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Chapter 1:1. A difference between operations and projects is that operations end when their objectives have been reached, whereasprojects do not. F2.Every project should have a well-defined objective. T3.Projects should be developed in increments. T4.Resources in a project should be used effectively because they are limited. T5. A project manager’s primary role is to provide the funding for a project. F6.One of the main reasons why project management is challenging is because of the factor of uncertainty. T7.Managing the triple constraint primarily involves making trade-offs between resources and quality. F8.The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project. F9. A project’s stakeholders consist of its customers, users, and suppliers. T10.Opponents of a project do not belong to the category of stakeholders. F11.The importance of stakeholders’ needs and expectations is limited to the beginning of a project. F12.The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for whichit was undertaken. F13.Stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are tools used in integration management. T14.Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects. T15.Program managers are change agents. T16.Effective program managers recognize that managing a project is much more complex than managing a program. F17.It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field ofinformation technology. F18.To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess is excellent technical skills. F19.The introduction of new software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive and easyto create. T20.The enterprise project management software, which aids project and portfolio management, is a low-end tool. F (Fill in the blanks)1.A(n) _____ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. project2._____ include people, hardware, software, or other assets. Resources3. A project’s sponsor is also known as a(n) _____. primary customer4.In project management, the three limitations of scope, time, and cost are referred to as the _____. triple constraint5.The question, “What unique product does the customer expect from the project?” is an example of a(n) _____constraint. scope6.The _____ of project management includes quality, scope, time, and cost constraints. quadruple constraint7._____ is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet projectrequirements. ”Project management8.Project management _____ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. knowledge areas9.Project _____ management consists of preparing and managing the budget for a project. cost10.A(n) _____ is “a group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not availablefrom managing them individually.” program11._____ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a cluster of investmentsthat contribute to the entire enterprise’s success. Project portfolio management12.Soft skills are also known as _____ skills. human relations13.The _____ is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969.Project Management Institute14.Ethics is a set of principles that guides decision making based on _____ of what is considered right and wrong. personalvaluesMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following is true of projects? Ba. They have an indefinite beginning and end. c. They are developed using regressive elaboration.b. They have a unique purpose. d. They are permanent in nature.2.The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. Aa. project sponsor c. support staff memberb. project manager d. project team3.Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tilemanufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy isfacing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which of thefollowing constraints is Galaxy currently facing? Aa. Resources c. Scopeb. Time d. Cost4.Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is beingbuilt for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff toensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. Da. Steve c. the project teamb. the support staff d. the Robinson family5.Project procurement management mainly involves: Ba. making effective use of the people involved withthe project. c. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storingproject information.b. buying goods and services for a project fromoutside the performing organization. d. identifying and analyzing stakeholderneeds while managing and controlling theirengagement.6.Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected bythe different knowledge areas? Ca. Project cost management c. Project integration managementb. Project stakeholder management d. Project communications management7. A _____ is a tool used in quality management. Ba. probability matrice c. request for proposalb. checklist d. critical path analysis8.Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a fewalterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope withthe change? Ba. Negotiationb. Project environment knowledgec. Motivationd. Soft skills9.Which of the following best defines the role of leaders? Da. They focus on short-term objectives. c. They work solely toward day-to-day details ofmeeting specific tasks.b. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals. d. They inspire people to reach goals.10. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and theircorresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. Aa. calendar c. bar graphb. line graph d. pie chart11. A critical path: Ca. is the shortest path through a network diagram. c. determines the earliest completion date of a project.b. represents schedule information in calendar form. d. is a quality management tool to ensure a projectmeets the minimum quality standards.12.Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? Ca. PMS c. PMIb. PMC d. PMPChapter 2:1.Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization. Fing a systems approach is critical to successful project management. T3.Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining,and modifying a system. F4.When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job ofensuring project success. F5.Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects. T6.Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals. F7.The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project. F8.It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during the earlier phases. F9.The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase. F10.The Adaptive Software Development (ASD) life cycle model assumes that software development follows an adaptiveapproach because the requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle. T11.The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects. F12.Leadership style has no impact on the success of virtual teams. F(Fill in the blanks)1.A(n) _____ is an overall model for thinking about things as sets of interacting components working within anenvironment to fulfill some purpose. systems philosophy2.The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and _____. technology3.Some projects have a senior manager called a(n)_____ who acts as a key proponent for a project. champion4.A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment ofsoftware code, produced or provided as part of a project. deliverable5.In the _____ phase of the project life cycle, the work is completed, and customers should accept the entire project.close-out6.A(n) _____ is a framework for describing the phases involved in developing information systems. SDLC7.The term _____ describes new approaches that focus on close collaboration between programming teams and businessexperts. agile software development8._____ is an organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source. OutsourcingMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Grey’s Infotech sells customized hardware and software solutions for businesses. The salespeople for Grey’s have astrict dress code when meeting clients. They are required to wear dark business suits, in order to convey the company’sdedication to quality. The meaning conveyed to the clients’ through the salespeople’s clothing is part of the _____frame of the organization. Ba. political c. structuralb. symbolic d. human resources2._____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.Ca. Chain of command c. Organizational cultureb. Line of control d. Organizational structure3.The _____ characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management’s decisions take intoaccount the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. Ca. member identity c. people focusb. group emphasis d. unit integration4._____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment. Ba. Means-ends orientation c. Conflict toleranceb. Open-systems focus d. Risk tolerance5.A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or asegment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. Aa. deliverable c. systemb. input d. resource6.Which of the following is true of the project life cycle? Aa. In the early phases of a project life cycle, resourceneeds are usually lowest. c. It is much more expensive to make major changesto a project during the earlier phases than the latter phases.b. In the later phases of the project life cycle, the levelof uncertainty is usually the highest. d. More resources are usually needed during the initialphases of a projectthan during the middle or final phases.7.The first two traditional project phases (concept and development) focus on planning, and are often referred to as _____.Aa. project feasibility c. project implementationb. project acquisition d. project close-out8. A preliminary or rough cost estimate is developed in the _____ phase of the project life cycle, and an overview of thework involved is created. Ca. implementation c. conceptb. acquisition d. close-out9.In the development phase of the project life cycle: Aa. the project team creates more detailed project plans,a more accurate cost estimate, and a more thoroughWBS. c. managers develop a business case, which describesthe need for the project and basic underlyingconcepts.b. the project team delivers the requiredwork, and provides performance reports tostakeholders. d. managers prepare a preliminary or rough costestimate for the required work.10.The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they aredefined. Ba. spiral life cycle c. incremental build life cycleb. waterfall life cycle d. RAD life cycle11.The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software,with each release providing added capabilities. Da. spiral life cycle c. waterfall life cycleb. RAD life cycle d. incremental build life cycle12.In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specificationssimultaneously. Ba. RAD life cycle c. spiral life cycleb. prototyping life cycle d. incremental build life cycleChapter 3:1.Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project. T2.Initiating processes are not required to end a project. F3.The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project. T4.Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time. F5.The executing process group generally requires the most resources. T6.Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups. T7.Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents. F8.Agile methods comprise of 45 subprocesses which are organized into eight process groups. F9.Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task. T10.The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed. F11.The burndown chart is a Scrum created artifact that provides a list of features prioritized by business value. F12. A sprint review is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during thesprint. T13.In the Scrum method, team members work as a self-directed group coached by the ScrumMaster. T(Fill in the blanks)1.A(n)_____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. process2.A(n) _____ describes how things should be done. methodology3._____ is a project management methodology that defines 45 separate sub processes and organizes these into eightprocess groups. PRojects IN Controlled Environments4.A(n) _____ is a docu ment that includes stakeholders’ roles, names, organizations, and contact information. stakeholderregister5.A(n) _____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals ofthe project, and discuss future plans. kick-off meeting6. A risk register is the output of _____. risk identification planning7.A(n) _____ is the person responsible for the business value of the project and for deciding what work to do and in whatorder when using a Scrum method. product owner8.A(n) _____ is a set period of time, normally two to four weeks, during which specific work must be completed andmade ready for review when using Scrum methods. sprint9.A(n) _____ is the person who ensures that the team is productive, facilitates the daily Scrum, enables close cooperationacross all roles and functions, and removes barriers that prevent the team from being effective. ScrumMaster10.In Scrum, a(n) _____ is a useful object created by people. artifact11.A(n) _____ is a Scrum artifact and consists of the highest-priority items from the product backlog to be completed in asprint. sprint backlog12._____ are short descriptions written by customers of what they need a Scrum system to do for them. User stories MULTIPLE CHOICE1._____ processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase.Aa. Initiating c. Executingb. Planning d. Monitoring and controlling2.During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a projectcharter as part of this recognition. Aa. initiating c. openingb. planning d. controlling3.The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities ofdeveloping project charters. Aa. initiating c. executingb. planning d. monitoring and controlling4.Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area.Ba. schedule management plan c. WBSb. project management plan d. quality management5._____ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area. Ca. Schedule development c. Creation of a WBSb. Developing a project management plan d. Quality planning6._____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software bestpractices to all team members. Ca. Agile Unified Process c. Rational Unified Processb. Dynamic Systems Development Method d. Six Sigma7.Which of the following is a pre-initiation task? Ba. Drawing up a work breakdown structure c. Drafting the project charterb. Developing a business case for a project d. Identifying stakeholders8.One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____. Ca. creating the work breakdown structure c. developing the project charterb. selecting the project manager d. identifying the project sponsor9.Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management? Aa. Collecting requirements c. Planning schedule managementb. Performing qualitative risk analysis d. Estimating costs10._____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management. Aa. Deliverables c. Resource calendarsb. Issue logs d. Enterprise environmental factor updates11.The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services andbringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.Ba. executing c. planningb. closing d. monitoring12.Which of the following is true about the agile method? Ca. It is often used when a project team can express thescope early in the product life cycle. c. It uses several iterations or deliveries of softwareinstead of waiting until the end of the project toprovide a product.b. It is used when a project team wants to provide apotentially shippable product earlier rather thanlater. d. It is used when project teams want to use thepredicative approach to a project.13.Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum? Da. Determining how many sprints will compose eachreleasec. Completing tasks each day during sprintsb. Demonstrating the product during a sprint reviewmeetingd. Creating sprint backlog14.The improvement of the product and process in the Scrum method is discussed at the _____. Aa. sprint reflection meeting c. kick-off meetingb. sprint review meeting d. daily Scrum meeting15. A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method. Aa. team contract c. Gantt chartb. velocity estimate d. product backlog16. A _____ is an important Scrum artifact used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring andcontrolling process. Ca. WBS c. burndown chartb. sprint backlog d. product backlogChapter 4:1.Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project. F2.Projects that address broad organizational needs are likely to fail. F3.As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if theproject should be continued, redefined, or terminated. T4.Projects that arise as a result of problems and directives must be resolved quickly to avoid hurting an organization’sbusiness. T5.An organization should consider only projects with a negative NPV if financial value is a key criterion for projectselection. F6.The ROI is always positive. F7.Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested ina project. T8. A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete theproject. F9.Some organizations initiate projects using a contract in place of a project charter. T10. A Gantt chart is the same as a project management plan. F11.It is necessary that IT project managers have prior technical experience in creating and managing IT products. F12.Change requests are always made in writing. Tanizational process asset updates are an important output of the closing process of a project. T(Fill in the blanks)1._____ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project’s life cycle.Project integration management2.A(n) _____ involves analyzing a company’s strengths, wea knesses, opportunities, and threats, and is used to aid instrategic planning.SWOT analysis3._____ is a technique that uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.Mind mapping4._____ refer to chances to improve the organization.Opportunities5._____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting allexpected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in present value6. A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the _____, the return available by investing the capitalelsewhere.cost of capital7._____ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.ROI8.A(n) _____ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.weighted scoringmodel9.A(n) _____ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.baseline10.A(n) _____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.change control board MULTIPLE CHOICE1.In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, andconstraints. Aa. project planningb. business area analysisc. resource allocationd. information technology strategy planning2.In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects. Ca. project planningb. business area analysisc. resource allocationd. information technology strategy planning3.The first step in determining the NPV is to _____. Aa. determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it producesb. determine the discount ratec. calculate the net present valued. determine the cash flow4.Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI? Aa. It is always a percentage. c. It is the result of adding the project costs to theprofits.b. It is always a positive number. d. The lower it is, the better.5.Payback occurs when: Ba. the net cumulative benefits minus costs equal one. c. the net costs are lower than the cumulative benefits.b. the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulativecosts. d. the cumulative benefits are double the cumulativecosts.6.In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent. Ca. 10 c. 100b. 50 d. 1507. A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives andmanagement. Da. stakeholder register c. directiveb. risk register d. project charter8. A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project’s execution andcontrol. Aa. project management plan c. scope statementb. statement of work d. business case9.The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____. Ca. a detailed budget c. an elaborate timetableb. a list of key deliverables d. a directory of staff involved in the project10.The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project’s budget. Aa. execution c. closingb. planning d. monitoring and controlling11.An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready ontime. This would be an example of _____. Da. cost forecasting c. defect repairsb. a preventive action d. a corrective action12.A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified,the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes.Da. WBS c. performance reportb. project charter d. change control system13._____ involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and theirsupport documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project’s products are correct and complete. Ca. NPV analysis c. Configuration managementb. Project management information systems d. Project time managementChapter 5:1.Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software. F2.The project’s size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collectingrequirements for scope planning. F3.Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions.F4.The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start. F5.Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developingsoftware, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement. T6.The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primaryinputs for creating a WBS. T7.The WBS is organized solely around project phases. F8. A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver. F9.The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps. F10.Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs. T11.Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format. T12.The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects. F13. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.T14.Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.T(Fill in the blanks)1._____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.Scope2.Creating the _____ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.WBS3._____ refer to “conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result tosatisfy an agreement or other form ally imposed specification.” Requirements4.A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope. WBS5.Subdividing the project deliverables into smaller pieces is known as _____. decomposition6.The _____ includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary. scope baseline7.PMI uses the term “_____” to describe each level of work in the WBS. task8. A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS. lowest9.In the _____ approach to creating a WBS, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project aspossible. bottom-up10._____ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas when creating aWBS. Mind mapping11.A(n) _____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item. WBS dictionary12._____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. Scope creep13._____ is the difference between planned and actual performance. Variance14._____ involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. PrototypingMULTIPLE CHOICE1.The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. Ca. variance c. deliverableb. scope d. work package2._____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as wellas the processes used for creating them. Aa. Collecting requirements c. Controlling scopeb. Defining scope d. Validating scope3.Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. Aa. planning c. closingb. monitoring and controlling d. executing4.The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed. Ba. requirements traceability matrix c. WBSb. requirements management plan d. project scope statement5.Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or productsinside or outside the performing organization is known as _____. Ba. variance c. prototypingb. benchmarking d. decomposition6.A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of theproject. Da. project charter c. project scope statementb. business case d. work breakdown structure7.The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smallerpieces. Ca. conglomeration c. decomposition。