Review - Presentation Analysis Questions
高一年级英语 U2 Exploring English 实践指导课
Tencourages Ss tocarry out a project toidentify mistranslations in Shenzhenin groups,take photos,correct them andmake a presentation.
TeachingPlan
Date
Name
Unit
Unit 2, Book 1
Title
Exploring English
Class, GradeSchool
Type
Presenting ideas,Reflection&Project
Objectives:By the end of the lesson, thestudentswill …
Ss will consolidate the differences between American English and British English and internalize linguistic and cultural knowledge.
reviewing and consolidating
在陈述部分，学生思考有创意的英语学习方法，选出最有创意的英语学习方法，解释原因并对其进行阐述。
在反思部分，学生对本单元学习行为和效果做出评估和分析。
在项目式学习部分，学生识别并收集公共场所的英文误译实例，分析误译类别并提出修改建议。
【Why】激发英语学习兴趣，提高理解表达能力，促进语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力综合提升。
【How】基于单元整体教学设计，复习单元重点内容，使用问题链设计，深化主题意义的理解与挖掘；创造性地提出英语学习的新方法，促进学生复习和掌握所学内容，并在真实的情境下综合运用，内化单元主题，发展学生思维品质，实现学习的迁移与创新；评价和分析学习行为和效果，对自己的优缺点和得失做出反思，优化学习方法并调整学习策略；项目式学习综合运用本单元所学内容，开展自主学习、合作学习和探究式学习，进一步发掘探索单元主题语境，体会语言差异性，提高综合语言运用能力，养成严谨的学习态度和良好学习习惯，培养跨文化交际意识。
论文评语英文版
The conclusion succinctly summarizes the key findings and reiterates the importance of the research. It effectively highlights the contributions of the study and provides recommendations for future research and policy-making.
nce list is comprehensive and accurately cited throughout the paper. The use of current and relevant sources strengthens the validity and reliability of the study.
II. Literature Review
The literature review is well-structured and critically evaluates previous research on the topic. The author effectively integrates various sources to support the arguments and provides a clear justification for the current study.
III. Methodology
The methodology section is detailed and provides a clear explanation of the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques. However, it would be beneficialto provide more information on potential limitations and how they were addressed.
博士 presentation模板-概述说明以及解释
博士presentation模板-范文模板及概述示例1:Title: Doctoral Presentation TemplateIntroduction:Presenting your doctoral research is a crucial step in the completion of your studies. A well-designed presentation template can help you effectively communicate your findings and research to your audience. In this article, we will discuss the key features of a doctoral presentation template and provide tips on how to create a professional and engaging presentation.Key Features of a Doctoral Presentation Template:1. Title Slide: The first slide of your presentation should include the title of your research project, your name, and the date of the presentation.2. Agenda Slide: A slide outlining the key sections or topics thatwill be covered in your presentation can help keep your audience engaged and informed.3. Introduction Slide: Use this slide to provide background information on your research topic and clearly state your research question and objectives.4. Methodology Slide: Present a summary of the research methods and techniques you used in your study, including any data collection and analysis methods.5. Results Slide: Highlight the key findings of your research and present any data or statistics that support your conclusions.6. Discussion Slide: Use this slide to interpret your results, discuss the implications of your findings, and address any limitations or challenges you encountered during your research.7. Conclusion Slide: Summarize your key findings and provide a clear takeaway message for your audience.8. Future Research Slide: Share any future research directions oropportunities for further study in your field.Tips for Creating a Professional Presentation:1. Use a clean and consistent design for your slides, incorporating charts, graphs, and visuals to enhance your presentation.2. Practice your presentation multiple times to ensure smooth delivery and familiarity with your content.3. Engage your audience by maintaining eye contact, speaking clearly and confidently, and allowing time for questions and discussion.4. Keep your presentation focused and concise, avoiding unnecessary jargon or technical language that may be confusing to your audience.5. End your presentation with a strong conclusion that summarizes your key points and leaves a lasting impression on your audience.By following these tips and incorporating the key features of a doctoral presentation template, you can create a professional and engaging presentation that effectively communicates your research findings and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in your field. Good luck with your presentation!示例2:博士presentation是博士生在进行学术演讲时使用的模板，用来展示他们的研究成果和思想。
research presentation汇报模板
research presentation汇报模板Title: [Your Research Title]IntroductionBackground: Provide a brief overview of the research topic and why it is important.Problem Statement: Identify the specific problem or question your research aims to address.Research Objective: State the specific objective or hypothesis of your research.Literature ReviewSummarize relevant research in the field that has preceded your study.Identify key theories, models, or methods that inform your research.Discuss how your research builds upon or challenges existing literature.MethodsDescribe your research design, including thepopulation/sample, the method of data collection, and the measures you used.Explain the procedures you followed in data analysis, including the specific statistical or qualitative methods youemployed.ResultsPresent your findings, including key results, trends, or patterns that emerged from your data analysis.Use tables, figures, or other visual aids to illustrate your results.Discuss the significance of your results in relation to your research objective.DiscussionInterpret your results, considering possible explanations for findings and their implications for theory or practice.Discuss the limitations of your research and identify areas for future research.ConclusionSummarize the main findings and their implications for the field.Provide a final reflection on the overall contribution of your research.ReferencesCite all sources used in your presentation, following the appropriate referencing style (e.g., APA, MLA).Remember to practice delivering your presentationbeforehand to ensure it flows smoothly and is well-paced. Good luck with your research presentation!。
英语作文影评讲解ppt
英语作文影评讲解ppt全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Analysis of a Film Review PowerPoint PresentationIntroductionIn this PowerPoint presentation, we will analyze a film review and discuss its key elements. Film reviews are critical evaluations of movies that help audiences decide whether or not to watch a particular film. They typically include information about the plot, performances, direction, cinematography, and overall impact of the film. By examining a film review in detail, we can gain insight into the art of film criticism and learn how to write our own reviews.Slide 1: Title SlideThe title slide should include the name of the film, the date of the review, and the name of the reviewer. It should also feature an image from the film or a related image to grab the audience's attention.Slide 2: IntroductionThe introduction of the film review should provide background information about the film, its genre, director, and major stars. The reviewer should also mention any preconceived notions they had about the film before watching it.Slide 3: Plot SummaryA plot summary should briefly outline the main events of the film without giving away any major spoilers. The reviewer should describe the setting, characters, and basic conflict of the story.Slide 4: PerformancesIn this section, the reviewer should discuss the performances of the actors in the film. They should evaluate the performances based on the actors' ability to convey their characters' emotions, motivations, and relationships.Slide 5: DirectionThe direction of a film refers to the choices made by the director in terms of framing, pacing, editing, and visual style. The reviewer should analyze how the director's choices contribute to the overall impact of the film.Slide 6: CinematographyCinematography refers to the art of capturing images on film. The reviewer should evaluate the cinematography of the film based on factors such as lighting, composition, camera movement, and visual effects.Slide 7: Sound DesignSound design plays a crucial role in creating the mood and atmosphere of a film. The reviewer should discuss the use of sound effects, music, and dialogue in enhancing the emotional impact of the film.Slide 8: ThemesThemes are the underlying messages or ideas that are explored in a film. The reviewer should identify and analyze the major themes of the film, such as love, friendship, betrayal, or redemption.Slide 9: Overall ImpactIn the final section of the review, the reviewer should provide their overall assessment of the film. They should discuss whether the film was successful in achieving its goals and whether it is worth watching.Slide 10: ConclusionIn the conclusion of the PowerPoint presentation, the reviewer should summarize their key points and offer a final recommendation to the audience. They should also invite questions and feedback from the viewers.ConclusionAnalyzing a film review through a PowerPoint presentation can help us understand the elements that make a good review. By studying the structure, content, and presentation of a film review, we can learn how to critically evaluate movies and communicate our opinions effectively.篇2Title: Explanation of English Essay Film Review PowerPointIntroductionIn today's digital age, presentations have become an essential tool for conveying information and ideas in a clear and concise manner. One popular format for presenting reviews of movies or films is through PowerPoint presentations. This article aims to provide a detailed explanation of how to create a compelling and informative PowerPoint presentation for an English essay film review.Slide 1: IntroductionThe first slide should introduce the title of the movie and the main idea of the review. Include a catchy title that grabs the audience's attention and provides a preview of what to expect in the presentation.Slide 2: Plot SummaryProvide a brief overview of the plot of the movie, including key events and characters. Summarize the main storyline in a concise and engaging manner to give the audience a clear idea of what the movie is about.Slide 3: CharactersIntroduce the main characters of the movie and provide a brief description of their roles and relationships. Include images of the characters to make the presentation more visually appealing and help the audience connect with the story.Slide 4: ThemesDiscuss the central themes and messages of the movie, such as love, friendship, redemption, or forgiveness. Analyze how these themes are portrayed in the film and their significance to the overall story.Slide 5: CinematographyExamine the visual aspects of the movie, including the camera work, lighting, and set design. Discuss how these elements contribute to the mood and atmosphere of the film and enhance the storytelling experience.Slide 6: SoundtrackExplore the music and sound effects used in the movie and their impact on the audience. Discuss how the soundtrack enhances emotional scenes, builds tension, or creates a sense of nostalgia.Slide 7: Critical AnalysisOffer a critical evaluation of the movie, discussing its strengths and weaknesses. Compare the film to other similar works and provide your personal opinion on its overall quality and impact.Slide 8: ConclusionSummarize the key points of the review and leave the audience with a final thought or reflection on the movie. Encourage viewers to watch the film themselves and form their own opinions.Slide 9: ReferencesInclude a list of sources and references used in the presentation, such as film reviews, articles, or interviews. Provide citations to give credit to the original creators and allow viewers to learn more about the movie.ConclusionCreating an English essay film review PowerPoint presentation requires careful planning and organization to effectively convey your thoughts and analysis of the film. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can create a compelling and informative presentation that engages your audience and leaves a lasting impression.篇3Title: English Essay: Film Review PowerPoint Presentation ExplanationIntroduction:Film reviews are an important aspect of critiquing and analyzing movies. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of creating a PowerPoint presentation to explain a film review in English. We will go through the key elements that should beincluded in the presentation and how to effectively convey the main points of the review to an audience.Main Body:1. Title Slide:The title slide should include the title of the film, the date of release, and the names of the director and main actors. This slide sets the tone for the presentation and captures the audience's attention.2. Plot Summary:The next slide should provide a brief overview of the plot of the film. This should include the main events and conflicts that drive the story forward. It is important to present this information in a clear and concise manner to give the audience a basic understanding of the film.3. Characters:In the following slides, introduce the main characters of the film and provide a brief description of each one. Include information about their backgrounds, motivations, and relationships with other characters. This will help the audience understand the dynamics between the characters and how they contribute to the overall story.4. Themes:Discuss the main themes of the film in the next few slides. This could include topics such as love, betrayal, redemption, or sacrifice. Explain how these themes are developed throughout the film through the characters, dialogue, and plot. Analyze how the themes contribute to the overall message of the movie.5. Visuals and Cinematography:Include slides that showcase the visual elements of the film, such as set design, costumes, and cinematography. Discuss how these elements enhance the storytelling and create a visually pleasing experience for the audience. Use stills from the film to illustrate your points and make the presentation more engaging.6. Sound and Music:Talk about the soundtrack and sound effects used in the film on the next slides. Explain how the music contributes to the mood and atmosphere of the scenes and enhances the emotional impact of the story. Discuss any notable sound design choices that stood out to you as a viewer.7. Critical Analysis:In the final slides, give your critical analysis of the film. Discuss what you liked and disliked about the movie, andprovide reasons to support your opinions. Include quotes from professional critics or audience reviews to give a well-rounded perspective on the film. End the presentation with your overall rating of the movie.Conclusion:Creating a PowerPoint presentation to explain a film review in English is a powerful way to convey your thoughts and insights on a movie. By following the key elements outlined in this essay, you can effectively communicate the main points of your review to an audience and engage them in a meaningful discussion about the film.。
技术合同专家评审的答辩流程
技术合同专家评审的答辩流程As a technology contract expert, the defense process is an important part of the overall evaluation. It provides an opportunity for the expert to present and clarify their findings, answer questions, and address any concerns raised by the evaluation committee. The defense process typically involves a presentation by the expert, followed by a question and answer session, and sometimes a debate or discussion of key points.作为技术合同专家，答辩流程是整个评审的重要组成部分。
它为专家提供了一个机会，可以展示和阐明他们的发现，回答问题，解决评审委员会提出的任何疑虑。
答辩过程通常包括专家的演讲，随后是问答环节，有时还会进行关键观点的辩论或讨论。
During the presentation, the expert can outline their methodology, findings, and conclusions, highlighting the strengths of their analysis and any unique insights they have gained. This is an opportunity for the expert to showcase their expertise and demonstrate their understanding of the specific technological issues involved in the contract under review. They can also address any potentiallimitations or challenges they encountered during the evaluation process, and explain how these were overcome.在演讲过程中，专家可以概述他们的方法论、发现和结论，强调他们分析的优势以及他们获得的任何独特见解。
医学论文写作五大要素
In tro d u c tio n
引言是医学论文的第一部分，用于引起读者的注意并提供研究背景。
Research Objective
研究目标应明确指出研究的目的和预期结果。
Literature Review
文献综述是对已有研究的概述和分析，用于支持研究的背景和重要性。
Research M ethodolog y
医学论文写作五大要素
医学论文写作五大要素：1. Introduction 2. Research objective 3. Literature review 4. Research methodology 5. Results and analysis 6. Discussion 7. Conclusion 8. References 9. Title 10. Abstract 11. Keywords 12. Research Question 13. Hypothesis 14. Research Variables 15. Sampling Method 16. Data Collection 17. Data Analysis 18. Ethics and Informed Consent 19. Peer-Review 20. Funding 21. Acknowledgements 22. Limitations 23. Recommendations for Future Research 24. Formatting and Style Guidelines 25. Presentation and Delivery Tips.
研究方法论描述了实施研究所采用的方法和步骤。
Results and Analysis
结果和分析部分呈现了研究的实际结果，并对这些结果进行详细解读和分析。
做英文presentation的常用语资料
Chapter I Beginning the Speech T extI. Opening Remarks开场：Sample Opening Remarks1) Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction. Mr. Chairman, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium.Honor: 荣誉，敬意Symposium:专题讨论会，座谈会Session: 会议，会期，一段时间2) Ladies and gentleman. It It’’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.Address:演讲，演说Distinguished: 卓越的，著名的3) Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background.4) Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for your kind introduction. President, Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning! Is my voice loud enough?5) Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about……you aboutAppreciate:感激，欣赏6) Good morning, everyone. I am very happy to have this chance to give my presentation. Before I start my speech, let me ask you a question. By a show of hands, how many of you own a car?A show of hands:举手表决Expressing thanks to the Chairperson 向主持人致谢Mr. Chairman, thank you for your introduction.First, I would like to thank Mr. Chairman for his gracious introduction.Gracious:亲切的，有礼貌的Thank you very much, Prof. Fawcett, for your very kind introduction.I would like to thank Dr. Huang （主持人或推荐你来发言的上司）for permitting me the privilege to speak to this audience.Permit：允许，许可Privilege：特权Forms of Address and Greetings对听众的称呼Distinguished colleagues, Ladies and gentleman, Good morning!Members of the conference!Expressing Pleasure and Honor 向听众致意I am very happy/glad/pleased to be here in Hong Kong.I am honored/privileged to be here (with you this afternoon).I am proud to be here on this special occasion.Occasion：场合，机会It It’’s a very great pleasure for me to be able to attend this conference.I consider it a great honor to be asked to speak about …on this session of our symposium/ at this conference..It is a great pleasure to be given the honor of first speaker on this important topic.Others 细节，如确认话筒音量Can you hear me all right?Is my voice too loud?Reference to the Audience 与听众呼应I can see many of you are from ……department.I can see many of you are fromI know many of you are familiar with this topic.ou all look as though you’’ve heard this before.Y ou all look as though youI understand that you’’ve all traveled a long way./ After hours of conference, you must feel a little I understand that youtired. Now I’’d like you to see an interesting topic…tired. Now III. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题Background InformationI would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of …Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.Theoretical:理论的，假设的To begin with, we have to consider the principle.Principle:原则，准则I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.Start out:开始Slide:幻灯片I should like to preface my remarks with a description of the basic idea.Preface:作为……的开端，引语May I begin with a general outline of this project?First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.Feasible:可行的T opicI would like to concentrate on the problem of …….I shall devote my talk to the …….Devote……to:把……专用于，致力于I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in …….Confine to:限于……之内Today, I am going to give a talk on …….My topic today will deal with …….In my presentation this morning, I' 11 limit myself to three major points only.Now, I would like to address myself to the most important aspect of this problem..Outlining 大纲My talk today consists of two parts. One is... and the other is...Consist of:由……组成I've divided my presentation into four parts.Divide into:分成I shall first talk about ... and then touch on... and finally discuss ... Touch on:涉及，与……有关I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...Concern ：涉及My presentation will be given in four parts. The first part deals with ... The second part relates to... The third part concerns ... And the last part discusses …Purpose/Objective 目的The purpose of this presentation is to...Th This talk is designed to…is talk is designed to…Be designed to: 旨在……旨在……Comprehensive Samples 例子Sample 1Thank you, Mr. Chairperson, Mr. Director-General, distinguished members of the ILO's Governing Body and friends. I welcome this opportunity to be here today, with an Organization which in many ways belongs to all of us workers. I can think of, in fact, no other international body that one can claim as one's own so unambiguously.I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO. Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important Symposium.The canvas of the Symposium is very large. I will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they deserve. First, the gender gap in command over property and Productive assets and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.Expressions on Other Occasions 其他情况Correcting the Title of the Presentation 修改演讲标题First of all, I would like to mention that the title of my presentation should be ... Please allow me to correct a mistake in the title of my speech which appeared in the program. Instead of... it should read...Reading. Another Person's Paper 宣读别人的报告Sometimes you are selected to read another person's paper, as he or she is absent.I shall read a paper by Dr. Li from Guangzhou, china, who regrets that he c ould not be here. The title of his paper is...I'm going to read the paper by Dr. Wang. It's a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.I was asked by the author to read his paper. He apologizes for not being able to come here.The next speaker, Prof. Zhang, regrets that she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me. I am not sure if I can present it as well as she expected. I am not sure whether I' 11 be able to be very confident in answering specific questions. However, I am somewhat familiar with his work, so I' 11 try my best.Checking the MicrophoneFirst I want to check if all of you can hear me clearly.Am I speaking clearly and loudly enough for those in the rear of the room?Rear:后面If those in the rear of the room can hear me, would someone please raise his hand?Can you hear me clearly?Can you hear me if I am away from the microphone?Is the microphone working?Chapter II Developing the Speech TextI. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech TextextI. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech TTo begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’11 use in my presentation.II. Shifting to the Next Main PointWell, let's move on to the next point.We will now come to the second problem.Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation. Switch over:转换，变换That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.That brings me to my second point.III. Resuming the T opicLet' s come back to what I said in the first part of my speech.I want to return to the first part of my presentation.This brings me back to the question of security.At this point I would like to refer again to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture. Refer to:查阅，有关Referring again to the first question, I think...I'll deal with it later.I'll touch upon that point in a moment.IV. Introducing the Supporting MaterialsI think this part is the most difficult, so I'll explain it in greater detail.I think this part of my paper is most important, so I plan to spend more time on it.Please allow me to deal with this matter more extensively.Being the most important part of my presentation, I will elaborate on it with more slides. Elaborate:详尽阐述Indicating the Points BrieflyLimited by the time available, I can only give you a very brief account of this matter.Account:解释，说明This point has been talked about repeatedly in this symposium, so I am not going to spend too much time on it.Let's go through the following points very rapidly.I shall not go over all these explanations. My time is running short. So I'’11 be brief.V. Repairing a Slip of T one 口误May I have the lights, I mean the slides.The temperature increased, I shall say decreased.The population is 13 million, sorry, 31 million.The exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8, I beg your pardon, 1.9.VI. Expressions Concerning Audio-Visual Aids 有关视听设备的表达Could we have the lights off? And the first slide, please.Lights off, first slide, please.Dim the lights, and first slide, please.The slide is not so clear. Please darken the room a little more.Could you please turn on the lights, please?Now, we can have the lights on.Please switch on the lights.Lights on, please.VI. Explaining the Contents on the SlidesThis slide demonstrates ...Demonstrate:展示，演示On this slide, you can see...This curve in this slide shows...This figure in this slide exhibits...This table on this slide presents...This diagram on this slide depicts...The picture on this slide shows ...The photomicrograph on this slide shows ...The flow-chart on this slide points out...The circuit diagram on this slide represents~...~VII. Demanding to Show the Next SlideMay I proceed to the next slide, please?I think we can move on to the next slide.Let me show you the next slide.Now, we can go on to the next slide. Next slide, please.Next, please. VIII. Returning to the Previous SlideTo make a comparison, can we return to the first slide, please?Let's go back. No, not this one. One back. Back one more. Y Let's go back. No, not this one. One back. Back one more. Yes, that’es, that’es, that’s it. Thank you. s it. Thank you.May I go back two slides, please?Could you return to the second slide?May we have the previous slide again?IX. Correcting a MistakeSorry, this one is in the wrong order. May I have the next one?Oh, this slide is misplaced. Please skip over it. Y Oh, this slide is misplaced. Please skip over it. Yes, this is the correct one. es, this is the correct one.Skip over ：跳过I'm afraid I didn't ask for this slide. Can we go back to the previous one? Please.No, not this one. Next, please. Y No, not this one. Next, please. Yes, this is the one I need. Thank you. es, this is the one I need. Thank you.Sorry, there seems to be one slide missing.X. Indicating the Speed of Running SlidesLet's go through the following slides rapidly.The following three slides we will go through quickly without explanation.Wait a minute, please. I want to say more about this slide.Because of the shortage of time, I' ll have to omit the following slides. Omit:省略Time is up, let's come to the last slide directly.Chapter III Ending the Speech T Chapter III Ending the Speech Textext I. Signaling the Beginning of the End PartLet Let’’s look at what I have talked about.Well, that brings me to the end of my presentation. This last slide is a brief summary of what I have talked about.Before I stop/finish, let me just say... To close my speech, I' 11 show you the last slide.Now I'd like to summarize my talk.Summarize:总结To summarize, I have talked about three aspects of the cancer problem: ...Aspect:方面Finally, as a summary statement, I would like to sum up the major points I have made.Sum up:总结II. SummarizingLet me just run over the key points again.Run over:造访，回顾造访，回顾I'll briefly summarize the main issues.In conclusion\In closing\In a word\To sum up\In brief\Briefly\All in all\Finally,…III. ConcludingAs you can see, there are some very good reasons ...To sum up, my conclusion is that the present program is the best one.In conclusion ...Let me conclude my talk with the following comments. In conclusion, I would like to point out the following aspects.I'd like to leave you with the following conclusion.IV . QuotingLet me close by quoting Dr. Einstein, the famous physicist, who said that…I would like to come to a close by quoting what Sir Newton once said...Therefore, I would suggest that we...I'd like to suggest...As far as I'm concerned, the only solution to the problem is...V . ClosingThat's all, thank Y That's all, thank You. ou.That's the end of my presentation.So much for my speech, thank you.Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your listening.VI. Samples 'Finally, we can draw the conclusion: edge detection and denoising are two important branches of image processing. If we combine edge detection with denoising, we can overcome the shortcomings of the commonly-used denolsing methods and without blurring the edge notably.Furthermore, there are many denoising and edge detection methods now. Different methods are suitable for different types of images and noise models. We can do further research on how to combine these various denoising and edge detection methods according to the content of the images and nature of noise.That's all for my talk. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask me. I'm quite willing to discuss them with you at any time, Thank you.Chapter IV Asking and Answering QuestionsI. Inviting QuestionsSo, let's throw it open to questions.Now I' d like to answer any questions, if you have any.Now I am ready to answer your questions, if any.I'd be glad to try and answer any questions.Are there any questions?Any questions?II. Raising QuestionsSignaling Y Signaling Your Intention to Ask a Questionour Intention to Ask a Question Signal: 向……发信号I want to ask Dr. bi a question.I have a guest ion for Dr. Anderson.Mr. Smith, I have a question to ask you.There is a question I'd like to ask Prof. Li.A question for Mr. Liu. One question, Dr. Wei.Could I ask you a question, Prof. Li?Expressing Y Expressing Your Attitudeour Attitude （Before asking your question, you can express your positive attitude or make a comment on the speaker's presentation. For example,）Dr. Johnson, I was fascinated by your description of your study Dr. Johnson, I was fascinated by your description of your study, but what will happen if... , but what will happen if... Fascinate:使着迷Mr. Li, you did splendid work! Just one question.Splendid: 极好的，令人满意的（Then Asking the Specific Question ）Y ou mentioned very briefly that you used two experiments that were the same.Would you please elaborate on that point?Would you be so kind as to give me more information about the method of your experiment?Would you tell me the reason why ……?Comprehensive SamplesCongratulations, Dr. Li. I can't help but admire your achievement. But I want to know what's your attitude toward abuse of antibiotics?May I ask you a question? How does subjective evaluation differ from objective evaluation?First, I'd like to say your research is very interesting. May I ask two questions? Do you see any relation between cigarette smoking and peptic ulcers? And what advantage do you expect by using this approach?III. Response to QuestionsAsking for RepetitionPardon, I couldn't hear what you said.I beg your pardon, I didn't catch what you said.I'm sorry I forgot your first question. Would you be so kind as to say it again?I'm not quite sure what your question is.I didn't quite get the last point of your question.Y ou mean, there may be some mistake in the calculation?Are you referring to the significance of the difference?Are you suggesting that the temperature might have affected the results?If I understand you correctly, you are saying/asking...I didn't quite catch that.Could you go over that again?I'm not sure what you're getting at.Welcoming the QuestionWelcome the question by saying "thank you" or comment ing on it saying "That’s a good question"ing on it saying "That’s a good question" or "That's a challenging question."This is a very good question.Thank you for that question.I'm glad this question has been brought up-I appreciate that question.This is a hard question.This is an interesting question.This is a big question.I'd be delighted to answer your question.I'll try to answer this question very briefly.In answer to your question, I would say that...I can only provide a partial answer to that question.Let me try to answer your questions one by one.My answer to your first question is...May I answer your second question first?Thank you for that question. This is a challenging question and I'm afraid I can only provide a partial answer to it. Anyway, I'll try my best to answer it.Responding to Difficult or Challenging QuestionQuestion: So what happens if the new budget isn't approved?Answer (1): We've spent two months preparing the new budget. It's a good budget and we're confident we'll get approval to put it into practice.Answer (2): There is too much supposition in the question for me to give a sound answer. Responding to Improper QuestionI appreciate your interest in my research, but I just don't want to talk about it now. Let's talk about something else.I'd rather not say.Why do you want to know?ou Do Not KnowResponding to the Questions You Do Not KnowResponding to the Questions YIf you don't know the answer to a particular question, simply admit that you don't know. Say something like this:"I'm sorry. I don't happen to know the answer to that question, but I'll be happy to check into it for you."Here are some further examples:I don't think I can answer your question.I wish I could answer your question, but unfortunately I have no good answer.I'm not sure that I can answer your question. What I'm going to say is not quite an answer to your question.Another technique to cope with the situation is to direct the attention to another expert who may know it or you can use the audience. Ask if anyone could help the questioner and hence it won't be necessary for you to admit that you do not know the answer. See examples below.I think that question could be better answered by Dr. Liu than by me.I think perhaps Dr. Chen would be better able to answer this question.Prof. Li would be a better person to answer your question since he has done a lot of work in this field.Dr. Sawyer is perhaps in a better position to tell us something about it.Perhaps my colleague Dr. Emery here has some better ideas.。
教你如何写Presentation主体内容
Presentation的主体内容是整个presentation的主要部分，它包括了presentation的中心思想，主要内容，你的解读，你的论据和对你准备好的材料的介绍。
在开场白过后，真正决定presentation价值的部分就是主体内容。
因此我们整理了一下再主体内容的构成和需要注意的事项，并举出示例来展示如何合适的表达出你的含义。
presentation主题内容结构1.Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text表示presentation主体内容开始的语句在一个精彩的开场白过后，presentation的主题内容要马上跟上，让观众的注意力持续下去，产生更好的演讲效果和共鸣。
在这些语句之后，主题内容正式开始介绍。
To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’ll use inmy presentation.2.Shifting to the Next Main Point要点之间的过渡当你有两个以上的要点介绍时，一个好的过渡会使观众更加容易的跟上你的思路。
Well, let's move on to the next point.We will now come to the second problem.Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.That brings me to my second point.I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that is the application of the formula.3.Resuming the Topic重申中心思想在介绍完一些观点后，趁热打铁提出你的中心思想，并进行详细介绍。
presentation必备
成功英语演讲的秘诀：开场白、结束语应对问题-I will be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the present ation.-Please can you save your questions till the end.-If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the pre sentation.-there will be time at the end of the presentation to answer your questions-so plea se feel free to ask me anything then.-Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.-Please feel free to interrupt me at any time.-Please stop me if you have any questions.-If you need clarification on any point, you're welcome to ask questions at any time. -Can I come back to that point later?-I will be coming to that point in a minute.-That's a tricky question.-We will go into details later. But just to give you an idea of...-I am afraid there's no easy answer to that one...-Yes, that's a very good point.-Perhaps we could leave that point until the questions at the end of the presentatio n-I think I said that I would answer questions at the end of the presentation---perha ps you wouldn't mind waiting until then.-I think we have time for just one more question欢迎听众(正式)- Welcome to our company- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...- I'd like to thank you for coming.- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming欢迎听众(非正式)- I'm glad you could all get here...- I'm glad to see so many people here.- It's GREat to be back here.- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come to day.- Welcome to X Part II.受邀请在会议上致词- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this pre sentation...- I am grateful for the opportunity to present...- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman- It's my pleasant duty today to...- I've been asked to...告知演讲的话题- the subject of my presentation is...- I shall be speaking today about...- My presentation concerns...- Today's topic is...- Today we are here to give a presentation on...- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team me mbers...- A brief look at today's agenda...(告诉听众所讲内容的先后顺序)- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...- Take a moment and think of...- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...告诉听众发言的长度- During the next ten minutes, I shall...- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...引起听众的兴趣- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us. - My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been s o successful for so long...- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins... - the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will chang e the way your companies operate...- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...告诉听众内容要点- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...a nother, ... the final)- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)- I've divided my talk into five parts...- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular probl em (...in general, ...more particularly).- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general concl usions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following cons iderations.- We all ought to be aware of the following points.结束语-In conclusion, I'd like to...-I'd like to finish by...-Finally...-By way of conclusion...-I hope I have made myself understood-I hope you have found this useful-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...-Let me end by saying...-That, then was all I had to say on...-That concludes our presentation...-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...-Thank you for your attention...-Let's break for a coffee at this point-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you转自/abc/html/kouyujicui/20070821/4.html转帖二做presentation，我们要注意对话题的准备以及态度和身体语言等等，除此之外，我们还应该掌握一些常用句型。
史上最狠的论文评审意见(附中文翻译)
史上最狠的论文评审意见（附中文翻译）2010年Environmental Microbiology杂志刊登了一部分杂志的审稿意见，让人在学术研究严肃、认真的前提下充分体会了下，审稿人的幽默与诙谐，有的审稿意见甚至让人啼笑皆非，下面列举了一部分经典的审稿意见，让大家也见识一下史上最狠的评审意见，其他的内容见文后附件，有兴趣的可以继续寻找。
PS：翻译纯属搞笑，不喜勿拍！This paper is desperate. Please reject it completely and then block the author’s email ID so they can’t use the online system in future.这文章太不给力了…请万勿发表。
此外，建议锁定该作者的电子邮件ID，避免此人日后继续投稿。
The writing and data presentation are so bad that I had to leave work and go home early and then spend time to wonder what life is about.写作水平和展示的数据无敌了，哥不得不提前下班，匆匆回家，然后花时间思考下人活着是为了虾米。
Reject –More holes than my grandad’s string vest!拒发，必须的。
本文的漏洞比我爷爷网眼背心上的洞还多！I would suggest that EM set up a fund that pays for the red wine reviewers may need to digest manuscripts like this one.哥建议贵刊（环境微生物学杂志）成立基金，以买单审稿人审阅时可能需要的红酒，哥上火呀。
The biggest problem with this manuscript, which has nearly sucked the will to live out of me, is the terrible writing style.这篇文章问题多多，写作格式尤其可怕，简直摧残了哥身体里求生的意志。
Review presentation
Distribution
•Widely geographical distributing/national presence •Penetrative marketing distribution 35% 30% 30% __% __% __%
N
Extensive
Global
Y
Y
Limited Extensive and Experienced
Global
Y
Y
3
Our Due Diligence Process
MDD
Experts Input
FDD
Comprehensive Analysis
Final Candidate Ranking
9
MDD
Development
•Has the prosperous perspective on core business •Plans to expand outward-both in terms of geography •Globalization oriented •Strong R&D team/sense •Long-term development strategy
OK OK
5 Candidates
No Problem
2
Comments: AEGON’s 5 candidates
Company
Main Business
Highway investment, construction, management Tourism
Business Scope
人文社科研究方法
人文社科研究方法人文社科研究方法是学习人文社科学的基本方法，也是研究人文社科现象的一门重要课程。
它是一个复杂的行业领域，覆盖着很多不同的研究方法，每一种都有其独特的优势和适用场景。
本文从以下几个方面综述人文社科研究方法：定义、分类、步骤以及优势和适用场景。
首先，人文社科研究方法的定义是指研究人文社科的一般程序和技术，其目的是在获取有关社会、经济、文化、政治和历史等理论和实践的深入理解的基础上，采用具有一致的技术和程序，以收集、分析、汇总、组织、转换、传播等获取知识的过程。
人文社科研究方法包括提问(Questioning)、实地考察(Field Work)、案例研究(Case Study)、发现(Discovery)、分析(Analysis)、综合(Synthesis)、比较(Comparison)等几个主要方面。
其次，按照研究层次、途径和数据获取方式的不同，人文社科研究方法可以分为宏观研究(Macro-level Studies)、微观研究(Micro-level Studies)、实证研究(Empirical Studies)和实证分析(Empirical Analysis)等几大类。
其中，宏观研究方法主要研究社会思想、历史、政治、文化等宏观性问题；微观研究方法以实地采访、实验、实证分析等为主，研究个体行为与社会现象之间的关系；实证研究方法着重于通过反复测量和试验、以实验室为基础的方式，检验假设；实证分析方法则着重于对历史数据的分析，以及对社会现象的探究。
再次，实施人文社科研究的步骤包括：确定研究目标(Identifying Research Objectives)；选定研究范围(Choosing Research Scope)；搜集数据(Data Collection)；思考问题(Question Formulation)；分析数据(Data Analysis)；进行归纳分析(Inductive Analysis)；发表结论(Conclusion Presentation)；拟定研究方案(Research Plan Devising)；实施调查(Survey Implementation)；记录调查结果(Recording of Survey Results)；接收和整理调查数据(Receiving and Processing of Survey Data)；归纳数据(Induction of Data)；分析数据(Analysis of Data)；报告结论(Summary and Conclusion Reporting)；提出建议(Suggestions)。
Question and Answer Session
3. Once the questions start coming, what should you do?
First, listen to the question. You may have to go beneath the surface and read between the lines. You may detect a hidden motive behind the question. The toughest questions can come from those who agree with you, but who may simply want to get a more complete answer. Make sure you hear and understand the full question before answering. Ask for clarification of anything you don't understand. Be straightforward. If you don't know the answer, you may use the three little words "I don't know ". After admitting that you don't know, you may offer your own views on the subject, pointing out that your answer is inferred from related but not direct information. Another solution is to say ,"I don't know ", but I will be happy to find out when I go back and write you the answer.
做英文学术报告时进行的交流问答
feature featuret he ability to give an effective and engaging presentation is a crucial skillthat every scientist must master early in his or her career. it is not only a useful skill for conferences, meetings and seminars;a successful and convincing presentation can also open the door to fruitful collabo-rations, successful grant applications or a new job. Many researchers therefore spend a consider a ble amount of time and effort preparing and practising for an upcoming talk. in fact, they often rehearse their presen-tation to the point they can recite the entire talk on cue.However, few scientists practice taking and answering questions from an audience. Mastering this skill is important because even the most well-rehearsed talk can be easily ruined by a poor Q&a session. after all, nearly anyone can memorize a talk, but it is the way a presenter handles questions that best demonstrates his or her know-ledge and understanding of the subject. Moreover, in scientific talks, it is often the last impression—that is, the Q&a session—that counts. therefore, preparing for the Q&a is as important, if not more important, than preparing for the talk itself.the focus of this article is therefore on preparing for and answering ques-tions effectively and the steps that can be taken to improve this skill. Many readers might recognize the situations outlined in this article; although some of these might seem daunting, there is a solution to every one.t he first step in conducting an effectiveQ&a session is to ensure a smoothtransition from the end of the talk tothe questions. an abrupt ending leaves theaudience unsure whether the presenter isfinished, or whether they should clap or startasking questions; not welcoming questionsmight make a presenter seem defensive orunwilling. to prevent this awkwardness, apresenter can end the talk with an invitationto the audience to ask questions. presenterswho smile and make eye contact with theaudience convey confidence in the infor-mation presented and openness to discuss-ing their findings. if possible, it is helpful tomove away from the podium and closer tothe audience. this creates a more informalsetting and makes it easier for the speakerto hear questions. the next step is to takecharge of selecting questioners. Whether ornot there is a moderator, presenters benefitfrom taking control of the Q&a session, asit allows them to better manage the pace ofquestioning and decide when to move on tothe next question.Next, it is crucial to listen carefully to eachquestion. although this might seem obvious,presenters often anticipate or misunderstanda question, and provide an answer that haslittle to do with what was originally asked. itcan also be useful for the presenter to repeatthe question. this gives the presenter timeto think about an appropriate reply and thequestioner a chance to clarify their ques-tion if the speaker has misunderstood it.Moreover, it ensures that the audience knowwhat was asked in case they have beenunable to hear it—a frequent occurrence.W ith formalities out of the way, itis time to formulate an answer.Before doing so, however, oneimportant task is to decode the question.Questions are often statements in disguise,so it is important to determine the intentionsof the questioner. in fact, most questionsafter a scientific talk will fall into one of thefollowing categories.‘Suggestion’ questions are not ques-tions at all: they are, rather, advice alongthe lines of: ‘i study something related andhave used approach xyz. y ou might be ableto use the same approach for your project.’the questioner either tries to be genuinelyhelpful or to seem well informed about thetopic. the best response to these ‘questions’is to acknowledge the advice by agreeingthat it is a good idea, and that it would beworth pursuing.‘i don’t understand’ questions indi-cate that the questioner is having troubleunderstanding some aspect of the talk—or has been checking e-mails. althoughthese questions could pertain to a numberof things, they usually relate to a specificexperimental protocol, data set or con-clusion. Even if the speaker has clearlyexplained the point, it is best to be politeand repeat the explanation. the questionermight not have heard it the first time, as lis-teners often read and analyse slides insteadof listening to what the speaker is saying.When responding to these questions, itcan be useful to go back to the slide thatpresents the point or data in question. if it isnecessary to restate something, alternativewords or a different approach to the expla-nation might be useful. this is particularlyhelpful if English is not the first language ofAny questions?A concise guide to navigating the Q&A session after a presentation Jennifer Streeter & Francis J. Miller… preparing for the Q&Ais as important, if not more important, than preparing forthe talk itself Questions are often statements in disguise, so it is important to determine the intentionsof the questionerscience & societyfeatureeither the speaker or the questioner. it might also be helpful to use a metaphor to help the audience understand a complex con-cept, and/or to try explaining the research in a manner that would enable someone from outside the field to understand it. Metaphors and alternative explanations often require forethought and preparation. this provides an incentive for practising the Q&a session with colleagues and laypeople beforehand, in order to get a feeling for the range of questions that might be asked and to ascertain which parts of the presentation might need improvement or clarification.‘We have found’ questions are another example of ‘questions’ that are not really questions. the ‘questioner’ is usually taking the opportunity to discuss his or her own research findings. usually, these comments are benign and complement the presenter’s findings, in which case the presenter can thank the person for his/her contribution and move on.On the other hand, if the questioner is using his/her data to challenge the findings that have been presented this can turn into an ‘i don’t believe you’ question. the questioner is not convinced that the data are accurate or that they support the conclusions. Suchquestions usually imply a discrepancy with the data or contradiction in the conclusion, and might even have a threatening under-tone. presenters who are familiar with the referenced data, could answer: ‘y es, but they used a different cell type or species or model or technique, which might be responsible for the discrepancy.’ Otherwise, present-ers might need to acknowledge the point, but assert that they would need to review the findings in question before answering proper l y. Even when their conclusions are challenged, presenters should remain confi-dent about their data or they should not have presented it in the first place.all of these questions are not particu-larly satisfying to answer, as they do little to explore the research furtheror start a genuine discussion about the data. the latter two types of question are more interesting in this regard, as they offer the possibility of extending the scope of the talk and the knowledge being discussed.‘probing’ or ‘connecting’ questions often start with ‘Do you know of any…’ or ‘is there any literature pertaining to…’. in this case, the questioner usually wants to know if there is a link between what has been presentedand his or her own research or a related interest, and is genuinely interested in addi-tional information. presenters can share this information, even if they do not know all the details, by briefly describing what is known in the literature and mentioning investigators that have published related findings.‘What do you think’ questions are often the most satisfying ones, because they encourage the presenter to reflect on his or her findings and even generate new ideas. Such questions often come from a faculty member who wants to either encourage the presenter to think about their research or assess their knowledge base. it is best not to limit the answer to those conclu-sions that are soundly supported by the presented data; presenters should also mention other experiments that might pro-vide new insights, and refer to the work ofother investigators that support the opinionEven when their conclusions are challenged, presenters should remain confident about their data; or they should not havepresented it in the first placescience & society featuregiven. the presenter should be willing to speculate on possible future experiments and their likely outcomes. it is not helpful to answer this question with ‘i don’t know’, or ‘that information is not known’ because the questioner is asking for an opinion, not facts. When drawing a complete blank, it is acceptable to say ‘that’s a good question. i’m going to have to think about it’. it is also appropriate to ask the questioner how he or she would answer the question.Once the question has been decoded, a presenter can proceed with answering it. it is best to begin by identifying a positive qual-ity of the question and stating it. an example of a positive response is ‘that’s an insightful (or interesting or challenging) question.’ No matter how difficult a question is, it usually has some redeeming quality. responding positively and confidently will encourage an environment in which the audience feels comfortable asking questions, and should lead to a more productive Q&a session. t here are, of course, many problems and pitfalls that can arise during aQ&a session. the challenge here is twofold: first, to quickly identify a prob-lem and second, to promptly remedy it. it is therefore helpful to be aware of the following potential situations.Not knowing the answer. this can be a common occurrence, especially early in one’s research career, because questioners often ask questions that are beyond the scope of a presenter’s research or knowledge base. it is best to accept this fact and remember that it is sometimes acceptable not to know the answer. the key in this situation is to refrain from speculating—unless it is a ‘what do you think’ question. it might be helpful to restate the question in order to gain some time to think, but the safest response is to state, ‘i’m sorry, but i don’t know the answer.’ if the questioner asks about something for which there is no data, it is of course prudent to say so. another approach is to redirect the question to a colleague or lab member in the audience who might know the answer, or ask the audience if anyone else can offer some insight. in any case, the time for Q&a is usually limited, so it is advisable not towaste too much time here.Someone asks questions that pertain toongoing or planned work. it is temptingto talk about unpublished results, but it isprudent not to reveal too much informa-tion. it might not be appropriate to disclosesuch data or ideas, either because these arepreliminary and remain to be validated, orbecause it creates the risk of someone elseusing them. instead, it is safe to say, ‘that’ssomething we are very interested in andcurrently looking into.’the language barrier. if the questionerasks something that does not make sense, itis sensible to politely ask them to rephrasethe question. Once a presenter feels that heor she understands what the questioner isasking, it is helpful to restate the question.Even if a presenter does not understand thespecific question, or if they are unsure of theintent of the questioner, they can usuallyrespond to what they understood the ques-tion to be. However, it might sometimes benecessary to suggest talking to the personafter the seminar.Being asked the same question again.there is no value in embarrassing the ques-tioner by pointing out that someone elsehas already asked the same question. asmentioned above, the questioner might nothave heard the information the first time,so it is safe to restate the answer and, ifneeded, display the corresponding slide toavoid embarrassment.the questioner will not stop talking. ifsomebody is not happy with the responseand keeps prompting the presenter for moreinformation, it might become necessaryto save time and ask them to continue thediscussion after the session, before mov-ing on to another question. if this leads todisagreement, it is important to maintaincomposure and control of the dialogue. it isunderstandable to be enthusiastic about thedata and want to defend it vigorously, but itis not acceptable to be argumentative withthe audience. When things seem to be atan impasse, it is time to move on and say:‘i’d like to give other audience membersa chance to ask questions, but we cancontinue this discussion after the seminar.’g enerally, a presenter should respectthe audience and not embarrasspeople who have asked questions;for example, by starting answers with thephrase ‘as you should know…’ or by givinga pithy answer that implies that the questionwas not worthy of a more complete answer.again, it is prudent to find a positive qualityof the question and point it out before mov-ing on. it is fine to use humour when answer-ing, but it should not be at the expense of acolleague, or someone else’s data.Finally, there is always the possibilitythat nobody asks a question and the endof the talk is followed by an uncomfortablesilence. Several reasons can account forthis. First, the speaker went over the allottedtime, which can aggravate people since theyhave other things to do. it also shows poorpreparation and conveys a lack of respectfor the audience and other speakers. Ofcourse, the best defence is to practice andtime the talk accordingly.Other reasons for not getting questionsis that the talk was too complicated, outsidethe area of interest of the audience or poorlypresented. in addition, audience membersoften refrain from asking a question if theythink everyone else in the room knows theanswer, and they do not want to ask a ‘stu-pid’ question. in any of these situations, it ispossible to encourage questions by saying‘i know there were several results that werecomplex, counterintuitive or unexpected.can i clarify any of the data?’conversely, engaging presenters willprobably generate an enthusiastic dis-cussion during the Q&a session and canencourage audience members to continuetalking beyond the allotted time. However,in the absence of a session chair, it is theresponsibility of the presenter to ensure thatthe Q&a session does not overrun. if timehas expired, but people continue to raisetheir hands, one can simply state ‘it lookslike we’ve run out of time. if anyone has anyfurther questions, please contact me afterthe talk and i’d be happy to discuss thesewith you.’ this approach enables presen-ters to use the Q&a session to trigger a dia-logue or discussion afterwards during thecoffee break.E ncouraging questions, communi-cation and participation creates abeneficial experience for both thepresenter and the audience. an engagedaudience is more attentive, might ask morerelevant questions and suggest novel andIt is understandable to beenthusiastic about the data andwant to defend it vigorously,but it is not acceptable to beargumentative with the audienceAn engaged audience is moreattentive, might ask morerelevant questions and suggestnovel and valuable ideasscience & society featurevaluable ideas. Furthermore, an interest-ing and engaging Q&a session can lead to ongoing discussions, and thereby facili-tate successful collaborations and future invitations to speak; meeting organizers tend to invite speakers they have had posi-tive experiences with before. a good Q&a session and ensuing discussions during the coffee break also help to develop the professional network of the presenter.Finally, reflecting on the questions asked during the Q&a session not only will en a ble the presenter to improve future talks by adjusting the content or approach of the presentation, but also might generate new ideas to improve his or her own research. in summary, a well-conducted Q&a ses-sion can contribute to a mutually benefi-cial situation in which the presenter and the audience walk away from a scientific talk with new ideas and renewed enthusiasm for research.Jennifer Streeter is at the Departmentof Anatomy and Cell Biology and FrancisJ. Miller is at the Department of Internal Medicine, both at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.E‑mail: jennifer‑streeter@EMBO reports (2011) 12, 202–205.doi:10.1038/embor.2011.20To protect and save A new chapter opens on biodiversity conservation Philip Hunteri n the wake of the admission from theunited Nations (uN) that, to date, efforts have failed to even slow down the rate of extinction across almost all plant and animal taxa (cBD,2010), the fight to reverse the human-induced loss of biodiversity is enter-ing a new chapter. the failure to achieve the targets set in 2002 for reducing decline has led to a revised strategy from the campaign for Biodiversity (cBD). this new approach recognizes that species conservation can-not be treated in isolation from other issues facing humans, including climate change, water scarcity, poverty, agricultural develop-ment and global conflict. it also acknow-ledges that declining biodiversity cannot be tackled properly without a more accurate inventory of the species in existence today. thus, a large part of the strategy to com-bat species decline focuses on building an exhaustive catalogue of life.the global Strategy for plant conserv-ation includes such a plan. the intention is to compile an online flora of known plants by 2020, which should enable compre-hensive conservation efforts to gather steam. peter Wyse Jackson, president of the Mis-souri Botanical garden in the uSa, said that around 25% of the estimated 400,000 plant species in the world, are thought to be threat-ened. He said that around 850 botanical gardens have, between them, collectedaround 100,000 species, but only a quar-ter of these are from the threatened group.“World Flora online will then be an essen-tial baseline to determine the status of indi-vidual plant species and threats to them,”Jackson explained. “By 2020 it is proposedthat at least 75% of known threatened plantsshould be conserved both in the wild and inexisting collections.”Missouri Botanical gardens will have animportant role in the project and Jacksoncommented that the first step of the plan hasalready been achieved: the establishment ofan online checklist of flora that is needed tobuild a comprehensive database of the plantspecies in the world.yet, some other plans to halt speciesdecline have drawn criticism. “in my opin-ion, whilst such international targets areuseful to motivate individuals, states andwider society to do conservation, they arenot necessarily realistic because they areoften ‘pulled out of the hat’ with very littlescience behind them,” commented ShonilBhagwat, senior research fellow at theSchool of geography and the Environmentat Oxford university.the revised cBD plan specifies mea-sures for reversing the decline in bio-diversity. One target is to enlarge protectedareas for wildlife, within which activitiessuch as logg i ng are prohibited. Ecologicalcorridors could then connect these areasto allow migration and create a network of‘safe’ places for wildlife.Such a corridor is being created betweentwo parts of the Brazilian atlantic rain-forest—the pau Brasil National park and theMonte pascoal National park—both of whichare already protected. “Well-managed pro-tected areas keep away biodiversity threats,such as deforestation, invasive species,hunting and poaching,” explained arndalexander rose, marketing manager forBrazil at the Nature conservancy, a con-servation organization that operates on allcontinents. “We think that the connectivitybetween the national parks is essential forthe long-term permanence of local species,especially fauna,” rose said.Worldwide, only around 6% of coast-lines are within protected areas, but around12% of the total land area is protected—a figure that is perhaps higher than manywould expect, reflecting the large size ofmany national parks and other designatedwildlife zones. Nevertheless, the coverageof different habitats varies greatly: “Only 5%of the world’s temperate needle-leaf forestsand woodlands, 4.4% of temperate grass-lands and 2.2% of lake systems are pro-tected” (cBD, 2010). the aim of the cBD isto increase the total area of protected land to17% by 2020, and also to expand the pro-tected coastal zones, as well as extendingthe area of protected oceans to 10%.t hings at sea, however, are different;both in terms of biodiversity and pro-tection. the biggest threat to manymarine species is not direct human acti-vity—poaching or habitat encroachment,for example—but the impact of increasedocean acidity due to rising atmosphericcarbon dioxide levels. Halting or reversingthis increase will therefore contribute to themarine conservation effort and biodiversityin the long term.However, the first task is to establish theextent of marine biodiversity, particularlyin terms of invertebrate animals, which arenot well catalogued. ian poiner is cEO of ...an online flora of knownplants […] should enablecomprehensive conservationefforts to gather steam。
国际交流英文演讲与辩论慕课习题笔记
Unit 1 Education Exchange1.Which one is with the greatest importance when preparing for an informative presentation?Setting take-home message2. A good speech requires a clear structure and ______.logical reasoning3.The followings are the main benefits of a debate except ________.helping people become more passionate4.If a university administrator is to introduce the campus and facilities to overseas studentsstudying at the university, which of the following should he consider while preparing for the presentation? ___________ .Majors of the overseas students.Languages of the overseas students.Interests of the overseas students.5.If an education exchange institution is making a speech attracting more people to join theiroverseas study program, which of the following should be included in the speech?Benefits of studying abroadAdvantages of their programs.Successful experiences of their overseas study program.Unit 2 Artificial Intelligence1.You’d better put __________ in your slides.simple phrases and key words2.Which of the following statements is NOT right about body language?The speaker should always smile even when he/she expresses the emotion ofpity.3.When the debater says: “My partner and I have come up with some definitions to further clarifythis round. Our first definition is death. We define it as both brain and cardiac death. Our second definition is organs. …”, what is the debater doing?Doing motion defining.4.If you are to design PowerPoint slides with the topic of “AI and my future career”, what shouldbe the main parts in your slides?Powerful headline: AI: A helping hand in my career.Key message: Learning to work with AI in my future career.Preview/review slide (outlines indicating why and how to work with AI). Jimmy was5.practicing a speech with his friends. He was told that his gestures were not appropriate. Whichof the following behavior of Jimmy should be avoided to make good gestures in a speech?put his hand in and out of pocket frequently.wave his two hands high above his head.make gestures just in front of his face.Unit3 Tourism and Leisure1.If an informative presentation starts with: “Every second, a slice of rainforest, the size of afootball field, is mowed down. That's over 31 million football fields of rainforest each year”, what opening method is used?Giving statistics.2.If a presenter says, “Today I’d like to tell you about three smart ways to save your money whiletraveling. In my brief presentation we’ll begin by . . . Then I’ll give another smart way . . . and finally I’d like to talk about . . .”, he is giving______.an introduction3.When you announce your opinion in your speech, you’d better___________ .slow down a bit4.When you stand on the stage, delivering a speech with a microphone, which of the following isNOT appropriate?Murmur to yourself.Hold the microphone directly to your mouth.Shout with the largest volume.5.Which of the following are possible benefits of taking a budget tour?Seeing different people.Experiencing different cultureBroadening one’s horizon.Learning to be independent.Unit 4 National and Cultural Identity1.When introducing to a tour group to America about what they should do when encounteringany emergencies or other problems, which of the following body structures might the speaker use?Problem-solution order.2.When designing a question for the beginning part of your speech, you should_______.make up a question based on the audience analysis3.For the motion: Museums should return their collected artifacts to the home countries, when theoppositional team says:" if the motion is implemented, museums will be discouraged from collecting artifacts, then a lot of first-class artwork might get lost", the team is to present _______ that might be caused by the motion.physical injuryually in the ending part of a speech, speakers would choose to refer back to the lead-in part.What are the benefit(s) of doing that?It will give a sense of connection and closure.It will leave a strong final impression on the audience.It will help your audience recall your speech.It will help re-emphasize your main idea.5.Which of the following stories can support the idea “the Chinese culture will be carried forwardin the era of globalization” in a public speech?The young generation in China celebrate both Christmas and Spring Festival.Foreigners are increasingly interested in Martial arts and Confucianism.Some famous Chinese calligraphy and ink painting works are displayed in well-known museums around the world.Unit 5 Men and Women1.Which of the following are “representative” stories in a speech?Typical stories supporting the key idea.2.Which of the following are NOT right about choosing stories in a speech?Use as many stories as possbile.3.Suppose the propositional case is: Women should quit their jobs and become stay-at-homemoms, which of the following arguments is the most important and should be attacked?It is harder or even impossible for women to balance housework and their jobs nowadays for some reasons.4.Michelle uses the story of her daughters’ first day at new school to persuade the public to votefor Hillary because she knows________________.the story is relevant to the purpose of voting for a president who cares about childrenthe story is representative and most American families may have similar worriesthe details included in the story can help create vivid picture of insecurity in the audience’s mindthe story can build resonance in her audience’s mind for most of her audience are middle-aged women.5.Which of the following is the right way to refute in a debate?Attacking relevance.Attacking logical leap.Attacking impact.Unit 6 Entrepreneurship1.Which of the following is NOT correct about using data in your speech?Use data as much as possible since they are convincing.2.By saying “Then, we can safely conclude that the self-employment will lead to even moreserious economic and social problems...”, the debater is making a refutation by_______.impacting3.Motion: College graduates should be encouraged to be self-employed.Argument: Job security keeps decreasing nowadays. Even if a college graduate finds a stable job, it is highly possible for him to lose it after a period of time.Which of the following sentences might the debater use to repeat, or identify the argument he is going to refute?As is mentioned by the propositional side, jobs are no longer as stable as they once were,... 4.Which expressions of transition can be used to emphasize the main points of your presentation?This ties in with the most important statement...This relates directly to the question I put to you before...By the end of the presentation, you will understand...As you remember, we are concerned with...5.Which of the following expressions are appropriate in leading to the third step of refutation:Replacing?Due to the fact that…On account of….Unit 7 Human and Nature1.Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of language appropriateness inpresentation.You may choose formal or informal words in presentation according to your own preference. 2.Parallel structures are highly recommended to speakers in persuasive speech for ______.all of the above3.What is the language feature of the sentence: Books are to mankind what memory is toindividual?Analogy4.Which of the following are effective ways to modify and monitor your language in presentations?Revise your script and slides several times after completing the draft.Rehearse your presentation and have someone evaluate your performance.Record your own speech and transcribe it so as to identify your grammatical mistakes.Raise awareness of your ‘recurrent’ grammatical mistakes so that you will be more cautious in your presentation.5.Which of the following are appropriate recovery phrases to correct any mistakes in yourpresentation?Let me just say that in another way, ...Put another way, this means...What I mean to say is...Perhaps I can rephrase that.Unit 8 Globalization1.Which of the following is NOT the correct response if embarrassing silence occurs in Q & Asession?Wait and Wait and Wait till someone offers a question. /Sing a song for the audience.2.What should you do if you feel nervous on the stage?Tell yourself that you are the authority, and most of the audience are friendly to you.3.What is the correct sequence in “Debate Format”?Case construction, Counter-case construction, Refutation and Closing speeches.4.What are the key elements in delivering an informative presentation?Effective ways to achieve smooth transition, monitor your language, and handle Q & A in your presentation.Designing your PowerPoint slides smartly: Display only the main and significant points.Structuring your presentation with an opening and introduction to catch the audience’s attention;a body structure to build clear and logic relationship of the ideas; an ending part summarizingkey elements and key appeal of your presentation impressively.Preparing your presentation: Don’t forget your Take-Home message.5.What are the three key elements in a public speech?LanguageContent。
PreviewandReview
Preview and Review.In the speech course I took from Lionel Crocker at Denison University, I was encouraged to “tell …em what you‟re going to them …em, tell …em, and then tell …em what you‟ve told them.” For me, this mantra transfers well to effective t eaching.With technology we can add “repackage the same message in different modes and with a rich array of examples” and “allow …em to hear it again and again until they get it.” And, finally, in the spirit of interactive learning, “allow …em to wor k with each concept, over and over, before-during-and-after presentation.”As preview, it‟s hard to beat students‟ advanced reading of the textbook. This can be reinforced in several ways. Each student can be asked to complete a 3-5 question, multiple-choice “survey” with the results automatically recorded in Blackboard or WebCT. Or, each student can be asked to email me their “muddiest point” (see my November 2001 column). Both approaches increase the incentive to read the chapter and provide “just in time” feedback that helps shape my activities in class.One of my favorite preview strategies is to ask Student A to draft a paragraph-long answer to a key question, email the draft for refinement to Student B, and then have Student C further revise the paragraph, negotiate consensus approval with A and B, and submit the answer in behalf of all three students. Students are encouraged to teach each other, and my grading task is cut by two-thirds.Before each class I ask a team of three students, in behalf of the entire class, to locate and annotate three websites that best increase their understanding of the topic-of-the-day. Quite often these same team members come to class with the toughest and most helpful questions. At first I thought their classmates would eagerly consult these sites. That didn‟t happen. Now, after class as part of their review of the concept-of-the-day, each class member is required to send me an email detailing which site helped them learn the most and why.One of my colleagues, Physicist Danny Shapiro, constructs double-jeopardy quizzes. Students are given a multiple-choice question. When they select an option (even the correct one), a counter-argument appears on the screen. The student is then given the option of changing the original answer or writing a sentence or two in justification of their original choice. This is a wonderful pedagogical technique, one that closely simulates a discussion with a student in one‟s office, but I have found that well constructed quizzes require many hours of preparation.An obvious way to preview a class session is the advanced distribution of lecture notes. My own preference is to post a few key PowerPoint slides, with one to two minutes of accompanying audio. Among the slides is a statement of the objective-of-the-day and the day‟s agenda. For a fuller discussion of this use of PowerPoint, refer to my column in the March 2001 issue of Syllabus or consult my personal webpage at/~brown.As review, Harvard‟s Richard Lyman encourages all of us to use the “one-minute quiz.” This works very well with or without technology. In my classes, all students are at networked computers and signed in to our chat room. Following a 20-minute lecture, I ask each student to prepare a one or two sentence summary of the concept-of-the-day. At the signal, they simultaneously submit their summaries to the chat room. Our in-class discussion will then typically focus upon honing to perfection two or three of the best submissions. These alternate statements of the basic concept can then be used for still later review.Another effective strategy is to ask students at the beginning of their next class to summarize what they learned at the previous session.After class assignments may include asking a team to construct of their own web page on the concept, requiring teams to develop PowerPoint presentations using the concept, writing one-page essays (either individually or as teams) describing how the concept is applied in the real world, or simply answering a few follow up questions.Another one of my colleagues in physics, Rick Matthews, has redesigned his in-class demonstrations into 30-seconds or shorter segments, so they may be videotaped and digitized for later re-running and review.As both preview and review, repetition and involvement enhance understanding and facilitate retention.。
02-Evaluation of a presentation
Evaluation of a presentationYour presentation is not over when it is over! You still have some tasks at hand: evaluating your presentation. At the heart of a presentation are information and show. How you carry yourself when you are giving your presentation is just as important as all that work you put into researching for it. Ask yourself the question: what is the key message (or three key points) for your audience to take away? You can also ask yourself whether you keep your presentation simple but make your words count. And to what extent, you get your audience involved in the presentation.1. Self examinationYour presentation helps you sort out what you’ve done, and understand it better yourself. At some point before the day is over, stop and examine your own thoughts about the presentation.1) What do you think you did that was good?2) Were all the points clearly made?3) What needs to be done that you did not do?4) How can you improve this presentation or others in the future?Make notes on these issues and save them for when you are preparing your next presentation. These notes will refresh you on how you can improve.2. Peer feedbackAsk for feedback from peers or your team members who may have been in the attendance. Analyze their reactions. Sometimes your team members/peers will not tell you negative comments, but give them a chance to give you feedback. Expressing yourself technically helps you make and use professional connections wisely. Feedback from your team members/peers will help you to join a long-term community, and forge mentoring and technical relationships in a scientific community.3. RevisionsIn the revision process, keep in mind that no matter how great you were, you still need to concentrate on how to improve or what changes to make for the next time. You need to reflect on the following aspects: 1) whether you are sensitive to your audience, and make the audience want to learn more; 2) your presentation is like a discussion with audience; 3) you make eye contact with the audience, and focus on key points; 4) you have clear tone of voice so that your audience can comfortably hear and understand your words; 5)you keep asking question in between your presentation to build up communication; and 6) you allow your personality to be reflected in the presentation. If this is the case, do so next time. If not, you need more practice or rehearsal.So far, you become aware of many possibilities for preparing, practicing and delivering a presentation. As a postgraduate, you need to get personally involved in creating your presentation. While others might help in the final production stage, only you can develop the message you truly want to convey — in just the way you intend. Seek advice from others when needed, but you should plan your strategy, select your media,develop your message, and design your visuals. Your efforts will pay off when you stand in front of a group and can speak with complete confidence because you know your material like the back of your hand. Your sense of accomplishment can build your enthusiasm, and your contribution will earn respect from your audience. As might be expected, your English presentation will allow you to participate in the high-level intercultural communication, and experience a growth in terms of enculturation and acculturation. Most of all, your presentation will lead you to speak as a scientist and become a member of the discourse community in science and technology.。
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Presentation Review / Analysis
Objectives
What was the presenter’s goal? Was it to educate, to motivate, to persuade, or to entertain?
What was the topic of the presentation?
What was the primary message of the presentation?
Was the objective achieved?
Who was the presentation mainly for? An audience who is mainly technical/young/business-minded…
Content & Structure – The Introduction
Did the presentation open with a story? A joke? A startling statistic? A controversial statement? A powerful visual? Was it attractive?
By the end of the introduction, was the intent of the presentation clearly established?
Was the opening memorable?
Content & Structure – The Body
Was the presentation focused? Did all arguments, stories, anecdotes relate back to the primary objective?
Were examples or statistics provided to support the arguments?
Were metaphors and symbolism use to improve understanding?
Was the presentation organized logically? Was it easy to follow?
Did the presenter transition smoothly from one part of the presentation to the next?
Content & Structure – The Conclusion
Was the conclusion clear and concise?
Was the conclusion memorable?
Delivery Skills & Techniques
Was the presenter passionate about his/her topic? How could you tell?
Was there audience interaction? Was it effective?
Was the message “you– and we-focused”, or was it “I- and me-focused”?
Was humor used?
Were appropriate pauses used before and after important phrases or words?
Were the visual aids designed effectively?
Was the use of visual aids timed well with the presenter’s words?
Did they add energy to the presentation or remove it?
Were they simple and easy to understand?
Would an additional visual aid help to convey the message?
Did the presenter’s body language convey confidence and poise?
Did the presenter have any distracting mannerisms?
Was eye contact effective in connecting the presenter to the whole audience?
Were loud and soft variations of the presenter’s voice used appropriately?
Was the speed varied? Was it slow enough overall to be understandable?
Were pauses used to aid understandability, heighten excitement, or provide drama?
Were sentences short and easy to understand?
What rhetorical devices were used? e.g. repetition, summarizing statements, metaphors, etc.
Overall
How did the presentation make you feel?
Were you convinced/persuaded? Why?
Were there any original presentation techniques?
Would you want to listen to this presenter again?。