博思真题：历年博思考试真题
关于博思(BULATS)计算机化测试的问答
关于博思（BULATS）计算机化测试的问答1、什么是博思（BULATS）计算机化考试博思（BULATS）计算机化考试是在计算机上进行的考试，是一个先进的、多用途的考试系统，根据客户所需，提供即时的英语、法语、德语、西班牙语、意大利语测评。
博思（BULATS）计算机化考试为用户快速提供外语能力信息。
考试最长时间为75分钟，考试完毕，立刻出成绩。
考试成绩按100分制计算，并根据欧洲语言测试联合会（ALTE）五个等级标准划分级别。
2、博思（BULATS）计算机化考试程序运行原理博思（BULATS）计算机化考试通过采用“渐进性”自适应考试技术，可以准确迅速地定位考生的能力。
该程序在每次考试时将会从庞大的题库中挑选试题。
考生回答完一道题后，计算机程序就对答案进行评估，并根据答题的评估结果选择下一道题。
如果前一道题目回答正确，计算机将自动选择一道难度稍大的题目；如果前一道题目回答错误，计算机将自动选择一道难度稍小的题目。
通过这种方式循序渐进，直到测出考生实际水平为止。
当程序测试出考生实际能力时，考试自行终止。
考试结束，计算机产生成绩报告。
3、博思计算机化考试的特点·是国际标准、可靠的外语能力考试。
·了解员工外语水平，帮助计划和组织培训课程。
·向客户提供应试者客观的外语水平。
·跟踪正在接受培训的员工的学习情况，了解培训成效。
·任何时间，任何地点，随时使用。
·简单易用。
·无需外部监考人员。
·无法作弊。
·使培训老师免于重复出题。
·注重员工实际工作中的外语能力。
4、博思（BULATS）计算机化考试考什么？博思（BULATS）计算机化考试评估考生在商务工作环境中所需要掌握的词汇、语法、听力和阅读理解各方面综合语言技能。
5、博思（BULATS）计算机化考试评估结果的可信赖性和性如何？博思（BULATS）计算机化考试是由剑桥大学考试委员会（UCLES）、KoBaLT和欧洲语言测试联合会（ALTE）部分成员研制开发的考试产品，这些语言机构都是国际知名的机构，具有数十年的语言测评经验。
博思(BULATS)考试真题精选整理
让知识带有温度。
博思(BULATS)考试真题精选整理博思(BULATS)考试真题精选博思(BULATS)考试试题You are given a choice of four words for each gap and you have to choose the best one.Example:● Read this letter about buying a computer.● Choose the best word to fill each space from the words below.● For each question82–86, markoneletterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.1 AprilDear Mr WhiteRe: Supply of XR6 WorkstationsI have pleasure in confirming our ability to meet your requirements for the Silicon Graphics workstation. In view of your special needs, I suggest that you place your order for the agreed equipment as soon as possible. The ........(82)........time for hardware for example is 6 weeks from receipt of order to ........(83)........ . Thus, an order placed with us tomorrow will ........(84)........ delivery to your site by the week commencing Monday, 15th May. All orders must be accompanied by第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下。
【资格考试】博思(bulats)考试全接触
教学资料范本【资格考试】博思(BULATS)考试全接触编辑：__________________时间：__________________博思(BULATS)考试全接触由××市职业能力考试院和英国剑桥大学考试委员会联合推出的××市职业英语（博思BULATS）是一种与职业活动相关、快速而实用的外文考试。
从前年起，该职业英语等级测试还作为公务员指定考试。
为了使广大英语爱好者对BULATS 有个全面了解，并积极准备，本报记者采访了××市通考办的专家，请他们来点拨一二：一、口语测试BULATS口语测试主要用于评估考生的口语技能，尤其是工作中常用口语。
口试过程中，考生和外籍考官一对一交谈，考官对考试全过程进行录音，再由另一名考官进行独立评分。
所有的BULATS口试考官都受过专门的培训，并拥有由UCLES(剑桥大学考试委员会)颁发的资格证书。
BULATS口语测试由三部分组成：面试对话、专题演讲、信息交流讨论。
口试时间共为12分钟，每部分4分钟。
1、面试对话，考生回答考官的问题，问题主要围绕家庭、学习、工作、理想、兴趣等。
要求考生做到反应灵敏，回答自如。
2、专题演讲，考生需从考官给出的三个话题中任选其一，作一分钟的演讲，并回答考官对其演讲内容所提出的问题。
3、信息交流讨论，考生与考官进行谈话，交流意见，进行讨论。
考生和考官根据问卷的要求，扮演不同的角色共同完成考题。
口试题目除了一般的商务知识外，还有为专业人员设计的考题。
二、综合化测试BULATS的综合化测试，是全面考核日常工作中所需语言能力的一种迅速可靠的测试。
该测试时间为110分钟，共分为听力、阅读和语言知识两个部分。
综合化测试的听力部分包括理解短句、记录电话留言、理解短文录音；阅读和语言知识部分包括理解简短的通知及信息、获取文章中所需信息、理解文章内容、词汇填空、语法填空、给文章改错等题型。
综合化测试的结果以0-100分来计算并对各个部分单独评分，同时以ALTE(欧洲语言测试协会)的0-5级划分。
博思for职业外语水平测试
BULATS - Business Language Testing Service博思职业外语水平测试1, 什么是博思？博思职业外语水平测试BULA TS (Business Language Testing Service)是剑桥大学专为各类公司、机构和职场工作人士设计开发的考试产品。
博思凭借完整的测试体系，灵活的考试制度，以及强大的功能性已经受到了世界众多企业、政府和机构的认可。
2，博思考试类型博思有四种测试：综合考试，计算机考试，口语考试，写作考试综合考试测试听力、阅读和语法，时间为110分钟，以纸笔形式作答。
（上海外服国际人才培训中心提供的BULA TS考试为综合考试）综合考试测试题型：第一部分：听力：理解短句，记录电话留言，理解篇幅较长的录音（考题为50题左右，考试时间为50分钟左右）第二部分：阅读：理解简短的通知及短信息，在文章中获取所需信息，理解篇幅较长的文章语法/词汇：词汇填空，语法填空，给文章改错（考题为60题左右，考试时间为60分钟左右）3，谁适合使用博思？企业客户：公司、政府机构、非赢利组织——博思考试是理想的测试工具。
它的考试内容紧密联系工作中最常使用的各种情景，可以快速有效的反应被测者的英语水平，是用于招聘，培训，人员选拔的理想工具。
个人客户：在职员工、在校学生——博思权威的语言证明，不仅可以提升个人在商务环境中使用英语的能力，更可获得权威的证书，帮助就业和升职。
4，如何评分？考试由通过剑桥大学外语考试部授权考点的专家判卷，各种形式的考试都有一份单独的成绩单，考试分数分为5个等级，并且和欧洲语言联合会的现代语言等级相连，等级标准世界广泛采用。
5，博思成绩等级说明注：ALTE (Association of Language T esters in Europe) -欧洲语言测试委员会由28个世界领先的考试委员会组成。
其目标是建立全球统一的语言评价标准，实现不同语言间评价标准的统一及互相认同。
博思(BULATS)测试介绍
博思（BULATS）测试介绍
博思职业外语水平测试—BULATS(Business Language Testing Service)是一种针对企业和商务机构提供，与实际工作相关的，快速且实用可信的语言测评服务。
博思职业外语水平测试(BULATS)由欧洲语言测试协会—ALTE(Association of Language Testers in Europe)成员机构共同开发。
这套多语种的服务涵盖英语、法语、德语和西班牙语，测试结果与欧洲委员会的欧洲现代语言教学大纲(CEFR)相连，可以与国际认可的语言资格证书进行比较。
剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部负责英语测试的设计开发。
博思试题
博思的等级/如何准备博思考试？（1）博思的等级介绍（2）学习路径：可以进入E学院网站---共享资料---输入“博思”，即可查询到相关的资料。
如还有不清楚的可以直接电话联系测评部汪聪或者洪文斌。
（3）考试介绍博思职业外语水平测试（BULATS）它由欧洲语言测试协会ALTE Association of Language Testers in Europe成员机构共同开发，提供多语种的测试服务：英语、法语、德语和西班牙语。
考试成绩与欧洲语言联合委员会等级标准相连,使BULATS成绩可以与国际认可的语言资格证书进行比较。
博思综合化考试介绍(BULATS Standard Tests)综合化测试是全面考核日常工作中所需语言能力的一种迅速可靠的测试。
测试时间为110分钟，共分两个部分：听力部分(50分钟)、阅读和语言知识部分(60分钟)。
综合化测试考核考生对口语及书面语言的理解能力，以及考生的语言知识。
题目是针对与工作相关的活动及技能来设计的。
听力部分:理解短句, 记录电话留言,理解篇幅较长的录音等.(50分钟)阅读和语言知识部分:理解简短的通知及短信息,在文章中获取所需的信息,理解篇幅较长的文章,词汇填空,文章改错等.(60分钟)所有的测试涉及的内容都是在与工作环境相关的语言。
内容包括：§工作岗位说明§公司与产品介绍§商务旅游§管理与市场营销§客户服务§制定计划§电话留言§报告、函电与演示综合考试之Listening test 听力共50分钟 (选择题和填空题)部分任务类型问题数量1 Understanding short conversations or monologues 10理解较短的对白或独白2 Taking down phone messages, orders, notes, etc. 12记录电话留言、指示、短信等3 Listening for gist: identifying topic, context or 10function. Short monologues/dialogues.明确对话主题、发生场景、目的。
博思考试（BULATS）简介
⼀、“博思”(BULATS)简介 博思考试(Business Language Testing Service，简称BULATS)，其含义为剑桥职业外语⽔平测试服务。
它是由欧洲四所的语⾔评估机构(法语联盟、歌德学院、萨拉曼卡⼤学和剑桥⼤学考试委员会)共同研制开发，是⼀种与职业活动相关的、快速⽽实⽤可信的外语考试，⽬前已在全球30多个国家和地区得到推⼴和应⽤，在国际上得到⼴泛的认可，特别是在北美、东亚、欧洲等经济发达地区具有⼴泛的影响⼒。
这项服务能够提供： 1、⼀系列与职业环境相关语⾔能⼒的标准测试——它涵盖了听⼒、阅读、词汇和语法、写作和⼝语等⽅⾯的技能； 2、多语种的测试服务，包括英语，法语，德语和西班⽛语； 3、灵活性极强的测试服务-考试时间和地点可以依据公司需求，灵活安排，并很快得出结果； 4、陈述实际⼯作语⾔能⼒的等级测试报告； 5、关于语⾔测试，评估和培训策略⽅⾯的合理建议。
⼆、“博思”(BULATS)考试的主要⽤途 1、对单位已有员⼯的外语⽔平进⾏甄别，以评估其是否适应单位⽬前和以后发展的外语⽔平要求； 2、对应聘者的外语⽔平进⾏评估，以考察其是否达到⽤⼈单位的外语要求； 3、帮助参加培训的学员定位适合的外语培训课程； 4、筛选不合适参加外语直接授课的培训学员； 5、对外语培训进⾏评估； 6、为参与培训的学员推荐适合的外语考试形式； 7、建⽴企业的职位外语基准。
三、“博思”(BULATS)考试的内容 1、⼯作岗位说明 2、公司或产品介绍 3、旅游 4、管理与市场营销 5、客户服务 6、制定业务计划 7、电话留⾔ 8、业务报告、函电与演⽰ 四、“博思”(BULATS)的优点 1、⾼质性。
强⼤的专业和技术⽀持；由国际的测试机构设计。
2、⽅便性。
可随时随地安排使⽤；便于组织者及应试者操作。
3、客观性。
结合国际标准提供语⾔技能⽅⾯客观可靠的信息。
4、省时性。
快速组织和管理测试；迅速得出测试结果(计算机化测试成绩现场即得)；免去培训者为设计试题、更新测试所花的时间。
江阴博思教育内部资料(有题有答案)——文言文专项训练(二)
文言文阅读训练2一、《寓山注》序予家高士里，固山阴道上也。
家旁小山，若有夙缘者，其名曰“寓”。
往予童稚时，季超、止祥两兄以斗粟易．之。
剔石栽松，躬荷畚锸，手足为之胼胝。
予时亦捧土作婴儿戏。
迨后余二十年，松渐高，石亦渐古，季超兄辄弃去，余则委置于丛篁灌莽中。
予自引疾南归，偶一过之，于二十年前情事，若有感触焉者。
于是卜筑之兴，遂勃．不可遏，此开园之始末也。
卜筑之初，仅欲三五楹而止。
客有指点之者，某可亭，某可榭。
予听之漠然，以为意不及此。
及于徘徊数回，不觉问客之言，耿耿胸次。
某亭、某榭，果有不可无者。
前役未罢，辄于胸怀所及，不觉领异拔新，迫之而出。
每至路穷径险，则极虑穷思，形诸梦寐，便有别辟之境地，若为天开。
以故兴愈鼓，趣亦愈浓。
朝而出，暮而归。
祁寒盛暑，体粟汗浃，不以为苦。
两年以来，橐中如洗。
予亦病而愈，愈而复病，此开园之痴癖也。
园尽有山之三面，其下平田十余亩，水石半之，室庐与花木半之。
其他轩与斋类，而幽敞各极其致。
室与山房类，而高下分标共胜。
与夫为桥、为榭、为径、为峰，参差点缀。
大抵虚者实之，实者虚之；聚者散之，散者聚之；险者夷．之，夷者险之。
如良医之治病，攻补互投；如良将之治兵，奇正并用；如名手作画，不使一笔不灵；如名流作文，不使一语不韵。
此开园之营构也。
园开于乙亥之仲冬，至丙子孟春，草堂告成，斋与轩亦已就绪。
迨于中夏，经营复始。
凡一百余日，曲池穿牗，飞沼拂几，绿映朱栏，丹流翠壑，乃可以称园矣。
此开园之岁月也。
至于园以外山川之丽，古称万壑千岩；园以内花木之繁，不止七松五柳。
四时之景，都堪．泛月迎风；三径之中，自可呼云醉雪。
此予亦不暇缕述之矣。
（有改动）1．对下列句子中加点字的解释，不正确的一项是（3分）（▲）A．两兄以斗粟易．之易：换取B．于是卜筑之兴，遂勃．不可遏勃；兴起的样子C．险者夷．之，夷者险之夷：使……平坦D．四时之景，都堪．泛月迎风堪：堪称2．下列句子中，全部表现作者“卜筑之兴”的一组是（3分）（▲）①于二十年前情事，若有感触焉者②辄于胸怀所及，不觉领异拔新，迫之而出③每至路穷径险，则极虑穷思，形诸梦寐④朝而出，暮而归⑤虚者实之，实者虚之⑥曲池穿牖，飞沼拂几，绿映朱栏，丹流翠壑A．①③⑤ B．①④⑥ C．②③④ D．②⑤⑥3．下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项是（3分）（▲）A．作者和家旁的寓山好像有夙缘，儿时哥哥在山中劳作，他也在旁边游戏，经历变故引病南归后，偶过而有所感，便一步步将它建成了景色优美的园林。
博思(BULATS)
一、什么是博思（BULATS）博思（BULATS）是英文Business Language Testing Service的缩写,汉语意译为剑桥职业外语考试，音译为博思。
它是一种与职业工作相关的、快速及实用可信的外语考试。
此考试提供：1、一系列与职业环境相关外语能力的标准考试——它涵盖了听力、阅读、词汇、语法、写作和口语等方面的技能。
2、多语种的考试服务，包括英语、法语、德语和西班牙语。
3、灵活性极强的考试服务——考试时间和地点可以根据用户要求灵活安排，并很快知道成绩。
4、陈述实际工作外语能力的等级考试报告。
5、对外语考试、评估外语技能和培训策略提出合理建议。
二、博思（BULATS）研发者的情况简介博思（BULATS）是由剑桥大学考试委员会（UCLES）和欧洲语言测试联合会（ALTE）的其它四个成员共同研制开发的，具有高度的准确性和可靠性。
ALTE是欧洲语言测试联合会的英文缩写，它是由剑桥大学和萨拉曼卡大学于1989年共同组建的，目前它的成员已发展到27个，其语言范围涉及了23种欧洲语言。
合作开发博思（BULATS）的ALTE成员有：法语联盟法语联盟成立于1883年，是一家非营利性的组织。
主要致力于法语语言及文化的教育和传播，在全球133个国家建立了1300多个中心。
为各行各业不同年龄段的380，000多名学生提供多种多样的文化活动和课程，同时颁发七个专业的文凭，包括语言、文化、文学、商业法语和商务翻译等。
歌德学院歌德学院是由公众集资筹建的非营利性、世界性的组织，成立于1951年，总部在慕尼黑。
该组织旨在国外促进德语更广泛的传播，增进德国同其它国家的文化合作。
目前已经在76个国家建立了140多个中心，为108，000多名考生服务。
歌德学院在全球德语语言和文化的入门方面扮演着重要的角色，同时提供各种各样的从基础到高级水平的德语语言考试，颁发的德语语言资格证书得到全球的认可。
萨拉曼卡大学萨拉曼卡大学成立于1218年，有很高的国际学术声望，这部分缘自于它对西班牙语言和文化的传播推广，部分是由于它对西班牙语作为一门外语领域内的教学和研究活动。
2015年博思考试模拟练习题
2015年博思考试模拟练习题Listening sectionThe recordings for Part 1 and Part 4 of the Listening section are played twice.The recordings for Part 2 and Part 3 of the Listening section are only played once.Listening Part 1 Understanding short extracts (10 questions)You listen to some short recordings (about 20 seconds long) and try to understand what they are talking about, or who is talking or what they are trying to say in each one.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Part OneQuestions 1–10●You will hear 10 short conversations.●For questions1–10, circle one letterA, BorCfor the correct answer.●You will hear each conversationtwice.1Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?A BCThen you listen to this.InstructionsQuestion 1. Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?Announcement: Attention all passengers waiting at Gate 17 for flight BA203 to Bangkok. Please proceed immediately to Gate 12 where your plane will be boarding shortly.The correct answer is B.Listening Part 2 Taking down messages, notes, etc. (12 questions)You listen to three phone conversations. For each one, you have a form or message to complete, using the information you hear in the conversation. You hear each conversation only once.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Conversation OneQuestions 11–14●Look at the form below.●You will hear a man calling to place an orderORDER FORMCustomer DetailsName:Ken(11)Company:Greenlight Communications, 201 Hall Road,ManchesterTel:064 313988Fax: (12)Order DetailsItem: (13)。
北京欧维博思软件有限公司笔试题
北京欧维博思软件有限公司笔试题一、基本题：1、请您作一下简洁自我介绍。
2、您来面试前有没有想过整个过程？说说您从前是如何预备应对这场面试的，包括各个阶段。
3、您的缺点或不足是什么？您的优点或特长是什么？4、谈谈你工作中一次失败的经受，谈谈你工作中一次成功的经受。
5、你希望与什么样的上级共事？6、上级下达了错误的`指令，这个指令会造成公司一百多万的损失，你会不会执行？为什么？或者你将怎样处理？7、当与上级看法不一时，你将怎么办？8、你为什么离开原来的单位？9、我们公司什么地方吸引你？10、你以前具体的日常工作是什么？你做的怎么样？11、你对这项工作有哪些可预见的困难？12、没有工作阅历，你如何能胜任这份工作？13、假如公司录用了你，你将怎样开展工作？14、你到我们公司工作的目的是什么？15、你期望的工作环境和工作状态是什么？你希望公司给你什么样的支持？16、你以前的薪酬怎样？你期望什么样的薪酬和待遇？二、实务题：1、王老板口头上同意经销我公司产品，并答应你三天内可以打款进货，但到第四天他还没有打款。
当你打电话或上门访问时，他又以种种缘由推脱说这几天很忙再过几天就打款。
请问你该如何让王老板尽快打款进货？2、张老板是你的新客户，由于尚未建立相互信任度，张老板要求货到后再付款，但公司明文规定经销商必需先打款后发货。
请问你该怎么办？3、你认为张老板信用度比较高，并以自己的工资做担保向公司申请货到付款，但货到后，张老板又对产品挑三捡四，以种种理由要求只付货款的90%给你，剩余的10%作为换货保证金，否则他就让你把这些货拉回公司。
请问你如何让张老板全额付款？4、郭老板很想经销我公司产品，你也认为郭老板是我公司在t 市最合适的经销商，但郭老板向你提出两个要求：第一，要求产品降价;其次，要求公司为其做一块户外广告牌，费用5000元。
公司执行全国统一价，不会为个别市场降价，而且在郭老板尚未给公司制造出利润的前提下不支付5000元广告费。
博思真题：历年博思考试真题
博思真题：历年博思考试真题Listening sectionThe recordings for Part 1 and Part 4 of the Listening section are played twice.The recordings for Part 2 and Part 3 of the Listening section are only played once.Listening Part 1 Understanding short extracts (10 questions)You listen to some short recordings (about 20 seconds long) and try to understand what they are talking about, or who is talking or what they are trying to say in each one.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Part OneQuestions 1–10● You will hear 10 short conversations.● For questions1–10, circle one letterA, BorCfor the correct answer.● You will hear each conversationtwice.1Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?A BCThen you listen to this.InstructionsQuestion 1. Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?Announcement: Attention all passengers waiting at Gate 17 for flight BA203 to Bangkok. Please proceed immediately to Gate 12 where your plane will be boarding shortly.The correct answer is B.Listening Part 2 Taking down messages, notes, etc. (12 questions)You listen to three phone conversations. For each one, you have a form or message to complete, using the information you hear in the conversation. You hear each conversation only once.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Conversation OneQuestions 11–14● Look atQuantity/Amount: (14)Then you listen to this.Instructions:Conversation One, questions 11 to 14.Look at the form below. You will hear a man calling to place an order.Man: I’d like to make an order please.Woman: Certainly, sir. Could you give me your name, please?Man: Yes, it’s Ken Saunders.Woman: How do you spell Saunders, please?Man: S-A-U-N-D-E-R-S. Saunders.Woman: And the name of your company is ...?Man: Greenlight Communications, 201 Hall Road, Manchester.Woman: What was the name of the road again?Man: Hall, H-A-L-L.Woman: And could I take a telephone number and fax number?Man: Telephone 064 313 988, fax 064 318 006.Woman: Thank you very much. Now can I take your order?Man: It’s for some computer desks. They’re model 00519 in your catalogue.Woman: And how many did you want to order?Man: SixWoman: Right. The computer desks are ￡800 each, so that will be a total of ￡4,800 for six, plus ￡50 transportation charges. That makes a total of ￡4,850. As soon as we receive your cheque or bank draft, we’ll despatchthem to you. Delivery usually takes between 2 and 3 weeks.Man: Good. I’ll post it to you today.The correct answers are: 11 Saunders12 064 318 00613 computer desk(s)14 6Listening Part 3 Understandplaced the typewriter and are standard equipment in almost every office. But how safe are they? As more and more people begin using them, there is a degree of controversy about their effects on health. There are some operators who report experiencing a number of symptoms –from relatively minor complaints like headaches and itching skin to more serious back and shoulder problems.The correct answer is C.Reading and Language Knowledge sectionReading Part 1, Section 1 Understanding notices and short extracts (7 questions)You read some common notices or extracts from letters, forms, adverts, lea.ets, etc. You answer one question about each one.Example:. . . See enclosed brochure for details and levels of compensation.AYou should write to us for details about compensation.BDetails about compensation are given in a separate document.CYou will find more information on compensation on the next page.The correct answer is B.Reading Part 1, Section 2 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Each sentence must be completed using only one of the four choices available.Example:● Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.● For questions58–63, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.58My job frequently involves having to work ……………….. intense pressure.AbelowBunderCbeneathDunderneWomen running their own businessAccording to recent research, a third of new companies set up in Britain are run by women. Typical examples are Lisa Simons, who started up her own highly successful clothing shops in London with a loan of ￡15,000 from her bank, and Kate Rogers, who set upCellar Cafésfive years ago andsold out to a major restaurant chain this month, at a profit of ￡3 million.There are many other examples.Surprise, a mail order company selling unusual gifts, had a turnover of $4 million last year. The company was started by Claire Fuller five years ago in a garage, but later moved into premises in the centre of Coventry. Similarly, Nina Taylor started her company,NC Books, in an old warehouse in Bristol.A lawyer by training, she had no previous experience of the retail trade but believes that this worked to her advantage. ‘Having no knowledge of the book trade,’ she says, ‘allowed me to bring fresh ideas into the business.’64One-third of new British businessesAconsist of chain companies.Bare owned or managed by women.Coperate within the food sector.65What does the second paragraph tell us about the company calledSurprise?AThe company delivers its products by post.BThe company has made a profit every year.CThe company operates from a garage.The correct answers are: 64 B, 65 AReading Part 1, Section 4 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)world’s beauty product chains. The daughter of Spanish immigrants, she ...…….(71)….… born and educated in Britain.She opened her first Beauty Boutique in 1976 and it was .........(72)......... popular that she opened five more shops in 3 years. ..........(73).......... then business has developed at an amazing rate, and the chain of Beauty Boutiques ..........(74).......... now expanding all over the world.The correct answers are: 70 the, 71 was, 72 so, 73 Since, 74 areReading Part 2, Section 1 Finding information in short texts (7 questions)You read four short texts, such as adverts, product descriptions, etc. Then you match different sentences with each of those texts.Example:● Read these sentences and the job advertisements on the next page.● Which job does each sentence75–81refer to?● For each sentence, mark one letterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.75You need to have experience of working with newspapers.76You have to be able to use a computer.BExecutive Director The Women’s Environment Network (WEN) is looking for a highly motivated, inspiring woman to lead one of Britain’s most successful environmental campaigning and information organisations.Experience required includes management and organisational skills, media, writing and editing experience and a knowledge of the environment and/or women’s movement. You will need to run campaigns and m questions)This section tests your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. You have a text with .ve words missing.You are given a choice of four words for each gap and you have to choose the best one.Example:● Read this letter about buying a computer.● Choose the best word to fill each space from the words below.● For each question82–86, markoneletterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.1 AprilDear Mr WhiteRe: Supply of XR6 WorkstationsI have pleasure in confirming our ability to meet your requirements for the Silicon Graphics workstation. In view of your special needs, I suggest that you place your order for the agreed equipment as soon as possible. The ........(82)........time for hardware for example is 6 weeks from receipt of order to ........(83)........ . Thus, an order placed with us tomorrow will ........(84)........ delivery to your site by the week commencing Monday, 15th May. All orders must be accompanied by a ........(85)........ of 20% of the total amount shown on the attached ........(86)........ .Yours sincerelyVincent LawSales Manager82AdeliveryBarrivalCtransportDpostage83AinstitutionBinitiationCintroductionDinstallation84AcompelBensureCpromiseDmaintain85AportionBcostCdepositDdiscount86AchequeBquotationCchargeDdemandThe correct answers are: 82 A, 83 D, 84 B, 85C, 86BReading Part 2, Section 3 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)You have a text with .ve words missing. You have to think of a.… 1960s, John was working in America, selling British sports cars. It was hard work but …….….(88)….…….. he was there, he saw a magazine with pictures of cars for sale. The magazine was regional and anyone ….…….(89)…….……. advertise their car in it for a relatively small fee. What impressed John most was that ……….…(90)….……. single advertisement had a picture of the car, unlike normal newspaper adverts, which just provided a written description.Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….……… seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:● Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.● For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the above reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:● Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.● For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellin Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….……… seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:● Choose the word or phrase which best completes e ach sentence.● For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the ab ove reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:● Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.● For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellinBut good careers advisors need to look at other factors when giving advice. For example, career counselling is flawed if it fails to allow for the possibility of people adapting to, and changing, their jobs once they are in them. Most organisations attempt through various explicit (induction, mentoring, training, appraisal) and implicit (reliance on observation) techniques to mould behaviour into an acceptable pattern. This means that attitudes and even aptitudes of employees may be changed over the first year of employment, sometimes, but not always, in the direction desired by the organisation. Thus what was a ‘fit’ may easily and quickly develop into a misfit and vice versa.Individuals also change their jobs without leaving them. They rearrange furniture, use space and technology differently and personalise different aspects of the job. They can negotiate with colleagues, earn special privileges and use other means to improve their role and output. In this sense, very soon they are doing the job differently from their predecessors, and possibly from the way recommended by the company. However, both adaptation of personal workstyle and attempts to change the way of doing the job are more likely to lead to a higher level of "it" because the changes are usually all attempts to increase "it"98What does the writer say about careers advice in the first paragraph?AThose receiving it have sometimes disagreed with it.BIt hasDMany are unclear about what to expect from employees.The correct answers are: 98 C, 99 AReading Part 2, Section 6 Correcting errors in a text (7 questions)You have a text with at least seven lines. Some lines have errors in them. You have to say which lines have errors and then correct them.Example:● Your secretary has given you this letter for checking.● In some lines there is one wrong word.● If there is a wrong word, write the correct word on your Answer Sheet.● If there is no mi stake, put a tick (.) on your Answer SheetExample:0 üOne of the items you ordered from our catalogue00 temporarilyis temporary out of stockDear Mr. RoseIt was a pleasure to meet you the other day. I was very grateful104that you were able to find some times in your busy schedule to visit us. 105I thought it should be helpful if I had put on paper some of the points we 106agreed on at our meeting and indicated some with the action points. The correct answers are: 104 time, 105 would, 106 v.。
2012年博思BULATS)考试样题
2012年博思BULATS)考试样题Listening sectionThe recordings for Part 1 and Part 4 of the Listening section are played twice.The recordings for Part 2 and Part 3 of the Listening section are only played once.Listening Part 1 Understanding short extracts (10 questions)You listen to some short recordings (about 20 seconds long) and try to understand what they are talking about, or who is talking or what they are trying to say in each one.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Part OneQuestions 1–10●You will hear 10 short conversations.●For questions1–10, circle one letterA, BorCfor the correct answer.●You will hear each conversationtwice.1Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?A BCThen you listen to this.InstructionsQuestion 1. Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?Announcement: Attention all passengers waiting at Gate 17 for flight BA203 to Bangkok. Please proceed immediately to Gate 12 where your plane will be boarding shortly.The correct answer is B.Listening Part 2 Taking down messages, notes, etc. (12 questions)You listen to three phone conversations. For each one, you have a form or message to complete, using the information you hear in the conversation. You hear each conversation only once.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Conversation OneQuestions 11–14●Look atQuantity/Amount: (14)Then you listen to this.Instructions:Conversation One, questions 11 to 14.Look at the form below. You will hear a man calling toplace an order.Man: I’d like to make an order please.Woman: Certainly, sir. Could you give me your name, please?Man: Yes, it’s Ken Saunders.Woman: How do you spell Saunders, please?Man: S-A-U-N-D-E-R-S. Saunders.Woman: And the name of your company is ...?Man: Greenlight Communications, 201 Hall Road, Manchester.Woman: What was the name of the road again?Man: Hall, H-A-L-L.Woman: And could I take a telephone number and fax number?Man: Telephone 064 313 988, fax 064 318 006.Woman: Thank you very much. Now can I take your order?Man: It’s for some computer desks. They’re model 00519 in your catalogue.Woman: And how many did you want to order?Man: SixWoman: Right. The computer desks are 800 each, so thatwill be a total of 4,800 for six, plus 50 transportation charges. That makes a total of 4,850. As soon as we receive your cheque or bank draft, we’ll despatchthem to you. Delivery usually takes between 2 and 3 weeks.Man: Good. I’ll post it to you today.The correct answers are: 11 Saunders12 064 318 00613 computer desk(s)14 6Listening Part 3 Understandplaced the typewriter and are standard equipment in almost every office. But how safe are they? As more and more people begin using them, there is a degree of controversy about their effects on health. There are some operators who report experiencing a number of symptoms –from relatively minor complaints like headaches and itching skin to more serious back and shoulder problems.The correct answer is C.Reading and Language Knowledge sectionReading Part 1, Section 1 Understanding notices and short extracts (7 questions)You read some common notices or extracts from letters, forms, adverts, lea.ets, etc. You answer one question about each one.Example:. . . See enclosed brochure for details and levels of compensation.AYou should write to us for details about compensation.BDetails about compensation are given in a separate document.CYou will find more information on compensation on the next page.The correct answer is B.Reading Part 1, Section 2 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Each sentence must be completed using only one of the four choices available.Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions58–63, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.58My job frequently involves having to work ………………..intense pressure.AbelowBunderCbeneathDunderneWomen running their own businessAccording to recent research, a third of new companies set up in Britain are run by women. Typical examples are Lisa Simons, who started up her own highly successful clothing shops in London with a loan of 15,000 from her bank, and Kate Rogers, who set upCellar Cafésfive years ago and sold out to a major restaurant chain this month, at a profit of 3 million.There are many other examples.Surprise, a mail order company selling unusual gifts, had a turnover of $4 million last year. The company was started by Claire Fuller five years ago in a garage, but later moved into premises in the centre of Coventry. Similarly, Nina Taylor started her company,NC Books, in an old warehouse in Bristol. A lawyer by training, she had no previous experience of the retail trade but believes that this worked to her advantage. ‘Having no knowledge of the book trade,’she says, ‘allowed me to bring fresh ideas into the business.’64One-third of new British businessesAconsist of chain companies.Bare owned or managed by women.Coperate within the food sector.65What does the second paragraph tell us about the company calledSurprise?AThe company delivers its products by post.BThe company has made a profit every year.CThe company operates from a garage.The correct answers are: 64 B, 65 AReading Part 1, Section 4 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)world’s beauty product chains. The daughter of Spanish immigrants, she ...…….(71)….…born and educated in Britain.She opened her first Beauty Boutique in 1976 and it was .........(72)......... popular that she opened five more shops in 3 years. ..........(73).......... then business has developed at an amazing rate, and the chain of Beauty Boutiques ..........(74).......... now expanding all over the world.The correct answers are: 70 the, 71 was, 72 so, 73 Since, 74 areReading Part 2, Section 1 Finding information in shorttexts (7 questions)You read four short texts, such as adverts, product descriptions, etc. Then you match different sentences with each of those texts.Example:●Read these sentences and the job advertisements on the next page.●Which job does each sentence75–81refer to?●For each sentence, mark one letterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.75You need to have experience of working with newspapers.76You have to be able to use a computer.BExecutive DirectorThe Women’s Environment Network (WEN) is looking for a highly motivated, inspiring woman to lead one of Britain’s most successful environmental campaigning and information organisations.Experience required includes management and organisational skills, media, writing and editing experience and a knowledge of the environment and/or women’s movement. You will need to run campaigns and m questions)This section tests your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. You have a text with .ve words missing.You are given a choice of four words for each gap and you have to choose the best one.Example:●Read this letter about buying a computer.●Choose the best word to fill each space from the words below.●For each question82–86, markoneletterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.1 AprilDear Mr WhiteRe: Supply of XR6 WorkstationsI have pleasure in confirming our ability to meet your requirements for the Silicon Graphics workstation. In view of your special needs, I suggest that you place your order for the agreed equipment as soon as possible. The ........(82)........time for hardware for example is 6 weeks from receipt of order to ........(83)........ . Thus, an order placed with us tomorrow will ........(84)........ delivery to your site by the week commencing Monday, 15th May. All orders must be accompanied by a ........(85)........ of 20% of the total amount shown on theattached ........(86)........ .Yours sincerelyVincent LawSales Manager82AdeliveryBarrivalCtransportDpostage83AinstitutionBinitiationCintroductionDinstallation84AcompelBensureCpromiseDmaintain85AportionBcostCdepositDdiscount86AchequeBquotationCchargeDdemandThe correct answers are: 82 A, 83 D, 84 B, 85C, 86BReading Part 2, Section 3 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)You have a text with .ve words missing. You have to think of a.…1960s, John was working in America, selling British sports cars. It was hard work but …….….(88)….…….. he was there, he saw a magazine with pictures of cars for sale. The magazine was regional and anyone ….…….(89)…….……. advertise their car in it for a relatively small fee. What impressed John most was that ……….…(90)….……. single advertisement had a picture of the car, unlike normal newspaper adverts, which just provided a written description.Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….………seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the above reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:●Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.●For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellin Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….………seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the above reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:●Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.●For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellinBut good careers advisors need to look at other factors when giving advice. For example, career counselling is flawed if it fails to allow for the possibility of people adapting to, and changing, their jobs once they are in them. Most organisations attempt through various explicit (induction, mentoring, training, appraisal) and implicit (reliance on observation) techniques to mould behaviour into an acceptable pattern. This means that attitudes and even aptitudes of employees may be changed over the first year of employment, sometimes,but not always, in the direction desiredby the organisation. Thus what was a ‘fit’may easily and quickly develop into a misfit and vice versa.Individuals also change their jobs without leaving them. They rearrange furniture, use space and technology differently and personalise different aspects of the job. They can negotiate with colleagues, earn special privileges and use other means to improve their role and output. In this sense, very soon they are doing the job differently from their predecessors, and possibly from the way recommended by the company. However, both adaptation of personal workstyle and attempts to change the way of doing the job are more likely to lead to a higher level of "it" because thechanges are usually all attempts to increase "it"98What does the writer say about careers advice in the first paragraph?AThose receiving it have sometimes disagreed with it.BIt hasDMany are unclear about what to expect from employees.The correct answers are: 98 C, 99 AReading Part 2, Section 6 Correcting errors in a text (7questions)You have a text with at least seven lines. Some lines have errors in them. You have to say which lines have errors and then correct them.Example:●Your secretary has given you this letter for checking.●In some lines there is one wrong word.●If there is a wrong word, write the correct word on your Answer Sheet.●If there is no mistake, put a tick (.) on your Answer SheetExample:0 üOne of the items you ordered from our catalogue00 temporarilyis temporary out of stockDear Mr. RoseIt was a pleasure to meet you the other day. I was very grateful104that you were able to find some times in your busy schedule to visit us.105I thought it should be helpful if I had put on paper some of the points we106agreed on at our meeting and indicated some with the action points.The correct answers are: 104 time, 105 would, 106 v.。
辽宁省大连市博思中学2020-2021学年高二政治上学期期末试题含解析
辽宁省大连市博思中学2020-2021学年高二政治上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题（共28小题，每小题2分，共56分。
在每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的）1. 欧元区永久性救助基金——欧洲稳定机制（ESM）在2012年10月全面启动。
它是由欧元区国家根据国际公法而成立的机构，将向融资困难、需要帮助的欧元区国家和银行提供资金支持。
下列对ESM说法正确的是①是政府间、区域性、专门性的国际组织②将有力地推动欧洲经济财政一体化进程③能帮助欧洲各国迅速走出债务危机④是欧元区国家基于各自利益的产物A．①③ B．②③ C．①② D．①④参考答案：C2. 右侧漫画《我有一筐的愿望，却只“等”到一颗流星》启示我们A．想问题要一切以时间、地点、条件为转移B．发挥主观能动性应以尊重客观规律为基础C．要立足实际做出正确价值判断和价值选择D．劳动是促进人的自由全面发展的重要手段参考答案：D【ks5u解析】画《我有一筐的愿望，却只“等”到一颗流星》，说的是自己主观不努力，只想依靠对着流星许个愿就能实现愿望，启示我们实现人生价值只靠机会是不行的，需要的是充分发挥主观能动性，通过劳动来实现。
3. 辛亥革命100年来的历史表明，实现中华民族发展进步，不仅需要安定团结的国内环境，而且需要和平的国际环境。
这说明A.实践是认识的来源B.实践是认识发展的根本动力C.实践是认识的目的和归宿D.实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准参考答案：D4. 哲学史上存在着唯物主义和唯心主义、辩证法和形而上学“两个对子”。
下列选项中与上述“两个对子”相对应的是（）①指鹿为马乐极生悲②形谢神灭理生万物③盲人摸象削足适履④沧海桑田断章取义A．①③ B．③④ C．①② D．②④参考答案：D5. 小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》是中国民族音乐与西洋音乐完美结合的典范，50年来一直受到不同文化背景的人们的喜爱。
创作者洋为中用，扬长避短，充分展示了音乐的无穷魅力。
《梁祝》的成功表明（）①艺术创新必须是引进与输出的统一②艺术创新是一个“扬弃”的过程③艺术创新必须是全新的④艺术创新离不开辩证思维。
博思考试全真模拟试题
博思考试全真模拟试题一、听力理解（共30分）1. 根据所听内容，选择正确的答案。
（每题2分，共10分）A. 男人计划去图书馆。
B. 男人计划去电影院。
C. 男人计划去公园。
[听力材料] 男人说：“我今天计划去图书馆借几本书。
”正确答案：A2. 根据对话，推断以下哪个选项是正确的。
（每题2分，共10分）A. 他们正在讨论一个项目。
B. 他们正在讨论一个旅行计划。
C. 他们正在讨论一个聚会。
[听力材料] 女人说：“我们需要确定每个人的任务。
” 男人回答：“是的，这样我们才能按时完成项目。
”正确答案：A3. 根据所听内容，选择最合适的总结。
（每题2分，共10分）A. 学生们对新课程感到兴奋。
B. 学生们对新课程感到困惑。
C. 学生们对新课程感到失望。
[听力材料] 老师说：“新课程将包括更多的实践活动，我相信你们会喜欢的。
” 学生们纷纷表示期待。
正确答案：A二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 阅读以下短文，回答后面的问题。
（每题4分，共20分）短文内容：[此处应有一篇短文，描述一个具体事件或现象，例如：一个科学发现、历史事件、社会现象等。
]问题：(1) 短文中提到的主要事件是什么？(2) 作者对这个事件的看法是什么？(3) 短文中提到的人物是谁？(4) 这个事件对当前社会有何影响？2. 阅读以下图表，并根据图表信息回答问题。
（每题5分，共20分）图表内容：[此处应有一个图表，例如：统计数据图、流程图、组织结构图等。
]问题：(1) 图表中展示的是哪种类型的数据？(2) 根据图表，哪种选项或项目是最多的？(3) 图表中的趋势是什么？(4) 如果需要改进，你建议从哪个方面入手？三、完形填空（共15分）阅读下面的短文，从括号内所给的选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。
（每题1.5分，共15分）[短文内容] 短文讲述了一个关于团队合作的故事，强调了团队成员之间的相互理解和支持的重要性。
例如：In order to achieve our goal, every team member had towork closely together. No one could do it __________.A) aloneB) togetherC) separately正确答案：A四、写作（共15分）根据以下提示，写一篇不少于200字的短文。
固安博思学校考试试卷
固安博思学校考试试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球是平的B. 太阳是银河系的中心C. 光速是宇宙中最快的速度D. 月球是地球的卫星2. 以下哪项不属于四大发明？A. 造纸术B. 印刷术C. 指南针D. 望远镜3. 根据化学周期表，下列元素中哪一个是金属？A. 碳B. 氧C. 钠D. 硫4. 以下哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国？A. 德国B. 巴西C. 中国D. 印度5. 以下哪种植物属于被子植物？A. 松树B. 蕨类C. 苔藓D. 玫瑰6. 以下哪个历史事件标志着第二次世界大战的结束？A. 珍珠港事件B. 诺曼底登陆C. 柏林墙倒塌D. 日本投降7. 以下哪个数学公式表示圆的面积？A. A = πr²B. A = 2πrC. A = πrD. A = 4πr²8. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 所有偶数都可以被4整除B. 所有奇数都可以被2整除C. 所有整数都可以被1整除D. 所有质数都是偶数9. 以下哪个国家是G20成员国？A. 挪威B. 瑞士C. 韩国D. 墨西哥10. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球自转的方向是自东向西B. 地球公转的周期是一年C. 地球的自转轴与公转轨道面垂直D. 地球的自转周期是24小时二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 牛顿的三大定律中，描述力和加速度关系的是第______定律。
2. 光年是天文学中用来表示______的单位。
3. 人体最大的器官是______。
4. 元素周期表中，原子序数为1的元素是______。
5. 国际象棋中，马的移动方式被称为“______”。
6. 计算机的二进制系统中，只有两个数字，分别是0和______。
7. 地球上最深的海沟是______。
8. 世界上最大的哺乳动物是______。
9. 计算机编程中，用于循环的语句是for和______。
10. 世界上最长的河流是______。