2014职称英语_理工类_阅读理解字典版
11 2014年职称英语阅读理解字典版理工类 -
1.ASunshadeforthePlanet地球防晒霜就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。
很明显，即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。
另一方面，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。
幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有最后几招。
在大多数情况下，他们拒绝讨论这些措施，害怕人们会因此沾沾自喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。
至少目前是这样。
越来越多的研究者相信一项大型的地质工程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。
“我把它比作美沙酮，”Stephen Schncidu 说，他是斯坦福大学的一位气象学家是最早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。
“如果你那里有一个海洛阅上瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。
拒绝正常住院治疗，那服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。
”总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒霜。
一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍太阳光。
这个想法备受争议，但最近的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到达地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。
全球气候模型表明，阻断百分之一点八的太阳能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气候变暖现象。
这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取最严格的控制气体排放措施，到本世纪末，二氧化碳量仍会翻倍，并且，这种情况将再持续至少一个世纪。
2. ThirstforOil石油匮乏全世界每天都要消耗相当于2亿桶石油的能源。
地球上的大部分能源来自于太阳。
事实上，每分钟到达地球表层的来自于太阳的能源就足已满足我们一整年的需求，我们只是需要有效地加以利用而已。
到目前为止，石油一直是一种较便宜、易获得的能源。
但当供应缩减时，情况就会改变，我们就不能像现在这样不加节制地消耗石油了。
在蒸汽工业革命时代，高能煤成为首选燃料之前，燃木能满足大部分能源需求。
现在，煤仍然大量地运用于发电站，满足我们四分之一的能源需求，但自从我们开始大量开采石油后，煤的使用就已经在逐渐衰退。
2014职称英语真题及答案(各类最全)
2014年职称英语考试真题(综合类C级)第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A.partyB.celebrationC.unionD.conference2.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.mentsB.signsC.mannersD.noises3.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by10%.A.returnB.realizeC.increaseD.doubleck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A.receivesB.preventsC.deservesD.accepts5.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet,A.extraB.fineC.winterD.outdoor6.The book raised a storm of controversy.A.damageB.voiceC.argumentD.doubt7.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A.jumpB.hopeC.silenceD.life8.I'm sure I'll able to amuse myself for a few hours.A.treatB.entertainC.holdD.keep9.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A.keeping out ofB.getting intoC.asking forD.suffering from10.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A.seriousB.deepC.particularD.main11.Several windows had been smashed.A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed12.His knowledge of French is fair.A.quite goodB.very usefulC.very limitedD.rather special13.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A.partsB.aspectsC.painsD.results15.Afterwards there was just a feeling of letdown.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语考试 理工类—阅读理解(一)
第一篇Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company‟s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。
and Honda‟ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。
700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．“The bottom line is we don‟t believe that this is the future of environme nt transport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot”The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors‟EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。
2014职称英语理工B阅读理解
2014年职称英语理工类B级阅读理解答案及翻译十七、A Sunshade for the Planet（地球防晒霜）1. According to the first two paragraphs，the author thinks thatC despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.2. Scientists resist talking about their options because they don’t want people toC think the problem has been solved.3. What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.4. What is Stephen Schneider’s idea of preventing global warming?. C To apply sunscreen to the Earth.5. What is NOT true of the effectiveness of “sunscreen”, according to the last paragraph?D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.十八、Thirst for Oil（石油匮乏）1. “… we will need to cure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so?C Demand for oil is increasing all the time.2. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.3. Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?A The United States.4. What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis.5. What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph?D The sea level will go up.第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience（音乐机器伴侣能加强1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.二十、Explorer of the Extreme Deep（深海探究）1．What is Alvin? （Alvin是什么）C、A submersible．（一种潜水器）2．Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A it can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters．（他能潜水深度为6500米）3．“．．．a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to（“对这个世界充满好奇”，指什么）C the ocean．（海洋）4．In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?D Shape．（形状）5．In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?D Both A and B．（速度和视野）二十一、Plant Gas （植物沼气）（12年真题）1what was scientists' understanding of methane?(科学家怎么理解甲烷)C）It was produced in oxygen-free environments.（它是在无氧的环境下产生）2 To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists createdB）an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.3 which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?D）The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4 What of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage ?D）Microbes in plants produce methane.5 What is the beneficial point of some microbes consuming plant-produced methane?C）Less methane reaches the atmosphere.二十二、Snowflakes（雪花）1.What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true?（专家Libbrecht认为什么是真的）A. No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape.（没有两片雪花在形状是完全一样2.What do the simplest snow crystals look like?（最简单的雪花晶体像什么）D. They are six-sided.（六边的）3.What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate of a snow crystal?A. Humidity and temperature.（湿度和温度）.4. It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the authorA. admires the beauty of the snowflakes.（羡慕雪花的美）5. Libbrecht is not able to （Libbrecht不能）C. create snowflakes that are exactly alike.（制造出两片一模一样的雪花）二十三、Powering a city ?It’s a Breeze（风力发电，轻而易举）1.What are the symbols of Netherlands according to the first paragraph?B. Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.（木鞋和木风车）2. Which statement is best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?B. It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.3. The smallest models of an urban turbine（最小型的风车）B. weighs 2,000 kilograms.（重2000KG）4. The Netherlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD. Netherlands is a small country with a large population.5. According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?D Both A and B（有很多用途而且可以安装在后院）二十四、Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe1. According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is thatC. poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.2. According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?A. Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns.3. What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?D. Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.（煤着火会对环境产生影响）4. Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is Not true?B. He has detected and monitored underground fires in Netherlands.5. According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control under ground fires?D. Cutting off the oxygen supply.（切断氧气）二十五、Eat to live1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D. We have to begin dieting from childhood.（我们不得不从孩童时代开始节食）2. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B. To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.3. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?D. They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4.According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A. The mice that started dieting in old age..5. According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC. dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life.二十六、Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently1．What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?B) Gender difference in relation types of aircraft crashes.2．Which of the statements is NOT true according to second paragraph?D) Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.3．How did the researchers carry out their study?A) They studied the findings of several previous research projects.4．What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots？B) Loss of control on landing or take off and stalling.5．In the comparison of female and male pilots.（对比男女飞行员）D) male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.二十七、Driven to Distraction（分心驾驶）1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs?C. Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?D. All of the above. （以上全对）3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?C. In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.4. The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers.D. want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5. What kind of directions do men and women prefer?B. Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route direction.二十八、Sleep let brain File memories（睡觉使大脑分类记忆）1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence "To sleep. Perchance to file?"? A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D To control glucose levels. （控制葡萄糖的水平）二十九、I’ll Be Bach（我也能成为巴赫）1．The music composed by David cope is about ______.（David cope作的曲子是）A Classical music（经典音乐）2．By developing a computer software，David cope aimed ______.C to write an opera（写一歌剧）3．What did cope realize about a great composer’s brain?（cope认识到伟大作曲家大脑什么）D It creates an accurate database（它创造了一个精确的数据库）4．Who is Emmy?（Emmy是谁）B a computer software （一个计算机软件）5．We can infer from the passage that ______.D Emmy did much more work than a composer.三十、Digital Realm（数字王国，13年新增，未考）1. The techniques of voice recognition ？语音识别技术B are in its initial stage of development. （还处在雏形发展阶段）2. According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligence,A machines can be our agents us they understand our thoughts.3. What’s the best description of Gordon Moore’s law as mentioned in the third paragraph?A It motivates the development of the digital world.4. What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph?D All of the above.（以上都对）5. Which of the following statements is true of a personalized market?C In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer.三十一、Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）1. What is the eye of a hurricane?（什么是风眼）C) A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2. Which of the following is NOT the "requirements" mentioned in the second paragraph?A) The tropical waters are warm and calm.3. Which of the following is the best explanation of the word "drive" in the third paragraph?C) To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.4. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from thesea surface?B) Low pressure.5. What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?D) The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression三十二、Mind-reading1 Machine（读心机，09年真题）1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?C）Neurons in the brain.2. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?D）fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3. "Highlighting the areas of the brain at work" meansA）"marking the parts of the brain that are processing information"4. What did the researchers experiment on?B）Two volunteers.5. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title?B）Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. （你的想法可以被扫描）三十三、Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste1.Which of the following words can best substitute the word "withdrawal" in the first paragraph?B Canceling. （中止）2.According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilitiesB should be approved by local people and states.3. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.5. What is meant by "regional approach" as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances. （废物处理地点应靠近反应堆，并且适合当地环境）。
2014年职称英语完形填空阅读理解字典版理工类
（理工类）14年完形填空第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend(库克船长弓箭的传说)It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.―There is no Cook in the Australian Museum,‖ museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, ―Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with discovering the ―Great So uth Land,‖now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife, saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook’s fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook’s body was buried at sea in 1779. ―On this occasion technology has won,‖ said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain. ―But I am sure that one of these days …one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.‖Avalanche and Its Safety(雪崩和安全问题) An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a numberof factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low risk of avalanche. Snow does not gather significantly on steep slopes; also, snow doesnot flow easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest is between 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is : A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with use; that is , the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, thd more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous process, including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather conditions, and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also reduce the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid attention to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are missing or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.Giant Structures(巨型建筑)It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more wonderful constructions appear.Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin Tower The petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999.With a height of 452 metres;the tall twin owers,like two thin pencils,dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur.At the 41 flool,the towers are linked by a bridge,symbolizing a gateway to the city.The American architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.Constructed of high-strength concrete,the building provides around 1800 square metres of office space on every floor.And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base.Other features of this impressive building include double-deckder lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The Millau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tarn Valley, in southern France. At the time it was built, it was the world’s highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridge in the world. It was built to relieve Millau’s congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona inSpain. The bridge was built to withstand the most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!The Itaipu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two countries. The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s energy needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a truly amazing wonder of engineering.Animal’s “Sixth Sense”(动物的”第六感”)A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a ―sixth sense‖ for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast cle arly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.―No elephants are dead, not even a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening,‖ H.D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.―There has been a lot of apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,‖ said Matthew van lierop, an animal behavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo.―There have been no specific studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting,‖ he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessment.―Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenomenon, especially birds… there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters,‖ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal ―sixth sense‖ – or some other mythical power –is an enduringone which the evidence on Sri Lanka’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind(警报器救盲人)If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building – and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that with directional sound alarms capalbe of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company run by the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for blind people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria. The alarms produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the sound is coming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be heard by humans. ―It is a burst of white noise that people say sounds like static on the radio,‖ she says. ―Its life-saving potential is great.‖She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large smoke-filled room. It took them nearly four minutes to find the door without a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain processes sounds at the university. She says that the source of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms based on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely(远程制止偷车贼)Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. If the car isstolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers that shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. ―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖ says Martyn Rand all of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the customer expects.An Intelligent Car(智能汽车)Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has ―eyes‖, ―brains‖, ―hands‖ and ―feet‖, too. The minicameras on each side of the car are his ―eyes‖, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s―brain‖. His ―brain‖ calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the ―hands‖and ―feet‖ to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts quickly. The minicameras are sending images continuously to the ―brain.‖ Itcompletes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures(印度为什么需要濒临灭亡的秃鹰)The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration. and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the Same areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems across the Indian sub-continent．While4their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians. vultures have long played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is because they feed on dead cows. In India. cows are sacred animals and are traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has led to an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result．And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers．Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the future．The need for action is urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had. Declined by over 90 percent. All three species are now listed as―critically endangered‖. As most vulture lay only single eggs and take about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.Wonder Webs(奇妙的网)Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying birdwithout breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient silk called dragline. When the female spider is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk. ―The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the real thing snags bugs. Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Lneliness（心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感）Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries，but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focu ses on ―comfort food‖ and how it makes people feel．"For me personally,food has always played a big role in my family,‖ says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, buildingvirtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities （气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险）A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development．She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．‖Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,‖ says Romero Lankao. ‖But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, andsuggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.‖Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ‖ They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.‖ Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities..Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk (快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险)Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealth y ‖LDL‖ cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:‖Statins don’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more orless the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.‖ ―It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer一not much different to a sachet of sugar.‖ Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light （更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光）Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada.Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.―That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,‖ Pearce explains, which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in anew type of PVT. You don’t h ave to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters（鲨鱼有益于地球水系）It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4' It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world's oceans They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans. “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage （“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键）The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil。
2014年职称英语理工阅读理解字典版典版理工类50篇
46. Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"17．A Sunshade for the Planet（地球防晒霜）34．Batteries built by viruses（病毒电池）3. Citizen Scientists（公民科学家）39. Clone Farm（克隆农场）50. Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities(手机增加交通行人死) 27．Driven to Distraction（分散注意力驾驶）30.Digital Realm（数码王国）37."Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning （不要再就餐时间以外饮酒有了新含义）44. Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed（捍卫进化论仍有必要）8. Eiffel Is an Eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）9.Egypt Felled by Famine（埃及饱受饥荒折磨）20．Explorer of the Extreme Deep（深海探索器）25. Eat to Live（为生存而食）33. Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste（专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点）1. Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）43.Forecasting Methods（天气预报的方法）31.Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）29.I ll be bach13．Invisibility Ring（隐形环）14．Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers（日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车）16. Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth（日本人的地心旅行）5. Late-night Drinking（在深夜饮咖啡）36. Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警）38. Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan47.Listening to Birdsong（倾听鸟鸣）6. Making Light of Sleep4. Motoring Technology（汽车技术）26．Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently（男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异）32.Mind-reading Machine19. Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience12. Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass（弗罗里达遭受冷气团袭击）21.Plant Gas（植物，沼气的又一来源）23. Powering a City? It's a Breeze（风力发电？轻而易举）35.Putting Plants to work（植物效能）48. Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 42.Renewable Energy Sources（可再生能源）45. Small But Wise7．Sugar Power for Cell Phones（用糖为手机发电）22. Snowflakes（雪花）28.Sleep Lets Brain File Memories（睡眠促使记忆归档储存）40. Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（教数学，教焦虑）（2012新增）18．Thirst for Oil（石油匮乏）41.Too Little for Global Warming（全球变暖缺油）24. Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe（地下煤着火-即将来临的灾难）49.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars（美国科学家确认火星上有水）11. When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach2. World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict （世界石油产量可能提前十年达到峰值）15. Winged Robot Learns to Fly（肋生双翅机器人学飞行）10. Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers（年轻雌猩猩学习优于他们的弟兄）（一）Ford abandons electric vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）1.What have the Ford motor company, General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?C They have given up producing electric cars.2. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered carsB will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.3.Which' auto `manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?A Toyota and Nissan.4.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid carsC run more miles than petrol driven cars.5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?D The legislation will allow morelow-emission to be produced.（二）World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict （世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值）1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “Sparked” Appearing in paragraph 2?”B stimulated2.The term “a bell shaped curve” appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil productionwillD start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?D It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?A It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.5.Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?B Kuwaiti scientists.（三）Citizen scientists（公民科学家）1. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need themC to collect data of the life cycle of living things.2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?B To send their research observations to a professional database.3.In “All that's needed to become one ... (paragraph2)” , what does the word “one” stands forB a citizen scientist.4.What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A Only experts can participate in it.5 .What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?D To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.（四）Motoring technology（汽车技术）1.What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happenB because drivers make mistakes.3.Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.4.What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications?C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.5.What is true of robotic drivers?A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.（五）Late-night drinking（在深夜饮咖啡）1.The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate that C coffee is a stimulant.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5.The author of this passage probably agrees thatB we should not drink coffee after supper. （六）Making Light of Sleep（不要太在意睡眠）2012新增1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseB it has a cycle of 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatB staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?B The human eye had one light-sensing system.（七）Sugar power for cell phones（用糖为手机发电）1. According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.2.What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.3. According to Paragraph 5, electrons are releasedC when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose froma sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4.What is exciting about the new fuel cells?B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.5.According to the last paragraph, what isNOT true of the new fuel cells?D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.（八）Eiffel is an eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）1. Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol' of a world on the move?B Tourists of all nationalities come- to, scribble on the cold iron of the tower.2.What seems strange to the author?A Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3.Which statement is NOT true of Hugues Richard?C He climbed 747 steps up ,the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds4.What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?B Conducting research in various fields.5.Which of the following is neatest in meaning to " (The Eiffel Tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will" ?C Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.（九）Egypt felled by famine（埃及饱受饥荒折磨）1.Why does the author mention "pyramid builders"?D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.2.Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilisation of ancient Egypt?A Change of climate.3.Which of the following statements is true?D The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4.According to Krom, Egypt's Old Kingdom fellA immediately after a period of drought.5.The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced byB“damaging”.（十）Young female chimps outlearn their brothers（年轻雌猩猩学习优于她们的弟兄）1.Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at -fishing for termites?B Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.2.What are the tools with which chimps fish, for termites?B Vegetation.3.Which of the following is .true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6? C Females could get out more termites with every dip.4.How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playingD It will make them good fighters and hunters' in the future.5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.（十一）第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?C Hungry people are more sensitive tofood-related words than stomach-full people.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3. What does the writer want to tell us?C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5. What can we infer from the passage?D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.（十二）Florida hit by cold air mass（佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击）1.Which of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs?B The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark. 2. According to the second paragraph, in which area( s) did.the temperature fall below zero?B Parts of interior South Florida.3.King's statement that "We brought shorts,T-shirt, and 1 had to go out and buy another coat.''shows thatA he was caught by the sudden cold.ernor Jeb issue the emergency order because heC wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible.5.Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph?D Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers..（十三）Invisibility ring（隐形环）1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientistsC try to invent a device similar in idea to theinvisible cloak he uses.2.What is true of microwaves?B Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device?B Microwaves bounce off it when' they, strike it.''4.What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage?A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.5.Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, becauseC the cloaking device works only for, microwaves.（十四）Japanese car keeps match for drunk drivers（日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车）1.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concepts car?C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.2.What has V olvo developed?B A breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt.3.What is the. function of .the. camera. mentioned in Paragraph 4?A It monitors the driver's eyes-to see ,if he needs a rest.4.According to Doi,D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?B The car will automatically keep to its lane. （十五）Winged robot learns to fly（肋生双翅机器人学飞行）1.Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?C The two professors of CUT programmed the data on' how the robot flapped its wings.2.How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?B It twitched but gradually gained height.3.Which of the following is nearest to Peter, Bentley’s view on the winged robot?A The winged robot- could never really fly4.What measured how much lift the robot produced?B A movement detector.5.What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?D All the above.（十六）Japanese drilling into core of earth （日本人的地心旅行）1.According to the passage, Mount Unzen B erupted in 1991.2.According to the passage, the study of the Mount Unzen volcano may benefit Japan in all the following aspects EXCEPTD predicting volcano eruptions.3.Why is- this research project so important to Japan?A Because Japan has many living volcanos.4.The drilling site on Mount Unzen isC about half way up the mountain.5.The title of this passage Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth actually means that' theyA drill a hole into the core of a volcano.（十七）A sunshade for the planet（地球防晒霜）1.According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks thatC despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.2.Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people toC think the problem has been solved.3.What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.4.What is Stephen Schneider's idea of preventing global warming?C To apply sunscreen to the Earth:5.What is NOT true of the effectiveness of "sunscreen" , according to the last paragraph?D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.（十八）Thirst for oil（石油匮乏）1.”…will need to cure our addiction to oil.” Why does the author say so?D Oil supply is decreasing.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next-to oil.3.Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?A The United States4.What do 'experts say about: the earth's fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis.5.What is NOT, the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the' last paragraph?D The sea level will go up.（十九）Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is the creator of the musicalcompanion.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.（二十）Explorer of the extreme deep（深海探索器）l .What is Alvin?C A submersible.2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.3.“... a world that is still full of myst eries” refers toC the ocean4.In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?D Shape.5.In what aspects are he new HOV and Alvin different.D Both A and B.（二十一）Plant gas（植物，沼气的又一来源）1.What was scientists' 'understanding of methane?C It was produced in oxygen-free environments.2.To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists createdB an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.3.Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?D The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4.Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?D Microbes in plants produce methane.5.What is the beneficial point of some microbes lconsuming, plant-produced methane?C Less methane reaches the atmosphere（二十二）Snowflakes（雪花）1.What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true?A No two snowflakes' are exactly the same in shape. 2.What do the simplest snow crystals look like?D They are six-sided.3.What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate, of a snow crystal?A Humidity and temperature.4.It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the authorA admires the beauty' of the snowflakes.5.Libbrecht is not' able toC create snowflakes that are exactly alike. （二十三）P owering a city? It’s a breeze（风力发电，轻而易举）1.What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills..2.Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.3.The smallest models of an urban turbineC can be' carried up to the rooftop without a crane.herlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD the' Netherlands is 'a small country with a large population.5.According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?D Both A and C.（二十四）Underground coal fires—a looming catastrophe（地下煤着火—即将来临的灾难）l.According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is thatC poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.2.According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?A Coal heats up on its own and catches ire and burns.3.What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?D Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.4.Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true?B He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.5.According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires?D Cutting off the oxygen supply.（二十五）Eat to live（为生存而食）1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice3.What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned' in the passage?D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation4.According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old age.5.According to the, last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.（二十六）Male and female pilots cause accidents differently（男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异）1.What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?B Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes2.Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?D Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.3.How did the researchers carry out their study?A They studied the findings of several previous research projects.4.What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?B Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.5.In the comparison of female and male pilotsD male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making.（二十七）Driven to distraction（分散注意力驾驶）1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs?C Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. 2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?D All of the above.3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?C In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchersD want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5.What kind of directions do men and women prefer?B Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.（二十八）Sleep lets brain file memories（睡眠促使记忆归档存储）1.Which of the following statements-is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file”?A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2.What is the result' of the experiment with rats and mice carried 'out 'at Rutgers University?C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3.What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4.In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5.According to the last paragraph; what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D To control glucose levels.（二十九）I’ll Be Bach1. The music composed by David cope is aboutA classical music.2. By developing a computer software, David Cope aimedC to write an opera.3. What did Cope realize about a great composer's brain?D It creates an accurate database.4. Who is Emmy?B a computer software5. We can infer from the passage thatD Emmy did much more work than a composer.（三十）Digital realm（数码王国）1.The techniques of voice recognitionB are in its initial stage of development.2.According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligenceA machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.3.What's the best description of Gordon Moore's law as mentioned in the third paragraph?A It motivates the development of the digitalworld.4.What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph?D All of the above.5.Which of the following statements is true ofa personalized market?C In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer.（三十一）Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）1. What is the eye of a hurricane?C A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2.Which of the following is NOT the “requirements” mentioned in the second paragraph?A The tropical waters are warm and calm.3.Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive” in the third paragraph?C To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.4.What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?B Low pressure5.What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?D The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression（三十二）Mind-reading Machine（读心机）1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?C Neurons in the brain.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3.“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work”means _____.A “marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”4.What did the researchers experiment on?B Two volunteers.5.Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title?B Your Thoughts can be Scanned（三十三）Experts call for local and regional control of sites for radioactive waste（专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点）1.Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal” in the first paragraph?B Canceling.2.According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities B should be approved by local people and states.3.What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4.What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.5.What is meant by “regional approach” as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.（三十四）Batteries Built by Viruses 1．According to the first paragraph，people try toC．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．2．What is Belcher's team doing at present? C．It is making batteries with viruses 3．What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？D．Expand：4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？D．It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5. How tiny is one battery part?A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．（三十五）Putting plants to work（植物效能）1. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.2.Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3.According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?B When there is no oxygen in the air.4.Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5.What is NOT true of algae?C They are cheap to eat.（三十六）Listening device provides landslide early warning（听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警）1.What does “such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to?D Landslides2.Which of the following statements is true of landslides?D All of above3.Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device, according to paragraph 4?A It is filled in with gravel.5.According to the context, what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences.（三十七）“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义）1.Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA who drink alcohol outside of meals.2.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3.Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A 3 drinks.4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B Laryngeal cancer.5.According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.（三十八）2012版教材改为"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?C They have found methane-based life on Titan.2. What do scientists say about Titan? A There are life clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does"this form of life" refer to?B Methane-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?. D A different Life Form, a Possibility.（三十九）Clone farm（克隆农场）1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?C Cloned chickens are bulk-produced every hour.2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?A The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,” Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishesD chickens’ could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?C Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT thatA farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.（四十）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（教数学，教焦虑）（2012新增）1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject. 3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming1)What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?。
2014职称英语_理工类A级阅读理解及完型填空
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the 3amount ofunhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack4risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8possobility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or lessthesame 9degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outletsas they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 penceper 12customer ---not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s WatersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to 1 attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a 2 valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their 3 existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from 4 EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas 5 because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, 6 where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person 7 for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the 8 times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and 9 chemicals produced by animals. These powerful 10 senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any 11 other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune 12 systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks 13 recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s 14 oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too 15 great . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 collapse.But most earthquakes are much 6 shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.==Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common?1．According to the first paragraph，people try to C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．2．What is Belcher's team doing at present?C. It is making batteries with viruses．3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？D. Expand：4.Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？D It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5.How tiny is one battery part?A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．．Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers．1．What does “Such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to? D Landslides．2．Which of the following statements is true of landslides? D All of the above．3．Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms．4．Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device，according 1o Paragraph4?A It is filled in with gravel．5．According to the context，what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences．"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that peopleA who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion m ade by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day? A 3 drinks.4Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in thepassage?B Oral cancer.5According to the last paragraph, tissue‟s lower exposure to alcohol D reduces therisk of laryngeal cancer.Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,：1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2.What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5.David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles1. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least1.What are the energy resources that are notrenewable according to the article? D A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges DamB is of the same size of the US’s Hoover Dam.3.Which is the country with the first commercialpower station that makes use of ocean currentsproduced by tides? B Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true ofwind power? D All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as windB are renewable so sustainable.Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influenceon a given ecosystem?Researchers Discover Why Humans BeganWalking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of findingB what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries．1 But according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me 3 personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．9 Finally,the researchers had participants 10 complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In 12 their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience s tress, often associated with our 15 connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one.1 The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb D both A and C.2 According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities? B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass3 What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.4 What is said about cell phone use in themid-1980s in paragraph 5?A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.5 Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question(What caused the “life-saving effect”to occur in the early 1990s？)?B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA1scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. 1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?C）Water in a soil sample.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?C）The samples got stuck inside the scoop.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A）Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?C）They are from both America and Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A）It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.。
2014职称英语理工A阅读理解(教材)
A级—理工类第一部分阅读理解Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole's gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a super massive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of ColumbiaUniversity in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process.练习：1. Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which ofthe following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably,D The black hole could devour the star.2. According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem ofA whether nuclear reaction would occur.B whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C whether shock waves would occur.D whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.3. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.4. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.5. According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph: 6 meansA "Confusion. "B "Tearing apart."C "Interruption. "D "Flattening. "Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCC's predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleldett and Colin Campbell of UppsalaUniversity say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Theiranalysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world's remaining reserves.Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel's work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.Even if oil and gas run out, "there's a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows'' for policy makers.练习：1. What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?A) The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earth's doomsday.B) The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenarios.C) Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction.D) Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.2. Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toA) pay attention to global meltdown. B) cut CO2 emissions.C) use more green energy. D) stop using fossil fuels.3. What are the estimates of the world's oil and gas reserves?A) 4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast. B) 8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes.C) 3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC. D) 3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?A) He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas.B) He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually.C) He thinks IPCC's view on the world's oil reserves is too optimistic.D) He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic's assertion that "... such a switchwould be disastrous ..."?A) The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2.B) A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.C) Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming.D) A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers' ones would be disastrous.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples."We have water," said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. "This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted."The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. "Mars is giving us some surprises," said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. "We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far."Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead."It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars," said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft. "The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see," said Mark Lemmon of TexasA & MUniversity, lead scientist for Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera. "They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale."练习：1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?A Vast lakes.B Flowing rivers.C Water in a soil sample.D Living things.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?A The sample vaporized away.B Fresh material was exposed to the air.C The samples got stuck inside the scoop.D The robotic arm hit a hard rock.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.B Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves.C Scientists have been trying to find out if there is life supporting material on Mars.D Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?A They are from America.B They are from Canada.C They are from both America and Canada.D They are from neither America nor Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.B It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos.C It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object.D It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures."Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete. work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.练习：1. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.D Both Band C.3. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?A Not yet.B Yes, they do.C They will know the answer in another one or two-years.D They will never know the answer.4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B They are interbreeding species.C They are two genetically distant species.D They depend on each other for survival.5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s.because scientistsA identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.C thought there was only one mosquito species.D did not know what species was being studied.Thirsty in Karachi（卫生A）After two weeks in Karachi, I’m not sure whether to laugh or to cry. Either way, it involves water—or rather the lack of it.In Western Europe or the US, you only have to turn on the tap and you’ll see a jet of cold water, ready to drink, cook and bathe in, or wash the car. Turn o n the tap in Karachi and you’ll be lucky to fill a few buckets. Until 1947 the city was part of British India, whose engineers built and maintained a modest water supply network for the city’s 500,000 inhabitants. Today, Karachi is home to around 12 million people. Half of them live in slum townships, with little or no water through the mains. Even the rich half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.Half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.According to the state-owned Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the city needs more than 2,500 million litres of water each day. The board currently supplies 1,650 million litres of which nearly 40 per cent is lost from leaks—and theft. Leaks are dime a dozen to water utilities the world over, but theft?Karachi’s unlikely water pirates turn o ut to be ordinary families struggling to get adequate supplies of one of life’s necessities. Stealing water takes many forms. The simplest is to buy a suction pump and get it attached to the water pipe that feeds your house from the mains. This should maximize your share of water every time the board switches on the supply. When the practice started 20 years ago, the pumps would be carefully hidden or disguised as garden ornaments. These days people hardly bother. The pumps are so widespread and water board inspectors so thin on the ground that when officials do confiscate a pump its owner simply buy a replacement.Insisting that people obey the law won’t work because most households have littlealternative but to steal. For its part, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board says it would dearly like to make life easier, but finds itself mired in debt because most residents either won’t pay water charges or can’t afford to the Urban Resource Centre, a Karachi-based think tank, of the 1.2 million known consumers of water only 750,000 are billed, of whom just 163,000 actually pay for their supplies. The board makes a perpetual loss, and there is no money to improve the system or even plug the leaks. Worse, the board increasingly relies on international loans from institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, which only makes its debt worse.The joke is that the owners of the suction pumps end up with little—if any—extra water. Your house is in a line with 20 other households all tapping into one horizontal pipeline. All you can end up doing, given you have pumps of equal strength, is redistribute each other’s entitlement and pay higher electricity bills into the bargain.Back home in London, I’ll remember not to complain about the water meter, or the hosepipe ban.练习：1．According to the passage, people in Karachi today suffer from a short supply of water becauseA. the water supply network built in 1947 has stopped to function.B. the city has become much larger than before.C. old networks can not meet the need of the city’s greatly-increased population.D. other city is longer a part of British India.2. Now people in Karachi do not hide or disguise the suction pumps they use to steal water becauseA. the pumps are no longer wanted as garden ornaments.B. water supply board officials no longer confiscate them.C. it does not cost much money to buy a new one.D. many households have them and there are very few inspectors around to try to find them.3. Confronted with a severe shortage of water supply, the city’s Water and Sewerage BoardA. tries to improve the water supply system with borrowed money.B. is not making any effort to improve the situation.C. urges the consumers to obey the law.D. charges the consumers more for the water they use.4.Which of the following is true of the owners of the suction pumps, if their neighbors have equally powerful pumps as they do?A. They get some extra water.B. They only pay more for electricity.C. They share what they can get with their neighbors.D. They replace their pumps with new ones.5. Which of the following is true about the author when he is back home in London?A. He misses the days he spent in Karachi.B. He forgets the complaints he made in Karachi.C. He is content with the water supply in London.D. he complains about the water supply in London.。
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解2
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解（2）More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims.“The school bus is a mirror of the community.” They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community.They are right--sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy.school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since st ye ar when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。
she requested to ride the same busThis year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus.She says，”It’s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener.Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important.Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.’’Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree.Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record：“You do not come by employee s like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record.He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles.Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.”Althouse further adds，“Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since.My grandfather started the business with one bus. ”Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.’’ Three generation s of business is not all the company has enjoyed.Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships throughgenerations，Liesl’s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara School District.31 Th e word“mirror'’in the first line could be best replaced byE “vehicle”.F “device”.G “need”H “reflection”.32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus CompanyA for 30 years.B for 70 years.C since last year.D since 200033 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?A He is popular with his passengers.B He has never missed a day of work.C He is an impatient personD He has driven 350.000 accident free miles.34 Althouse Bus Company was founded byA Larry Althouse.B Althouse's grandfatherC Liesl's motherD Ashley Batista.35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention toA employing young driversB running quality schools.C providing free driving lessonsD building sound relationships.参考答案：31 D mirror和reflection都有“反映”的意思。
2014年职称英语考试 理工类B级 阅读理解 必考题 字典版 直接打印 正反打印
Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience Shimi,a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology,recommends songs,dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled,one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive“musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg,the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a“brain”powered by an Android phone.Once docked,the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words,if there’s an “app”for that,Shimi is ready.For instance,by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its“ears”，or speakers,for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat,Shimi analyzes it,scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions,said Music Technology Ph.D. candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list. Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.”Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the2013holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes,we think that they will be this kind of machines一small,entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”词汇：pump v.用抽水机抽;不断播放（音乐）scan v.扫描;浏览skip v.轻跳，跳跃sync n.同步，同时;v.使同步tempo n.速度;节奏注释：1.Georgia Tech:全称是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亚理工学院，建于1885年，位于亚特兰大市中心。
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解4
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解（4）A Pay Rise or Not ?“Unless I get a rise, I'll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley," George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in, but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family. That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham, a nearby city about 50 miles away. He had been offered a job in a factory there, and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford, a medium-sized to~/n. He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else, but if he took the job in Birmingham, he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors. The company was in deep trouble because, among other reasons, the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result, Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all. Even then, orders were still not coming in fast enough, so that there was no money for raises (加工资) for his working Somehow, he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well. He sighed. Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible Manley sighed again. He could guess what it was about. George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him Manley rubbed his forehead (前额); His problems seemed endless.1 Henry Manley was already deeply in debt.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2 The job that had been offered to George in Birmingham paid better.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3 If George took the job in Birmingham, he would have to leave his family at Wyeford.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4 Henry Manley's company was in deep trouble.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5 Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6 Henry Manley had no idea at all why George Strong wanted to see him.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7 George Strong was the best engineer in Henry Manley's Company.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案：1.C 2.A 3.13 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C。
2014年全国职称英语考试教材阅读理解电子版--含译文、题型分析
第一篇 (2102.2013.2014)Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2014年职称英语理工类A级字典版阅读理解34课至50课
34.BatteriesBuiltbyViruses病毒电池What do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common?They'realldiseasecausedbyviru ses,tiny microorganisms that can pass frompersontoperson.It'snowonderth atwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutvir uses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.水痘、普通感冒、流感和艾滋病有哪些相似之处呢？这些都是由病毒引起的疾病，病毒是能够在人与人之间传染的微生物。
难怪大部分人一提到病毒，首先想到的是如何躲避病毒。
Noteveryonerunsfromthetin ydiseasecarriers,though.InCam bridge,Massachusetts,scientistshaved iscoveredthatsomeviruses canbe helpful 'in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some ofthe world's smallest rechargeable batteries.然而，并不是每个人都躲避这些疾病携带者。
在马萨诸塞州剑桥市，科学家发现有些病毒能起到非同寻常的作用。
他们使病毒开始工作，使病毒构成世界上最小的充电电池Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaboratorsbringtogetherdifferen tareasofscienceinnewways.Inthecase ofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescien tistscombinewhattheyknowabout biology, technology and production techniques.病毒和电池的搭档似乎并不常见，但这对于工程师安吉拉•贝尔彻来说却并不陌生，安吉拉•贝尔彻最早产生了这一想法。
2014年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类试题及答案
2014职称英语《理工B》真题及答案(代码22)第一部分：词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
1. The majority of people around here are decent.A. realB. honestC. normalD. wealthy答案：D2. The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.A. hiddenB. traditionalC. inflexibleD. official答案：C3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. furnishB. copyC. publishD. summarize答案：A4. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A. excitementB. disappointmentC. angerD. calm答案：B5. Several windows had been smashed.A. cleanedB. replacedC. fixedD. broken答案：D6. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A. painsB. partsC. aspectsD. results7. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial答案：C8. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A. homeworkB. justiceC. modelD. act答案：D9. He led a very moral life.A. humanB. intelligentC. naturalD. honourable答案：D10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A. sincereB. respectfulC. emptyD. terrible答案：C11. It was a majic night until the spell was broken.A. timeB. charmC. spaceD. opportunity答案：B12. His professional career spanned 16 years.A. startedB. changedC. movedD. lasted答案：D13. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. discoverB. proveC. considerD. imagine14. His knowledge of French is fair.A. very usefulB. very limitedC. quite goodD. rather special答案：B15. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A. limitB. regulateC. opposeD. support答案：D第二部分：阅读判断下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014职称英语新增文章——理工类B级完美版(已排版、含译文、含完整解答)
2014职称英语教材理工类B级新增文章一、阅读判断第8篇：What Is a Dream?（B级）What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person'smind and emotions.Before modem times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams ina scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900 ), Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud' s. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Dornhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreamsare often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. 3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event willactually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家 psychiatrist n.精神病学家（医生）Austrian adj.奥地利的 gender n.性别注释：1.SigmundFreud西格蒙德.费洛伊德(1856-1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解3
2014年职称英语考试试题：理工类A级阅读理解（3）The Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish.For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty—seven people.Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water‘turns over’regularly.That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly.However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over.No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases.When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，France，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos.They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air.Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer.Now， when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain.With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely.However, the scientists are not sure that one pipewill be enough to prevent explosions.They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place.the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages.That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?A Water will flow down the hillsB Poisonous gases will be released suddenly.C A strong wind will rise from the lakesD The volcanoes will come to life.42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?A They were formed in 1984.B They are at the top of two active volcanoes.C They are not like most other crater lakes.D Water in them turns over regularly.43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode becauseA the gases rise to the top and mix with air.B people from the villages turn over the water.C scientists have put in a computer system.D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes44 A team of scientists hasA erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeB identified the gases at the bottom of the lakeC built a beautiful fountain near the lakesD removed all dangerous gases from the lakes45 What do we learn from the last paragraph?A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes.B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosionsC Explosion disasters could be avoided in the futureD Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby.参考答案：41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。
2014年职称英语(理工类)50篇阅读理解答案总结背诵包括翻译
2014年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板含翻译第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。
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（一）Ford abandons electric vehicles（福特放弃电动汽车）1.What have the Ford motor company, General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?C They have given up producing electric cars.2. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered carsB will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future.3.Which' auto `manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?A Toyota and Nissan.4.According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid carsC run more miles than petrol driven cars.5.Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?D The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.（二）World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict（世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值）1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “Sparked” Appearing in paragraph 2?”B stimulated2.The term “a bell shaped curve” appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willD start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?D It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4.What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?A It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.5.Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?B Kuwaiti scientists.（三）Citizen scientists（公民科学家）1. Ecologists turn to non-scientist citizens for help because they need themC to collect data of the life cycle of living things.2.What are citizen scientists asked to do?B To send their research observations to a professional database.3.In “All that's needed to become one ... (paragraph2)” , what does the word “one” stands forB a citizen scientist.4.What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A Only experts can participate in it.5 .What is the final purpose of Project BudBurst?D To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.（四）Motoring technology（汽车技术）1.What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate?C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.2.According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happenB because drivers make mistakes.3.Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage?D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.4.What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications?C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.5.What is true of robotic drivers?A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.（五）Late-night drinking（在深夜饮咖啡）1.The author mentions "pick-me-up" to indicate thatC coffee is a stimulant.2.Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?C Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.3.What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss?A Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.4.What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph 4 prove?D Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.5.The author of this passage probably agrees thatB we should not drink coffee after supper.（六）Making Light of Sleep（不要太在意睡眠）2012新增1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseB it has a cycle of 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatB staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye'slight-sensing system?B The human eye had one light-sensing system.（七）Sugar power for cell phones（用糖为手机发电）1. According to the first paragraph, when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.2.What trouble did Minteer and Klotzbach have in their research?A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.3. According to Paragraph 5, electrons are releasedC when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4.What is exciting about the new fuel cells?B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.5.According to the last paragraph, what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.（八）Eiffel is an eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）1. Why does the author think the Eiffel Tower is transformed into symbol' of a world on the move?B Tourists of all nationalities come- to, scribble on the cold iron of the tower.2.What seems strange to the author?A Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view.3.Which statement is NOT true of Hugues Richard?C He climbed 747 steps up ,the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds4.What did the builder use the Eiffel Tower for?B Conducting research in various fields.5.Which of the following is neatest in meaning to " (The Eiffel Tower is like) a blank canvas for visitors to make of it what they will" ?C Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents. （九）Egypt felled by famine（埃及饱受饥荒折磨）1.Why does the author mention "pyramid builders"?D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation.2.Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civilisation of ancient Egypt?A Change of climate.3.Which of the following statements is true?D The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.4.According to Krom, Egypt's Old Kingdom fellA immediately after a period of drought.5.The word “devastating” in the last paragraph could be best replaced byB “damaging”.（十）Young female chimps outlearn their brothers（年轻雌猩猩学习优于她们的弟兄）1.Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at -fishing for termites?B Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.2.What are the tools with which chimps fish, for termites?B Vegetation.3.Which of the following is .true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6?C Females could get out more termites with every dip.4.How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time on playingD It will make them good fighters and hunters' in the future.5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.（十一）The net cost of making a name for yourself（网上申请个人域名的费用）1.The domain name “. edu” is operated byB the company Network Solutions.2.The .firm, .shop, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains are NOT run byB the US government.3.Global Names of Singapore isB a registrar.4.How can a company. successfully register a name with the Internet?A It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.5.What is the meaning of the phrase "net cost" in the title?B The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet. （十二）Florida hit by cold air mass（佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击）1.Which of the following statements is not meant in the first two paragraphs?B The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.2. According to the second paragraph, in which area( s) did.the temperature fall below zero?B Parts of interior South Florida.3.King's statement that "We brought shorts, T-shirt, and 1 had to go out and buy another coat.''shows thatA he was caught by the sudden cold.ernor Jeb issue the emergency order because heC wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit to market as possible.5.Which statement is NOT true according to the last paragraph? D Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers..（十三）Invisibility ring（隐形环）1.Harry Potter is mentioned in the passage, because scientistsC try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.2.What is true of microwaves?B Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light.3.What is NOT true of the invisibility device?B Microwaves bounce off it when' they, strikeit.'' .4.What does the word "coaster" mean in the passage?A disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top.5.Harry Potter's invisibility cloak doesn't have any real competition yet, becauseC the cloaking device works only for, microwaves.（十四）Japanese car keeps match for drunk drivers（日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车）1.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Japanese concepts car?C It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.2.What has V olvo developed?B A breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt.3.What is the. function of .the. camera. mentioned in Paragraph 4?A It monitors the driver's eyes-to see ,if he needs a rest.4.According to Doi,D Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 6?B The car will automatically keep to its lane.（十五）Winged robot learns to fly（肋生双翅机器人学飞行）1.Which of the following is NOT true of what is mentioned about the winged robot in the second paragraph?C The two professors of CUT programmed the data on' how the robot flapped its wings.2.How did the robot behave at the beginning of the test?B It twitched but gradually gained height.3.Which of the following is nearest to Peter, Bentley’s view on the winged robot?A The winged robot- could never really fly4.What measured how much lift the robot produced?B A movement detector.5.What does “the process” appearing in the last paragraph refer to?D All the above.（十六）Japanese drilling into core of earth（日本人的地心旅行）1.According to the passage, Mount UnzenB erupted in 1991.2.According to the passage, the study of the Mount Unzen volcano may benefit Japan in all the following aspects EXCEPTD predicting volcano eruptions.3.Why is- this research project so important to Japan?A Because Japan has many living volcanos.4.The drilling site on Mount Unzen isC about half way up the mountain.5.The title of this passage Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth actually means that' theyA drill a hole into the core of a volcano.（十七）A sunshade for the planet（地球防晒霜）1.According to the first two paragraphs, the author thinks thatC despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.2.Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people toC think the problem has been solved.3.What does Stephen Schneider say about a heroin addict and methadone?A Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.4.What is Stephen Schneider's idea of preventing global warming?C To apply sunscreen to the Earth:5.What is NOT true of the effectiveness of "sunscreen" , according to the last paragraph?D It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.（十八）Thirst for oil（石油匮乏）1.”…will need to cure our addiction to oil.” Why does the author say so?D Oil supply is decreasing.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next-to oil.3.Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?A The United States4.What do 'experts say about: the earth's fuel reserves?B There will soon be an energy crisis.5.What is NOT, the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the' last paragraph?D The sea level will go up.（十九）2012版教材改为Graphene's Superstrength（2012年4月真题）（二十）Explorer of the extreme deep（深海探索器）l .What is Alvin?C A submersible.2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.3.“... a world that is still full of mysteries” refers toC the ocean4.In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?D Shape.5.In what aspects are he new HOV and Alvin different.D Both A and B.（二十一）Plant gas（植物，沼气的又一来源）1.What was scientists' 'understanding of methane?C It was produced in oxygen-free environments.2.To test whether plants are a source of methane, the scientists createdB an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.3.Which statement is true of the methane emissions of plants in the experiment?D The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.4.Which of the following about methane is Not mentioned in the passage?D Microbes in plants produce methane.5.What is the beneficial point of some microbes lconsuming, plant-produced methane?C Less methane reaches the atmosphere（二十二）Snowflakes（雪花）1.What does Professor Libbrecht believe to be true?A No two snowflakes' are exactly the same in shape. 2.What do the simplest snow crystals look like?D They are six-sided.3.What are the factors that affect the shape and growth rate, of a snow crystal?A Humidity and temperature.4.It can be felt from the description in the 2nd paragraph that the authorA admires the beauty' of the snowflakes.5.Libbrecht is not' able toC create snowflakes that are exactly alike.（二十三）P owering a city? It’s a breeze（风力发电，轻而易举）1.What are the symbols of the Netherlands according to the first paragraph?B Wooden shoes and wooden windmills..2.Which statement best describes the urban turbine mentioned in the second paragraph?B It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.3.The smallest models of an urban turbineC can be' carried up to the rooftop without a crane.herlands leads in the urban turbine technology becauseD the' Netherlands is 'a small country with a large population.5.According to the last paragraph, what are the advantages of wind power technology?D Both A and C.（二十四）Underground coal fires—a looming catastrophe （地下煤着火—即将来临的灾难）l.According to the first paragraph, one of the warnings given by the scientists is thatC poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.2.According to the third paragraph, what will happen when the underground heat does not disappear?A Coal heats up on its own and catches ire and burns.3.What did Stracher analyze in his article published in the International Journal of Coal Ecology?D Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.4.Which of the following statements about Paul Van Dijk is NOT true?B He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands.5.According to the fifth paragraph, what is the suggested method to control underground fires?D Cutting off the oxygen supply.（二十五）Eat to live（为生存而食）1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?D We have to begin dieting since childhood.2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice3.What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned' in the passage?D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation4.According to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old age.5.According to the, last two paragraphs, Spindler believes thatC dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. （二十六）Male and female pilots cause accidents differently （男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异）1.What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?B Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes2.Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?D Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash.3.How did the researchers carry out their study?A They studied the findings of several previous research projects.4.What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?B Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.5.In the comparison of female and male pilotsD male pilots are found to make more errors indecision-making.（二十七）Driven to distraction（）分散注意力驾驶1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs?C Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?D All of the above.3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?C In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchersD want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5.What kind of directions do men and women prefer?B Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.（二十八）Sleep lets brain file memories（睡眠促使记忆归档存储）1.Which of the following statements-is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file”?A Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?2.What is the result' of the experiment with rats and mice carried 'out 'at Rutgers University?C Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.3.What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4?D The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.4.In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?B The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.5.According to the last paragraph; what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?D To control glucose levels.（二十九）Food fright（对食物的惊恐）1.Paragraphs 1,2 & 3 try to give the idea thatA GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans.2.Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed :milkweed cited in Paragraph 6?C It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side3.What happens to those insects when not killed by the spray of insecticide?B They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment.4.Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the pas-sage?D The United States has not banned GM foods.5.What is the writer's attitude to GM foods?A We cannot tell from the passage.（三十）Digital realm（数码王国）1.The techniques of voice recognitionB are in its initial stage of development.2.According to the second paragraph, when we reach the stage of artificial intelligenceA machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.3.What's the best description of Gordon Moore's law as mentioned in the third paragraph?A It motivates the development of the digital world.4.What can people do in a future scene as described in the fourth paragraph?D All of the above.5.Which of the following statements is true of a personalized market?C In a personalized market, products are tailored to each consumer.（三十一）Hurricane Katrina（卡特里娜飓风）1. What is the eye of a hurricane?C A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.2.Which of the following is NOT the “requirements”mentioned in the second paragraph?A The tropical waters are warm and calm.3.Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive” in the third paragraph?C To supply the motive force or power and cause to function.4.What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?B Low pressure5.What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?D The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression（三十二）Mind-reading Machine（读心机）1. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?C Neurons in the brain.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3. “Highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means _____.A “marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”4.What did the researchers experiment on?B Two volunteers.5.Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title?B Your Thoughts can be Scanned（三十三）Experts call for local and regional control of sites for radioactive waste（专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点）1.Which of the following words can best substitute the word “withdrawal” in the first paragraph? B Canceling.2.According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilitiesB should be approved by local people and states.3.What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4.What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.5.What is meant by “regional approach” as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.（三十五）Putting plants to work（植物效能）1. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.2.Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3.According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?B When there is no oxygen in the air.4.Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5.What is NOT true of algae?C They are cheap to eat.（三十六）Listening device provides landslide early warning （听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警）1.What does “such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to?D Landslides2.Which of the following statements is true of landslides?D All of above3.Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signsof landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device, according to paragraph 4?A It is filled in with gravel.5.According to the context, what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences.（三十七）“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning（“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义）1.Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with peopleA who drink alcohol outside of meals.2.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3.Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day?A 3 drinks.4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?B Laryngeal cancer.5.According to the last paragraph, tissue’s lower exposure to alcoholD reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.（三十八）2012版教材改为"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan（2012年4月真题）（三十九）Clone farm（克隆农场）1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?C Cloned chickens are bulk-produced every hour.2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?A The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,”Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishesD chickens’ could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph? C Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producingcell-injecting machines.5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT thatA farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.（四十）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety（教数学，教焦虑）（2012新增）1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' mathachievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.第四十一篇Too Little for Global WarmingWhat do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?D Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toB cut CO2 emissions.3. What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?D 3,500 billion by a growing numher of scientists.4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?D He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic's assertion that“…such a switch would be disastrous …”?B A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.第四十二篇Renewable Energy SourcesWhat are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?D A and B.China’s Three Gorges DamC is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?B Norway.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?D All of the above.5. According to the article, resources such as windB are renewable so sustainable.第四十三篇Forecasting MethodsWhnt factor is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?A Imagination of the forecaster.2. Persistence method will work wellB if weather conditions do not change much.The limitation of the trends method is the same as the persistence method in thatD the weather features need to be constant for a long period of time.Which method may involve historical weather data?C Both climatology method and analog method.It will be impossible to make weather forecast using the analog methodA when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. 第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution1 Still Seems NeededAccording to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory of evolution is true?B School boards oppose AIBS’s effort to defend the theory of evolution. .Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin’s theory?D Darwin’s theory is denied as the central theory of biology. AIBS is composed ofA more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolutionA is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics. .Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays？D Because the term creationism is too direct.第四十五篇2012版教材改为Small But Wise （2012年4月真题）第四十六篇Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"（蚂蚁作为生态工程师对环境影响巨大）（2012新增）1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, ants ？A prey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants？D produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?第四十七篇Listening to Birdsong（A级）1. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches? C）Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.2. What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches?A）Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.3. What is meant by "concert songs" in the seventh paragraph?B）Songs sung by male finches for female finches.4. What is NOT true of directed communication?D）Male zebra finches sing to themselves.5. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage?.B）Birdsongs as communication.第四十八篇“Hidden”Species May Be Surprisingly CommonWhich of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?D The results of the research can help our understanding of。