湿地生态学英文共32页文档
湿地生态学英文
OK, so what happens to terrestrial plants and animals?
• Macrophytes and metazoan animals respire aerobically (O2 is final e- acceptor in respiration). • Reduced compounds are generally more toxic than oxidized compounds. • So lack of O2 is a stressor that wetlanddependent species must be adapted to.
Our definition and criteria are used to make decisions about what is right and wrong with respect to how society protects and utilizes wetlands.
Definition and delineation of wetlands is difficult and highly contentious:
Vegetation Criterion
• Lands that support a preponderance of plants that are adapted to growing under conditions of substrate inundation or saturation.
OK, makes sense, but why these three criteria?
• Let’s look at what happens when a soil is saturated or inundated:
生态保护相关(汉英互译)
湿地是地球之肾，森林是地球之肺，绿地是地球之肝，海洋是地球之胃。
以上称呼，有的被公认，有的还有待考证。
但是地球上能够承载几十亿人类，能够孕育这么发达的文明，和地球上的土壤分不开。
也许应该称土壤是“地球之脾”。
因为有了地球上的土壤，才孕育出丰富多彩的世界。
Wetlands are the kidneys of the earth, forests are the lungs of the earth, green Spaces are the liver of the earth, and oceans are the stomach of the earth.Some of these terms have been accepted and some have yet to be proved.But the ability of the earth to support billions of people, to nurture such a developed civilization, is inseparable from the earth's soil.Perhaps the soil should be called the "spleen of the earth".It is because of the earth's soil that the rich and colorful world is born.湿地，被称为“地球之肾”，与森林、海洋并列为全球三大生态系统类型，它是水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统，具有季节或常年积水、生长或栖息喜湿动植物等基本特征，是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。
Wetlands, known as the "kidney of the earth, and the forests, oceans and listed as the world's three big ecosystem types, it is a land and sea interactions formed unique ecosystems, with seasonal or year-round water, growth or habitat hygrophilous plants and animals, the basic characteristics of is one of nature's most rich biological diversity of ecological landscape and one of the most important human living environment.森林－地球之肺，通过绿色植物的光合作用，不但能转化太阳能而形成各种各样的有机物(森林每年提供28.3亿吨有机物，占陆地植物生产有机物总产量53亿吨的53. 4%)，而且靠光合作用吸收大量的二氧化碳和放出氧气。
生态学专业英语
生态学专业英语第一篇：生态学专业英语Plot 样方Treatment 处理materials 材料field trial 大田试验design 设计 sample 样品斑块 patch 半荒漠 semi-desert 伴生种 companion species 饱和密度 saturation density 北方针叶林 northern conifer forest 本能instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior 避敌 avoiding predator 边缘效应edge effect 变异性 variability表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation 并行的 simultaneous 捕食predation不重叠的 non-overlapping 草原生态系统 grassland system 层次性结构 hierachical structure 长日照植物 long day plant 尺度效应 scaling effect臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction 出生率natality或birth rate 初级生产者 primary producer 传感器 sensor垂直结构 vertical structure 春化 vernalization次生演替 secondary successon 存活曲线 survival curve 存活值survival value 存在度 presence 单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem 氮循环 nitrogen cycling 等级的 hierarchical 地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes 地上芽植物 chamaephytes点突变genic mutation或point mutation 顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落 climax community 顶极种 climax species动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory 短日照植物short day plant 断层gaps 多度 abundance 多样化 variety 多元的 poly thetic 厄尔尼诺 El Nino 反馈 feedback 反射 reflex 泛化种 generalist防卫行为 defennce behavior 非生物环境 physical environment 非线性关系 nonlinear 分布 dispersion 分解者 decomposer 分子进化的中性理论 the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学 molecular ecology 浮游动物 plankton 负反馈 negative feedback)负相互作用 negative interaction复合种群metapopulation 富营养化现象eutrohication 改良relamation 盖度 coverage 盖度比 cover ratio 干扰 disturbance 干扰作用 interference 高度 height高斯假说 Coarse's hypothesis 高位芽植物 phanerophytes 个体individual 更新 renewal功能生态位 functional niche 关键种 keystone species 关联系数association coefficients 光饱和点 light saturation point 光补偿点light compensation point 光周期photoperiod 旱生植物siccocolous 红树林 mangrove 呼吸量 respiration 互利 mutualism 互利作用synomonal 化感作用allelopathy 化学生态学chemical ecology 环境 environment环境容纳量 environmental carryin capacity 荒漠 desert荒漠化 desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem 黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon 恢复生态学 restoration ecology 混合型 mixed type 基础生态位 Fundamental niche 基质 matrix 集群型 clumped 寄生 parasitism加速期 accelerating phase 价值 value间接排序 indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis 减速期decelerating phase 简单聚合法 lumping 碱性植物 alkaline soil plant 建群种 constructive species 进化适应 evolutionary adaptation 经典型复合种群classic metapopulation 经济密度economic density 景观 landscape景观格局 landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model 景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型 spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学 landscape ecology 竞争 competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle 距离效应distance effect 聚合的 agglomerative 均匀型 uniform可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure 空间模型 spatial model 空间生态位 spatial niche 空间异质性 spatial heterogeneity 库 pool 廊道 corridor离散性 discrete 利己作用 allomona 利他作用 kairomonal 猎食行为hunting behavior 林冠火crown fire 磷循环phosphorus cycling 零假说 null hypothesis 领域性 territoriality 流 flow 逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation 密度density 密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density－dependent mortality 面积效应area effect 灭绝extinction 模拟hametic 模型modeling 内稳态homeostasis 内在的 intrinsic耐阴植物 shade－enduring plants能量分配原则 principle of energy allocation 能量流动 energy flow年龄分布 age distribution 年龄结构 age structure 偶见种 rare species 排序 ordination 配额 quota配偶选择mate selection 偏害amensalism 偏利commensalism 频度 frequency平衡选择 balancing selection 平台 plantform平行进化 parallel evolution 栖息地 habitat气候驯化 acclimatisation 器官 organs 趋光性 phototaxis 趋化性 chemotaxis趋同进化 convergent evolution 趋性 taxis趋异进化divergent evolution 趋异适应radiation adaptation取样调查法 sampling methods去除取样法 removal sampling 全球变暖 global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System 全球生态学global ecology 群丛association 群丛组association group 群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure 群落生态学community ecology 群落水平格局horizontal pattern 群落外貌physiognomy 群落演替 succession 群系 formation 群系组 formation group 热带旱生林 tropical dry forest 热带季雨林 tropical seasonal rainforest 热带稀树草原 tropical savanna 热带雨林 tropical rainforest 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch 人工廊道 introduced corridor 人口调查法 cencus technique人口统计学 human demography 日中性植物 day neutral plant 冗余 redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 熵值 entropy value社会性防卫行为defence behavior 社会优势等级dominance hierarchy 摄食行为 feed behavior 生活史 life history生活史对策life history strategy 生活小区 biotope 生活型 life form 生活周期 life cycle 生境 habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality 生理死亡率physiological mortality 生命表life table生态出生率 ecological natality 生态对策 bionomic strategy 生态反作用 ecological reaction生态幅 ecological amplitude 生态工程 ecological engineering 生态规划 ecological planning 生态恢复 ecological restoration 生态旅游 ecotourism 生态密度 ecological density 生态农业 ecological agriculture 生态入侵ecological invasion 生态设计ecologicaldesign 生态适应ecological adaptation 生态死亡率ecological mortality 生态位 niche生态位宽度 niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap 生态文明 ecological civilization 生态系统 ecosystem 生态系统产品ecosystem goods 生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity 生态系统服务ecosystem service 生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统学 ecosystemology生态型 ecotype 生态学 ecology生态因子ecological factor 生态元ecological unit 生态作用ecological effect 生物 organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity 生物量 biomass 生物潜能 biotic potential生物群落 biotic community，biome 生物群落演替 succession 生殖潜能reproductive potential 剩余空间residual space 湿地wetland 湿地植物 hygrophyte 时间结构 temporal structure 实际出生率realized natality 实际死亡率realized mortality 食草动物herbivores 食肉动物 carnivores 食物链 food chain食物网 food wed 矢量 vector 适合度 fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation 适应值adaptive value 适应组合adaptive suites 收获理论harvest theory 收益外泄externalized profit 衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern 水土流失 soil and water erosion 水循环 water cycling 死亡率 mortality & death rate 酸性土理论 acid soil plant 酸雨 acid rain 随机型 random常用生态学词汇，英汉对照abundance 多度acclimation 驯化age structure 年龄结构age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表agroecosystem 农业生态系统 alleles 等位基因allopatric speciation 异域性物种 asexual reproduction 无性生殖 association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论associations 群丛biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物浓缩biological enrichment 生物富集 biomass 生物量 biome 生物带bionomic strategy 生态对策 biosphere生物圈 bottle neck 瓶颈Some special words in ecology(C)cannibalism 同种相食carnivores 食肉动物 carring capacity 负荷量 catastrophic 灾难性因素 chamaephytes(Ch)地上芽植物 character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物 climate climax 气候顶级 climate school 气候学派 climax community 顶级群落 climax 顶级群落 cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落 clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互动态 co-evolution 协同进化 cohort 同生群 cold desert 冷荒漠 colonization 定居, 建群 coloration 色泽communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落 communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落 communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵 community organization 群落组织community 群落companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食 competition coefficient 竞争系数 competition hypothesis 竞争假说 competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争conservation 保守主义者conspicuousness 显著度 constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争 continental rise 大陆隆 continental shelf 大陆架 continental slope 大陆坡 convergent adaptation 趋同适应 convergent oscillation 趋同波动 cost of gene recombination 基因重组价 cost of mating 交配价 cost of meiosis减数分裂价 courtship behavior 求偶行为 coverage 盖度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隐芽植物Some special words in ecology(D)decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约 density effect 密度效应density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制约density-independent 非密度制约deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链 detritus feeder 食碎生物 development 发育diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表 diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争diominant-submissive 支配—从属directional selection 定向选择discrete generation 离散世代disruptive selection 分裂选择 disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级divergent oscillation 趋异波动dominance 优势度dominant species 建群种 dominant species 优势种dominant-submissive 支配—从属关系 dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 动态分类系统 dynamic life table 动态生命表dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表Some special words in ecology(E)earth nucleus 地幔 earth's crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生态幅ecological density 生态密度ecological dominance 生态优势 ecological environment 生态环境ecological equivalent 生态等值种ecological factor 生态因子ecological force 生态力ecological invasion 生态入侵ecological natality 生态出生率 ecological release 生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystem development 生态系统的发育 Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学 ecosystem 生态系统ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说ecotype 生态型ectotherm 外温动物 edge effect 边缘效应eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象 emergy 能值 emigration 迁出endogenous migration 内因性迁移 endotherm 内温动物environment hormone 环境激素 environment 环境equilibrium theory平衡理论euphotic zone 透光带 euryecious 广栖的 euryhaline 广盐性的euryhydric 广水性的 euryphagic 广食性的eurythermal 广温性的eurytopic species 广适种eutrophication 富营养化evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林 Evolution ecology 进化生态学 evolution force 进化力exogenous migration 外因性迁移 exploitive competition 利用竞争exponetial growth 指数增长Some special words in ecology(F)facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭选择farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统fecundity schedule 生育力表 fecundity 生育力 feedback 反馈feeding niches 取食生态位 filter food 滤食性生物 fine grained 细粒性分布 finite rate of increase 周限增长率fitness 合适度floristic-structural classification 植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation 波动food chain 食物链formation group 群系组formation 群系 formation 植物群系foundational niche 基础生态龛 freshwater ecology 淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统function response 功能反应Some special words in ecology(G)gamete selection 配子选择 gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 气体循环 geng pool 基因库geographic variation 地理变异geographical theory of speciation 物种形成geometric growth 几何级数增长geophytes(G)地下芽植物global ecology 全球生态gradient hypothesis 梯度假说grain 粒性 grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物链greenhouse effect 温室效应gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 总初级生产力 group selection 群体选择 group selection 群体选择group selection 群选择 growth form 生长型 guild 同资源团Some special words in ecology(H)habal zone 深渊带 habitat 生境 heath 石楠群丛 height 高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食动物heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophs 异养生物hibernation 冬眠homeostasis 内稳态homeostasis 自调节稳态homeostatic organism 内稳态生物homeostatic process 内稳定过程human demography 人口统计学 Human ecology 人类生态学 humus 腐殖质hydrarch succession 水生演替 hydrosere 水生演替系列 Some special words in ecology(I)immigration 迁入 importance value 重要值individual converse rate 个体转化率 industrial melanism 工业黑化现象 inner capacity increase 内禀增长力 inner-environment 内环境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率 intensity 强度interference competition 干扰竞争 interference competition 干扰竞争 intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern 内分布型interspecfic relationship 种间关系 intertidal zone 潮间带intraspecific relationship 种内关系inversely density dependent 反密度制约 Island ecology 岛屿生态学 iteroparity 多次繁殖生物 iteroparous 多次生殖Some special words in ecology(J--L)J Jordan's rule 约丹定律 K keystone species 关键种 kin selection 亲属选择 kin selection 亲属选择 k-strategists k-策略者 L land cover 土地覆盖 land use 土地利用Landscape ecology 景观生态学law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum 最小因子法则law of tolerance 耐受性法则 layer 层leached layer 淋溶层 leaf area index 叶面积指数 leaf area index （LAS）叶面积指数 lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统 life cycle 生活周期 life expectancy 生命期望 life form spectrum 生活型谱 life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史对策 life history 生活史 lifespan 生活年限 lifetime 寿命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度 littoral zone 沿岸带lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统Some special words in ecology(M)macroclimate 大气候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology 海洋生态学 marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量 megafauna 巨型生物 mexofauna 中型生物 microclimate 小气候 microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生态系统micro-environment 微环境 microfauna 小型生物 microplankton 小型浮游生物 migration 迁徙 migration 迁移modular organism 构件生物 modules 构件Molecular ecology 分子生态学 monoclimax theory 单元演替顶级 monocultute 单种养殖 monogamy 单配偶制 monpohagous 单食性 monsoon forest 季风林 mortality curve 死亡曲线mortality 死亡率 mosaic 镶嵌性Some special words in ecology(N)natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n维生态龛 negative feedback 负反馈net primary production(GP)净初级生产力neutrality controversy 中性说论战niche compression 生态位压缩niche separation 生态位分离 niche shift 生态位分离 niche 生态位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论non-homeostatic organism 非内稳态生物 Some special words in ecology(O)obiotic component 非生物成分 ocean-current 洋流 ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 杂食动物open community 开放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌丛opportunist 机会主义者ordination 排序 ornamentation 修饰Some special words in ecology(P)panclimax 泛顶级pantropical 泛热带区parabiosphere 副生物圈parasites 寄生生物parasitoidism 拟寄生 parent material 母质层 parental care 亲代关怀 parental investment 亲本投资 patchiness 斑块性per capita growth rate 每员增长率 perclimax 前顶级peritrophic mycorrhizae 周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph)高位芽植物 phenotype 表现型photoperiodism 光周期现象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生态学physiological natality 生理出生率 phytochrom 色素pioneer community 先锋群落 pjarapatric speciation 邻域性物种 plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布 polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元顶级理论 polygamy 多配偶制 polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型现象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 种群生态学 population 种群porosity 粒间空隙 positive feedback 正反馈 postclimax 超顶级predation 捕食者 predator 捕食者present reproductive value 当年繁殖价值 prevail climax 优势顶级 prey 猎物prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔离 primary production 初级生产primary succession 初级演替primary succession 原生演替principle of allocation 分配原理principle of competitive exclusion 竞争互斥原理production rate 生产率 production 生产量 productivity 生产力progressive succession 进展演替protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同体pyramid of energy 能量金字塔Some special words in ecology(R)radiation adaptation 趋异适应 random 随机分布 rare species 偶见种 reaction time lag 反应滞时 reactive species 反映性物种 realized natality 实际出生率 realized nick 实际生态龛 regressive succession 逆行演替 relative frequency 相对频度relative reproductive value相对生殖值 reproduction effect 生殖成效 reproductive cost 繁殖成本 reproductive pattern 生殖格局reproductive time lag 生殖滞时 reproductive value 生殖值residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值 resilient stability 恢复稳定性 resistant stability 抵抗稳定性 Restoration ecology 恢复生态学 richness 丰度r-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略连续系统 r-strategists r-策略者Some special words in ecology(S)saprovores 食腐者savanna woodland 热带稀树草原林地scavenger 食腐者sciophytes 阳性植物scramble competition 利用竞争scramble type of competition 分摊型竞争secondary metabolites 次生代谢物质 secondary production 次级生产力secondary succession 次生演替secondary 次级演替sedimentary cycle 沉积循环selective fertilization 选择受精self-destructive 自我破坏 semelparity 一次繁殖生物 semelparous 一次生殖 sex ratio 性比sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形现象 sexual reproduction 有性生殖 sexual selection 性选择 sexual selection 性选择 shade plants 耐阴性植物Shannon-Weiner index 香农—威纳指数sieve selection hypothesis 筛选说 similarity 相似度Simpson's diversity index 辛普森多样性指数 social group 社群social hierarchy 社会等级social-economic-natural complex ecosystem 社会--经济--自然复合系统 solar emergy 太阳能值 solar emjoules 太阳能焦耳solar transformity 太阳能值转换率spatial pattern 空间格局special heterogeneity 空间异质性 speciation 物种形成species area curve 物种面积曲线 species diversity 物种多样性species evenness or equitability 种的均匀度species heterogeneity 种的不齐性 species turnover rate 种的周转率 spore reproduction 孢子生殖stability-resilience 稳定恢复力stabilizing selection 稳定选择 standing crop 现存量 static life table 静态生命表 stenoecious 窄栖性的 stenohaline 窄盐性的 stenohydric 窄水性的 stenophagic 窄食性的 stenothermal 窄温性的steppe and semideserty 干草原和半荒漠 stochastic model 随机模型 stratification 成层现象subassociation 亚群丛组 subdominant 亚优势种 subformation 亚群系 succession 演替 succulent 肉质植物 succulent 肉质植物summed dominance ratio（SDR）综合优势比 summer-green deciduous forest 夏绿落叶林survivorship curve 存活曲线sympatric speciation 同域性物种Synecology 群落生态学synusia 层片Some special words in ecology(T)Terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学 territorial behavior 领域行为 territoriality 领域性the-2/3 thinning law-2/3自疏法则the effect of neighbours 邻接效应 therophytes(Th)一年生植物 thertnoperiodism 温周期现象thorn forest and scrub 多刺森林和密灌丛time-specific life table 特定时间生命表torpor 蛰伏total neutrality hypothesis 中性说 trophic level 营养级trophic relationship 营养的联系 trophic relationship 营养联系tundra and cold forest 苔原和冷森林Some special words in ecology(U--Z)U uniform 均匀分布unitary organism 单体生物univoltine insects 一化性的昆虫upper horizon 覆盖层Urban ecology 城市生态学V vegetation subtype 植被亚型vegetation type group 植被型组vegetation type 植被型vegetative propagation 营养生殖 volume 体积 W water cycle 水循环 weight 重量X xerarch succession 旱生演替 xerophytes 旱生植物 Zzero net growth isoline（ZNGI）零增长线 zone of emergent vegetation 挺水植物带 zooplankton 浮游动物第二篇：生态学二姐：你叫我办的事情，我已了解的差不多了。
湿地生态学讲义讲解
湿地与森林和海洋一同并称为地球上三大最重要的生态系统。
湿地是陆地和水体间的生态过渡带。
湿地被称为“生物超市”、“地球之肾”、“二氧化碳接收器”、“气候稳定器”。
湿地生态学是研究湿地生态系统结构和功能的科学。
1.湿地生态学产生的必然性：(1)湿地具有目前生态范例和领域如湖沼学、河口生态学所无法充分涵盖的特征特性。
(2)湿地研究已经开始致力于貌似迥然不同类型的湿地共同特征的探索和验证。
(3)湿地调查方法涉及多领域多学科，不能按常规方法进行或结合到大学现有学科分类中去。
(4)制定湿地调控和管理的政策需要湿地生态科学的强有力支持。
2.湿地生态学的主要研究方向：湿地资源学湿地生物生态学湿地水文学湿地土壤学湿地保护与管理2、美国渔业和野生生物署定义3、美国国家研究委员会定义* 最早的全球环境公约，唯一的关于某一种生态系统的全球性的公约。
涵盖范围广——从珊瑚礁到山地。
该公约是1971年2月2日于伊朗的拉姆萨尔由18个国家共同签署的。
* 此后，每年2月2日被称为世界湿地日。
“湿地系指，不问其为天然或人工、长久或暂时性的沼泽地、泥炭地或水域地带、带有或静止或流动，或为淡水、半咸水者，包括低潮时不超过6米水深的海域”。
从这一定义来看，湿地范围很广，湖泊、河流、6米以内的浅海水域乃至水库、水稻田，都称为湿地，后者称湿地是陆地和水体间过渡的土地（自然综合体），其水位通常与地表持平或近于地表，抑或被浅水淹没。
湿地应至少具有下述中属性之一：1)常年或周期性的有水生植物生长；2)土壤以无排水的水成土为主；湿地是指水饱和程度足以发生湿生化或水生化过程的土地，其特征为土壤排水不畅，生长水生植被，生活着适应于湿润环境的多种生物。
1. 湿地面积估计全球湿地面积为7-9百万平方公里，占地球陆地面积的4 ％－6 ％。
Maltby 和Turner(1983)根据俄罗斯地理学家的著作，估计全球湿地面积约860万平方公里，约占全球陆地面积的6.4％。
关于湿地公园生态文明英语作文800字
关于湿地公园生态文明英语作文800字Wetland Parks: Havens for Biodiversity and Symbols of Ecological Civilization.Wetlands, vital ecosystems that occupy the transition zones between land and water, are indispensable for sustaining the planet's health and well-being. Their ecological significance cannot be overstated, serving as havens for a diverse array of flora and fauna, acting as natural water purifiers, mitigating climate change, and providing essential ecosystem services that underpin human societies.In recognition of their ecological importance, wetland parks have emerged as innovative conservation initiatives that showcase the transformative power of ecological civilization. These designated areas offer a sanctuary for threatened species, foster environmental awareness, and promote sustainable land management practices.One of the primary objectives of wetland parks is to protect and restore vital habitats for endangered or threatened species. By providing safe havens for these animals and plants, wetland parks contribute to the preservation of biodiversity and ensure the survival ofrare and fragile species. For instance, the Everglades National Park in the United States is home to a richtapestry of flora and fauna, including the endangered American crocodile, Florida panther, and West Indian manatee. Through conservation efforts and research programs, the park plays a crucial role in safeguarding these species and maintaining the ecological balance of the region.Moreover, wetland parks serve as educational hubs, fostering environmental awareness and promoting responsible stewardship of natural resources. Educational programs, guided tours, and interactive displays engage visitors ofall ages, instilling in them a deep appreciation for the intricate web of life that wetlands support. By fostering a sense of wonder and responsibility, wetland parks empower individuals to become advocates for conservation and sustainable practices.Furthermore, wetland parks embody the principles of ecological civilization by promoting sustainable land management practices. Through strategic planning and integrated resource management, these parks demonstrate how human activities can coexist harmoniously with natural ecosystems. By implementing measures such as controlled grazing, sustainable agriculture, and green infrastructure, wetland parks showcase innovative approaches to land use that prioritize ecological integrity and long-term resilience.The establishment of wetland parks is not without its challenges. Balancing conservation objectives with the needs of local communities and economic development can be a complex task. However, by engaging stakeholders in participatory planning processes and promotingcollaborative management approaches, wetland parks can foster a sense of shared responsibility and ensure their long-term success.In conclusion, wetland parks serve as beacons ofecological civilization, demonstrating the harmonious coexistence between human societies and natural ecosystems. Through their invaluable contributions to biodiversity conservation, environmental education, and sustainable land management, wetland parks inspire us to adopt a holistic and responsible approach to environmental stewardship. By protecting these vital ecosystems, we safeguard not only the survival of countless species but also the future well-being and prosperity of our planet.。
湿地公园研学英语作文
湿地公园研学英语作文Title: Exploring Wetland Parks: An Engaging Educational Experience。
Wetland parks offer a unique and enriching environment for educational excursions. These natural habitats provide invaluable opportunities for students to learn about ecology, biodiversity, and conservation efforts. Let'sdelve into the enriching experience of exploring a wetland park through the lens of an educational journey.To begin with, wetland parks serve as outdoor classrooms, where students can engage with nature firsthand. Through guided tours and interactive activities, students gain insights into the intricate ecosystems present within wetlands. They observe various species of flora and fauna, learning about their habitats and interdependencies. For instance, students may encounter diverse bird species, such as herons, ducks, and egrets, while exploring the marshlands. Observing these birds in their natural habitatallows students to appreciate the importance of wetlands as crucial habitats for migratory and resident avian species.Moreover, wetland parks foster experiential learning by encouraging students to participate in hands-on activities. From water quality testing to plant identification, students actively engage in scientific inquiries that deepen their understanding of environmental processes. By collecting and analyzing data, students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills essential for addressing environmental challenges. For instance, conducting water quality tests enables students to assess the health of wetland ecosystems and identify potential pollution sources, thus highlighting the importance of conservation efforts in preserving these valuable habitats.Furthermore, wetland parks offer opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, integrating various subjects such as biology, geography, and environmental science. Students explore the geographical features of wetlands, studying the role of hydrology in shaping these dynamic ecosystems. They also examine the adaptations of wetlandplants and animals, understanding how these organisms have evolved to thrive in watery environments. Additionally, students learn about the cultural significance of wetlands, exploring the historical relationship between human communities and these vital landscapes.In addition to academic learning, wetland park excursions promote environmental stewardship and conservation awareness among students. By witnessing the beauty and fragility of wetland ecosystems, studentsdevelop a sense of responsibility towards protecting these natural treasures. Through guided discussions and workshops, students learn about conservation strategies aimed at preserving wetlands and mitigating human impacts, such as habitat destruction and pollution. By instilling a sense of environmental ethics, wetland park experiences empower students to become advocates for environmentalsustainability in their communities.Furthermore, wetland park excursions foster social and emotional development by fostering teamwork and cooperation among students. Through collaborative activities such ashabitat restoration projects or wildlife monitoring initiatives, students learn the importance of working together towards a common goal. They also develop empathy and respect for nature, recognizing the interconnectednessof all living beings within the ecosystem. As students immerse themselves in the tranquility of wetland surroundings, they experience a sense of awe and wonderthat inspires a lifelong appreciation for the natural world.In conclusion, exploring wetland parks offers studentsa transformative educational experience that combines academic learning with environmental stewardship and personal growth. By engaging with nature in a meaningful way, students develop a deeper understanding of ecological principles and gain practical skills for addressing environmental challenges. Moreover, wetland park excursions instill a sense of responsibility and compassion towardsthe environment, empowering students to become activeagents of positive change in their communities. As we continue to recognize the value of wetlands as critical ecosystems, let us inspire future generations to cherishand protect these invaluable natural habitats.。
保护湿地的英语作文
保护湿地的英语作文Wetlands are incredibly important ecosystems that provide a range of vital services to both humans and the natural world. They are nature's sponges, absorbing and storing water during rainy seasons and slowly releasing it during dry spells. This helps regulate water flow and prevents flooding in many areas.Not only that, but wetlands are also crucial habitats for a diverse array of wildlife. From tiny insects to large mammals, these ecosystems provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds for countless species. Many of these animals are endangered or threatened, making wetland protection even more crucial.But wetlands are facing numerous threats. Development, pollution, and climate change are all putting thesedelicate ecosystems at risk. As human populations grow and urbanization expands, wetlands are often drained, filled, or developed for housing, agriculture, or other uses. Thisnot only destroys habitat for wildlife but also disrupts the natural water cycle.We can all do our part to protect wetlands. Simple actions like reducing water usage, properly disposing of waste, and supporting policies that protect natural areas can have a big impact. Educating ourselves and others about the importance of wetlands is also crucial. The more people understand their value, the more likely we'll be able。
湿地公园英语作文文本模板
湿地公园英语作文文本模板Wetland Park。
Wetland parks are important natural areas that provide habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species. These parks are also valuable for the services they provide to people, such as flood control, water purification, and recreational opportunities. In this essay, we will explore the importance of wetland parks, their benefits to the environment and the community, and the ways in which they can be preserved and protected.First and foremost, wetland parks are crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. These areas are home to a diverse array of species, including birds, fish, amphibians, and insects. Many of these species are rare or endangered, and wetland parks provide them with a safe and protected habitat. By preserving these areas, we can help tosafeguard the future of these species and maintain the balance of the ecosystem.In addition to their role in biodiversity conservation, wetland parks also provide important ecosystem services. One of the most significant of these services is flood control. Wetlands act as natural sponges, absorbing and storing excess water during periods of heavy rain or flooding. This helps to reduce the risk of flooding in nearby communities and can save millions of dollars in potential damage to homes and infrastructure.Furthermore, wetland parks play a crucial role in water purification. The plants and microorganisms in wetlands help to filter and clean water as it passes through the ecosystem. This natural filtration process removes pollutants and impurities, improving the quality of the water that flows into rivers, lakes, and oceans. This is especially important in urban areas, where wetlands can help to mitigate the effects of pollution from industry and agriculture.Another benefit of wetland parks is their value for recreation and tourism. These areas offer opportunities forhiking, birdwatching, fishing, and other outdoor activities. Many people also enjoy visiting wetland parks to appreciate the natural beauty of these unique ecosystems. By providing these recreational opportunities, wetland parks can improve the quality of life for local residents and attractvisitors from other areas, boosting the local economy.Given the importance of wetland parks, it is crucialthat we take steps to preserve and protect these valuable natural areas. One of the most effective ways to do this is through the establishment of protected areas and conservation programs. By designating wetland parks as protected areas, we can ensure that they are safeguarded from development and other threats. Conservation programs can also help to restore and rehabilitate degraded wetlands, ensuring that they continue to provide their valuable ecosystem services.In addition to conservation efforts, it is important to raise awareness about the importance of wetland parks and the need for their protection. Education and outreach programs can help to inform the public about the value ofwetlands and the threats they face. By increasing public awareness, we can build support for conservationinitiatives and encourage individuals to take action to protect these important natural areas.Furthermore, it is crucial to address the underlying causes of wetland degradation, such as pollution, habitat destruction, and climate change. By taking steps to reduce pollution and protect natural habitats, we can help to preserve the health and integrity of wetland parks. Additionally, efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable land use practices, can help to safeguard wetlands and the valuable services they provide.In conclusion, wetland parks are important natural areas that provide a wide range of benefits to the environment and the community. From biodiversity conservation to flood control to water purification, these areas play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems. By preserving and protecting wetland parks, we can ensure that they continue to provide thesevaluable services for generations to come. Through conservation efforts, public awareness, and addressing underlying causes of degradation, we can work to safeguard the future of these important natural areas.。
有关湿地的作文英文
有关湿地的作文英文Wetlands are amazing places. They are like nature's sponge, soaking up water and preventing floods. Plus, they provide a home for all sorts of cool plants and animals.It's like a whole little ecosystem right there.I love going to the wetlands because it's so peaceful and quiet. You can just sit and watch the birds flying around or the fish swimming in the water. It's a great place to relax and get away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.One thing I find fascinating about wetlands is how they can filter and clean water. It's like they have their own natural purification system. It's pretty incredible tothink about how they can improve water quality just by being there.I think it's important to protect wetlands because they are so valuable to the environment. They help controlflooding, provide habitats for wildlife, and improve water quality. We need to make sure we take care of them so they can continue to do all these amazing things.I remember reading about how some wetlands are being destroyed for development. It's really sad to think that we could lose such an important part of our natural world. I hope more people start to realize how special wetlands are and work to protect them.。
保护湿地的英语作文
保护湿地的英语作文Title: The Imperative of Conserving Wetlands。
Wetlands, often referred to as the "kidneys of the earth," play a pivotal role in maintaining the ecological balance of our planet. These unique ecosystems, comprising swamps, marshes, bogs, and fens, not only harbor a diverse array of plant and animal species but also serve as natural sponges, purifying water and preventing flooding. Intoday's rapidly changing world, the conservation of wetlands has become increasingly urgent, and it is imperative that we take concrete steps to protect these vital habitats.Firstly, wetlands are critical for biodiversity. They provide a haven for numerous species, including migratory birds, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates. Many of these creatures depend on wetlands for breeding, feeding, and shelter. By preserving wetlands, we ensure that these species can continue to thrive and reproduce, maintainingthe rich diversity of life on our planet.Secondly, wetlands play a vital role in water purification. As water flows through wetlands, it is filtered and cleansed by plants and soil, removing pollutants and sediment. This natural process is essential for maintaining the quality of our drinking water and protecting aquatic ecosystems. The loss of wetlands can。
保护湿地宣传英文作文初中
保护湿地宣传英文作文初中英文，As a middle school student, I believe thatraising awareness about wetland conservation is crucial. Wetlands play a vital role in our ecosystem by providing habitat for diverse wildlife, filtering pollutants from water, and mitigating flooding.One reason we should protect wetlands is their biodiversity. Wetlands are home to various species of plants and animals, some of which are endangered. For example, the Everglades in Florida is a wetland habitat for the Florida panther, an endangered species. By preserving wetlands, we ensure the survival of these unique creatures.Another reason to conserve wetlands is their role in water purification. Wetlands act as natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments before they reach larger bodies of water. This process helps maintain water quality for both humans and wildlife. For instance, the Chesapeake Bay in the United States relies on wetlands to filter outpollutants from agricultural runoff, preserving the health of the bay ecosystem.Furthermore, wetlands serve as a buffer against flooding. During heavy rainfalls or storms, wetlands absorb excess water like a sponge, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas. Without wetlands, communities are more vulnerable to flooding and its associated damages. For instance, the Louisiana coast relies on wetlands to absorb storm surges and protect inland areas from flooding during hurricanes.In conclusion, protecting wetlands is essential for preserving biodiversity, maintaining water quality, and reducing the risk of flooding. By raising awareness about the importance of wetland conservation, we can inspire others to take action and ensure the continued health of our planet.中文，作为一个中学生，我认为提高湿地保护意识至关重要。
湿地图表英文作文
湿地图表英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!The wetland is so beautiful. There are many different plants and animals living there.I love going to the wetland and just looking around. It's peaceful and quiet.Sometimes I see birds flying around or landing on the water. It's really amazing.The wetland is also important for the environment. It helps to filter the water and provide a home for many species.。
湿地公园英文作文
Title: Exploring the Beauty of Wetland ParksIntroduction:- Introduce wetland parks as vital ecosystems that support diverse flora and fauna while providing recreational and educational opportunities for visitors- Highlight the importance of wetlands in regulating water flow, purifying water, and mitigating floods, as well as their role in supporting biodiversity- Thesis statement: Wetland parks offer a unique blend of ecological significance and recreational value, making them invaluable assets that deserve preservation and exploration. Body Paragraphs:1. Ecological Importance:- Discuss the ecological functions of wetlands, including water filtration, flood control, and carbon sequestration- Describe the diverse habitats found within wetland parks, from marshes and swamps to ponds and mangroves, which support a wide range of plant and animal species- Highlight the role of wetlands in supporting migratory birds, providing breeding grounds for fish, and serving as nurseries for amphibians and reptiles2. Recreational Opportunities:- Explore the recreational activities available in wetland parks, such as birdwatching, hiking, kayaking, and nature photography- Discuss the tranquility and beauty of wetland landscapes, offering opportunities for relaxation and rejuvenation amidst natural surroundings- Highlight the educational programs and interpretive centers found in wetland parks, which provide insights into wetland ecology, conservation efforts, and sustainable practices3. Conservation Efforts:- Examine the threats facing wetland ecosystems, including habitat loss, pollution, and invasive species, and the importance of conservation efforts to protect these valuable habitats - Discuss initiatives aimed at restoring and preserving wetlands, such as habitat restoration projects, water quality monitoring, and community engagement programs- Highlight the role of wetland parks in raising awareness about the importance of wetland conservation and inspiring action to safeguard these vital ecosystems for future generations Conclusion:- Summarize the significance of wetland parks as ecological havens and recreational treasures that provide valuable ecosystem services and enrich the lives of visitors- Emphasize the need for continued conservation efforts to protect and restore wetland habitats, ensuring their sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental challenges - Encourage readers to explore and appreciate the beauty of wetland parks while supporting initiatives that promote their conservation and stewardship.Wetland parks stand as guardians of biodiversity, offering a sanctuary for diverse species and a haven for outdoor enthusiasts. Through exploration and conservation, we can preserve the beauty and ecological integrity of these invaluable ecosystems for generations to come.。
保护湿地的英语作文
保护湿地的英语作文英文回答：Introduction:In the tapestry of life, where nature's vibrant threads intertwine, wetlands emerge as mesmerizing ecosystems that play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of our planet. Their emerald hues and ethereal whispers invite us to explore the intricate world they hold, a realm where water, land, and life converge in a symphony of harmonious coexistence.Paragraph 1: Ecological ImportanceWetlands, often referred to as the "Kidneys of the Earth," act as natural filters, purifying water by absorbing pollutants and excess nutrients. They serve as breeding grounds and nurseries for a myriad of aquatic species, providing shelter, sustenance, and a haven for biodiversity to thrive. Moreover, wetlands mitigateflooding risks by absorbing and storing excess water, protecting communities from nature's unpredictable wrath.Paragraph 2: Economic BenefitsBeyond their ecological significance, wetlands offer a wealth of economic advantages. They support sustainable fisheries and aquaculture industries, providing livelihoods for many and ensuring a steady supply of nutritious food sources. Wetlands also attract ecotourism and recreation enthusiasts, generating revenue for local economies while fostering a deeper appreciation for the natural world.Paragraph 3: Spiritual and Cultural SignificanceWetlands have long held spiritual and cultural significance for various communities worldwide. They are often associated with myths, legends, and religious beliefs, weaving a rich tapestry of cultural heritage. Many indigenous cultures view wetlands as sacred spaces, places of healing, and connection to the ancestors.Paragraph 4: Threats and ConservationDespite their immense value, wetlands face numerous threats from human activities. Urbanization, pollution, and overexploitation have led to the degradation and loss of these vital ecosystems. Recognizing the urgency, international agreements like the Ramsar Convention aim to protect and conserve wetlands, promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness about their importance.Conclusion:Wetlands, the unsung heroes of our planet, play a crucial role in sustaining life and ensuring the well-being of both nature and humanity. Their ecological, economic, spiritual, and cultural significance demands our attention and action. By safeguarding these precious ecosystems, we not only preserve a sanctuary for wildlife but also invest in our own future, ensuring a thriving and harmonious coexistence for generations to come.中文回答：导言：在大自然的画布上，湿地犹如耀眼的绿宝石般点缀其间，它们是维持地球生态平衡的关键生态系统。
湿地
有关湿地的内容1，概念英文名称：Wetland; Wet land在不同学科里概念也不同：（1）地理和湿地学科里定义为：潮湿或浅积水地带发育成水生生物群和水成土壤的地理综合体。
包括陆地上天然的和人工的，永久的和临时的各类沼泽、泥炭地、咸、淡水体，以及低潮位时6米水深以内的海域。
（2）海洋学里定义为：界于水体与陆地之间过渡的多功能的生态系统，包括低潮线以下不超过6m深的海水区。
（3）生态学里定义为:陆地上有长期或季节性薄层积水或间隙性积水、生长有沼生或湿生植物的土壤过湿地段。
是陆地、流水、静水、河口和海洋系统中各种沼生、湿生区域的总称。
2, 湿地形成原因湿地形成的原因很多，广义来说，海岸和河口的潮间带、湖泊边缘的浅水地带、河川行水区附近，都是水分充足的地方，当然最常看到湿地。
在这些区域里，有的是因为大自然的地理变化，有的是因为人类的开发等外力介入，促成了湿地的诞生。
3，湿地形成条件降水较为丰沛,或气温较低,蒸发微弱.地势低平,排水不畅,地表有多条径流汇集．地下有隔水层或冻土，不利于地表水下渗．4，湿地的作用一，产功能湿地具有强大的物质生产功能，它蕴藏着丰富的动植物资源。
七里海沼泽湿地是天津沿海地区的重要饵料基地和初级生产力来源。
据初步调查，七里海在20世纪70年代以前，水生、湿生植物群落100多种，其中具有生态价值的约40种。
哺乳动物约10种，鱼蟹类30余种。
芦苇作为七里海湿地最典型的植物，苇地面积达7186公顷，具有很高的经济价值和生态价值，不仅是重要的造纸工业原料，又是农业、盐业、渔业、养殖业、编织业的重要生产资料，还能起到防风抗洪、改善环境、改良土壤、净化水质、防治污染、调节生态平衡的作用。
另外，七里海可利用水面达10000亩，年产河蟹2000吨，是著名的七里海河蟹的产地。
二，大气组分调节功能湿地内丰富的植物群落，能够吸收大量的二氧化碳气体，并放出氧气，湿地中的一些植物还具有吸收空气中有害气体的功能，能有效调节大气组分。
湿地生态学英文共32页文档共34页文档
46、我们若已接受最坏的，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特
湿地生态学英文共32页文档
16、自己选择的路、跪着也要把它走 完。 17、一般情况下)不想三年以后的事， 只想现 在的事 。现在 有成就 ，以后 才能更 辉煌。
18、敢于向黑暗宣战的人，心里必须 充满光 明。 19、学习的关键--重复。
20、懦弱的人只会裹足不前，莽撞的 人只能 引为烧 身，只 有真正 勇敢的 人才能 所向披 靡。