检校 camera caliberation摄影机检校 camera caliberation摄影机主距principal distance of camera摄影基线 air base摄影基线 photographic baseline摄影经纬仪 camera transit摄影经纬仪 camera transit摄影经纬仪 photo theodolite摄影学 photography摄站 camera station摄站 camera station摄站 exposure station伸缩仪 extensometer深度基准 sounding datum深度基准面保证率assuring rate of depth datum深色调 shade甚长基线干涉测量very long baseline interferometry生物量指标变换biomass index transformation生物医学摄影测量 biomedical photogrammetry声呐扫海 sonar sweeping声呐图像 sonar image声速改正correction of sounding wave velocity声速改正correction of sounding wave velocity声速计 velociment声图判读interpretation of echograms声学多普勒海流剖面仪acoustic Doppler current profiler 声学多普勒海流剖面仪 ADCP声学水位计acoustic water level失锁 loss of lock施工测量 construction survey施工测量 construction survey施工方格网square control network施工控制网construction control network施工控制网construction control network石英弹簧重力仪quartz spring gravimeter石油勘探测量 petroleum exploration survey 时号 time signal时号改正数correction to time signal时号改正数correction to time signal时钟频率 clock frequency时钟频率 clock frequency识别码 identification code实时处理 real-time processing实时摄影测量 real-time photogrammetry实用地图学 applied cartography矢量绘图 vector plotting矢量数据 vector data矢量重力测量 vector gravimetry世界地图集 world atlas世界时 universal time世界时 UT市政工程测量 public engineering survey示坡线 slope line视差 Parallax视场对比 simultaneous contrast视地平线 apparent horizon视距 sighting distance视距乘常数stadia multiplication constant视距导线 stadia traverse视距加常数stadia addition constant视觉变量 visual variable视觉层次 visual hierarchy视觉对比 visual contrast视觉分辨敏锐度 resolution acuity视觉立体地图 stereoscopic map视觉平衡 visual balance视模型 perceived model视线高程elevation of sight视准线法 collimation line method视准线法 collimation line method适淹礁 rock awash适应性水平 adaptation level收时 time receiving手持水准仪 hand level首曲线 intermediate contour艏向 heading输电线路测量power transmission line survey输油管道测量 petroleum pipeline survey鼠标[器] mouse竖盘指标差index error of vertical circle竖盘指标差 vertical collimation error竖曲线测设 vertical curve location竖直摄影 vertical photography数量感 quantitative perception数学地图学 mathematical cartography数值地籍 numerical cadastre数值地籍 numerical cadastre数字地图产品标准product standard of digital map双标准纬线投影projection with two standard parallels双介质摄影测量 two-medium photogrammetry双曲线导航图hyperbolic navigation chart双曲线定位，*测距差定位 hyperbolic positioning双曲线定位系统 hyperbolic positioning system双曲线格网hyperbolic positioning grid双色激光测距仪two-color laser ranger双向航道 two-way route水尺 tide staff水库测量 reservoir survey水库淹没线测设setting-out of reservoir flooded line水雷[危险]区 mine [dangerous] area水利工程测量hydrographic engineering survey水面水准 surface level水平角 horizontal angle水平折光差horizontal refraction error水汽辐射仪water vapor radiometer水深 soundings水深测量 sounding水深测量自动化系统automatic hydrographic survey system 水声定位 acoustic positioning水声定位系统 acoustic positioning system水声全息系统 acoustic holography system水声应答器 acoustic responder水铊 lead水听器 hydrophorce水位 water level水位分带改正correction of tidal zoning。
测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组
测量专业常用英语词汇阿贝比长原理Abbe comparator principle阿达马变换Hadamard transformation安平精度setting accuracy岸台，*固定台base station暗礁reef靶道工程测量target road engineering survey 半导体激光器semiconductor laser半日潮港semidiurnal tidal harbor半色调halftone饱和度saturation北极星任意时角法method by hour angle of Polaris贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid贝叶斯分类Bayesian classification被动式遥感passive remote sensing本初子午线prime meridian比较地图学comparative cartography比较地图学comparative cartography比例尺scale比例量表ratio scaling比例误差proportional error比值变换ratio transformation比值增强ratio enhancement闭合差closing error闭合差closure闭合差closing error闭合差closure闭合导线closed traverse闭合导线closed traverse闭合水准路线closed leveling line闭合水准路线closed leveling line边长中误差mean square error of side length 边交会法linear intersection边角测量triangulateration边角交会法linear-angular intersection边角网triangulateration network边缘检测edge detection边缘增强edge enhancement编绘compilation编绘compilation编绘原图compiled original 编绘原图compiled original变比例投影varioscale projection变换光束测图affine plotting变线仪variomat变形观测控制网control network for deformation observation变形观测控制网control network for deformation observation变形椭圆indicatrix ellipse标称精度nominal accuracy标称精度nominal accuracy标尺rod标尺staff标高差改正correction for skew normals标高差改正correction for skew normals标界测量survey for marking of boundary标志灯，*回光灯signal lamp标准差standard deviation标准配置点Gruber point标准纬线standard parallel冰后回弹post glacial rebound波茨坦重力系统Potsdam gravimetric system波带板zone plate波浪补偿compensation of undulation波浪补偿compensation of undulation波浪补偿heave compensation波浪补偿器，*涌浪滤波器heave compensator波罗-科普原理Porro-Koppe principle波谱测定仪spectrometer波谱集群spectrum cluster波谱特征空间spectrum feature space波谱特征曲线spectrum character curve波谱响应曲线spectrum response curve波束角beam angle波束角wave beam angle泊位Berth补偿器compensator补偿器compensator补偿器补偿误差compensating error of compensator补偿器补偿误差compensating error of compensator布格改正Bouguer correction布格异常Bouguer anomaly布隆斯公式Bruns formula布耶哈马问题Bjerhammar problem采剥工程断面图striping and mining engineering profile采剥工程综合平面图synthetic plan of striping and mining采场测量stope survey采掘工程平面图mining engineering plan采区测量survey in mining panel采区联系测量connection survey in mining panel采区联系测量connection survey in mining panel采样sampling采样间隔sampling interval彩色编码color coding彩色编码color coding彩色变换color transformation彩色变换color transformation彩色复制color reproduction彩色复制color reproduction彩色感光器材color sensitive material彩色感光器材color sensitive material彩色红外片，*假彩色片false color film彩色红外片，*假彩色片color infrared film 彩色红外片，*假彩色片color infrared film 彩色片color film彩色片color film彩色摄影color photography彩色摄影color photography彩色校样color proof彩色校样color proof彩色样图color manuscript彩色样图color manuscript彩色增强color enhancement彩色增强color enhancement彩色坐标系color coordinate system彩色坐标系color coordinate system参考数据reference data参考椭球reference ellipsoid参考效应reference effect参数平差，*间接平差parameter adjustment 侧方交会side intersection侧扫声呐side scan sonar侧视雷达side-locking radar测标[measuring] mark测杆measuring bar测高仪Altimeter测绘标准standards of surveying and mapping测绘联合会International Union of Surveying and Mapping测绘学geomatics测绘学SM测绘学surveying and mapping测绘仪器instrument of surveying and mapping测角中误差mean square error of angle observation测距定位系统，*圆-圆定位系统range positioning system测距雷达range-only radar测距盲区range hole测距仪rangefinder测量标志survey mark测量船survey vessel测量规范specifications of surveys测量控制网surveying control network测量平差adjustment of observation测量平差survey adjustment测量学surveying测流current surveying测流current surveying测深改正correction of depth测深改正correction of depth测深杆sounding pole测深精度total accuracy of sounding测深仪读数精度reading accuracy of sounder测深仪发射参数，*测深仪零线transmiting line of sounder测深仪回波信号echo signal of sounder测深仪记录纸recording paper of sounder测速标marks for measuring velocity测图卫星mapping satellite测微密度计microdensitometer测微目镜micrometer eyepiece测微器micrometer测线survey line测站station测站归心station centring层间改正plate correction觇牌target长度标准检定场standard field of length厂址测量surveying for site selection超导重力仪superconductor gravimeter超焦点距离hyperfocal distance超近摄影测量macrophotogrammetry潮汐表tidal tables潮汐波tidal wave潮汐调和常数tidal harmonic constants潮汐调和分析tidal harmonic analysis潮汐非调和常数tidal nonharmonic constants潮汐非调和分析tidal nonharmonic analysis 潮汐摄动tidal perturbation潮汐因子tidal factor潮汐预报tidal prediction潮信表tidal information panel沉船wreck沉降观测settlement observation成像光谱仪imaging spectrometer成像雷达imaging radar城市测量urban survey城市地形测量urban topographic survey城市地形图topographic map of urban area 城市基础地理信息系统UGIS城市基础地理信息系统urban geographical information system城市控制测量urban control survey城市制图urban mapping乘常数multiplication constant尺度参数scale parameter抽象符号abstract symbol触觉地图tactual map船台，*移动台mobile station垂核面vertical epipolar plane垂核线vertical epipolar line垂球plumb bob垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical垂直角vertical angle垂直折光误差vertical refraction error垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient 垂准仪，*铅垂仪plumb aligner纯重力异常pure gravity anomaly磁变年差annual change of magnetic variation磁测深magnetic sounding磁测深线magnetic sounder磁方位角magnetic azimuth磁力扫海测量magnetic sweeping磁力异常区magnetic anomaly area磁偏角magnetic variation磁倾角magnetic dip磁像限角magnetic bearing磁子午线magnetic meridian粗差gross error粗差检测gross error detection粗码C/A Code粗码Coare/Acquision Code粗码C/A Code粗码Coare/Acquision Code打样Proofing大比例尺测图large scale topographical mapping大潮升spring rise大地测量边值问题geodetic boundary value problem大地测量参考系geodetic reference system 大地测量数据库geodetic database大地测量学geodesy大地测量仪器geodetic instrument大地方位角geodetic azimuth大地高ellipsoidal height大地高geodetic height大地基准geodetic datum大地经度geodetic longitude大地水准面geoid大地水准面高geoidal height大地水准面高geoidal undulation大地天顶延迟atmosphere zenith delay大地天文学geodetic astronomy大地网geodetic network大地纬度geodetic latitude大地线geodesic大地原点geodetic origin大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem大地坐标geodetic coordinate大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system大陆架地形测量continental shelf topographic survey大陆架地形测量continental shelf topographic survey大气传输特性characteristics of atmospheric transmission大气传输特性characteristics of atmospheric transmission大气窗atmospheric window大气改正,*气象改正atmospheric correction 大气透过率atmospheric transmissivity大气噪声atmospheric noise大气阻力摄动atmospheric drag perturbation 大像幅摄影机large format camera大像幅摄影机LFC大洋地势图GEBCO大洋地势图general bathymetric chart of the oceans大圆航线图great circle sailing chart带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics带状平面图zone plan单差相位观测single difference phase observation单点定位point positioning单片坐标量测仪monocomparator单位权unit weight单位权方差，*方差因子variance of unit weight弹道摄影测量ballistic photogrammetry弹道摄影机ballistic camera当地平均海面local mean sea level挡差改正correction of scale difference挡差改正correction of scale difference导标leading beacon 导弹定向测量missile orientation survey导弹试验场工程测量engineering survey of missile test site导航台定位测量navigation station location survey导航台定位测量navigation station location survey导航图navigation chart导航图navigation chart导航线，*叠标线leading line导入高程测量induction height survey导线边traverse leg导线测量traverse survey导线点traverse point导线横向误差lateral error of traverse导线角度闭合差angle closing error of traverse导线结点junction point of traverses导线曲折系数meandering coefficient of traverse导线全长闭合差total length closing error of traverse导线网traverse network导线相对闭合差relative length closing error of traverse导线折角traverse angle导线纵向误差longitudinal error of traverse 岛屿测量island survey岛屿联测island-mainland connection survey 岛屿图island chart倒锤[线]观测，倒锤法inverse plummet observation测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组-2灯[光性]质characteristic of light灯[光性]质characteristic of light灯标light beacon灯船light ship灯船light vessel灯浮标light buoy灯高height of light灯光节奏flashing rhythm of light灯光射程light range灯光遮蔽Eclipse灯光周期light period灯色light color灯塔light house等比线isometric parallel等高距contour interval等高距contour interval等高棱镜contour prism等高棱镜contour prism等高线Contour等高线Contour等高仪astrolabe等积投影equivalent projection等级结构hierarchical organization等角定位格网equiangular positioning grid 等角条件，*正形投影conformal projection 等角条件，*正形投影conformal projection 等精度[曲线]图equiaccuracy chart等距量表interval scaling等距投影equidistant projection等距圆弧格网equilong circle arc grid等量纬度isometric latitude等偏摄影parallel-averted photography等倾摄影equally tilted photography等权代替法method of equalweight substitution等值灰度尺equal value gray scale等值区域图，*分区量值地图choroplethic map等值区域图，*分区量值地图choroplethic map等值线地图isoline map等值线法isoline method低潮线low water line底板测点floor station底点纬度latitude of pedal底色去除under color removal底色增益under color addition底质bottom characteristics底质quality of the bottom底质采样bottom characteristics sampling底质调查bottom characteristics exploration 底质分布图bottom sediment chart地产界测量property boundary survey 地磁经纬仪magnetism theodolite地磁仪magnetometer地底点ground nadir point地固坐标系body-fixed coordinate system地固坐标系earth-fixed coordinate system地基系统ground-based system地极坐标系coordinate system of the pole地极坐标系coordinate system of the pole地籍cadastre地籍cadastre地籍簿land register地籍册cadastral lists地籍册cadastral lists地籍测量cadastral survey地籍测量cadastral survey地籍调查cadastral inventory地籍调查cadastral inventory地籍更新renewal of the cadastre地籍管理cadastral survey manual地籍管理cadastral survey manual地籍图cadastral map地籍图cadastral map地籍修测cadastral revision地籍修测cadastral revision地籍制图cadastral mapping地籍制图cadastral mapping地界测量land boundary survey地壳均衡isostasy地壳均衡改正isostatic correction地壳形变观测crust deformation measurement地壳形变观测crust deformation measurement地块测量parcel survey地类界图land boundary map地理格网geographic grid地理视距geographical viewing distance地理信息传输geographic information communication地理信息系统geographic information system地理信息系统GIS地理坐标geographic graticule地理坐标参考系geographical referencesystem地貌图geomorphological map地貌形态示量图morphometric map地面接收站ground receiving station地面立体测图仪terrestrial stereoplotter地面摄谱仪terrestrial spectrograph地面摄影测量terrestrial photogrammetry地面摄影机terrestrial camera地面实况ground truth地面照度illuminance of ground地名geographical name地名place name地名标准化place-name standardization地名录gazetteer地名数据库place-name database地名索引geographical name index地名通名geographical general name地名学toponomastics地名学toponymy地名转写geographical name transcription地名转写geographical name transliteration 地平线摄影机horizon camera地平线像片horizon photograph地倾斜观测ground tilt measurement地球定向参数earth orientation parameter地球定向参数EOP地球同步卫星geo-synchronous satellite地球椭球earth ellipsoid地球位，*大地位geopotential地球位数geopotential number地球位系数potential coefficient of the earth 地球形状earth shape地球形状Figure of the earth地球仪globe地球引力摄动terrestrial gravitational perturbation地球重力场模型earth gravity model地球资源卫星earth resources technology satellite地球资源卫星ERTS地球自转参数earth rotation parameter地球自转参数ERP地球自转角速度rotational angular velocity of the earth 地势图hypsometric map地图map地图编绘map compilation地图编辑map editing地图编辑大纲map editorial policy地图表示法cartographic presentation地图表示法cartographic presentation地图传输cartographic communication地图传输cartographic communication地图叠置分析map overlay analysis地图分类cartographic classification地图分类cartographic classification地图分析cartographic analysis地图分析cartographic analysis地图符号库map symbols bank地图符号学cartographic semiology地图符号学cartographic semiology地图负载量map load地图复杂性map complexity地图复制map reproduction地图感受map perception地图更新map revision地图集信息系统Atlas information system地图利用map use地图量算法cartometry地图量算法cartometry地图模型，*制图模型cartographic model 地图模型，*制图模型cartographic model 地图内容结构cartographic organization地图内容结构cartographic organization地图判读map interpretation地图评价cartographic evaluation地图评价cartographic evaluation地图潜信息cartographic potential information地图潜信息cartographic potential information地图清晰性map clarity地图色标color chart地图色标color chart地图色标map color standard地图色谱map color atlas地图设计map design地图数据结构map data structure地图数据库cartographic database地图数据库cartographic database地图数字化map digitizing地图投影map projection地图显示map display地图信息cartographic information地图信息cartographic information地图信息系统cartographic information system地图信息系统CIS地图信息系统cartographic information system地图信息系统CIS地图选取cartographic selection地图选取cartographic selection地图学cartography地图学cartography地图研究法cartographic methodology地图研究法cartographic methodology地图易读性map legibility地图印刷map printing地图语法cartographic syntactics地图语法cartographic syntactics地图语言cartographic language地图语言cartographic language地图语义cartographic semantics地图语义cartographic semantics地图语用cartographic pragmatics地图语用cartographic pragmatics地图阅读map reading地图整饰map decoration地图制图map making地图制图软件cartographic software地图制图软件cartographic software地图注记map lettering地下管线测量underground pipeline survey 地下铁道测量subway survey地下铁道测量underground railway survey 地下油库测量underground oil depot survey 地心经度geocentric longitude地心纬度geocentric latitude地心引力常数geocentric gravitational constant地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system 地形测量topographic survey地形底图base map of topography地形改正topographic correction地形数据库topographic database地形图topographic map地形图更新revision of topographic map地形图图式topographic map symbols地震台精密测量precise survey at seismic station地质测量geological survey地质点测量geological point survey地质略图geological scheme地质剖面测量geological profile survey地质剖面图geological section map典型图形平差adjustment of typical figures 点方式point mode点位中误差mean square error of a point点下对中centering under point点下对中centering under point点状符号point symbol电磁波测距electromagnetic distance measurement电磁波测距仪electromagnetic distance measuring instrument电磁传播[时延]改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电磁传播[时延]改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电荷耦合器件CCD电荷耦合器件charge-coupled device电荷耦合器件CCD电荷耦合器件charge-coupled device电离层折射改正ionospheric refraction correction电子测距仪EDM电子测距仪electronic distance measuring instrument电子出版系统electronic publishing system 电子地图集electronic atlas电子分色机color scanner电子分色机color scanner电子海图electronic map电子海图数据库ECDB电子海图数据库electronic chart database电子海图显示和信息系统ECDIS电子海图显示和信息系统electronic chart display and information system电子经纬仪electronic theodolite电子平板仪electronic plane-table电子求积仪electronic planimeter电子水准仪electronic level电子速测仪，*全站仪electronic tachometer 电子显微摄影测量nanophotogrammetry电子显微摄影测量nanophotogrammetry电子相关electronic correlation电子印像机electronic printer调绘Annotation调焦误差error of focusing调频频率modulation frequency调制传递函数modulation transfer function 调制传递函数MTF调制器modulator叠栅条纹图，*莫尔条纹图moirétopography顶板测点roof station定深扫海sweeping at definite depth定位标记positioning mark定位点间距positioning interval定位检索，*开窗检索retrieval by windows 定位统计图表法positioning diagram method定线测量Alignment survey定向连接点connection point定向连接点connection point for orientation 定向连接点connection point定向连接点connection point for orientation 定性检索retrieval by header定影Fixing动感autokinetic effect动画引导animated steering动画制图animated mapping动态定位kinematic positioning独立交会高程点elevation point by independent intersection独立模型法空中三角测量independent model aerial triangulation独立坐标系independent coordinate system 度盘circle 度盘circle断面仪Profiler对景图front view对流层折射改正tropospheric refraction correction对数尺logarithmic scale对中杆centering rod对中杆centering rod多倍仪multiplex多边形地图polygonal map多边形结构polygon structure多边形平差法Adjustment by method of polygon多波束测探multibeam echosounding多波束测探系统multibeam sounding system 多层结构multi layer organization多级纠正multistage rectification多焦点投影polyfocal projection多路径效应multipath effect多媒体地图multimedia map多年平均海面multi-year mean sea level多谱段扫描仪MSS多谱段扫描仪multispectral scanner多谱段摄影multispectral photography多谱段摄影机multispectral camera多谱段遥感multispectral remote sensing多时相分析multi-temporal analysis多时相遥感multi-temporal remote sensing 多星等高法equal-altitude method of multi-star多用途地籍multi-purpose cadastre多余观测redundant observation多圆锥投影polyconic projection厄特沃什效应Eötvös effect二值图像binary image测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组-3发光二极管LED发光二极管light-emitting diode法方程normal equation法方程normal equation法截面normal section法截面normal section法伊改正Faye correction反差Contrast反差Contrast反差系数contrast coefficient反差系数contrast coefficient反差增强contrast enhancement反差增强contrast enhancement反立体效应pseudostereoscopy反射波谱reflectance spectrum反束光导管摄影机return beam vidicon camera反像mirror reverse反像wrong-reading反转片reversal film范围法area method方差-协方差传播律variance-covariance propagation law方差-协方差矩阵variance-covariance matrix 方里网kilometer grid方位角中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位圈compass rose方位圈compass rose方位投影azimuthal projection方向观测法method by series方向观测法method of direction observation 防波堤Breakwater防波堤mole房地产地籍real estates cadastre仿射纠正affine rectification放样测量setting-out survey非地形摄影测量nontopographic photogrammetry非地形摄影测量nontopographic photogrammetry非监督分类unsupervised classification非量测摄影机non-metric camera非量测摄影机non-metric camera菲列罗公式Ferrero's formula分版原图Flaps分瓣投影interrupted projection分层layer分层设色表graduation of tints分层设色法hypsometric layer分潮Constituent 分潮Constituent分潮迟角epoch of partial tide分潮振幅amplitude of partial tide分带纠正zonal rectification分带子午线zone dividing meridian分类器classifier分类器classifier分区统计图表法cartodiagram method分区统计图表法chorisogram method分区统计图表法cartodiagram method分区统计图表法chorisogram method分区统计图表法，*等值区域法cartogram method分区统计图表法，*等值区域法cartogram method分区统计图法，*等值区域法choroplethic method分区统计图法，*等值区域法choroplethic method分色，*分色参考图color separation分色，*分色参考图color separation分析地图analytical map风讯信号杆wind signal pole浮标Buoy浮雕影像地图picto-line map浮子验潮仪float gauge符号化symbolization辐射三角测量radial triangulation辐射线格网radial positioning grid辐射校正radiometric correction辐射遥感器radiation sensor负荷潮load tide负片negative负片negative附参数条件平差condition adjustment with parameters附参数条件平差condition adjustment with parameters附合导线connecting traverse附合导线connecting traverse附合水准路线annexed leveling line附加位additional potential附条件参数平差，*附条件间接平差parameter adjustment with conditions复测法repetition method复垦测量reclaimation survey复照仪reproduction camera副台slave station概率判决函数Probability decision function 概然误差probable error干出礁covers and uncovers rock干出礁covers and uncovers rock干涉雷达INSAR干涉雷达interometry SAR感光sensitization感光材料sensitive material感光测定sensitometry感光度sensitivity感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic transmission感光特性曲线characteristic curve of photographic transmission感受效果perceptual effect港界harbor boundary港口port港口工程测量harbor engineering survey港湾测量harbor survey港湾锚地图集harbor/anchorage atlas港湾图harbor chart高差仪statoscope高程height高程导线height traverse高程点elevation point高程基准height datum高程控制测量vertical control survey高程控制点vertical control point高程控制网vertical control network高程系统height system高程异常height anomaly高程中误差mean square error of height高度角altitude angle高度角elevation angle高密度数字磁带HDDT高密度数字磁带high density digital tape高斯-克吕格投影Gauss-Krüger projection 高斯平面子午线收敛角Gauss grid convergence高斯平面坐标系Gauss plane coordinate system高斯投影方向改正arc-to-chord correction in Gauss projection高斯中纬度公式Gauss midlatitude formula 格网单元cell格网单元cell跟踪数字化tracing digitizing工厂现状图测量survey of present state at industrial site工程测量engineering survey工程测量学engineering surveying工程经纬仪engineer's theodolite工程控制网engineering control network工程摄影测量engineering photogrammetry 工程水准仪engineer's level工业测量系统industrial measuring system 工业摄影测量industrial photogrammetry公路工程测量road engineering survey功率谱power spectrum共面方程coplanarity equation共面方程coplanarity equation共线方程collinearity equation共线方程collinearity equation构像方程imaging equation古地图ancient map骨架航线，*构架航线,测控条control strip 骨架航线，*构架航线,测控条control strip 固定平极fixed mean pole固定误差fixed error固定相移fixed phase drift固体潮[solid] Earth tide固体激光器solid-state laser管道测量pipe survey管道综合图synthesis chart of pipelines贯通测量holing through survey贯通测量breakthrough survey惯性测量系统inertial surveying system惯性测量系统ISS惯性坐标系inertial coordinate system惯用点conventional name惯用点conventional name灌区平面布置图irrigation layout plan光电测距导线EDM traverse光电测距仪electro-optical distancemeasuring instrument光电等高仪photoelectric astrolabe光电遥感器photoelectric sensor光电中星仪photoelectric transit instrument 光碟，*光盘CD光碟，*光盘compact disc光碟，*光盘CD光碟，*光盘compact disc光谱感光度，*光谱灵敏度spectral sensitivity光圈,*有效孔径Aperture光圈号数f-number光圈号数stop-number光束法空中三角测量bundle aerial triangulation光栅grating广播星历broadcast ephemeris归化纬度reduced latitude归心改正correction for centering归心改正correction for centering归心元素elements of centring龟纹moire规划地图planning map规矩线register mark国际测绘联合会IUSM国际测量师联合会Fédération Internationale des Géométres国际测量师联合会FIG国际大地测量协会IAG国际大地测量协会International Association of Geodesy国际大地测量与地球物理联合会International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics国际大地测量与地球物理联合会IUGG国际地球参考架international terrestrial reference frame国际地球参考架ITRF国际地球自转服务局IERS国际地球自转服务局International Earth Rotation Service国际海道测量组织IHO国际海道测量组织International Hydrography Organization 国际海图international chart国际航天测量与地球学学院ITC国际矿山测量学会International Society of Mine Surveying国际摄影测量与遥感学会International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote S国际摄影测量与遥感学会ISPRS国际天球参考架ICRF国际天球参考架international celestial reference frame国际协议原点CIO国际协议原点Conventional International Origin国际协议原点CIO国际协议原点Conventional International Origin国际原子时IAT国际原子时international atomic time国际制图协会ICA国际制图协会International Cartographic Association国家地图集national atlas国家地图集national atlas国家基础地理信息系统national fundamental geographic information system 国家基础地理信息系统national fundamental geographic information system 海[洋]图集marine atlas海岸coast海岸coast海岸地形测量coast topographic survey海岸地形测量coast topographic survey海岸图coast chart海岸图coast chart海岸线coast line海岸线coast line海岸性质nature of the coast海岸性质nature of the coast海拔height above sea level海道测量，*水道测量hydrographic survey 海道测量学，*水道测量学hydrography海底成像系统seafloor imaging system海底地貌submarine geomorphology海底地貌图submarine geomorphologic chart海底地势图submarine situation chart海底地形测量bathymetric surveying海底地形图bathymetric chart海底地质构造图submarine structural chart 海底电缆submarine cable海底管道submarine pipeline海底控制网submarine control network海底倾斜改正seafloor slope correction海底声标acoustic beacon on bottom海底施工测量submarine construction survey海底隧道测量submarine tunnel survey海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System海军导航卫星系统NNSS海军导航卫星系统Navy Navigation Satellite System海军导航卫星系统NNSS海军勤务测量naval service survey海军勤务测量naval service survey海控点hydrographic control point海流计current meter海流计current meter海面地形sea surface topography海区界线sea area bounding line海区资料调查sea area information investigation海区总图general chart of the sea海图Chart海图Chart海图比例尺Chart scale海图比例尺Chart scale海图编号Chart numbering海图编号Chart numbering海图编制Chart compilation海图编制Chart compilation海图标题Chart title海图标题Chart title海图大改正Chart large correction海图大改正Chart large correction海图分幅Chart subdivision海图分幅Chart subdivision海图改正Chart correction 海图改正Chart correction海图投影Chart projection海图投影Chart projection海图图廓Chart boarder海图图廓Chart boarder海图图式symbols and abbreviations on chart 海图小改正Chart small correction海图小改正Chart small correction海图制图charting海图制图charting海图注记lettering of chart海洋测绘marine charting海洋测绘数据库marine charting database海洋测量marine survey海洋测量定位marine survey positioning海洋磁力测量marine magnetic survey海洋磁力图marine magnetic chart海洋磁力异常marine magnetic anomaly海洋大地测量marine geodetic survey海洋大地测量学marine geodesy海洋工程测量marine engineering survey海洋划界测量marine demarcation survey海洋环境图marine environmental chart海洋气象图marine meteorological chart海洋生物图marine biological chart海洋水文图marine hydrological chart海洋水准测量marine leveling海洋卫星Seasat海洋质子采样器marine bottom proton sampler海洋质子磁力仪marine proton magnetometer海洋重力测量marine gravimetry海洋重力仪marine gravimeter海洋重力异常marine gravity anomaly海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly海洋重力异常图Chart of marine gravity anomaly海洋专题测量marine thematic survey海洋资源图marine resource chart航标表list of lights航带法空中三角测量strip aerial triangulation航道channel航道channel航道fairway航道图navigation channel chart航道图navigation channel chart航高flight height航高flying height航海天文历nautical almanac航海天文历nautical almanac航海通告NM航海通告notice to mariners航海通告NM航海通告notice to mariners航海图nautical chart航海图nautical chart航迹track航空摄谱仪aerial spectrograph航空摄影aerial photography航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerophotogrammetry航空摄影机aerial camera航空图aeronautical chart航空遥感aerial remote sensing航空重力测量airborne gravity measurement 航路指南sailing directions航路指南SD航摄计划flight plan of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄领航navigation of aerial photography航摄漏洞aerial photographic gap航摄软片aerial film航摄像片,航空像片aerial photograph航摄质量quality of aerophotography航速speed航天飞机space shuttle航天摄影space photography航天摄影测量，*太空摄影测量space photogrammetry航天遥感space remote sensing航向course航向course航向倾角longitudinal tilt航向倾角pitch航向重叠end overlap 航向重叠fore-and-aft overlap航向重叠forward overlap航向重叠longitudinal overlap航行通告notice to navigator航行通告notice to navigator航行图sailing chart航行障碍物navigation obstruction航行障碍物navigation obstruction合成地图synthetic map合成孔径雷达SAR合成孔径雷达synthetic aperture radar合点控制vanishing point control河道整治测量river improvement survey河外致密射电源，*类星体extragalactic compact radio source核点epipole核面epipolar plane核线epipolar line核线epipolar ray核线相关epipolar correlation盒式分类法box classification method黑白片black-and-white film黑白摄影black-and-white photography恒时钟sidereal clock恒星摄影机stellar camera恒星时sidereal time恒星中天测时法method of time determination by star transit横断面测量cross-section survey横断面测量cross-section survey横断面图cross-section profile横断面图cross-section profile横轴投影transverse projection红外测距仪infrared EDM instrument红外辐射计infrared radiometer红外片infrared film红外扫描仪infrared scanner红外摄影infrared photography红外图像infrared imagery红外遥感infrared remote sensing后方交会resection湖泊测量lake survey互补色地图anaglyphic map互补色镜anaglyphoscope。
测绘类词汇中英文对照(2)
测绘类词汇中英文对照（２）开采沉陷观测mining subsidence observation开采沉陷图map of mining subsidence开窗windowing勘测设计阶段测量survey in reconnaissance and design stage 勘探基线prospecting baseline勘探网测设prospecting network layout勘探线测量prospecting line survey勘探线剖面图prospecting line profile map康索尔海图Consol chart康索尔海图Consol chart抗差估计，*稳健估计robust estimation考古摄影测量archaeological photogrammetry克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid克莱罗定理Clairaut theorem克莱罗定理Clairaut theorem刻绘scribing刻图仪scriber坑道平面图Adit planimetric坑探工程测量Adit prospecting engineering survey空基系统space-based system空间大地测量学space geodesy空间改正free-air correction空间后方交会space resection空间前方交会space intersection空间试验室Spacelab空间数据管理系统spatial database management system空间数据基础设施SDI空间数据基础设施spatial data infrastructure空间数据转换spatial data transfer空间信息可视化visualization of spatial information空间异常free-air anomaly空中导线测量aerophotogonometry空中三角测量aerotriangulation空中水准测量aeroleveling控制测量control survey控制测量control survey控制点control point控制点control point库容测量reservoir storage survey跨河水准测量river-crossing leveling块状图block diagram快门shutter矿产图map of mineral deposits矿场平面图mining yard plan矿区控制测量control survey of mining area矿区控制测量control survey of mining area矿山测量mine survey矿山测量交换图exchanging documents of mining survey 矿山测量图mining map矿山测量学mine surveying矿山经纬仪mining theodolite矿体几何[学] mineral deposits geometry矿体几何制图geometrisation of ore body框标fiducial mark框幅摄影机frame camera拉普拉斯点Laplace point拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth兰勃特投影Lambert projection蓝底图blue key浪花Breaker勒夫数Love's number雷达测高仪radar altimeter雷达覆盖区radar overlay雷达应答器radar responder雷达指向标radar ramark类别视觉感受perceptual groupings类型地图typal map离心力centrifugal force离心力centrifugal force离心力位potential of centrifugal force礼炮号航天站Salyut Space Station理论地图学theoretical cartography理论最低低潮面lowest normal low water理论最高潮面highest normal high water历史地图historic map历元平极mean pole of the epoch立标Beacon立井导入高程测量induction height survey through shaft 立井定向测量shaft orientation survey立井激光指向[法] laser guide of vertical shaft立体测图仪stereoplotter立体地图relief map立体观测stereoscopic observation立体观测模型stereoscopic model立体镜stereoscope立体判读仪stereointerpretoscope立体摄影测量stereophotogrammetry立体摄影机stereocamera立体摄影机stereometric camera立体视觉stereoscopic vision立体像对stereopair立体坐标量测量stereocomparator粒子加速器测量particle accelerator survey 连接点tie point连续调continuous tone连续调continuous tone连续对比successive contrast连续方式continuous mode连续方式continuous mode连续减光板continuous attenuator连续减光板continuous attenuator帘幕式快门，*焦面快门curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门curtain shutter帘幕式快门，*焦面快门focal plane shutter 联测比对comparison survey联测比对comparison survey联合平差combined adjustment联合平差combined adjustment联盟号宇宙飞船Soyuz Spacecraft联系测量connection survey联系测量connection survey联系三角形法connection triangle method 联系三角形法connection triangle method 联系数correlate联系数correlate亮度lightness量测摄影机metric camera量底法quantity base method量化quantization量化quantizing裂缝观测fissure observation邻带方里网grid of neighboring zone邻图拼接比对comparison with adjacent chart邻图拼接比对comparison with adjacent chart邻元法neighborhood method邻元法neighborhood method林业测量forest survey林业基本图forest basic map零[位]线改正correction of zero line零[位]线改正correction of zero line零漂改正correction of zero drift零漂改正correction of zero drift零相位效应zero-phase effect领海基线测量territorial sea baseline survey六分仪sextant鲁洛夫斯太阳棱镜Roelofs solar prism陆地卫星Landsat滤光片Filter旅游地图tourist map略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面Indian spring low water 略最低低潮面，*印度大潮低潮面lower low water罗经[校正]标compass adjustment beacon罗经[校正]标compass adjustment beacon罗兰-C定位系统Loran-C positioning system罗兰海图Loran chart罗盘经纬仪compass theodolite罗盘经纬仪compass theodolite罗盘仪compass罗盘仪compass罗盘仪测量compass survey罗盘仪测量compass survey逻辑兼容，*逻辑一致性logical consistency芒塞尔色系Munsell color system锚地Anchorage锚位anchorage berth卯酉面prime vertical plane卯酉圈prime vertical卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical 蒙绘mask artwork蒙绘，*透写图tracing蒙片mask面水准测量area leveling面状符号area symbol瞄直法sighting line method名义量表nominal scaling名义量表nominal scaling明礁bare rock模糊分类法fuzzy classifier method模糊影像fuzzy image模拟磁带analog tape模拟地图analog map模拟法测图analog photogrammetric plotting模拟空中三角测量analog aerotriangulation模拟立体测图仪analog stereoplotter模拟摄影测量analog photogrammetry模式识别pattern recognition模型连接bridging of model模型缩放scaling of model模型置平leveling of model莫洛坚斯基公式Molodensky formula莫洛坚斯基理论Molodensky theory墨卡托海图Mercator chart墨卡托投影Mercator projection目标发射器target reflector目标区target area目视判读visual interpretation目视天顶仪visual zenith telescope内部定向interior orientation能见度visibility能见敏锐度visibility acuity拟稳平差quasi-stable adjustment逆转点法reversal points method年平均海面annual mean sea level鸟瞰图bird's eye view map欧洲遥感卫星ERS欧洲遥感卫星Europe Remote Sensing Satellite 偶然误差accident error偶然误差random error判读，*判释，*解释interpretation判读仪interpretoscope旁向倾角lateral tilt旁向倾角roll旁向重叠lateral overlap旁向重叠side lap旁向重叠side overlap偏角法method of deflection angle偏振光立体观察vectograph method of stereoscopic viewing 频率误差frequency error频偏frequency offset频漂frequency drift平板仪plane-table平板仪测量plane-table survey平板仪导线plane-table traverse平差值adjusted value平衡潮equilibrium tide平极mean pole平均地球椭球mean earth ellipsoid平均海[水]面mean sea level平均海面归算seasonal correction of mean sea level平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature平均误差average error平均运动mean motion平面控制点horizontal control point平面控制网，*水平控制网horizontal control network平面曲线测设plane curve location平面图plane平面坐标horizontal coordinate平时钟mean-time clock平行圈parallel circle平移参数translation parameters平整土地测量survey for land consolidation平整土地测量survey for land smoothing屏幕地图screen map坡度测设grade location坡面经纬仪slope theodolite剖面图Profiles普拉烈系统PRARE普拉烈系统Precise Range and Rangerate Equipment 普通地图general map普通地图集general atlas普通海图general chart曝光exposure气体激光器gas laser气象代表误差meteorological representation error恰可察觉差JND恰可察觉差just noticeable difference千米尺kilometer scale铅垂线plumb line前方交会[forward] intersection钱德勒摆动Chandler wobble钱德勒摆动Chandler wobble浅地层剖面仪sub-bottom profiler浅色调tint浅滩shoal桥墩定位location of pier桥梁测量bridge survey桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁轴线测设bridge axis location切线支距法tangent off-set method切向畸变tangential distortion切向畸变tangential lens distortion倾斜观测tilt observation倾斜位移tilt displacement倾斜仪clinometer倾斜仪clinometer清绘fair drawing求积仪planimeter求积仪platometer球面投影stereographic projection球心投影，*大环投影gnomonic projection区划地图regionalization map区域地图集regional atlas区域地质调查regional geological survey区域地质图regional geological map区域网平差block adjustment曲线光滑line smoothing全景畸变panoramic distortion全景摄影panoramic photography全景摄影机panorama camera全景摄影机panoramic camera全能法测图universal method of photogrammetric mapping 全球导航卫星系统Global Navigation Satellite System全球导航卫星系统GLONASS全球定位系统global positioning system全球定位系统GPS全色红外片panchromatic infrared film全色片panchromatic film全息摄影hologram photography全息摄影holography全息摄影测量hologrammetry全组合测角法method in all combinations权weight权函数weight function权矩阵weight matrix权逆阵inverse of weight matrix权系数weight coefficient热辐射thermal radiation热红外线图像thermal infrared imagery热红外线图像thermal IR imagery人工标志[点] artificial target人机交互处理interactive processing人口地图population map人文地图human map人仪差personal and instrumental equation认知制图cognitive mapping认知制图cognitive mapping任意比例尺arbitrary scale任意投影arbitrary projection任意轴子午线arbitrary axis meridian日月引力摄动lunisolar gravitational perturbation 冗余码redundant code冗余信息redundant information儒略日Julian Day三边测量trilateration survey三边网trilateration network三差相位观测triple difference phase observation 三杆分度仪three-arm protractor三角测量triangulation三角点triangulation point三角高程测量trigonometric leveling三角高程导线polygonal height traverse三角高程网trigonometric leveling network三角基座tribrach三角锁triangulation chain三角网triangulation network三脚架tripod三维地景仿真three-dimensional terrain simulation 三维网three-dimensional network扫海测量sweep扫海测量wire drag survey扫海测深仪sweeping sounder扫海具sweeper扫海区swept area扫海深度sweeping depth扫海趟sweeping trains扫雷区mine-sweeping area扫描数字化scan-digitizing扫描仪scanner色彩管理系统color management system色彩管理系统color management system色调tone色环color wheel色环color wheel色盲片achromatic film色相hue森林分布图forest distribution map晒版plate copying晒版printing down闪闭法立体观察blinking method of stereoscopic viewing 扇谐系数coefficient of sectorial harmonics扇谐系数coefficient of sectorial harmonics熵编码entropy coding上下视差vertical parallax上下视差y-parallax摄谱仪spectrograph摄影比例尺photographic scale摄影测量畸变差，*畸变差photogrammetric distortion摄影测量内插photogrammetric interpolation摄影测量学photogrammetry摄影测量仪器photogrammetric instrument摄影测量与遥感学photogrammetry and remote sensing 摄影测量坐标系photogrammetric coordinate system摄影处理photographic processing摄影分区flight block摄影航线flight line of aerial photography摄影机检校camera caliberation摄影机检校camera caliberation摄影机主距principal distance of camera摄影基线air base摄影基线photographic baseline摄影经纬仪camera transit摄影经纬仪camera transit摄影经纬仪photo theodolite摄影学photography摄站camera station摄站camera station摄站exposure station伸缩仪extensometer深度基准sounding datum深度基准面保证率assuring rate of depth datum深色调shade甚长基线干涉测量very long baseline interferometry生物量指标变换biomass index transformation生物医学摄影测量biomedical photogrammetry声呐扫海sonar sweeping声呐图像sonar image声速改正correction of sounding wave velocity声速改正correction of sounding wave velocity声速计velociment声图判读interpretation of echograms声学多普勒海流剖面仪acoustic Doppler current profiler 声学多普勒海流剖面仪ADCP声学水位计acoustic water level失锁loss of lock施工测量construction survey施工测量construction survey施工方格网square control network施工控制网construction control network施工控制网construction control network石英弹簧重力仪quartz spring gravimeter石油勘探测量petroleum exploration survey时号time signal时号改正数correction to time signal时号改正数correction to time signal时钟频率clock frequency时钟频率clock frequency识别码identification code实时处理real-time processing实时摄影测量real-time photogrammetry 实用地图学applied cartography矢量绘图vector plotting矢量数据vector data矢量重力测量vector gravimetry世界地图集world atlas世界时universal time世界时UT市政工程测量public engineering survey 示坡线slope line视差Parallax视场对比simultaneous contrast视地平线apparent horizon视距sighting distance视距乘常数stadia multiplication constant 视距导线stadia traverse视距加常数stadia addition constant视觉变量visual variable视觉层次visual hierarchy视觉对比visual contrast视觉分辨敏锐度resolution acuity视觉立体地图stereoscopic map视觉平衡visual balance视模型perceived model视线高程elevation of sight视准线法collimation line method视准线法collimation line method适淹礁rock awash适应性水平adaptation level收时time receiving手持水准仪hand level首曲线intermediate contour艏向heading输电线路测量power transmission line survey输油管道测量petroleum pipeline survey鼠标[器] mouse竖盘指标差index error of vertical circle竖盘指标差vertical collimation error竖曲线测设vertical curve location竖直摄影vertical photography数量感quantitative perception数学地图学mathematical cartography数值地籍numerical cadastre数值地籍numerical cadastre数字地图产品标准product standard of digital map双标准纬线投影projection with two standard parallels 双介质摄影测量two-medium photogrammetry双曲线导航图hyperbolic navigation chart双曲线定位，*测距差定位hyperbolic positioning双曲线定位系统hyperbolic positioning system双曲线格网hyperbolic positioning grid双色激光测距仪two-color laser ranger双向航道two-way route水尺tide staff水库测量reservoir survey水库淹没线测设setting-out of reservoir flooded line水雷[危险]区mine [dangerous] area水利工程测量hydrographic engineering survey水面水准surface level水平角horizontal angle水平折光差horizontal refraction error水汽辐射仪water vapor radiometer水深soundings水深测量sounding水深测量自动化系统automatic hydrographic survey system 水声定位acoustic positioning水声定位系统acoustic positioning system水声全息系统acoustic holography system水声应答器acoustic responder水铊lead水听器hydrophorce水位water level水位分带改正correction of tidal zoning水位分带改正correction of tidal zoning水位改正correction of water level水位改正correction of water level水位曲线curves of water level水位曲线curves of water level水位遥报仪communication device of water level水位遥报仪communication device of water level水文观测，*水文测验hydrometry水文要素hydrologic features水下摄影测量underwater photogrammetry水下摄影机underwater camera水准测量leveling surveying水准尺leveling staff水准点Benchmark水准路线leveling line水准面level surface水准器Bubble水准网leveling network水准仪，*水准器level水准原点leveling origin瞬间地图twinkling map瞬时极instantaneous pole瞬时视场IFOV瞬时视场instantaneous field of view丝网印刷silk-screen printing斯托克斯公式Stokes formula斯托克斯理论Stokes theory撕膜片peel-coat film四色印刷four color printing似大地水准面quasi-geoid搜索区searching area岁差precession隧道测量tunnel survey穗帽变换tasseled cap transformation缩微地图microfilm map缩微摄影microcopying缩微摄影microphotography缩小仪photoreducer塔尔科特测纬度法Talcott method of latitude determination台链station chain太阳辐射波谱solar radiation spectrum太阳光压摄动solar radiation pressure perturbation太阳同步卫星sun-synchronous satellite态势地图posture map特殊水深special depth特征feature特征编码feature coding特征码feature codes特征码清单feature codes menu特征提取feature extraction特征选择feature selection特种地图particular map体素voxel天波干扰sky-wave interference天波修正sky-wave correction天顶距zenith angle天顶距zenith distance天球坐标系celestial coordinate system天球坐标系celestial coordinate system天文大地垂线偏差astro-geodetic deflection of the vertical 天文大地网astro-geodetic network天文大地网平差Adjustment of astrogeodetic network天文点astronomical point天文定位系统astronomical positioning system天文方位角astronomical azimuth天文经度astronomical longitude天文经纬仪astronomical theodolite天文年历astronomical almanac天文年历astronomical ephemeris天文水准astronomical leveling天文纬度astronomical latitude天文重力水准astro-gravimetric leveling天文坐标测量仪astronomical coordinate measuring instrument 天线高度antenna height田谐系数coefficient of tesseral harmonics田谐系数coefficient of tesseral harmonics条幅[航带]摄影机continuous strip camera条幅[航带]摄影机continuous strip camera条幅[航带]摄影机strip camera条件方程condition equation条件方程condition equation条件平差condition adjustment条件平差condition adjustment铁路工程测量railroad engineering survey通用横墨尔卡投影Universal Transverse Mercator projection 通用极球面投影Universal Polar Stereographic projection通用极球面投影UPS通用墨卡尔投影UTM同步观测simultaneous observation同步验潮tidal synobservation同名光线corresponding image rays同名光线corresponding image rays同名核线corresponding epipolar line同名核线corresponding epipolar line同名像点corresponding image points同名像点corresponding image points同名像点homologous image points统计地图statistic map投影变换projection transformation投影差height displacement投影差relied displacement投影方程projection equation投影器Projector投影器主距principal distance of projector投影晒印projection printing透光率transmittance透明负片transparent negative透明正片transparent positive透明注记stick-up lettering透视截面法perspective traces透视投影perspective projection透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律Chasles theorem透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律Chasles theorem透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律rotation axiom of the perspective 透视旋转定律，*沙尔定律rotational theorem图幅mapsheet图幅编号sheet designation图幅编号sheet number图幅接边edge matching图幅接合表index diagram图幅接合表sheet index图根点mapping control point图根控制mapping control图解纠正graphical rectification图解图根点graphic mapping control point图廓edge of the format图廓map border图历簿mapping recorded file图例legend图面配置map layout图象picture图像编码image coding图像变换image transformation图像处理image processing图像分割image segmentation图像分析image analysis图像复合image overlaying图像几何纠正geometric rectification of imagery 图像几何配准geometric registration of imagery 图像理解image understanding图像描述image description图像识别image recognition图像数字化image digitization图像增强image enhancement图形graphics图形-背景辨别F-G discrimination图形-背景辨别Figure-ground discrimination图形符号graphic symbol图形记号graphic sign图形权倒数weight reciprocal figure图形元素graphic elements土地规划测量land planning survey土地利用现状图present landuse map土地信息系统land information system土地信息系统LIS推荐航线recommended route托帕可斯卫星T/P托帕克斯卫星TOPEX/POSEIDON拖底扫海aground sweeping陀螺定向光电测距导线gyrophic EDM traverse陀螺方位角gyro azimuth陀螺经纬仪gyro theodolite陀螺经纬仪gyroscopic theodolite陀螺仪定向测量gyrostatic orientation survey椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid椭球长半轴，*地球长半轴semimajor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴，*地球短半轴semiminor axis of ellipsoid 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid拓扑地图topological map拓扑关系topological relation拓扑检索topological retrieval外部定向exterior orientation网点stipple网格地图grid map网格法grid method网格结构grid structure网屏screen网纹片transparent foil网线ruling危险界限limiting danger line微波测距仪microwave distance measuring instrument 微波辐射microwave radiation微波辐射计microwave radiometer微波图像microwave imagery微波遥感microwave remote sensing微波遥感器microwave remote sensor微重力测量microgravimetry维纳频谱Winer spectrum维宁•曼尼斯公式V ening-Meinesz formula伪彩色图像pseudo-color image伪等值线地图pseudo-isoline map伪距测量pseudo-range measurement卫星测高satellite altimetry卫星大地测量satellite geodesy卫星定位satellite positioning卫星多普勒[频移]测量satellite Doppler shift measurement卫星多普勒定位satellite Doppler positioning卫星高度satellite altitude卫星跟踪卫星技术satellite-to-satellite tracking卫星跟踪卫星技术SST卫星跟踪站satellite tracking station卫星共振分析analysis of satellite resonance卫星构形satellite configuration卫星-惯导组合定位系统satellite-inertial guidance integrated positioning sy卫星轨道改进improvement of satellite orbit卫星激光测距satellite laser ranging卫星激光测距，侧视雷达SLR卫星激光测距仪satellite laser ranger卫星-声学组合定位系统satellite-acoustics integrated positioning system卫星受摄运动perturbed motion of satellite卫星像片图satellite photo map卫星星下点sub-satellite point卫星运动方程equation of satellite motion卫星重力梯度测量satellite gradiometry卫星姿态satellite attitude位置[线交]角intersection angle of LOP位置函数，*坐标函数position function位置精度positional accuracy位置线line of position位置线LOP位置线方程equation of LOP文化地图cultural map文化地图cultural map纹理分析texture analysis纹理增强texture enhancement沃尔什变换Walsh transformation无线电定位radio positioning无线电航行警告radio navigational warning无线电指向标，*电指向radio beacon无线电指向标表list of radio beacon五角棱镜pentaprism物镜分辨力resolving power of lens物理大地测量学，*大地重力学physical geodesy 误差检验error test误差理论theory of errors误差椭圆error ellipse雾[信]号fog signal系列地图series maps系统集成system integration系统误差systematic error弦线支距法Chord off-set method弦线支距法Chord off-set method显微摄影photomicrography现势地图up-to-data map线路平面图route plan线路水准测量route leveling线路中线测量center line survey线路中线测量center line survey线路中线测量location of route线纹米尺，*日内瓦尺standard meter线形锁linear triangulation chain线形网linear triangulation network线性调频脉冲Chirp线性调频脉冲Chirp线阵遥感器linear array sensor线阵遥感器pushbroom sensor线状符号line symbol限差tolerance限航区restricted area乡村规划测量rural planning survey相对定位relative positioning相对定向relative orientation相对定向元素element of relative orientation相对航高relative flying height相对论改正relativistic correction相对误差relative error相对重力测量relative gravity measurement相干声呐测深系统interferometric seabed inspection sonar 相关平差Adjustment of correlated observation相关器correlator相关器correlator相位传递函数phase transfer function相位传递函数PTF相位多值性phase ambiguity相位模糊度解算phase ambiguity resolution相位漂移phase drift相位稳定性phase stability相位周，*巷lane相位周，*巷phase cycle相位周值，*巷宽lane width相位周值，*巷宽phase cycle value镶嵌索引图index mosaic巷道验收测量footage measurement of workings象限仪quadrant象形符号replicative symbol像场角angular field of view像等角点isocenter of photograph像底点photo nadir point像地平线，*合线horizon trace像地平线，*合线image horizon像地平线，*合线vanishing line像幅picture format像空间坐标系image space coordinate system像片photo像片photograph像片比例尺photo scale像片地质判读，*像片地质解译geological interpretation of photograph 像片方位角azimuth of photograph像片方位元素photo orientation elements像片基线photo base像片纠正photo rectification像片内方位元素elements of interior orientation 像片判读photo interpretation像片平面图photoplan像片倾角tilt angle of photograph像片外方位元素elements of exterior orientation 像片镶嵌photo mosaic像片旋角swing angle像片旋角yaw像片主距principal distance of photo像平面坐标系photo coordinate system像移补偿image motion compensation像移补偿IMC像元pixel像主点principal point of photograph像主纵线principal line [of photograph]销钉定位法stud registration小潮升neap rise小潮升neap rise小角度法minor angle method小像幅航空摄影SFAP小像幅航空摄影small format aerial photography 协调世界时coordinate universal time协调世界时coordinate universal time协调世界时UTC协调世界时时号time signal in UTC协方差函数covariance function协方差函数covariance function心象地图mental map新版海图new edition of chart新版海图new edition of chart信号杆signal pole信息量contents of information信息量contents of information信息提取information extraction信息属性information attribute星载遥感器satellite-borne sensor行差run error行星大地测量学planetary geodesy行政区划图administrative map修版retouching虚地图virtual map虚拟地景virtual landscape序惯平差sequential adjustment悬式经纬仪hanging theodolite旋转参数rotation parameters选取限额norm for selection选取限额norm for selection选取指标index for selection选权迭代法iteration method with variable weights寻北器north-finding instrument寻北器north-finding instrument寻北器polar finder压力验潮仪pressure gauge亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会PCGIAP亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific严密平差rigorous adjustment沿海测量coastwise survey沿海测量coastwise survey颜色空间color space颜色空间color space验潮tidal observation验潮仪tide-meter验潮站tidal station验潮站零点zero point of the tidal阳像positive image遥感remote sensing遥感测深remote sensing sounding遥感模式识别pattern recognition of remote sensing 遥感平台remote sensing platform遥感数据获取remote sensing data acquisition遥感制图remote sensing mapping野外地质图field geological map野外填图field mapping因瓦基线尺invar baseline wire阴像negative image阴像negative image引潮力tide-generating force引潮位tide-generating potential引航图集pilot atlas引力gravitation引力位gravitational potential引水锚地pilot anchorage引张线法method of tension wire alignment印刷版printing plate荧光地图fluorescent map影像image影像imagery影像地质图geological photomap影像分辨力image resolution影像分辨力resolving power of image 影像复原image restoration影像金字塔image pyramid影像匹配image matching影像融合image fusion影像数据库image database影像相关image correlation影像镶嵌image mosaic影像质量image quality游艇用图smallcraft chart游艇用图yacht chart渔礁fishing rock渔堰fishing haven渔业用图fishing chart渔栅fishing stake宇宙制图cosmic mapping宇宙制图cosmic mapping预报地图Prognostic map预打样图pre-press proof预制符号preprinted symbol预制感光板，*PS 版presensitized plate 原子钟atomic clock圆曲线测设circular curve location圆曲线测设circular curve location圆-圆定位，*距离-距离定位range-range positioning圆柱投影cylindrical projection圆柱投影cylindrical projection圆锥投影conic projection圆锥投影conic projection远程定位系统long-range positioning system远海测量pelagic survey月平均海面monthly mean sea level月球轨道飞行器lunar orbiter运动方程分析解analytical solution of motion equation 运动方程数值解numerical solution of motion equation 运动方程数值解numerical solution of motion equation 运动线法Arrowhead method晕滃法hachuring晕渲法hill shading载波相位测量carrier phase measurement载波相位测量carrier phase measurement再分结构subdivisional organization凿井施工测量construction survey for shaft sinking凿井施工测量construction survey for shaft sinking栅格绘图raster plotting栅格数据raster data站心坐标系topocentric coordinate system章动nutation章动nutation照相排字机phototypesetter照相制版镜头printer lens照相制版镜头process lens照准点sighting point照准点归心sighting centring真地平线，*真水平线true horizon真实孔径雷达real-aperture radar真误差true error真子午线true meridian整体大地测量integrated geodesy整体感associative perception整体结构extensional organization正常高normal height正常高normal height正常水椭球，*水准椭球normal level ellipsoid 正常水椭球，*水准椭球normal level ellipsoid 正常引力位normal gravitation potential正常引力位normal gravitation potential正常重力normal gravity正常重力normal gravity正常重力场normal gravity field正常重力场normal gravity field正常重力公式normal gravity formula正常重力公式normal gravity formula正常重力位normal gravity potential正常重力位normal gravity potential正常重力线normal gravity line正常重力线normal gravity line正方形分幅square mapsubdivision正片positive正象right-reading正直摄影normal case photography正直摄影normal case photography正轴投影normal projection正轴投影normal projection郑和航海图Zheng He's Nautical Chart政治地图political map支水准路线spur leveling line直方图规格化histogram specification直方图均衡histogram equalization直角坐标网rectangular grid志田数Shida'a number制图分级cartographic hierarchy制图分级cartographic hierarchy制图简化cartographic simplification制图简化cartographic simplification制图精度mapping accuracy制图夸大cartographic exaggeration制图夸大cartographic exaggeration制图专家系统cartographic expert system制图专家系统cartographic expert system制图资料cartographic document制图资料cartographic document制图资料source material质底法quality base method质量感qualitative perception秩亏平差rank defect adjustment置信度Confidence置信度Confidence中程定位系统medium-range positioning system中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartog中国测绘学会CSGPC中国测绘学会Chinese Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartog中国测绘学会CSGPC中国大地测量星表CGSC中国大地测量星表Chinese Geodetic Stars Catalogue中国大地测量星表CGSC中国大地测量星表Chinese Geodetic Stars Catalogue中华人民共和国测绘法Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of中天法transit method中误差RMSE中误差root mean square error中心式快门between-the-lens shutter中心式快门lens shutter中星仪transit instrument中性色调，*灰色调middle tone中央子午线central meridian中央子午线central meridian钟偏clock offset钟偏clock offset钟速clock rate钟速clock rate重采样resampling重力gravity重力测量gravity measurement重力场gravity field重力潮汐改正correction of gravity measurement for tide重力潮汐改正correction of gravity measurement for tide 重力垂线偏差gravimetric deflection of the vertical重力垂直梯度vertical gradient of gravity重力点gravimetric point重力固体潮观测gravity observation of Earth tide重力归算gravity reduction重力基线gravimetric baseline重力基准gravity datum重力数据库gravimetric database重力水平梯度horizontal gradient of gravity重力梯度测量gradiometry重力梯度测量gravity gradient measurement重力梯度仪gradiometer重力位gravity potential重力仪gravimeter重力异常gravity anomaly周期误差periodic error周跳cycle slip周跳cycle slip轴颈误差error of pivot主垂面principal plane [of photograph]主垂面principal vertical plane主动式遥感active remote sensing主分量变换Principal component transformation主合点principal vanishing point主核面principal epipolar plane主核线principal epipolar line主检比对main/check comparison主台main station。
测绘专业英语词汇简
测绘专业英语测绘学：geomatics， surveying and mapping， SM；中华人民共和国测绘法：Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China；测绘标准：standards of surveying and mapping；测量规范：specifications of surveys；地形图图式：topographic map symbols；大地测量学：geodesy；地球形状：earth， shape， figure of the earth；重力基准：gravity datum；重力场：gravity field；地心坐标系：geocentric coordinate system；地球椭球：earth ellipsoid；大地原点：geodetic origin；水准原点：leveling origin；。
测量标志：survey mark；测量觇标：observation target；大地基准：geodetic datum；深度基准：sounding datum；高程基准：height datum；1954北京坐标系：Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System 1954；1980西安坐标系：Xi'an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980；1985国家高程基准：National Vertical Datum 1985；高程系统：height system；平均海[水]面：mean sea level；黄海平均海[水]面：Huang Hai mean sea level；海拔：height above sea level；全球定位系统：global positioning system， GPS；惯性测量系统：inertial surveying system， ISS；摄影测量与遥感学：photogrammetry and remote sensing；矿山测量：mine survey；遥感：remote sensing；图像：picture；影像：image， imagery；图形：graphics；数字地面模型：digital terrain model， DTM；图像处理：image processing；遥感模式识别：pattern recognition of remote sensing；地图学：cartography；地理坐标：geographic graticule；经纬［线］网：fictitous graticule；坐标格网：coordinate grid；地理坐标参考系：geographical reference system；地图：map；地形图：topographic map；平面图：plane；地图投影：map projection；机助地图制图：computer-aided cartography， computer-assisted cartography， CAC；遥感制图：remote sensing mapping；地名学：toponomastics， toponymy；地名：geographical name， place name；工程测量学：engineering surveying；比例尺：scale；基本比例尺：basic scale；等高线：contour；等高距：contour interval；测量误差：observation magement error；测量平差：survey adjustment， adjustment of observations；精度估计：precision estimation；精［密］度：precision；准确度：accuracy；偶然误差：accident error， random error；系统误差：systematic error；粗差：gross error；中误差：root mean square error， RMSE；置信度：confidence；标准差：standard deviation；地理信息系统：geographic information system， GIS；国家基础地理信息系统：national fundamental geographic information system；空间数据库管理系统：spatial database management system；大地测量数据库：geodetic database；重力数据库：gravimetric database；地形数据库：topographic database；影像数据库：image database；地图数据库：cartographic database；地名数据库：place-name database；数字地籍数据库：Digital cadastral database， DCDB；土地信息系统：land information system， LIS；海洋测绘数据库：marine charting database；海洋测绘：marine charting；测绘仪器：instrument of surveying and mapping；3S集成：3S integration， integration of GPS， RS and GIS technology；空间数据基础设施：spatial data infrastructure， SDI；中国测绘学会：Chinese Society of Geodesy， Photogrammetry and Cartography， CSGPC；亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会：Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific， PCGIAP；国际测绘联合会：International Union of Surveying and Mapping， IUSM；国际测量师联合会：Fédération Internationale des Géométres， FIG；国际大地测量协会：International Association of Geodesy， IAG；国际摄影测量与遥感学会：International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing， ISPRS；摄国际制图协会：International Cartographic Association， ICA；国际矿山测量学会：International Society of Mine Sureying；国际海道测量组织：International Hydrography Organization， IHO；几何大地测量学：geometric geodesy；椭球面大地测量学：ellipsoidal geodesy；大地天文学：geodetic astronomy；物理大地测量学：physical geodesy；空间大地测量学：space geodesy；卫星大地测量学：satellite geodesy；动力大地测量学：dynamic geodesy；海洋大地测量学：marine geodesy；行星大地测量学：planetary geodesy；大地网：geodetic network；天文大地网：astro-geodetic network；参考椭球：reference ellipsoid；贝塞尔椭球：Bessel ellipsoid；国际地球自转服务局：International Earth Rotation Service， IERS；国际天球参考架：international celestial reference frame， ICRF；国际地球参考架：international terrestrial reference frame， ITRF；海福德椭球：Hayford ellipsoid；克拉索夫斯基椭球：Krasovsky ellipsoid；参考椭球定位：orientation of reference ellipsoid；大地坐标系：geodetic coordinate system；拉普拉斯方位角：Laplace azimuth；拉普拉斯点：Laplace point；三角测量：triangulation；三角点：triangulation point；三角锁：triangulation chain；三角网：triangulation network；图形权倒数：weight reciprocal of figure；菲列罗公式：Ferrero's formula；方向观测法：method of direction observation， method by series；测回：observation set；归心元素：elements of centring；归心改正：correction for centring；水平折光差：horizontal refraction error；基线：base line；基线测量：base line measurement；基线网：base line network；精密导线测量：precise traversing；三角高程测量：trigonometric leveling；三角高程网：trigonometric leveling network；铅垂线：plumb line；天顶距：zenith distance， zenith angle；高度角：elevation angle， altitude angle；垂直折光差：vertical refraction error；垂直折光系数：vertical refraction coefficient；水准网：leveling network；精密水准测量：precise leveling；水准面：level surface；地球位数：geopotential number；高程：height；正高：orthometric height；正常高：normal height；力高：dynamic height；水准路线：leveling line；水准点：benchmark；跨河水准测量：river-crossing leveling；椭球长半轴：semimajor axis of ellipsoid；椭球短半轴：semiminor axis of ellipsoid；椭球扁率：flattening of ellipsoid；椭球偏心率：eccentricity of ellipsoid；子午面：meridian plane；子午圈：meridian；法截面：normal section；卯酉面：prime vertical plane；卯酉圈：prime vertical；平行圈：parallel circle；子午圈曲率半径：radius of curvature in meridian；卯酉圈曲率半径：radius of curvature in prime vertical；平均曲率半径：mean radius of curvature；大地线：geodesic；大地线微分方程：differential equation of geodesic；大地坐标：geodetic coordinate；大地经度：geodetic longitude；大地纬度：geodetic latitude；大地高：geodetic height，大地方位角：geodetic azimuth；天文大地垂线偏差：astro-geodetic deflection of the vertical；重力垂线偏差：gravimetric deflection of the vertical；垂线偏差改正：correction for deflection of the vertical；标高差改正：correction for skew normals；截面差改正：correction from normal section to geodesic；大地主题正解：direct solution of geodetic problem；大地主题反解：inverse solution of geodetic problem；高斯中纬度公式：Gauss midlatitude formula；贝塞尔大地主题解算公式：Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem；高斯-克吕格投影：Gauss-Krüger projection；归化纬度：reduced latitude；等量纬度：isometric latitude；中央子午线：central meridian；分带子午线：zone dividing meridian；高斯平面子午线收敛角：Gauss grid convergence；高斯投影距离改正：distance correction in Gauss projection；高斯投影方向改正：arc-to-chord correction in Gauss projection；底点纬度：latitude of pedal；高斯平面坐标系：Gauss plane coordinate system；坐标方位角：grid bearing；天文点：astronomical point；本初子午线：prime meridian；经度起算点：origin of longitude；极移：polar motion；瞬时极：instantaneous pole；平极：mean pole；固定平极：fixed mean pole；历元平极：mean pole of the epoch；国际协议原点：Conventional International Origin， CIO；地极坐标系：coordinates of the pole；地球自转参数：earth rotation parameter， ERP；恒星时：sidereal time；世界时：universal time， UT；儒略日：Jalian Day；国际原子时：international atomic time， IAT；协调世界时：coordinated universal time， UTC；天文年历：astronomical ephemeris， astronomical almanac；FK4星表：Fourth Fundamental Catalogue， FK4；FK5星表：Fifth Fundamental Catalogue， FK5；中国大地测量星表：Chinese Geodetic Stars Catalogue， CGSC；天文经度：astronomical longitude；天文纬度：astronomical latitude；钱德勒摆动：Chandler wobble；天文方位角：astronomical azimuth；津格尔［星对］测时法：method of time determination by Zinger star-pair；中天法：transit method；恒星中天测时法：method of time determination by star transit；塔尔科特测纬度法：Talcott method of latitude determination；多星等高法：equal-altitude method of multi-star；北极星任意时角法：method by hour angle of Polaris；时号：time signal；协调世界时时号：time signal in UTC；收时：time receiving；时号改正数：correction to time signal；电磁波传播［时延］改正：correction for radio wave propagation of time signal轴颈误差：error of pivot；人仪差：personal and instrumental equation；重力位：gravity potential；重力：gravity；岁差：precession；章动：nutation；矢量重力测量：vector gravimetry；引力：gravitation；离心力：centrifugal force；引力位：gravitational potential；离心力位：potential of centrifugal force；正常引力位：normal gravitational potential；正常重力位：normal gravity potential；地球位：geopotential；扰动位：disturbing potential；正常水准椭球：normal level ellipsoid；正常重力场：normal gravity field；正常重力：normal gravity；正常重力线：normal gravity line；正常重力公式：normal gravity formula；平均地球椭球：mean earth ellipsoid；大地测量参考系：geodetic reference system；地心引力常数：geocentric gravitational constant；地球自转角速度：rotational angular velocity of the earth；地球重力场模型：earth gravity model；地球位系数：potential coefficient of the earth；带谐系数：coefficient of zonal harmonics；扇谐系数：coefficient of sectorial harmonics；田谐系数：coefficient of tesseral harmonics；克莱罗定理：Clairaut theorem；大地测量边值问题：geodetic boundary value problem；斯托克斯理论：Stokes theory；斯托克斯公式：Stokes formula；莫洛坚斯基理论：Molodensky theory；莫洛坚斯基公式：Molodensky formula；布耶哈马问题：Bjerhammar problem；布隆斯公式：Bruns formula；维宁•曼尼斯公式：Vening-Meinesz formula；大地水准面：geoid；似大地水准面：quasi-geoid；近似地形面：telluroid；大地水准面高：geoidal height， geoidal undulation；高程异常：height anomaly；天文水准：astronomical leveling；天文重力水准：astro-gravimetric leveling；重力测量：gravity measurement；微重力测量：microgravimetry；绝对重力测量：absolute gravity measurement；相对重力测量：relative gravity measurement；航空重力测量：airborne gravity measurement；重力梯度测量：gravity gradient measurement， gradiometry；重力基线：gravimetric baseline；重力点：gravimetric point；基本重力点：basic gravimetric point；全球导航卫星系统：Global Navigation Satellite System， GLONASS；地基系统：ground-based system；空基系统：space-based system；多里斯系统：Doppler Orbitograph and Radio Positioning Intergrated by Satellite， DORIS；普拉烈系统：Precise Range and Rangerate Equipment， PRARE；波茨坦重力系统：Potsdam gravimetric system；海军导航卫星系统：Navy Navigation Satellite System， NNSS；零漂改正：correction of zero drift；重力潮汐改正：correction of gravity measurement for tide；重力归算：gravity reduction；空间改正：free-air correction；地形改正：topographic correction；差分：GPS differential GPS；静态定位：static positioning；动态定位：kenamatic positioning；相对定位：relative positioning；单点定位：point positioning；单差相位观测：single difference phase observation；双差相位观测：double difference phase observation；三差相位观测：triple difference phase observation；周跳：cycle slip；相位模糊度解算：phase ambiguity resolution；法伊改正：Faye correction；地壳均衡改正：isostatic correction；层间改正：plate correction；布格改正：Bouguer correction；重力异常：gravity anomaly；布格异常：Bouguer anomaly；空间异常：free-air anomaly；纯重力异常：pure gravity anomaly；重力垂直梯度：vertical gradient of gravity；重力水平梯度：horizontal gradient of gravity；重力异常阶方差：degree variance of gravity anomaly；协方差函数：covariance function；固体潮：[solid] Earth tide；重力固体潮观测：gravity observation of Earth tide；地倾斜观测：ground tilt measurement；地壳形变观测：crust deformation measurement；监测网：monitoring network；引潮位：tide-generating potential；引潮力：tide-generating force；海潮模型：ocean tidal model；平衡潮：equilibrium tide；负荷潮：load tide；附加位：additional potential；潮汐波：tidal wave；杜德森常数：Doodson constant；勒夫数：Love's number；志田数：Shida's number；潮汐因子：tidal factor；地球动力扁率：dynamic ellipticity of the earth；地球动力因子：dynamic factor of the earth；冰后回弹：post glacial rebound；地壳均衡：isostasy；惯性坐标系：inertial coordinate system；天球坐标系：celestial coordinate system；轨道坐标系：orbital coordinate system；地固坐标系：body-fixed coordinate system， earth-fixed coordinate system；站心坐标系：topocentric coordinate system；地心经度：geocentric longitude；地心纬度：geocentric latitude；平移参数：translation parameters；旋转参数：rotation parameters；地球定向参数：earth orientation parameter， EOP；尺度参数：scale parameter；受摄轨道：disturbed orbit；平均运动：mean motion；卫星高度：satellite altitude；卫星星下点：aub-satellite point；托帕克斯卫星：TOPEX/POSEIDON， T/P；欧洲遥感卫星：Europe Remote Sensing Satellite， ERS；卫星构形：satellite configuration；卫星运动方程：equation of satellite motion；摄动力：disturbing force；卫星受摄运动：perturbed motion of satellite；地球引力摄动：terrestrial gravitational perturbation；日月引力摄动：lunisolar gravitational perturbation；海洋负荷：oceanic load；大气阻力摄动：atmospheric drag perturbation；太阳光压摄动：solar radiation pressure perturbation；潮汐摄动：tidal perturbation；运动方程分析解：analytical solution of motion equation；运动方程数值解：numerical solution of motion equation；状态向量：state vector；卫星共振分析：analysis of satellite resonance；卫星轨道改进：improvement of satellite orbit；卫星激光测距：satellite laser ranging， SLR；。
基本常用测绘英语
测绘专业最常用英语(软件开发特别版)总结：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve 来自：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版一．基础篇1. 概率What is Geomatics?geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surverying and mapping 测绘fieldwork 外业工作theodolite 经纬仪allowance 容许误差latitude 纬度longitude 经度meridian 子午线gravity 重力curvature 曲率geoid 大地水准面2. 大地测量和平面测量Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying geodetic surveying 大地测量(学)plane surveying 平面测量control survey 控制测量vertical survey 高程测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey 地籍测量route survey 路线测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量Multiple channel 多通道dual-frequency sounder 双频Single Frequency Depth Sounder 单频multibeam echosounding 多波束3. 距离测量Distance Measurementfundamental 基本原则，基本原理revolution n.旋转stadia n. 视距，视距仪器telescope 望远镜terrain n. 地形infrared adj. 红外线的electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪distance measuring instrumentdistance-measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proportional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距multiplication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数tape 卷尺4. 角度和方向测量Angle and Direction Measurement projection n.投影radius n. 半径，范围compass 罗盘，指南针clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的compensator n. 补偿器azimuth n. 方位，方位角bearing n. 方向，方位horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角elevation angle 高度角5. 导线测量Traversingtraverse n. 导线traversing 导线测量law of sines 正弦定律law of cosine 余弦定律terminate v. 停止evenly adv. 均匀地control network 控制网control point 控制点forward intersection 前方交会6. 高程测量的方法Methods of Elevation Detemination elevation 海拔reference datum 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985国家高程基准direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量BM (benchmark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight (BS) 后尺foresight (FS) 前尺height of instrument (HI) 仪器高height of target (HT) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附合水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线elevation of sight 视线高程optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪7. 全站仪Robotic Total Stationprism 棱镜instrument of geomatics engineering 测绘仪器geodetic instrument 大地测量仪器optical theodolite 光学经纬仪total station 全站仪geo-robot 测量机器人data recorder 电子手簿，数据采集器data transfer 数据转换8. 测量误差Erros in Measurementlaw of probability 概率论theory of error 误差理论true error 真误差observation error 观测误差instrumental error 仪器误差personal error 人为误差gross error 粗差systematic error 系统误差random error, accident error 随即误差，偶然误差probable error 或然误差constant error 常差average error 平均误差absolute error 绝对误差relative error 相对误差error of closure, closing error, closure 闭合差error propagation, propagation of error 误差传播error test 误差检验gross error detection 粗差检验tolerance 限差limit error 极限误差error of focusing 调焦误差index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差9. 随机误差的基本统计分析Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的mean n. 平均数stochastic adj.随机的irregular adj. 不规则的probability n. 概率，可能性normal n. 正态divisor n. 除数，约数rationale n.基本原理error distribution 误差分布most probable value (MPV) 最或然值expectation, expected value 期望值index of precision 精度指标variance 方差standard deviation 标准差mean square error (MSE) 中误差mean square error of a point 点位中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中误差mean square error of cordinate 坐标中误差mean square error of height 高程中误差variance of unit weight 单位权方差，方差因子error ellipse 误差椭圆10. 准确度和精确度Accuracy and Precisionaccuracy n. 准确precision n. 精确calibrate v. 校准methodology n. 方法论11. 最小二乘法Least-Squares Adjustmentadjustment n.平差parameter n.参数least square method 最小二乘法least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差function model 函数模型stochastic model 随机模型redundant observation 多余观测variance 方差covariance 协方差normal equation 法方程conditional 条件平差direct adjustment 直接平差condition equation 条件方程parametric adjustment 参数平差indirection adjustment 间接平差adjusted value 平差值inverse of weight matrix 权逆矩阵weight coefficient 权系数geoidal undulation 大地水准面高earth’s flattening地球扁率12. 大地测量学的概念Geodesy Conceptsvery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚长基线干涉测量13. 大地水准面和参考椭球Geoid and Reference Ellipsoidmean sea level (MSL) 平均海水面reference ellipsoid 参考椭球semi-major axis of ellipsoid 椭球长半轴semi-minor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴orthometric heights (H) 正高geodetic height, ellipsoidal height (h) 大地高geoidal height, geoid undulation (N) 大地水准面高,大地水准面差距quasi-geoid 似大地水准面normal height 正常高height anomaly 高程异常Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) 1980大地测量参考系统Krasovsky ellipsoid 克拉索夫斯基椭球14. 坐标转换Datums, Coordinatesgeodetic datum 大地基准geodetic coordinate 大地坐标geodetic origin 大地原点geodetic latitude 大地纬度geodetic longitude 大地经度world geodetic system 1984 (WGS-84) 1984世界大地坐标系rectangular grid 直角坐标网independent coordinate system 独立坐标系coordinate conversion 坐标转换translation parameters 平移参数rotation parameters 旋转参数scale parameter 尺度参数Xi’an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 1980西安坐标系15. 地图投影Map Projectionmap projection 地图投影arbitrary projection 任意投影conformal projection 正形投影Mercator projection/ Mercator’s projection 墨卡托投影transverse projection 横轴投影Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 通用横轴墨卡托投影Lambert projection/ Lamber’s projection 兰勃特投影16. 重力测量Gravity Measurementgravity measurement 重力测量law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律centrifugal force 离心力gravitational constant 重力常数gravimeter, gravity meter 重力仪17. 大地网的最佳解决方案Optimal Design of Geomatics Network specification n. 规格，说明书，规范sensitivity n. 灵敏度deformation n. 变形18. 施工测量Construction Layoutengineering survey 工程测量construction control network 施工控制网deformation observation变形观测reliability 可靠性construction survey 施工测量setting-out survey, construction layout 施工放样road engineering survey 道路工程测量cross section 横断面profile survey 纵断面测量19. 变形监测Deformation monitoring of Engineering Structure deformation monitoring(observation) 变形监测(观测) displacement observation 位移观测settlement (subsidence) observation 沉陷观测二．高级篇20-21. 了解GPS Understanding the GPSionosphere 电离层troposphere 对流层antenna 天线GPS (global positioning system) 全球定位系统GPS receiver GPS接收机broadcast ephemeris 广播星历precise ephemeris 精密星历precise code 精码pseudorange 伪距ionospheric delay 电离层延迟tropospheric delay 对流层延迟multipath effect 多路径效应reference receiver 基准接收机roving receiver 流动接收机receiver antenna 接收机天线real-time kinematic (RTK) 实时动态定位differential GPS (DGPS) 差分GPSdifferential correction 差分改正post-processed differential correction 后处理差分改正22. 各种卫星系统Competition in Space OrbitGlobal Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 全球导航卫星系统GLONASS (GLObal Navigation Satellite System) 全球导航卫星系统(俄) GALILEO 伽利略系统satellite clock 卫星钟dual-frequency 双频precise positioning service (PPS) 精密定位服务standard position service (SPS) 标准定位服务geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星23-25. GIS基础GIS BasicsGIS (geographic information system) 地理信息系统raster n. 光栅vector n. 向量，矢量image data 图像数据vector data 矢量数据raster data 栅格数据data capture 数据采集data classification 数据分类data compression 数据压缩data transmission 数据传输digital terrain model (DTM) 数字地面模型digital elevation model (DEM) 数字高程模型27. 摄影测量的发展Developments of Photogrammetryaerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量homologous points 同名点image point 像点picture element / pixel 像素intensity value 强度值，亮度值relative orientation 相对定向absolute orientation 绝对定向block adjustment 区域网平差image rectification 影像纠正digital raster graph DRG 数字栅格图29. RS应用Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS digital image processing 数字图像处理digital image 数字影像optical image 光学影像gray value 灰度值grey level 灰度等级image analysis 图像分析image processing 图像处理image transformation 图像变换image coding 图像编码image correlation 影像相关image digitization 图像数字化image matching 影像匹配image overlaying 影像重合32.interferometry 干涉测量interometry SAR 干涉雷达常用数学表达1/2 a half; one half1/4 a fourth; a quarter; one quarter1/1234 one over a thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 2x x square; x squared; x to the second power3x x cube; x cubed; x to the third powernx the nth power of x; x to the power of n10x y to the minus tenth power1:2 the ratio of one to twob' b primeb'' b double prime; b second primeb b sub one1F'the first derivative of func)(xa square root of a±plus or minus= is equal to; equals≤equal(s) to or less than≥equal(s) to or larger thana≈ a is approximately equal to b (a approximately equals b)ba +b =c a plus b is (are; equals; is equal to ) c(a + b – c×d) / e = f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by equals to f a ×b a times b; a multiplied by bc - b = a c minus b equals to a; b from c leaves av = s / t v equals to s divided by t10 + 20 + 30 = 60 10,20, and 30 added together are 6020 / 5 = 4 20 divided by 5 equals (is) 4a a approaches infinity∞=A×B vector product of A and BA⋅scalar product of A and BBlength, width, height, thickness, depthThe big apple weights 100g.China has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.The length of the railway is 2,000 miles.The gate has a width of 2ft.运算过程中的套语假设if ……(then/ therefore/ consequently)Suppose thatNow assume thatLete.g. if a – b = b – a; then 2a = 2b; hence a = b解释和说明For……, we have……This shows that……The face that……is / has……The graph is shown in……The following is……As discussed/ mentioned above求证To prove this formula, note that……Prove the following,Prove that……The calculation/ formula is……This can be expressed as follows:基本常用测绘英语参考文献：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版11 / 11。
测绘工程专业英语 (2)
测绘工程专业英语1. Introduction测绘工程是一门综合性较强的学科，需要使用专业的英语术语来进行交流和沟通。
本文将介绍一些与测绘工程相关的常用英语词汇和表达，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用专业英语。
2. Surveying and Mapping 测绘2.1 Surveying 规划测量•Geodetic surveying大地测量•Cadastral surveying (land) 地籍测绘•Engineering surveying工程测量•Topographic surveying地形测量•Control surveying控制测量•Hydrographic surveying水文测量•Deformation monitoring变形监测2.2 Mapping 制图•Cartography制图学•Digital mapping数字制图•Geographic information system (GIS)地理信息系统•Remote sensing遥感•Image interpretation图像解译•Orthophoto正射影像•Contour lines等高线•Land cover classification土地覆盖分类3. Instruments and Equipment 仪器设备•Theodolite经纬仪•Total station全站仪•GPS receiver GPS接收机•Levels水准仪•Laser scanner激光扫描仪•Data collector数据采集器•GIS software GIS软件•Mapping software制图软件4. Measurements 测量数据•Distance measurement距离测量•Angle measurement角度测量•Coordinate measurement坐标测量•Elevation measurement高程测量•Height measurement高度测量•Area measurement面积测量•Volume measurement体积测量5. Data Analysis 数据分析•Data processing数据处理•Error analysis误差分析•Statistical analysis统计分析•Spatial analysis空间分析•Data visualization数据可视化•Interpolation插值•Extrapolation外推•Regression analysis回归分析6. Project Management 项目管理•Survey project planning测量项目规划•Budget estimation预算估算•Resource allocation资源分配•Scheduling进度安排•Quality control质量控制•Risk assessment风险评估•Project documentation项目文档7. Conclusion本文介绍了一些与测绘工程专业相关的英语词汇和表达，涵盖了测绘、制图、仪器设备、测量数据、数据分析和项目管理等领域。
测量专业常用英语翻译
测量专业常用英语翻译短语或词组中线 midline边线 sideline向左/右移动 left/right前进 forward后退 back路基 subgrade路面 Pavement岔口 fork交叉口 intersection十字路口 crossroads测量 measurement放线Actinomyces中桩 medium pile边桩 edge of pile水平测量Level measurement导线 wire闭合导线 closed traverse附合导线 Connecting traverse 曲线Curve水准仪 Level全站仪Total Station架子 Shelf塔尺 Foot tower线坠Line falling钢尺 Steel band tape量距离 Distance高程 Elevation每米 per meter混凝土Concrete沥青Asphalt石灰Lime水沟Ditch交点Nodal圆缓点 Ease-point circle缓圆点 Ease dots直缓点Direct relief point曲线中点Curve midpoint 边坡Slope渗水Seepage排水沟 Drainage防雨Rainproof防水Waterproof加固Reinforcement 防护Protection安全防护Security 安全帽Helmets水泥Cement 沙石Gravel沙子SandAsphalt 沥青base基层sub base 底基层borrow material 取土土方borrow area取土场地Spoil弃土culvert 涵管fill 土方lot 标段pavement layer结构层路肩shoulder spoiler Carriageway 行车道Site 现场QA quality assurance 质量保证QC quality control 质量监控规范Norms安平精度 setting accuracy比例尺 scale比例误差 proportional error闭合差 closure闭合差 closing error闭合导线 closed traverse闭合水准路线 closed leveling line边长中误差 mean square error of side length边交会法 linear intersection边角测量 triangulateration边角交会法 linear-angular intersection标称精度 nominal accuracy标尺 rod标尺 staff标准差 standard deviation参考数据 reference data参考效应 reference effect参数平差，*间接平差 parameter adjustment侧方交会 side intersection测标 [measuring] mark测杆 measuring bar测高仪 Altimeter测绘标准 standards of surveying and mapping测绘仪器 instrument of surveying and mapping测角中误差 mean square error of angle observation测量标志 survey mark测量规范 specifications of surveys测量控制网 surveying control network测量平差 adjustment of observation测量平差 survey adjustment测量学 surveying测线 survey line测站 station垂线偏差改正 correction for deflection of the vertical 垂线偏差改正 correction for deflection of the vertical 大地方位角 geodetic azimuth导线边 traverse leg导线测量 traverse survey导线点 traverse point导线横向误差 lateral error of traverse导线角度闭合差 angle closing error of traverse导线结点 junction point of traverses导线曲折系数 meandering coefficient of traverse导线全长闭合差 total length closing error of traverse 导线网 traverse network导线相对闭合差relative length closing error of traverse导线折角 traverse angle导线纵向误差 longitudinal error of traverse独立坐标系 independent coordinate system对中杆 centering rod方位角中误差 mean square error of azimuth方向观测法 method by series方向观测法 method of direction observation放样测量 setting-out survey附合导线 connecting traverse附合水准路线 annexed leveling line附加位 additional potential复测法 repetition method高程导线 height traverse高程点 elevation point高程基准 height datum高程控制测量 vertical control survey高程控制点 vertical control point高程控制网 vertical control network高程系统 height system高程中误差 mean square error of height工程控制网 engineering control network工程水准仪 engineer's level公路工程测量 road engineering survey横断面图 cross-section profile后方交会 resection缓和曲线测设 spiral curve location缓和曲线测设 transition curve location基线 base line基线测量 base line measurement基线网 base line network基准台，*差分台 track station基准纬度 latitude of reference极坐标定位，*距离方位定位point coordinate positioning极坐标定位方法,*方位距离定位方法 azimuth distance positioning method极坐标定位方法，*方位距离定位方法 polar positioning method预制涵管precast culvert路缘石kerbstone压实compact填筑fill基底foundation级配碎石gradation crush-stoneCoat 涂层摊铺pavement透层prime双表double seal面层surface骨料aggregate稀浆封层slurry桥bridge梁beam桥面板deck墩柱pier承台cushion cap桩基pile钻孔bore维护maintenance处理treatment附属auxiliary腐蚀corrosion砌石stone-pitching石笼gabion护栏guardrail标杆sign post围栏railing路标1.guide post 2.signpost交通标志traffic sign标线road marking道路专用区road reserved结构structure模版shutter 饰面finishing脚手架falsework结构钢structure steel预压pre pressing预制precast公差tolerance安全岛island额外extra施工工艺construction method 申请statement方案scheme路肩断点shoulder breakpoint 护栏parapet wall人行道foot walk检查井chamber管道pipeline取样sample挖方cut section填方fill section道路专用区road reserve倒角chamfer模版shutter伸缩缝expansion joint独轮车wheelbarrow锤子hammer砖块brick预处理pretreatment预涂premix。
测绘专业英语原文和部分翻译(1-39)
Table of ContentsUuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） 2Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量） 6Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量） 10Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量） 14Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量） 18Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法） 22Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪） 26Unit 8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差） 30Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors 34Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision （准确度和精度） 37Unit 11 Least-Squares Adjustment 40Unit 12 Geodesy Concepts 42Unit 13 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoid 44Unit 14 Datums, Coordinates and Conversions 46Unit 15 Map Projection 48Unit 16 Gravity Measurment 51Unit 17 Optimal Design of Geomatics Network 53Unit 18 Construction Layout （施工放样） 56Unit 19 Deformation Monitoring of Engineering Struvture 59Unit 20 Understan ding the GPS（认识 GPS） 62Uuit 21 Understanding the GPS (II) 认识 GPS(II) 65Unit 22 Competition in Space Orbit（太空轨道上的竞争） 68Unit 23 GIS Basics（GIS 的基础） 73Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS GIS中的数据类型和模型 79 Unit 25 Digital Terrain Modeling（数字地面模型） 83Unit 26 Applications of GIS 88Unit 27 Developments of photogrammetry 92Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing （遥感的基础） 95Unit 29 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS 99Unit 30 Airborne Laser Mapping Technology（机载激光测图技术） 104Unit 31 Interferometric SAR(InSAR) 108Unit 32 Brief Introduction toApplied Geophysics 110Unit 33 Origon of Induced Polarization 112Unit 34 International Geoscience Organization 115Unit 35 Prestigious Journals in Geomatics 118Unit 36 Relevant Surveying Instrument Companies 123Unit 37 Expression of Simple Equations and ScientificFormulsa 124Unit 38 Professional English Paper Writing 128Unit 39 Translation Techniques for EST 136Uuit 1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？） GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and – MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者 geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学） It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解） The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or“surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academicdiscipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学” 或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向【或“基于GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。
测绘英语单词
geomatics测绘学geodesy大地测量学photogrammetry摄影测量学remote sensing遥感global positioning system全球定位系统geographicinformation systems地理信息系统Permanent monument永久标石theodolite经纬仪gravity field重力场plumb line铅垂线geoid大地水准面geodetic surveying大地测量学plane surveying平面测量学control survey控制测量horizontal survey水平（平面）测量vertical survey高程（垂直）测量topographic survey地形测量detail survey碎步测量elevation /height高程tacheometry视距测量法distance measurement距离测量法stadia hair视距丝、视距线stadia interval视距间隔plumb bob垂球leveling staff水准尺level rod/staff水准尺vertical angle垂直角horizontal angle水平角depression angle俯视角zenith distance天顶距elevation angle高度角field book外业手簿grid north坐标北方向open traverse支导线magnetic north磁北方向control network控制网horizontal control network平面、水平控制网vertical control network高程控制网control point控制点traversing导线测量closed traverse闭合导线closed loop traverse闭合环导线connecting traverse附和导线survey specifications测量规范reference datum参考基面，参考基准面direct/spirit leveling几何水准测量differential leveling微差水准测量trigonometric leveling三角高程测量BM（benchmark）水准基点level rod水准尺level水准仪true error真误差observation error观测误差instrumental error仪器误差gross error粗差systematic error系统误差tolerance限差random/accident error随机（偶然）误差potential潜能、潜力、电压geoid大地水准面orthometric height正高reference ellipsoid参考椭球geodetic/ellipsoidal height大地高geoidal height；geoid undulation大地水准面差距，大地水准面高engineering survey工程测量construction survey施工测量free station自由设站法as-built survey竣工测量setting-out survey施工放样空间部分space segment控制部分control segment用户部分user segmentGPS接收机GPS receiverGPS星座GPS constellation主控站master control station监控站monitor station原子钟atomic clock精码precise code伪距pseudorange实时动态定位（RTK ）real-time kinematic 差分GPS differential GPS多路径效应multipath effect使降级、堕落、退化degrade电离层ionosphere对流层troposphere太阳黑点、雀斑sunspot干扰、冲突、干涉interference星历表、历书ephemeris空间分析spatial analysis空间数据spatial data属性数据attribute data矢量数据vector data栅格数据raster data图像数据image data变形检测deformation monitoring航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地形摄影测量terrestrial photogrammetry近景摄影测量close-range photogrammetry航空摄影aerial photography摄影比例尺photographic scale航高flight altitude摄影主距photographic principal distance模拟摄影测量analogue photogrammetry解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry数字摄影测量digital photogrammetry全数字摄影测量full digital photogrammetry 同名射线homologous ray立体像对stereopair，stereo photopair同名像点homologous points像点image point数字正射影像digital orthoimage相对定向relative orientation绝对定向absolute orientation空中三角测量aerial triangulation数字正摄影像图digital orthophoto map内定向internal orientation合成孔径雷达（SAR）synthetic aperture radar 遥测传感器、遥感器remote sensor电磁波谱、电磁光谱、电磁波频谱electromagnetic spectrum电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation热红外探测仪thermal infrared detector被动式遥感passive remote sensing主动式遥感active remote sensing。
测绘常用专业英语词汇
Absolute error绝对误差Absolute orientation 绝对定向Accident error随机误差，偶然误差Active remote sensing 主动式遥感Addition constant加常数Adverse 不利的，敌对的，相反的Aerial photography 航空摄影Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量Aerial triangulation 空中三角解析Alidade 照准仪Alignments survey 定线测量Allowance容许误差Angle closing error of traverse导线角度闭合差Annexed leveling line附合水准路线Antenna 天线Apportion分配Attribute属性Atomic clock 原子钟As-built survey竣工测量Automatic level自动安平水准仪Average error 平均误差Azimuth方位，方位角Backsight(BS)后视Barometric leveling 气压水准测量Blunder粗差，失误BM(benchmark)水准点Bounce 使反跳Bridge survey桥梁测量Broadcast ephemeris广播星历Buffering 缓冲Building axis survey 建筑轴线测量Building engineering survey 建筑工程测量Cadastral surveying 地籍测量Cadastre 地籍Calibration 校准，标度，刻度Cartography 地图制图学Cartographyer 地图制作者Celestial 天上的Celestial sphere 天球Clockwise顺时针方向的Clock error 种差Closed leveling line闭合水准路线Closed loop traverse 闭合环导线Closed traverse 闭合导线Closing error in coordinate increment 坐标增量闭合差Closure / closing error 闭合差Compensator level 自动安平水准仪Computer graphics 计算机图形学Connecting traverse 附合导线Constant error 常查Construction control network 施工控制网Construction plan 施工平面图Construction survey施工测量Contours等高线Control network控制网Control Point控制点Control segment 控制部分Control survey 控制测量Control network for deformation observation变形观测控制网Counterclockwise 逆时针方向的Cross section 横断面Cross section survey横断面测量Curvature 曲率，弯曲Date recorder电子手薄Date transfer数据转换Datum基准面Demographic 人口统计学Departure 差异，相差，矛盾Depression Angle 俯角Detail survey碎部测量Deviation 偏差，偏移Diameter直径Differential leveling 微差水准测量Differential gps 差分gpsDifferential correction 差分改正Digitize 将资料数字化Digitizer 数字转化器Digital orthophoto map 数字正射影像图Dimensional 空间的Direct leveling 几何水准测量Discrete 离散的Discrepancy 差异Distance measurement 距离测量Distance measuring instrument 测距仪Distance-measuring error 测距误差Distinguish 区别EDM（electronic distance measurement）电子测距仪Electromagnetic 电磁的Electromagnetic distance measuring instrument 电磁波测距仪Electronic level电子水准仪Electronic theodolite 电子经纬仪Electro-optical distance measuring instrument 光电测距仪Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波频谱Elevation Angle高度角Elevation difference高差Elevation of sight 视线高程Eliminate 消除，排除Ellipsoid 椭圆体Engineering survey 工程测量Engineering control network 工程控制网Entity 实体Ephemeris 星历表Equator 赤道线Error of closure闭合差Error of focusing 调焦误差Error propagation 误差传播Error test 误差检验Fieldwork野外工作Fixed error固定误差Flexibility 适应性，机动性Foresight(FS) 前视Forestry 林产，森林学，林学Forward intersection前方交会Free station 自由设站法Geodetic azimuth 大地方位角Geodetic surveying 大地测量学Geographical 地理学的Geoid大地水准面Geological survey 地质测量Geology 地质学，地质概况Geomatics测绘学Geophysics 地球物理学Geoscience 地球科学GPS receiver gps接收机GPS constellation gps星座Gravimetric leveling 重力水准测量Gravity 重力，地心引力Gravity field 重力场Grid bearing 坐标方位角Gross error 粗差Gross error detection 粗差检验Gyro azimuth 陀螺方位角Height of instrument(HI)仪器高Height of target(HT)目标高Horizontal Angle水平角Horizontal circle水平刻度盘Horizontal control network平面控制网Horizontal refraction error 水平折光误差Horizontal survey 水平测量Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黄海高程系统Hydrographic 与水道测量有关的Hydrographic survey 海道测量，水道测量Hydrographic engineering survey 水利工程测量Imagery 肖像，雕刻影像Implementation 执行Index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差Inertial 惯性的，不活泼的Infrared EDM instrument 红外测距仪Instrumental error 仪器误差Intersect 相交，交叉Internal orientation 内定向Interpret 解释Ionosphere电离层Ionosphere delay 电离层延迟Land management 土地管理Land survey 土地测量Laser distance measuring instrument 激光测距仪Laser level 激光水准仪Latitude 纬度，范围Law of probability 概率论Layout放样Level 水准仪Level rod水准尺Light-emitting diode displays（LEDs）发光二极管显示Limit error 极限误差Linear intersection 边交会法Linear-angular intersection 边角交会法Liquid crystal displays（LCDs）液晶显示Longitude经度Long-range EDM instrument 远程电子测距仪Magnetic azimuth 磁方位角Marine survey 海洋测量Master control station 主控站Meridian子午线，正午，顶点Method in all combinations 全组合测角法Method of direction observation 方向观测法Microwave distance measuring instrument 微波测距仪Mine survey 矿山测量Monumentation埋石Multiplication constant 乘常数Multiply 乘，增加Multipath effect 多路径效应National vertical datum of 1985 1985国家高程基准Nominal accuracy标称精度Observation error 观测误差Open traverse 支导线Optical leveling 光学水准仪Optical theodolite 光学经纬仪Orbit 轨道Orthometric正高的Orthophotograph 正射影像Overlay覆盖Passive remote sensing 被动式遥感Perpendicular 垂直的，正交的Personal error 人为误差Photogrammetry 摄影测量学Pipe survey 管道测量Pixel 像素Plane surveying 平面测量学Plotting 标图，测绘Plumb 铅垂，铅弹Plumb line 铅垂线Post processed differential correction 后处理差分改正Precise code 精码Precision 精度Precise ephemeris 精密星历Precise ranging 精密测量Prime meridian本初子午线Prism 棱镜Probable error 或然误差Profile diagram纵断面图Profile survey 纵断面测量Projection投影，投射Propagate 传播，宣传Propagation of error误差传播Property line survey 建筑红线测量Protractor 量角器Pseudorange 伪距Public engineering survey 市政工程测量Radius 半径，范围Random error 随机误差，偶然误差Raster 光栅Real time kinematic 实时动态定位Real time Differential correction 实时差分改正Receiver antenna 借手机天线Rectangular矩形的Reference datum参考基准面Reference receiver 基准接收机Refraction 折光，折射Refraction correction 折光差改正Registration 注册，报到，登记Relative error 相对误差Relative orientation 相对定向Remote sensor 遥测传感仪Resection 后方交会Resolution 分辨度Road engineering survey 道路工程测量Route survey 路线测量Roving receiver 流动接收机Satellite laser ranger 卫星激光测距仪Satellite positioning 卫星定位Selective availability 选择可用性Setting-out survey 施工放样Sexagesimal system 六十分制Side intersection 侧方交会Site map 工地平面图Sighting distance视距Space segment 空间部分Spheroid球状体Spirit leveling 几何水准测量Spur leveling line 支水准路线Stadia 视距Stadia addition constant 视距加常数Stadia hair 视距丝，视距线Stadia interval 视距间隔Stadia multiplication constant 视距乘常数Standard field of length 长度标准检定场Survey specifications测量规范Surveying and mapping 测绘Synchronized 同步的Systematic error 系统误差Tacheometry 视距测量Tangent 相切的，切线的Telescope望远镜Terrain 地形Theodolite 经纬仪Theory of error 误差理论Tolerance 限差Topographic 地势的，地形学上的Topographic survey地形测量Total length closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差Total station 全站仪Traverse 导线，横贯，横断Traverse Angle 导线折角Traverse leg 导线边Traverse network 导线网Traverse Point 导线点Traversing导线测量Triangle三角形Triangulateration 边角测量Triangulateration network 边角网Triangulation 三角测量Triangulation network 三角网Trigonometric leveling 三角高程测量Trigonometry 三角法Trilateration 三边测量Trilateration network 三边网Troposphere 对流层Troposphere delay 对流层延迟True error 真误差True north真北Tunnel survey隧道测量Two-color laser ranger 双色激光测距仪US department of defense 美国国防部User segment 用户部分Vector 向量Vertical Angle 垂直角Vertical circle 垂直度盘Vertical control network高程控制网Vertical survey 高程测量Visualization 可视化Zenith 天顶，顶点，顶峰Zenith distance 天顶距。
测绘专业英语词汇
专业英语复习Unit 1 What is Geomatics? geoscience---n,地球科学informatics---n,信息学hydrographic---adj,水利的hydrographic survey---n,水利测量expertise---n,专家的意见flexibility---n,适应性incorporation---n,结合，合并visualization---n,可视化plotting---n,标图，测绘illustrative---adj,说明性的entity---n,实体digitize---v,数字化registration---n,注册，登记forestry---n,林学geology---n,地质学geographical---adj,地理学的，地理的infrastructure---n,基础下部组织，下部构造navigation---n,导航cadastre---n,地籍，地籍图cadastral surveying---地籍测量geophysics---n,地球物理学geomatics---测绘学geodesy---大地测量学surveying and mapping---测绘学photogrammetry---摄影测量学remote sensing(RS)---遥感global positioning system(GPS)---全球定位系统satellite positioning---卫星定位geographic information systems(GIS)---地理信息系统land management---土地管理computer graphics---计算机图形学appreciate---v,增值dwindle---v,减少ISO(International Standards Organization)---国际标准化surveyor---n,测量工作者market---v,定位award titles---授予学位photogrammetrist---n,摄影测量者process---v,处理analyze---v,分析aerial photography---航空影像学database---n,数据库geographic entities---地理实体civil and marine engineering---土木海洋工程demise---v,消失quarterly---adv,一年四次的，四季的aerial---adj,航空的Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveyingartificial---adj,人造的analog---n,类似物dimensional---adj,空间的monument---n,纪念碑permanent monument---永久标石monumentation---埋石fieldwork---n,野外测量category---n,种类theodolite---n,经纬仪spheroid---n,球状体allowance---n,容许误差diameter---n,直径equator---n,赤道latitude---n,纬度longitude---n,经度meridian---n,子午线prime meridian---本初子午线gravity---n,重力gravity field---重力场curvature---n,曲率plumb---n,铅锤，adj,垂直的plumb line---铅垂线trigonometry---n,三角法chord---n,弦长triangle---n,三角形spherical---adj,球形的sophisticate---vt,弄复杂sophistication---n,复杂；强词夺理geoid---n,大地水准面tangent---adj,相切的n,切线backsight---n,后视foresight---n,前视refraction---n,折光geodetic surveying---大地测量plane surveying---平面测量control survey---控制测量horizontal survey---水平测量vertical survey---高程测量topographic survey---地形测量detail survey---碎部测量land survey---土地测量，地籍测量route survey---路线测量pipe survey---管道测量city survey---城市测量hydrographic survey---水利测量marine survey---海洋测量mine survey---矿山测量geological survey---地质测量feature---n,要素establish---v,建立a spheroid of reference---参考椭球coordinate---n,坐标algebra---n,代数学datum---n,基准面the mean surface of the earth---平均海水面the mean sea level---平均海平面canals---n,地铁boundary---n,边界automatically---adv,自动地real estate---房地产Unit 3 Distance Measurementdistance measurement---距离测量precise measurement---精密测量pacing---步测distance measuring instrument，rangefinder---测距仪EDM（electronic distance measurement）---电子测距仪geodimeter---光电测距仪electromagnetic distance measuring instrument---电磁波测距仪fixed error---固定误差proportional error---比例误差multiplication constant---乘常数addition costant---加常数stadia hair---视距丝stadia interval---视距间隔infrared---n,红外线laser---n,激光microwave---n,微波Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement perpendicular---adj,垂直的，正交的intersect---vt,横断,vi,相交，交叉projection---n,投影zenith---n,天顶celestial---adj,天上的celestial sphere---天球radius---n,半径compass---n,罗盘，指南针protractor---n,量角器clockwise---adj,顺时针方向的counterclockwise---adj,逆时针方向的commence---v,开始bisect---v,切成两份，对开spindle---n,轴initialize---vt,初始化azimuth---n,方位，方位角bearing---n,方向，方位quadrant---n,像限horizontal angle---水平角vertical angle---垂直角depression angle---俯角zenith distance---天顶距elevation angle---高度角horizontal circle---水平刻度盘vertical circle---垂直刻度盘true north---真北geodetic azimuth---大地方位角grid bearing---坐标方位角magnetic azimuth---磁方位角method by series,method of direction observation---方向观测法method in all combinations---全组合测角法plus(up) or minus(down) angles---正负角poles---n,极Unit 5 Traversingtraverse---n,导线traversing----导线测量arbitrary---adj,任意的triangulation---n,三角测量trilateration---n,三边测量triangulateration---n,边角测量proposition---n,命题law of sines---正弦定律law of cosine---余弦定律terminate---v,停止property---n,所有物，所有权evenly---adv,均匀地indication---n,指示，迹象consistency---n,一致性alter---v,改变departure---n,横距rectangular---adj,矩形的discrepancy---n,差异apportion---v,分配control network---控制网horizontal control network---平面控制网vertical control network---高程控制网control point---控制点forward intersection---前方交会resection---后方交会side intersection---侧方交会linear-angular intersection---边角交会法linear intersection---边交会法traverse point---导线点traverse leg---导线边traverse angle---导线折角open traverse---支导线closed traverse---闭合导线closed loop traverse---闭合环导线connecting traverse---附和导线angle closing error of traverse---导线角度闭合差total length closing error of traverse---导线全长闭合差closing error in coordinate increment---坐标增量闭合差traverse network---导线网triangulateration network---边角网triangulation network---三角网trilateration network---三边网survey specifications,specifications of surveys---测量规范preliminary---adj,初步的annex---adj,附加的the primary control---首级控制total station---全站议coordinate system---坐标系Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determinationreference datum---参考基准面direct leveling,spirit leveling---几何水准测量differential leveling---微差水准测量ellipsoid---n,椭球preclude---v,排除reference datum---参考基准面level rod---水准尺level---水准仪elevation difference---高差difference in elevation---高差annexed leveling line---附和水准路线closed leveling line---闭合水准路线spur leveling line---支水准路线refraction correction---折光差改正elevation of sight---视线高程electronic level---电子水准仪automatic level---自动安平水准仪laser lever---激光水准仪optical level---光学水准仪adjusted---v,平差slope---n,斜坡trigonometric leveling---三角高程测量gravimetric leveling---重力水准测量river-crossing leveling---跨河水准测量barometric leveling---气压水准测量BM(benchmark)---水准基点backsight(BS)---后尺foresight(FS)---前尺height of instrument(HI)---仪器高height of target(HT)---目标高target---n,目标Unit 7 Robotic Total Stationprism---n,棱镜layout---n,放样data transfer---数据转换optical plummet---光学对中器a bubble level---水准气泡tripods---n,三角架orbit---n,轨道Unit 8 Errors in Meaeurementgeometric---adj,几何的，几何学的graduated---adj,分级的error propagation---误差传播propagate---v,传播atmospheric---adj,大气的blunder---n,粗差，错误obviate---vt,消除，排除，避免eliminate---vt,消除，排除conscientious---adj,尽责的maintenance---n,维护，保持quantify---vt,量化calibration---n,校准，标度law of probability---概率论theory of error---误差理论true error---真误差observation error---观测误差instrument error---仪器误差personal error---人为误差gross erreo---粗差systematic error---系统误差random error,accident error---偶然误差probable error---或然误差constant error---常差average error---平均误差absolute error---绝对误差relative error---相对误差error of closure,closing error,closure---闭合差error test---误差检验tolerance---n,限差limit error---极限误差horizontal refraction error---水平折光差index error of vertical circle---竖盘指标差gross errors---粗差system errors---系统误差random errors---偶然误差Unit 10 Accuracy and Precision calibrate---v,校准uniformity---n,一致，均匀reproducibility---n,重复能力，再现性scatter---v,分散methodology---n,方法论conform---vt,使一致，使遵从conformity---n,一致，符合indicator---n,指示器confuse---vt,使糊涂，搞乱Unit 18 Construction Layoutarchitect---n,建筑师urban---adj,城市的suburban---adj,郊外的on-site---工地上complexity---n,复杂reestablish---v,重建crew---n,全体人员curb---n,路边engineering survey---工程测量engineering control network---工程控制网construction control network---施工控制网control network for deformation observation---变形观测控制网precision---n,精度sensitivity---n,灵敏度reliability---n,可靠性construction survey---施工测量free station---自由设站法as-built survey---竣工测量setting-out survey,construction layout---施工放样setting-out of main axis---主轴线放样building axis survey---建筑轴线测量property line survey---建筑红线测量construction plan---施工平面图site map---工地总平面图cross section---横断面profile diagram，profile---纵断面图profile survey---纵断面测量cross-section survey---横断面测量Unit 20 Understanding the GPS(1) constellation---n,星群atmospheric drag---大气阻力solar panel---太阳能电池板pseudorange---n,伪距synchronize---v,同步synchronized---adj,同步的segment---n,部分altitude---n,高度，海拔orbital plane---轨道平面a master control station---主控站satellite ranging---卫星测距3-dimensiomal---latitude,longitude,altitude Unit 21 Understanding the GPS(2) ionosphere---n,电离层troposphere---n,对流层interference---n,干扰ephemeris---n,星历表nanosecond---n,纳秒antenna---n,天线space segment---空间部分control segment---控制部分user segment---用户部分GPS receiver ---GPS接收机GPS constellation---GPS星座master control station---主控站monitor station---监控站atomic clock---原子钟clock error---钟差broadcast ephemeris---广播星历precise ephemeris---精密星历Coarse/Acquisition Code (C/A code)---C/A码precise code---精码ionospheric delay---电离层延迟tropospheric delay---对流层延迟multipath effect---多路径效应Selective A vailability(SA)---选择可用性reference receiver---基准接收机roving receiver---流动接收机receiver antenna---接收机天线real-time kinematic(RTK)---实时动态定位differential GPS(DGPS)---差分GPS differential correction---差分改正real-time differential correction---实时差分改正post-processed differential correction---后处理差分改正sunspot---n,太阳黑点Unit 23 GIS Basicsdistinguish---v,区别，辨别attribute---n,属性v,归结于digitizer---n,数字转换器raster---n,光栅vector---n,向量，矢量overlay---n,覆盖，覆盖图buffering---n,缓冲theme---n,主题scanner---n,扫描仪optical disk---光盘floppy disk---软盘magnetic disk---磁带survey documents---测量文档Unit 24 Data Types and Models in GIS resolution---n,分辨度，分辨率postal code---邮递区号meander---v,蜿蜒而流，漫步border---n,边界vegetion---n,植被Unit 28 Fundamentals of Remote Sensing exemplify---vt,例证moisture---n,湿度synthetic aperture radar(SAR)---合成孔径雷达side-looking---adj,侧视的Unit 38concise---adj,简洁familiar---adj,通俗fluid---adj,流畅Author and affiliation---作者和通讯地址Abstract and keywords---摘要和关键字Methods or Procedures---Results and discussion or conclusion--- Acknowledgments---n,致谢Reference---n,参考文献School of Geodesy and Geomatics---测绘学院。
测绘专业英语
一、geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surveying and mapping 测绘photogrammetry 摄影测量学re mote sensing ( RS) 遥感global positioning system ( GPS) 全球定位系统satellite positioning 卫星定位geographic information systems ( GIS) 地理信息系统land management 土地管理computer graphics 计算机图形学二、geodetic surveying 大地测量,大地测量学plane surveying 平面测量, 平面测量学control survey 控制测量horizontal survey 水平测量, 平面测量vertical survey 高程测量, 垂直测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey ( property survey, boundary survey, cadastralsurvey)土地测量,地籍测量route survey 路线测量pipe survey 管道测量city survey 城市测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量三、distance measurement 距离测量precise ranging 精密测距pacing 步测, 定步distance measuring instrument, rangefinder 测距仪E D M (electronic distance measurement) 电子测距仪geodimeter 光速测距仪, 光电测距仪electro magnetic distance measuring instrument 电磁波测距仪electro-optical distance measuring instrument 光电测距仪long-range E D M instrument 远程电子测距仪infrared ED M instrument 红外测距仪laser distance measuring instrument,laser ranger 激光测距仪microwave distance measuring instrument 微波测距仪satellite laser ranger 卫星激光测距仪two-color laser ranger 双色激光测距仪distance- measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proport ional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距m ult ipl ication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数stadia multiplication constant 视距乘常数stadia addition constant 视距加常数standard f ield of length 长度标准检定场nominal accuracy 标称精度stadia hair 视距丝,视距线stadia interval 视距间隔四、horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角depression angle 俯角,俯视角zenith distance 天顶距elevation angle 高度角horizontal circle 水平刻度盘vertical circle 垂直度盘true north 真北geodet ic azim uth 大地方位角grid bearing 坐标方位角gyro azim uth 陀螺方位角m agnetic azimuth 磁方位角m ethod by series, method of direction observation 方向观测法m ethod in al l com binations 全组合测角法五、control network 控制网horizontal control network 平面控制网,水平控制网vertical control network 高程控制网control point 控制点triangulat ion 三角测量tri lateration 三边测量triangulaterat ion 边角测量forward intersection 前方交会resection 后方交会side intersection 侧方交会l inear-angular intersection 边角交会法l inear intersect ion 边交会法traversing 导线测量traverse point 导线点traverse leg 导线边traverse angle 导线折角open traverse 支导线closed traverse 闭合导线closed loop traverse 闭合环导线connecting traverse 附和导线angle closing error of traverse 导线角度闭合差totallength closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差closing error in coordinate increment 坐标增量闭合差traverse network 导线网triangulaterat ion network 边角网triangulat ion network 三角网trilateration network 三边网survey specif ications,specif ications of surveys 测量规范六、reference datum 参考基面, 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956 黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985 国家高程基准Direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量Differential leveling 微差水准测量trigonometric leveling 三角高程测量barometric leveling 气压水准测量gravimetric leveling 重力水准测量river-crossing leveling 跨河水准测量B M (bench mark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight ( BS) 后尺foresight ( FS) 前尺height of instrument ( HI) 仪器高height of target ( H T ) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附和水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线refraction correct ion 折光差改正elevation of sight 视线高程Optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪1-1、The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science and/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。
测绘英语第二章原文加翻译
Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量）Surveying has been traditionally defined as the art and science of determining the position of natural and artificial features on, above or below the earth’s surface; and representing this information in analog form as a contoured map, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three dimensional mathematical model stored in the computer. （测量传统定义为确定地表、地下和地上的自然与人工地貌特征【features形态、特征】；并使之按比例【in analog form】测绘成地形图【contoured map】、平面图【paper plan】或图表，或形成报告图表，或以数字形式形成三维立体数学模型存储进计算机。
）As such, the surveyor/geodesist dealt with the physical and mathematical aspect of measurement. （同样的，测量员/大地测量学家处理的就是测量出的物理的和数学的特征）The accurate determination and monumentation【标石、标志】 of points on the surface of the Earth is therefore seen as the major task. （因此精确确定并标定地表点位便成为测量的主要任务）Though these surveys are for various purposes, still the basic operations are the same---they involve measurements and computations or, basically, fieldwork and office work. （虽然测量工作有不同目的，基本的操作却都一样――他们包括测量和计算，或更基本地称之为，外业工作和内业工作）There are many different types of surveys such as land surveys, route surveys, city surveys, construction surveys, hydrographic surveys, etc., but generally speaking, surveying is divided into two major categories: geodetic and plane surveying. （测量分为许多不同的类型，如土地测量，路线测量，城市测量，建筑测量，水道测量等等，但是总的来说，测量分为两个主要的种类：大地测量和平面测量）Surveys will either take into account the true shape of the Earth（Geodetic surveys）or treat the earth as a flat surface(Plane surveys). （是考虑地球真实形状的大地测量还是将地球当成一个平面的平面测量【紧跟着上句】）Additionally, surveys are conducted【表现】 for the purpose of positioning features on the ground(Horizontal surveys), determining the elevation or heights of features(Vertical surveys) or a combination of both.（另外，测量还分为确定平面位置的水平测量和确定海拔的高程测量或两者的综合。
测绘专业英语翻译
一、Interpretations1.a level surface 水平面2.a horizontal plane 一个水平面3.surveying 测量学4.spirit leveling 直接水平5.DS3 Levels DS3水准仪6.J6 theodolite J6经纬仪7.traversing 导线测量8.control surveying 控制测量9.topographic surveying 地形测量10.topographic map 地形图11.photogrammetry 摄影测量12.remote sensing 遥感13.map地图14.the global positioning system 全球定位系统15.the geographic information system地理信息系统二、Translation1.A vertical line in the direction toward the center of the earth is to be said in thedirection of the nadir. A vertical line in the direction away from the center of the earthand above observer’s head is said to directed toward the zenith.翻译：一条铅垂线的方向朝向地心被称为朝向天底方向。
一条铅垂线的方向远离地心并超过观测者头部被称为朝向天顶方向。
2.The more general case occurs when the two points to be compared are in suchsituations as they are far apart or there are some obstacles to them. So it is impossibleto set up the level only once to determine the result.翻译：大多数情况下当两点在远距离的情况下对比的时候他们之间就会存在一些障碍。
测绘工程专业英语pdf
测绘工程专业英语pdf测绘工程专业英语涉及了该领域的专业词汇和表达方式。
以下是一些常见的测绘工程专业英语词汇和短语：1. surveying engineering：测绘工程2. mapping：测绘3. surveying instrument：测绘仪器4. surveying chain：测链5. leveling instrument：水准仪6. theodolite：经纬仪7. global positioning system (GPS)：全球定位系统8. digital elevation model (DEM)：数字高程模型9. digital terrain model (DTM)：数字地形模型10. remote sensing：遥感11. image processing：图像处理12. geographic information system (GIS)：地理信息系统13. map projection：地图投影14. coordinate system：坐标系15. triangulation：三角测量16. traverse surveying：导线测量17. leveling：水准测量18. GPS positioning：GPS定位19. map compilation：地图编制20. photogrammetry：摄影测量21. structure from motion (SfM)：运动结构法22. close-range surveying：近景测量23. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)：激光雷达测量24. bathymetry：水深测量25. grading and layout：土方量计算与施工布置26. map updating：地图更新。
测绘工程专业英语复习资料
Unit1 What is GeomaticsGeomatics :Where does the word Geomatics come from GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS = GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and -MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics .Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment . Geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences .ISO: the International Standards Organization ( ISO)surveyor:The term“surveyor”is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the above activities .Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane SurveyingGeodetic Surveying : The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth is called geodetic surveying . This type of survey is suited for large areas and long lines and is used to find the precise location of basic points needed for establishing control for other surveys .In geodetic surveys, the stations are norm ally long distances apart, and more precise instruments and surveying methods are required for this type of surveying than for plane surveying .Geodetic control survey points:Widely spaced , permanent monuments serve as the basis for computing lengths and distances between relative positions . These basic points with permanent monuments are called geodetic control survey points, which support the production of consistent and compatible data for surveying and mapping projects .Plane Surveying :The type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered a plane, or in which the curvature of the earth can be disregarded without significant error, generally is called plane surveying .The term is used to designate survey work in which the distancesor areas involved are of limited extent .the curvature of the earth must be taken into consideration only in precisesurveys of large areas .Surveys for the location and construction of high ways, railroads, canals, and in general, the surveys necessary for the works of human beings are plane surveys, as are the surveys made to establish boundaries, except state and national .There is close cooperation between geodetic surveying and plane surveying . The geodetic survey adopts the parameters determined by measurements of the earth , and its own results are available to those who measure the earth . The plane surveys, in turn , are generally tied to the control points of the geodetic surveys and serve particularly in thedevelopment of national map series and in the formation of real estate cadastres .Unit3 Distance MeasurementElectronic Distance Measurement (EDM): EDM instruments refer to the distance measurement equipments using light and radio waves . Both light waves and radio waves are electromagnetic .The advent of EDM instrument has completely revolutionized all surveying procedures, resulting in a change of emphasis and techniques .优点：Distance can now be measured easily , quickly and with great accuracy , regardless of terrain conditions .分类：The EDM instruments may be classified according to the type and wavelength of the electromagnetic energy generated or according to their operational range . EDM instruments use three different wavelength bands: ( 1) Microwave systems with range up to 150 km , wavelength 3 cm , not limited to line of sight and unaffected by visibility; (2 ) Light wave systems with range up to 5 km (for small machines) , visible light, lasers and distance reduced by visibility; ( 3) Infrared systems with range up to 3 km , limited to line of sight and limited by rain , fog , other airborne particles .两种方法：There are basically two methods of measurement employed which may divide the instruments into two classification as electro-optical (light waves) and microwaves ( radio waves) instruments . These two basic methods are namely the pulse method and more popular phase differentmethod . They function by sending light waves or microwaves along the path to be measured and measuring the time differences between transmitted and received signals, or in measuring the phase differences between transmitted and received signals in returning the reflecting light wave to source .Unit 4 Angle and Direction MeasurementA vertical line: A vertical line at any point on the earth’s surface is the line that follows the direction of gravity at that point . It is the direction that a string will assume if a weight is attached at that point and the string is suspended freely at the point . At a given point there is only one vertical line .A horizontal line: A horizontal line at a point is any line that is perpendicular to the verticalline at the point . At any point there are an unlimited number of horizontal lines .A horizontal plane: A horizontal plane at a point is the plane that is perpendicular to the vertical line at the point . There is only one horizontal plane through a given point .A vertical plane: A vertical plane at a point is any plane that contains the vertical line at the point . T here are an unlimited number of vertical planes at a given point .A horizontal angle: A horizontal angle is the angle formed in a horizontal plane by two intersecting vertical planes, or a horizontal angle between two lines is the angle between the projections of the lines onto a horizontalplane .A vertical angle: A vertical angle is an angle measured in a vertical plane which is referenced to a horizontal line by plus (up) or minus ( down ) angles, or to a vertical line from the zenith direction .Zenith: Zenith is the term describing points on a celestial sphere that is a sphere of infinitely large radius with its center at the center of the earth .Azimuth: Azimuth is the horizontal angle measured in a clock wise direction from the plane of the meridian , which is a line on the mean surface of the earth joining the north and south poles .Bearing: Bearing is the traditional way of stating the orientation of the line . It is actually the angle measured from the north or south .Unit 5 TraversingTraversing : A survey traverse is a sequence of lengths and directions of lines between points on the earth, obtained by or fro m field angle and distance measurements and used in deter mining positions of the points . In general, a traverse is always classified as either an open traverse or a closed traverse.An open traverse:An open traverse originates either at a point of known horizontal position with respect to a horizontal datum or at an assumed horizontal position , and terminates at a station whose relative position is not previously known .A closed traverse: A closed traverse can be described in any one of the following two ways: ( 1) A closed loop traverse , as the name implies, forms a continuous loop , enclosing an area . This type of closed traverse starts at assumed horizontal position or at a known horizontal position with respect to a horizontal datum and ends at the same point .比较：The open traverse provides no check against mistakes and large errors for its termination at an unknown horizontal position and lack of geometric closure . This lack of geometric closure means that there is no geometric verification possible with respect to the actual positioning of the traverse stations . Thus, the measuring technique must be refined to provide for field verification . At a minimum , distances are measured twice and angles are doubled . Open traverses are often used for preliminary survey for a road or railroad .Closed traverses, whether they return to the starting point or not, provide checks on the measured angles and distances . In both cases, the angles can be closed geometrically , and the position closure can be determined mathematically . Therefore they are more desirable and used extensively in control, construction , property , and topographic surveys .angular closure: The difference between the geometric sum and actual field sum of the interior angles is called angular closure .latitude: By definition , latitude here is the north/ south rectangular component of a line and departure is the east/ west rectangular component of a line .Unit 6 Methods of Elevation DeterminationElevation: An elevation is a vertical distance above or below a reference datum .MSL : mean seal level (MSL) . MSL is assigned a vertical value (elevation) of 0 .000 ft or 0 .000 m .Direct or spirit leveling:Direct or spirit leveling, by measuring vertical distances directly . Direct leveling is most precise method of deter mining elevations and the one commonly used .In direct or trigonometric leveling:In direct or trigonometric leveling, by measuring vertical angles and horizontal or slope distances .B S : a is called Backsight (BS) which is a rod reading taken on a point of known elevation in order to establish the elevation of the instrument line of sight .F S : b is called Foresight (FS) which is a rod reading taken on a turning point, benchmark , or temporary benchmark in order to determine its elevation .比较：Spirit Leveling :The most precise method of determining elevations and most commonly used method.Trigonometric leveling is used where difficult terrain , such as mountainous areas, precludes the use of conventional differential leveling.The important notes should be mentioned here is that surveyors used toworking with spirit levels have referenced orthometric heights (H) to the“average”surface of the earth , as d epicted by MSL . However, the elevation coordinate (h) given by GPS solutions refers to the height from the surface of the ellipsoid to the ground station .Unit 7 Robotic Total StationTotal Station:the total station that integrate these two instruments into a single instrument . Total stations contain built-in microprocessors that calculate and display the horizontal distance from the measured slope distance and vertical height .A total station is the most commonly used instruments now in geomatics engineering , which is fully integrated instrument that capture all the spatial data necessary for a 3-dimensional positional information . A total station integrates the functions of an electronic theodolite for measuring angles, an EDM for measuring distances, digital data and a data recorder .Total stations allow the measurement of m any points on a surface being observed within a very short time range .Robotic Total Station:特点: When those total stations have been designed with automatic target recognition ( ATR ) function , they allow the user to automatically track , measure and record targets . Current technology provides robotic (motorized) total stations that are able to measure angles with an accuracy of ±0 .5″and dis tances with an acc uracy of ±1 mm + 1 pp m to a range of 3500m . Latest models are capable of searching automaticallyfor targets and then locking onto them precisely , turning angles automatically to designated points using the uploaded coordinates of those points , repeating angles by automatically double-centering , and even equipped with automatic data transfer systems . These instruments, when combined with a remote controller held by the prism surveyor, enable the survey to proceed with a reduced need for personnel . All these characteristics make the robotic total stations very useful for geomatics engineering tasks .Take advantage of the measuring speed and have multiple rod people on larger jobs . Robotic total stations are already being used in hazardous areas to provide continuous monitoring of structures or processes.Unit 8 Errors in MeasurementA direct measurement: A direct measurement is one where the reading observed represents the quantity measured , without a need to add , take averages or use geometric formulas to compute the value desired .An indirect measurement: An indirect measurement requires calculation and can be determined from its mathematical relationship to direct measurements w hen it is not possible or practical to make direct measurements .error: By definition , an error is the difference between a measured value for any quantity and its true value . The sources of errors fall into three broad categories.Instrumental Errors : These errors are caused by imperfections in instrument construction or adjustment . For example, the divisions on a theodolite or total station instrument may not be spaced uniformly . These error sources are present whether the equipment is read manually or digitally .Natural Errors : These errors are caused by variation in the surrounding environment conditions, such as atmospheric pressure, temperatures wind , gravitational fields, and magnetic fields , etc .Person al Errors : These errors arise due to limitations in hum an senses, such as the ability to read a micrometer or to center a level bubble . T he sizes of these errors are affected by personal ability to see and by manual dexterity .Mistakes :Mistakes or blunders ( gross errors ) actually are not errors because they usually are so gross in magnitude compared to the other two types of errors . Carelessness, inattention , improper training , badhabits, poor judgment, adverse measuring or observing conditions, and various negative attitudes and emotions are the traces or the common reasons for mistakes .Systematic Errors : Systematic Errors are defined as those errors whose magnitude and algebraic sign can be calculated and applied as a correction to the measured quantity , or these errors follow some physicallaw and thus can be predicted .Some systematic errors are removed by some correct measurement procedures (e .g ., balancing backsight and foresight distances in differential leveling to compensate for earth curvature and refraction ) . Others are removed by deriving corrections based on the physical conditions that were responsible for their creation (e .g ., applying a computed correction for earth curvature and refraction on a trigonometric leveling observation) . Surveyors should know how to deal with systematic errors . The first requirement is to recognize and accept the possible existence of errors . Next, identify the various sources that might be affecting a reading systematically , then , determine w hat the“syste m”is . Once syste matic errors discovered and quantified , the errors can be essentially compensated by certain processes of measuring or corrected to reduce their effect .Random Errors : Random (also known as accident) errors are introduced into each measurement mainly because of human and instrument imperfections as w ell as uncertainties in determining the effects of the environment on measurements .Examples of random errors are (a) imperfect centering over a ground point during distance measurement with an EDM instrument, (b) bubble not centered at the instant a level rod is read , and (c) small errors in reading graduated scales .Unit 9 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random ErrorsRandom errors: Random errors are those variables that remain after mistakes are detected and eliminated and all systematic errors have been removed or corrected from the measured values .rando merrors follow the following empirical rules:(1 ) A random error will not exceed a certain amount .(2 ) Positive and negative random errors may occur at the same frequency .(3 ) Errors that are small in magnitude are more likely to occur than those that are larger in magnitude .(4 ) The mean of random errors tends to zero as the sample size tends to infinite .Mean: The most comm only used measure of central tendency is the mean of a set of data (a sample) . The concept of mean refers to the most probable value of the random variable .The mean is defined as x̅=1n ∑x xxx=1where x x are the observations, n is the sample size , or total number of observations in the sample , and x̅is the mean which is also called most probable value ( MPV ) .Standard deviation:Standard deviation is a numerical value indicating the amount of variation about a central value .Propagation of errors (or error propagation): Error propagation is one of the many aspects of analyzing errors . It is the mathematical process used to estimate the expected random error in a computed or indirectly measured quantity , caused by one or more identified and estimated random errors inone or more identified variables that influence the precision of the quantity .Unit 10 Accuracy and PrecisionPrecision: The degree of refinement in the performance of an operation , or the degree of perfection in the instruments and methods used to obtain a result, or an indication of the uniformity or reproducibility of a result . Precision relates to the quality of an operation by which a result is obtained , and is distinguished from accuracy , which relates to the quality of the result .Accuracy:The degree of conformity of a final measured value , with respect to the true value as defined by accepted standard (the“truth”) .区别：So from the analysis of precision and accuracy , several important facts should be mentioned as follows . (1) Scatter is an“ indicator of precision”; the wider the scatter of a set of results about the mean , the less reliable they will be compared with results having a small scatter . (2) Precision must not be confused with accuracy; the former is a relative grouping without regard to the nearness to the truth , whilst the latter denotes absolute nearness to the truth . (3) Precision may be regarded as an index of accuracy only when all sources of error, other than random errors, have been eliminated .An example that explains the difference between precision and accuracy better than any other in surveying has to do with error of closure in traversing . Many surveyors seem to think that error of closure checks the accuracy of the work . Wrong ! Error of closure primarily checks the precision ,not the accuracy . It checks accuracy only in that it can find blunders . But, since it cannot detect systematic errors in the distances, it cannot fully check accuracy .Unit 31 Interferometric SAR( In SAR )Radar interferometry: Radar interferometry is a technique for extracting three-dimensional information of theEarth’s surface by using the phase content of radar signal as an additional informationsource derived from the complex radar data .SAR:Synthetic Aperture Radar is an active sensor transmitting and receiving microwave signals,i.e. measuring distances between the sensor and the point on the Earth’s surface,where the signal is backscattered .The sensor emits electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and then records the strength and time delay of the returning signal to produce images of the ground .The interferometric data processing scheme includes in general (1) registration of the complex images, (2) the formation of the interferograms, (3) the phase unwrapping, and (4)the digital elevation model reconstruction .1.To DEFINE the background and argument of the present study:➢Although(the research subject)…,(the related problem)… is as yet undetermined➢(The research subject)…, however, (the related problem)… remains unsolved.➢(Previous studies) have examined…, (the related problem) is that…, despite…➢(Problems in certain research area) are…, yet (the present solution) has frequently been questioned bec ause…➢This paper describes/presents… (the argument) within… (a theoretical context)➢While (the debate on certain research subject) seems to…, (the present agreement) is still problematic.2.To STATE the purpose of the present study:➢This paper advances the view that…➢The article advocates/discusses/develops/focuses on/gives detailed explanation for/investigates into/proposes/holds that/…➢The purpose/intention of this paper is…➢The primary goal/aim of this research is…➢The overall objective of this study is…➢In this paper/study, we aim at…➢The work/investigation presented in this paper focuses on…➢This research is designed to determine/measure/evaluate…➢The author intends/attempts o outline the framework of/obtain some knowledge of…3.To DESCRIBE the angle of observing issues:➢… from the angle of…➢… in the light of the context that…➢To view something at a different angle/from various angles…➢From the point of view of…➢From the perspective of…4.To INTRODUCE the main participants or materials:➢The present study has investigated… by using/analyzing… (participants/m)➢In this study, we inquired/examined/evaluated… (participants/materials)➢The experiments/investigations of the present study involved…(p/materials)5.To DESCRIBE research method and procedures:➢Detailed information has been acquired by the authors using..➢Several sets of experiments have been performed to test the validity of…➢The technique the author adopted is referred to as…➢The experiments consisted of four steps, which are described in…➢The method/approach used in the present study is…➢The experiment/investigation in the paper is conducted by adopting…➢The procedure the present study followed can be briefly described as…➢The experiment/study consisted of the following steps: …➢Included in the experiment were…➢Based on the idea that…, we conducted the present study, categorized…, and evaluated…6.To PRESENT results, findings and conclusion:➢The results of the experiment indicate/suggest that…; it is also found that…➢The results are as follows: …➢The analysis of the samples indicates that..➢The data obtained seem to be very similar o those reported earlier by…➢It is concluded that..; the results also imply the further study into…➢The inves tigation/experiment varied by… and the results also revealed that…➢These findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion that…➢Based on/upon the outcome/findings of the research, …➢The data/results obtained appear to…, thus we may conclude that…➢As a result of the current experiments, we conclude that…➢The author points out/recommends/concludes that…➢In summing up it may be stated that…➢All the preliminary results throw light on the nature of…。
测绘学英文术语
测绘学名词01.总类序码汉文名英文名01.001 测绘学 surveying and mapping, SM01.002 中华人民共和国测绘法 Law of Surveying and Mapping of the People's Republic of China 01.003 测绘标准 standards of surveying and mapping01.004 测量规范 specifications of surveys01.005 地形图图式 topographic map symbols01.006 大地测量学 geodesy01.007 地球形状 earth shape, figure of the earth01.008 重力基准网 gravity standard network01.009 重力场 gravity field01.010 地心坐标系geocentric coordinate system01.011 地球椭球 earth ellipsoid01.012 大地原点 geodetic origin01.013 水准原点leveling origin01.014 测量标志 survey mark01.015 测量觇标 observation target01.016 高程基准 height datum01.017 1954年北京坐标系 Beijing geodetic coordinate system195401.018 高程系统 height system01.019 平均海[体]面 mean sea level01.020 黄海平均海[水]面 Huanghai mean sea level01.021 海拔 height above sea level01.022 海军导航卫星系统 Navy Navigation Satellite System，NNSS01.023 NAVSTAR全球定位系统 NAVSTAR Global Positioning System，NAVSTAR GPS 01.024 惯性测量系统 inertial surveying system，ISS01.025 摄影测量与遥感学 photogrammetry and remote sensing01.026 航空摄影测量 aerophotogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry01.027 航天摄影测量（又称“太空摄影测量”） space photogrammetry01.028 非地形摄影测量 non-topographic photogrammetry01.029 水下摄影测量 underwater photogrammetry01.030 航空航天摄影 aero—space photogrammetry01.031 航空遥感 aerial remote sensing01.032 航天遥感 space remote sensing01.033 图像 image01.034 影像 image, imagery01.035 图形 Graphics01.036 判读（又称“判释”、“解译”） interpretation01.037 模拟摄影测量 analog photogrammetry01.038 解析摄影测量 analytical photogrammetry, numerical photogrammetry 01.039 数字摄影测量 digital photogrammetry01.040 数字地图模型（又称“数值地型”） digital terrain model, DTM01.041 遥感图象处理 image processing of remote sensing01.042 遥感模式识别 pattern recognition of remote sensing01.043 地图制图学（又称“地图学”） cartography01.044 地理坐标网 geographic graticule01.045 经纬网 fictitious graticule01.046 方里网 kilometer grid01.047 邻带方里网 grid of neighboring zone01.048 坐标格网 coordinate grid01.049 地理坐标参考系 geographical reference system，GEOREF01.050 地图 map01.051 地形图 topographic map01.052 平面图 plan01.053 普通地图 general map01.054 专题地图 thematic map01.055 地图集 atlas01.056 地球仪 globe01.057 地图规范 map specifications01.058 地图生产 map production01.059 地图投影 map projection01.060 地图编制（又称“编图”） map compilation01.061 地图复制 map reproduction01.062 地图印刷 map printing01.063 地图利用 map use01.064 地图量算 cartometry01.065 机助地图制图computer-aided cartography，computer-assisted cartography, CAC 01.066 自动化制图 automatic cartography01.067 自动绘图 automatic plotting01.068 图形显示 graphic display01.069 遥感制图 remote sensing mapping01.070 地名学 toponomastics, toponymy01.071 地名 geographical name, place name01.072 工程测量学 engineering surveying01.073 比例尺 scale01.074 基本比例尺 basic scale01.075 等高线 contour01.076 等高距 contour interval01.077 测量平差 survey adjustment， adjustment of observations 01.078 精度估计 precision estimation01.079 精［密］度 precision01.080 准确度 accuracy01.081 偶然误差 accident error01.082 系统误差 systematic error01.083 粗差 gross error01.084 常差 constant error01.085 多余观测 redundant observation01.086 闭合差 closing error, closure01.087 限差 tolerance01.088 相对误差 relative error01.089 绝对误差 absolute error01.090 中误差 mean square error01.091 误差椭圆 error ellipse01.092 边长中误差 mean square error of side length01.093 测角中误差 mean square error of angle observation01.094 方位角中误差 mean square error of azimuth01.095 坐标中误差 mean square error of coordinate01.096 点位中误差 mean square error of a point01.097 高程中误差 mean square error of height01.098 国土基础信息系统 land base information system01.099 大地控制数据库 geodetic data base01.100 重力数据库 gravimetric data base01.101 地形数据库 topographic data base01.102 地理信息系统 geographical information system，GIS01.103 地图数据库 map data base01.104 地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base management system 01.105 地名数据库 place-name data base01.106 地籍信息系统 cadastral information system01.107 土地信息系统 land information system，LIS01.108 制图专家系统 cartographic expert system01.109 海洋测绘 hydrographic surveying and charting01.110 测绘仪器 instrument of surveying and mapping01.111 大地测量仪器 geodetic instrument01.112 测距仪 distance measuring instrument，rangefinder01.113 重力仪 gravimeter01.114 定位系统 positioning system01.115 摄影测量仪器 photogrammetric instrument01.116 立体测图仪 stereoplotter01.117 数字摄影测量工作站 digital photogrammetric station01.118 全数字化自测图系统 full digital automatic mapping system01.119 图形输入设备 graphic input unit01.120 图形输出设备 graphic output unit01.121 中国测绘学会 Chinese Society of Surveying and Mapping， CSSM01.122 国际测绘联合会 International Union of Surveying and Mapping， IUSM01.123 国际测量师联合会 Federation Internationale des Geometres，FIG（法语）01.124 国际大地测量学与地球物理学International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics， IUGG01.125 国际大地测量学协会International Association of Geodesy IAG01.126 国际摄影测量与遥感学会 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing，ISPRS01.127 国际地图学协会 International Cartographic Association，ICA01.128 国际海道测量组织 International Hydrography Organization, IHO02．大地测量学02.001 大地测量 geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro--geodetic network02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球 Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centering02.033 归心改正correction for centering02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network 02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient 02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高 dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083 高斯一克吕格投影 Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
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系统误差systematic error
测量的误差在大小和符号上趋于一致或按一定规律变化或保持为常数.
b.偶然误差random error
偶然误差也叫随机误差.其误差量值和符号的变化是没有规律的.
c.粗差Gross error or blunder
粗差也称错误一般大于5倍的中误差.
2.精度(精确度) accuracy 评定测量成果质量的数量指标.
a.平均误差average error Mav = ΣΔ/n;
b.中误差RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) M = sqrt(ΣΔΔ/n );
c.极限误差Limit error 2M
d.相对误差relative error
中误差与观测值之比叫做相对中误差. 航测中常用航高的几千分之一来表示高程精度例如H/8000.
e.标准偏差standard deviation
与中误差类似欧美国家常用的评定精度指标.
3.测量平差Survey adjustment
对一组观测值的误差进行合理配赋求出最可靠的计算值作为终值并对结果的精度进行评定。
最小二乘法（Least Square Method）是测量平差的基础。
其基本原理是：ΣPVV = minimum;
4.三角测量Triangulation
通过观测三角网内各三角点上所有三角形的内角，并测定三角网的一些边，由某一三角点的已知坐标及一边的方位角，根据三角形的几何关系，推算其他点的坐标这些测量与计算工作叫做三角测量。
5. 4D产品4D products
a. DEM ( DTM )―Digital Elevation Model ( Digital Terrain Model ) 数字高程模型（数字地面模型）
b. DOM ( Digital Orthophoto Map )数字正射影像图
c. DLG（Digital Line Graph ）or DTI ( Digital Thematic Information )数字线划图或数字专题信息
d. DRG ( Digital Raster Graph ) 数字栅格图
6.三S―GPS，GIS，RS
a. GPS-Global Positioning System全球定位系统
b. GIS-Geographic Information Syste地理信息系统
c. RS-Remote Sensing遥感
Ⅱ.坐标系统Coordinate systems
1.大地坐标系Geodetic coordinate system
大地参考reference system: 克拉索夫斯基参考椭球体大地经度longitude 大地纬度latitude 大地方位角azimuth
2.高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss planar rectangular coordinate system
投影面project plane：高斯-克吕格正形投影面一种横轴圆柱投影. 1954北京坐标系
3.其它坐标系：UTM墨卡托投影坐标系：Universal Transverse
Mercator Projection
WGS 84坐标系
4.高程基准Vertical datum
1956 1985黄海高程系
Ⅲ. 常用测量仪器
1.经纬仪theodolite
2.水准仪level or leveling instrument
3.激光测距仪Laser geodimeter
4.全站仪total station
5.全球定位系统GPS-Global Positioning System
6.立体测图仪Stereoplotter
7.解析测图仪Analytical stereoplotter
8.正射投影仪Orthophoto projector
9.航空摄影机Arial camera
10.编辑工作站Editing workstation
11.数控绘图机Digital plotter
Ⅳ.大地测量Geodesy
1. ⅠⅡ等三角点Triangulation points of gradeⅠⅡ
Ⅰ、Ⅱ等三角点，是构成国家大地三角网的高等级埋石标志点。
2. 大地三角网Geodetic triangulation network
大地三角网，是指由Ⅰ、Ⅱ等三交点组成的国家Ⅰ等骨架三角锁和Ⅱ
等三角网。
3.国家高程控制网National Elevation ControlNetwork
国家高程控制网由高精度的一、二等水准路线网构成。
然后在此网内用三、四等水准网加密，以便控制地形测图。
4.大地坐标带Geodetic zone 6度带-以格林尼治零子午线为准沿经线按6度经差分带。
3度带- 城市测量，工程测量等一般按3度带计算高斯平面直角坐标。
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