4.9《Unit 4 language piont》

(4)在So ...that, to such...that 或者 in such ...that的句型中。
1.So excited was he that he couldn't say a word. 2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. 3.In such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down.
(3)在象声词或以out、in、up、 down、away等副词开头的句子里。 1.Crackle，crackle,crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened. 2. Out rushed the children.
• 英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是 陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓 语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的 语序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为 二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的 叫完全倒装（ full inversion ）；而只 将 be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主 语 之 前 的 叫 做 部 分 倒 装 （ partial inversion）。
(3)在省去if的虚拟条件பைடு நூலகம்句中。 1.Should I be free this afternoon,I would come and help you with your lesson. 2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job. 3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board. 我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’ t it... 或者hadn’t it been.. .因此下列句子应视为病句。 Weren’t it for his wife’s money, he would never be a director.
(4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。 1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 2.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 3.East of the lake lie two towns. 4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
（8）用于“形容词（或名词、动 词）”+as(though) 引导的让步状语从句中 Pretty as she is , she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again. Child as he was, he had to make a living. 注：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何 冠词
②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Not until＋ 状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句 而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如： 1）Only when he told me did I know it ． 2）Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted． No sooner…than…，Hardly／ Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如： No sooner（Hardly） had we reached home than（when）it began to rain．
倒装句
一、完全倒装
• (1)在以here、there、now、then等 副词开头的句子里。 1.Here is the seat for you. 2.There goes the bell. 3.Now comes your turn. 4.Then followed three days of heavy rain.
③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导 的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首， 则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后 也倒”。如： Neither do I know her name， nor does he.
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• (1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组 或状语从句时。 1.only then did he find it important to get along with others. 2.Only in this way can we make great progress. 3.Only after he came back were you able to see him.
• ①NB代表Not only…，but also… 引导的并列句。 not only位于句首 时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后 面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒 后不倒”。如： • 1）Not only did he come，but also he was very happy． • 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ， but also his German citizenship （was taken away）．
(9)有时为了平衡句子的需要， 以避免头重脚轻之感。 1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society. 2.Such are the rewards that always crown virtue.(Shakespeare)
在以上各类句型中，如果谓语 动词只有系动词be，则这类句 子应属于全倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it
巧记倒装句 在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中， 到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难 以掌握。下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容 易地掌握其结构形式。 前倒后不①， O，NU主倒从不倒②， 2N前倒后也倒③， NM前后均不倒④。
在上述四种句子中，如果主语为 人称代词，则不需要倒装。 e.g. In he came and back he went again.
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(7)当方式状语、频度状语等提 至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒 装。 1.Well do I remember the day that I saw a terrible accident on that road. 2.Many a time has he given me good advice.
• (2)在There be (exist、happen、 live、appear、lie、occur、rise、 seem、come、remain、stand等) 句型中。 1.There are at least thousands of people in the square. 2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.
4.At no time have I said such a thing. 5.Not a finger did I lay on him. 6.To few people does such an opportunity occur. 但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或 者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消， 此时则不需要倒装。 1.Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced. 2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything. 3.Not infrequently they go abroad.
(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语 时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,...than, hardly...when, ...no...等。 1. Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. 2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang. 3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.(MET90)
(6) 当neither nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一 人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时候。 1.“I didn't mean what I said, you know.” “Neither (Nor) did I”. 2.I don’t know. Neither (Nor) do I care. 注意Neither nor的特殊用法。 1.Just as I haven’t good eyes, so neither has my son, neither have my children.(当just as...,so...用于否定句时，只用neither.) 2.If he doesn't go, neither will I. （在if条件句后用来引起一个 主句时，只能用 Neither.） 3.You can’t do it, nor can I, nor can anybody else.（连续多次 否定，常用nor）。