Emissions trading caps emissions volume

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亨斯迈产品介绍及其颜料改性

▪ L系列为水性颜料改性剂，所以溶剂以水为主。B系列为溶剂型颜料改型剂，在水中的溶解性没有L系列好，建议以醇类溶剂溶解后再加入。
▪ L系列，B系列为胺，与酸性物质有一定的中和反应。应避免与酸类物质共同加入，以避免反应失效。
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路漫漫其悠远
亨斯迈产品介绍及其颜料改性
路漫漫其悠远 2020/4/15
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Monoazo Component o-nitro, p-toluidine o-nitro, p-chloroaniline o-nitro, p-anisidine o-nitro, p-chloroaniline p-nitro, o-chloroaniline 2,4-dinitroaniline 2,5-dichloroaniline

迈克沃伊和法默的中国体外诊断分销指南说明书

McEvoy and Farmer's Complete Guide to IVD Distribution in Chinahttps:///r/W875106C98AEN.htmlDate: May 2009Pages: 240Price: US$ 3,995.00 (Single User License)ID: W875106C98AENAbstractsWho is Who in Clinical Diagnostics in China, produced jointly with the firm McEvoy & Farmer, is the product of on-the-ground primary research on Chinese labs conducted in fall and winter 2008. Included in this report:Market Size Estimate by Major Category (Chemistry, Critical Care Chemistry, Urine Chemistry, Hematology, Flow Cytometry, Coagulation, Immunochemistry, Molecular Testing, Other IVD)Country Industry OverviewChinese Hospital StatisticsProfiles of 42 International Diagnostic Companies with operations in ChinaProfiles of 130 Domestic Diagnostic CompaniesProfiles of 24 Local Distributors, indicating the companies they distribute forThe Chinese market represents a significant opportunity for IVD diagnostic companies. But actionable information about this emerging market is often difficult to get. Only with an exhaustive, on-the-ground research team can a company truly understand the chinese market. Now, a resource is available that can make on-the-ground research available to all companies at a fraction of the cost.Published jointly with trusted Asian IVD market experts, this Kalorama report is acomplete survey of the IVD market in China today. Market size for major categories of the IVD market, products on the market, important Chinese market trends and intense company profiles are part of this exhaustive study.This country of 1.3 billion people is now America’s sixth largest export market, and China’s economy, while showing some effects of the world recession, has been less impacted than other nations and is showing growth, although not as rapid as in recent years. A number of recent events and trends in the Chinese healthcare environment are making China an increasingly attractive market opportunity for in vitro diagnostics companies. The increasing numbers of private laboratories and expanded reference laboratories are expanding the market for tests of all kinds.Although there are a number of challenges for diagnostic manufacturers to understand and overcome, the market for clinical diagnostics in China (both reagents and instruments) remains one of the most promising emerging markets in the world.ContentsCOUNTRY SUMMARYMarket TotalsWhat is New in ChinaThe Healthcare System in ChinaMedical InsuranceA Brief Guide to the BureaucracyPrivate and Reference LaboratoriesPrivate Medical PracticeProduct RegistrationReimbursementTendersReagent RentalQuality ControlVacuum Tube ConversionSecond hand InstrumentsImported and Domestic Sales INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURER PROFILESAbbott LaboratoriesABXAcon Biotech/InvernessAdaltisAffymetrixAgilent TechnologiesApplied BiosystemsArkrayAudit DiagnosticsBeckman CoulterBDBioneer TradeBio Rad LaboratoriesbioMérieuxDiaSorinDiaSys Diagnostic SystemsEppendorfEuroimmunFujirebio/CanAg DiagnosticsHitachi High Technologies CorporationHospitexHumanInverness MedicalJei Daniel (JD) BiotechJokohMedicine Devices Company (MDC) Melet Schloesing LaboratoriesMP BiomedicalsOrtho ClinicalDiagnosticsPerkinElmerPromegaQiagenRadiometerRandoxR BiopharmRocheSiemens Healthcare Diagnostics StagoSysmex CorporationThermoFisherVirionSerionYD DiagnosticsDOMESTIC MANUFACTURER PROFILES3V BioengineeringAccuBio TechAddcare Bio TechAi De Diagnostic (IND)AmpllyAntai DiagnosticsAudicom Medical InstrumentAutobio DiagnosticsAVE Science & TechnologyB & E Scientific InstrumentBasoDiagnosticsBeijing Genomics Institute (BGI Healthcare)Biocell InstituteBiocreateBiocup Biotech CompanyBioer TechnologyBiosino BiotechnologyBiote CompanyBioway BiotechnologyBlue Cross Bio MedicalBowlinman Sunshine Science & TechnologyCaihong Analytical InstrumentCaltech GroupCapitalBio CorporationCaretium Medical InstrumentsChang Chun Brother BiotechChangdao BiotechnologyChemClin Bio Tech / China Diagnostics Medical Chemtron BiotechChina Medical/Yuande Bio Medical EngineeringCondor Teco Medical TechnologyCornley Hi TechDa An GeneDecipher BioscienceDirui IndustrialDL Medical BiotechDoubleQ LabDragon MedicalElikan Biological TechnologyFenghua BioengineeringFengHui Medical Science & Technology First Sun ElectronicFosun DiagnosticsGenetel PharmaceuticalsGenius ElectronicsGoldsite DiagnosticsHai Tai BiologicalHaoyuan BiotechnologyHeal Force/Nison InstrumentHealthDigitHongcheng (HC) BiopharmaceuticalHongshi Medical TechnologyHope Industry and TradeHua Sin ScienceHua Tong Medical InstrumentHuaguan Biochip CompanyHuatai Biotechnology IndustrialHuayang Analysis InstrumentHybriBioInTec ProductsJian Ye Medical EquipmentinSangTe Medicine InstrumentKanghua Biotech CompanyKehua Bio EngineeringKinghawk TechnologyLabnovation TechnologiesLandwind International Medical Science LaoLa ElectronicLeadman Biochemistry TechnologyLengguang TechnologyLingyi Medical ScienceLivzon GroupLongx TechnologiesMaker Science TechnologyMaysun TechnologyMaxcom ElectronicMD Pacific TechnologyMeiyilin Electronics InstrumentMerit Choice BioengineeringMindray Medical ElectronicsModern Gold BiotechnologyNanfen Medical Biochemical InstrumentNeusoft Medical SystemsNew MoonNewScen Coast Bio PharmaceuticalOption Science & Technology Development Company Perlong GroupPG Biotech/QiagenPrecil InstrumentProcan ElectronicsRayto Life and Analytical SciencesRich Science IndustryRongsheng Biotech.Runbio Biotech .Sanco InstrumentSan Jose Medical Products..Sciarray BiotechSciendox Bio-Technology CompanySenlong Biotech..Share SunShensuo Medical DiagnosticsShenzhen New Industries Biomedical Engineering (SNIBE) Shining Sun TechnologySinnowa Medical Science & TechnologySTAC Medical Science & TechnologySteellex Scientific InstrumentStrong Biotechnologies...Success Technology DevelopmentSun BiotechSunostik Biomedical TechnologySym-Bio Lifescience.Tecom ScienceTechcompTellgen LifeTiangen Biotech...TianHai Medical Equipment (THME)Tianlong Science and TechnologyTigsun Biotinge Science & TechnologyTZD Technological.Urit Medical ElectronicWanCheng Bio-elect.Wantai BiologicalWasson An-Ze Bio-tech Company..WearmaxWeirikang Biological TechnologyW.H.P.M. Bioresearch & Technology/Hemosure Wondfo BiotechXun-Da Medical InstrumentYasen IndustrialYaxin Sheng WuZhong Tai BiotechZJ Bio-TechDISTRIBUTOR PROFILESAdvanced Clinical Laboratory Science (ACLS)Ailex Technology.....AusBio LaboratoriesBio-Asia DiagnosticsBiochem GroupBio-Star Technology DevelopmentChindex InternationalChinMax Medical SystemsDiamond BiotechnologyDong Hu Instrument/East LakeFu Li Tai (FLT) MeditecGene CompanyGiantech Medical Science & TechnologyGolden-Grand Medical Hongtex Bio-techLangkaNewtime TradingRainbow-Mega Scientific InstrumentScience International/Science LaboratoriesSunlionSuns-GroupTruth EnterpriseUnited Science InternationalVastec Medical..Zhi Cheng Biotech.Appendix: China’s Hospitals by Province.I would like to orderProduct name:McEvoy and Farmer's Complete Guide to IVD Distribution in ChinaProduct link:https:///r/W875106C98AEN.htmlPrice:US$ 3,995.00 (Single User License / Electronic Delivery)If you want to order Corporate License or Hard Copy, please, contact our CustomerService:*************************PaymentTo pay by Credit Card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, PayPal), please, clickbutton on product page https:///r/W875106C98AEN.htmlTo pay by Wire Transfer, please, fill in your contact details in the form below:First name:Last name:Email:Company:Address:City:Zip code:Country:Tel:Fax:Your message:**All fields are requiredCustumer signature _______________________________________Please, note that by ordering from you are agreeing to our Terms& Conditions at https:///docs/terms.htmlTo place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information belowand fax the completed form to +44 20 7900 3970。

非电器用的石墨或其他碳精制品(HS 681510)2017 乌克兰(254个)进口

ТОВ"Сумськ ий Завод Ущільнень " ТОВ з ІІ "БНХ Ук раїна" ТОВ "САН ТЕХ РАЙ " ПАТ "Сумськ е НВО " ТОВ "Клінгспор " ТОВ"ДІ-СТАР" ТОВ "АКАНТ" ТОВ "ВКП "ФЛЕКСІН УКРАЇНА " ТОВ"Сік а Ук раїна" Товариство з обмеж еною відповідальністю "Торговий дім "Панда плю с" ТОВ "Ск лянний Альянс" ТОВ "ГЕРМ ЕТИКА -УКРАЇНА " ДП "НАЕК "Енергоатом " ВП "Ск ладськ е господарство " ТОВ"УНІХІМ ТЄК -УКРАЇНА " ДП "НАЕК "Енергоатом "ВП "ХАЕС"(ВП "СГ") ДП "НАЕК "Енергоатом "ЮУВ ВП "Ск ладськ е господарство " ТОВ НВФ "Грейс-інж инірінг " ІНОЗЕМ НЕ ПІДПРИЄМ СТВО "1+1 Продак шн " ДП "НАЕК "Енергоатом " ВП "Запорізьк а АЕС"

Emissions Trading

Emissions Trading
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cost of abatement
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*Sankar, U. (2001). Environmental Economics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
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aggregate level of pollution in base year
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Pollution cap
Therefore, we have the following cost minimization problem subject to the pollution cap restraint:
(cap < emissions in base year)
Marginal cost of abatement (MCA) is
positive and increasing
Emissions Trading Graphically

Carbon-credit-and-emission-trading碳交易

Carbon credit and emission trading:Anaerobic wastewater treatmentK.Y .Show a ,D.J.Lee b ,*aFaculty of Science,Engineering &Technology,University Tunku Abdul Rahman,Jalan University,Bandar Barat,31900Kampar,Perak,MalaysiabDepartment of Chemical Engineering,National Taiwan University,Taipei 106,TaiwanReceived 24May 2008;accepted 28May 2008AbstractThe concept of carbon credit arose out of increasing awareness of the need to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to combat global warming which was formalized in the Kyoto Protocol.In addition to contribution to sustainable development with energy recovery in the form of methane,carbon credits can be claimed by application of advanced anaerobic processes in wastewater treatment for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.As anaerobic granular systems are capable of handling high organic loadings concomitant with high strength wastewater and short hydraulic retention time,they could render much more carbon credits than other conventional anaerobic systems.Granular anaerobic processes have become an attractive choice of treatment technology especially for high strength wastewaters,considering the fact that in addition to efﬁcient waste degradation,the carbon credits can be used to generate revenue and to ﬁnance the project.This paper presents a scenario on emission reduction based on a methane recovery and utilisation project.An example analysis on emission reduction and the future trend is also outlined.#2008Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.Published by Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.Keywords:Anaerobic granulation;Carbon credit;Certiﬁed emission reductions;Clean development mechanism;Methane1.IntroductionGlobal warming arising from unprecedented emissions of greenhouse gases presents the greatest test humans have ever faced.Increasing global concerns over diminishing crude oil reserve and greenhouse gas emission through combustion of fossil fuels have called for a need for alternative e of anaerobic processes for biofuel energy clearly ﬁt this need.Anaerobic granular systems are designed in wastewater treatment to maximize methane yield that would otherwise be fugitive which can either be used for energy or just be ﬂared off.The methane,a greenhouse gas,can be effectively reduced rendering great potential for the Clean Development Mechan-ism (CDM)initiatives under Kyoto Protocol.In a CDM program,‘carbon credit’represents the amount of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from an emission source.Carbon credits can be claimed by issuing Certiﬁed Emission Reductions (CERs)through advanced anaerobic wastewater treatment.In order to improve treatment efﬁciency and to claim carbon credits,existing aerobic and low-rate anaerobictreatment such as those open pond systems can be upgraded to anaerobic granular-sludge systems.Most chemical processes emit greenhouse gases (Chang et al .,2007;Chen et al .,2007;Chiou et al .,2006;Ghoneim and Aboul-Gheit,2007;Hacifazlioglu and Sutcu,2007;He et al .,2007;Hung and Rei,2007;Kasim et al .,2007;Kim et al .,2006;Li and Teng,2007;Lin and Shih,2006,2007;Ma et al .,2007;Matsuda et al .,2006;Monyanon et al .,2007;Otawara and Kitamura,2006;Sutcu,2007;Wang and Chen,2007;Wang and Liu,2007a,2007b;Wang et al .,2007;Wei et al .,2007;Wu and You,2007;Wu et al .,2006;Yao et al .,2007;Yeh,2007;Yu et al.,2007a,b,c ).A scenario on emission reduction based on a methane recovery and utilisation from a granular-sludge-based anaerobic treatment system is discussed in this paper.An example analysis on emission reductions based on the methane avoidance project is illustrated.2.Emission tradingEmission trading is a regulatory program that allows ﬁrms the ﬂexibility to select cost-effective solutions to achieve established environmental goals,which are required to reduce worldwide greenhouse gas emissions to below 1990levels.Solutions can be achieved by reducing emissions from a/locate/jciceAvailable online at Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 39(2008)557–562*Corresponding author.E-mail addresses:kyshow2003@.sg (K.Y .Show),djlee@.tw (D.J.Lee).0368-1653/$–see front matter #2008Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers.Published by Elsevier B.V .All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.jcice.2008.05.014discrete emission unit,by reducing emissions from another place within facility,and/or by purchase emission reductions from another facility.International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol set quotas on the amount of the greenhouse gases countries can produce over the commitment period from 2008to 2012.Countries,in turn,set quotas on the emissions of businesses.Emissions trading,as set out by the Kyoto Protocol,allows countries that have emission units to spare,namely emissions permitted to them but not used,may ‘‘bank’’them for use later,or may sell them to countries that are over their quotas.Thus,a new commodity was produced in the form of CERs or removals.Since carbon dioxide and methane are the principal greenhouse gases,emissions trading are simply of trading in carbon.For trading purposes,one credit is considered equivalent to 1tonne of carbon dioxide emissions.Carbon is now tracked and traded like any other commodity.In the ‘‘carbon market’’,CERs can be exchanged between businesses or bought and sold in international markets at the prevailing market prices.It is also possible for developed countries within the trading scheme to sponsor carbon projects that provide a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in other countries,as a way of generating CERs which can be applied to meeting their own emission targets.The Kyoto Protocol allows this through CDM and Joint Implementation projects,in order to provide ﬂexible mechanisms to aid regulated entities in meeting their compliance with their caps.The recipient countries beneﬁt from advanced technology transfer that allows their factories or plants to operate more efﬁciently,and hence at lower costs and higher proﬁts.The atmosphere beneﬁts because future emissions are lower than they would have been otherwise.The CDM will be overseen by an Executive Board that has already been established and has approved a series of methodologies for large-scale and small-scale projects.Most wastewater efﬂuent methane avoidance projects have activities that both reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and directly emit less than 60,000tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent per year,and thus are eligible for small-scale CDM projects.An emission analysis based on project activity involving the installation of a granular anaerobic system for the treatment of palm oil mill efﬂuent is illustrated in the following section.3.Emission calculationsA scenario on emission reduction based on a methane recovery and utilisation project is illustrated (Fig.1).The project activity involves the replacement of an existing open anaerobic lagoons palm oil mill efﬂuent treatment system with an enclosed anaerobic granular-sludge-based treatment plant.The biogas generated will be captured in the anaerobic enclosed tanks through a 3-phase separator as shown in Fig.2.The captured biogas will be utilised to replace the fossil fuels used in the steam boilers and/or thermal heaters.Excess biogas will be ﬂared.The existing treatment system is based on the most common treatment method adopted by the industry in Malaysia,which involves the application of deep open anaerobic lagoons followed by facultative/aerobic shallow ponds where methane generated is released to the atmosphere.The efﬂuent from the existing anaerobic lagoons is treated by the aerobic ponds to further reduce the organic pollutants to an acceptable concentration level before discharging to the waterways.The project activity contributes to greenhouse gas emission reduction by recovering the methane gas generated from the anaerobic granulation process,as well as utilising the biogas generated to displace fossil fuels for boilers and/or thermal heaters.Palm oil mill efﬂuent is ranked among the strongest industrial wastewater in terms of organic matter contents.Theyout of the systems before and after the CDM project.K.Y.Show,D.J.Lee /Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 39(2008)557–562558mill efﬂuent is characterised by very high organic matter contents derived from the organic fractions of the palm oil production process with an average biological oxygen demand (BOD)and chemical oxygen demand (COD)level of 25,000and 55,000mg/L,respectively.Most palm oil mills generate large volumes of mill efﬂuent.As a basis of the calculations,a total of 400m 3of palm oil mill efﬂuent will be generated daily in the mill.The existing open lagoon anaerobic treatment will reduce the COD from about 55,000mg/L to less than 10,000mg/L,and BOD from 25,000mg/L to less than 500mg/L,with the production of biogas comprising mainly methane (CH 4)and carbon dioxide (CO 2)and traces of hydrogen sulphide (H 2S).The biogas is emitted to the atmosphere.The open shallow lagoon aerobic treatment in the second stage will further reduce the BOD to less than 100mg/L to meet the regulatory requirements for watercourse discharge.The COD removal efﬁciency of the anaerobic granular-sludge-based treatment system is estimated to be 80–85%.The methane generation rate is assumed to be 0.25kg CH 4/kg COD converted,or a production rate of approximately 28m 3biogas per m 3mill efﬂuent is assumed.The closed-tank granular-sludge-based treatment system allows for complete recovery of methane produced.The biogas generated shows typically the following composition and concentration ranges:60–65%CH 4,39–34%CO 2,1500–3000ppm H 2S,and the balance making up of water vapour.The baseline emission calculations include the following aspects:baseline emissions,project emissions,leakage,and emission reductions for the project activity.3.1.Baseline emissionsBaseline emissions are the CH 4emissions from open lagoon wastewater treatment systems,the CO 2emissions associated with grid electricity generation that is replaced by the project,and the CO 2emissions associated with fossil fuel combustion in the heating equipment.3.1.1.Baseline emissions from open lagoonsThe baseline emissions from the lagoons are estimated based on the chemical oxygen demand (COD)of the efﬂuent that would enter the lagoon in the absence of the project activity,the maximum methane-producing capacity (MMC)and a methane conversion factor (MCF)that expresses what proportion of the efﬂuent would be anaerobically degraded in the open lagoons.The CH 4emissions from wastewater are calculated as follows:CH 4emissions ðkg =y Þ¼total COD available ðkg COD =y ÞÂMMC ðkg CH 4=kg COD ÞÂMCF baselinewhere,COD available ,is the yearly COD available for conversion which is equal to the yearly COD entering the lagoons or the yearly COD of efﬂuent entering the granular-sludge-based tanks in the case of project situation;MMC is the maximum methane-producing capacity;MCF baseline is the methane con-version factor (fraction).COD available is to be directly measured by the project as the baseline activity level since the efﬂuent that goes into the lagoon in the baseline situation is the same as the one that goes into the granular-sludge-based tank in the project situation.COD available is calculated as the product of COD concentration (kg COD/m 3)in the wastewater input to the granular-sludge-based tanks and the ﬂow rate.MCF baseline is estimated as 0.45considering the fraction of anaerobic degradation due to lagoon depth and the fraction of anaerobic degradation due to temperature.Calculations of methane baseline emissions from open lagoons are as follows:Total COD available¼55kg =m 3Â400m 3=d Â300d =y ¼6;600;600kg =y ðbased on a typical 300operation days per year ÞCH 4emissions ðkg =y Þ¼6;600;600kg =y Â0:21Â0:45¼623;700kg =yThe default value for MMC given by Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)for the maximum amount of CH 4that can be produced from a given quantity of wastewater is 0.25kg CH 4/kg COD.Taking into account the uncertainty of this estimate,a conservatively value of 0.21kg CH 4/kg COD2Fig.2.Conceptual drawing of the anaerobic granular-sludge-based reactor incorporating 3-phase separator.K.Y.Show,D.J.Lee /Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers 39(2008)557–562559is used.Emission reduction¼623;700Â21Â10À3¼13;083tCO2equivalent per year The total baseline CH4emission is translated into CO2 equivalent emissions by multiplying by its global warming potential(GWP)of21.3.1.2.Baseline emissions from grid electricity(or thermal)The baseline emissions from the grid electricity are the CO2 emissions associated with grid electricity generation that is replaced by the project,and the CO2emissions associated with fossil fuel combustion in the heating equipment.The emissions are estimated based on the quantity of thermal energy that would be consumed in a year at the project site in the absence of the project activity(MJ)using fossil fuel,and the CO2 emissions intensity for thermal energy generation.The baseline emissions from the grid electricity are calculated as follows:BE elec=heat¼HG BlÂCEF Bl;thermwhere HG Bl is the quantity of thermal energy that would be consumed in a year at the project site in the absence of the project activity(MJ)using fossil fuel;CEF Bl,therm is the CO2emission intensity for thermal energy generation(tCO2/MJ),assumed to be77.37tCO2/TJ oil based on IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,Reference Manual,1996.Assuming(i)negligible amount of electricity that would be consumed atthe project site in the absence of the project activity and (ii)export of electricity to the grid from electricity generation from methane capturedduringprojectactivity isnotintended.Calculations of electricity baseline emissions are as follows:Mass of CH4captured during project activity¼ð55À10Þkg=m3Â400m3=dÂ300d=yÂ0:21kg CH4=kg COD converted¼1;134;000kg=yAssuming a density of CH4of0.65kg/m3Volume of CH4captured¼1;134;000kg=y 0:65kg=m3¼1;744;615m3=y Assuming85%utilisation for steam generation,thermal energy that can be generated by the methane recovered through the project activity is calculated as follows: Volume of CH4produced and utilised=y¼1;744;615m3=y Â0:85Calorific value of CH4¼35:8MJ=m3Total thermal energy¼1;744;615Â0:85Â35:8¼53:09 TJ=yðtrillion joules per yearÞAs the methane recovered will displace the utilisation of the fossil fuel,the quantity of thermal energy for the generation of the same amount of steam using fossil fuel will be the same as that obtainable from methane recovered, assuming the same efﬁciency of the boiler for both types of fuel.The thermal baseline emissions from the grid electricity are calculated as follows:BE elec=heat¼HG BlÂCEF Bl;therm¼53:09TJ=yÂ77:37tCO2=TJ oil¼4108tCO2=yHenceTotal baseline emissions¼methane emissionsþthermal emissions¼13;083tCO2=yþ4108tCO2=y¼17;191tCO2=y3.2.Project emissionsProject emissions mainly consist of methane emissions from the lagoons,physical leakage from the digester system,stack emissions fromﬂaring and energy generating equipment, emissions related with the consumption of electricity in the digester auxiliary equipment,emissions from land application of sludge,and emissions from wastewater removed in the dewatering process.For this exercise,emissions from emission from heat use and electricity use due to the project activity, emissions from land application of sludge,and emissions from wastewater removed in the dewatering process are assumed to be negligible.3.2.1.Methane emissions from lagoonsAfter the majority of the COD is treated by anaerobic degradation in the granular-sludge-based tanks,the efﬂuent will pass through the aerobic ponds prior to discharge to the waterways.A signiﬁcant majority of the COD load will have been reduced by anaerobic degradation and the ponds are expected to operate under largely aerobic conditions.The MCF value for fully aerobic systems is assumed to be negligible,and no methane would be produced.However,due to the uncertainty regarding the exact extent of aerobic/anaerobic degradation after project implementation, the calculation of these CH4emissions is conservatively carried out in the same way as for the baseline,using the same values for MMC and MCF.CH4emissions from aerobic pondsðkg=yÞ¼COD granu outðkg COD=yÞÂMMCðkg CH4=kg CODÞÂMCF granu outwhere COD granu_out is COD of efﬂuent from the granular-sludge-based tanks entering lagoons;MMC is maximumK.Y.Show,D.J.Lee/Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers39(2008)557–562 560methane-producing capacity(0.21kg CH4/kg COD); MCF granu_out is methane conversion factor(fraction)esti-mated as described in the baseline section,equal to MCF baseline(0.45).COD granu out¼10kg=m3Â400m3=dÂ300d=y¼1;200;000kg=yCH4emissions¼1;200;000kg=yÂ0:21Â0:45¼113;400kg=yEmission reduction¼113;400Â21Â10À3¼2381tCO2=yðGWP¼21ÞThe total baseline CH4emission are translated into CO2equivalent emissions by multiplying by its GWP of 21.3.2.2.Physical leakage from granular-sludge-based tanksThe emissions directly associated with the anaerobic tanks involve the physical leakage from the system is assumed to be negligible.3.2.3.Stack emissions from theﬂare or energy generationMethane may be released as a result of incomplete combustion either in theﬂaring option or in case of biogas used for electricity and/or heat production.These emissions are calculated as follows.Assumptions made:Methane production=1,744,615m3/y(calculated)Fraction of biogas forﬂare=15%(estimation)Fraction of biogas for heating=85%(estimation)Fraction CH4released due to incompleteﬂare=0.50Density of CH4=0.65kg/m3CH4emission due to incomplete combustion during ﬂaring¼1;744;615Â15%Â0:65kg=m3Â0:50¼85;050kg=yAssuming combustion of biogas in boiler,similar as enclosedﬂare,at99%efﬁciency,CH4emission due to incomplete combustion during thermal energy genera-tion¼1;744;615Â85%Â0:65kg=m3Â0:01¼9639kg=yTotal emission due to incompleteﬂare and incomplete heat generation¼85;050þ9639¼94;689kgCH4=y¼1988tCO2emission=yðGWP¼21ÞCombining the above three emissions:Total project emissions¼2381þ0þ1988¼4369tCO2=y:3.3.Total emission reductionsTotal emission reductions¼baseline emissions from open lagoonsÀproject emissions¼17;191À4369¼12;822tCO2=yExpected emission reductions from theﬁrst5-year crediting period from2008to2012¼12;822Â5¼64;110tCO2Assuming a carbon trading price of US$5per tonne carbon dioxide,the total CERs claimed arising from the CDM project=64,110Â5=US$320,550.It is estimated that the proposed project activity requires an investment of about US$1.5millions for design,construction, equipment,installation and commissioning,with a reasonably attractive investment return period of less than5years.As application of the granular-sludge-based anaerobic technology is relatively new in most developing countries,there is no knownﬁnancial scheme from bank orﬁnancial institution to support such an activity.Preliminaryﬁnancial analysis has concluded that the proposed project activity is economically or ﬁnancially less attractive than other alternatives without the revenue from the sale of the CERs.The proposed CDM project activity on avoided methane emissions from organic waste-water treatment contributes to the reductions of anthropogenic emissions by sources below those that would have occurred in the absence of the CDM project.In addition,aﬁnancially more viable alternative to project activity is unlikely lead to any emission reduction.4.Future trendGlobal carbon emission trading has been steadily increasing in recent years.According to the World Bank’s Carbon Finance Unit,374million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent were exchanged through projects in2005,a240%increase relative to2004at110million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide, which was itself a41%increase relative to2003(78million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide).A sharp rise in the number of transactions in the emissions trading market brought the value of trades to about$64billion last year,says the World Bank in an annual review in2008(World Bank,2008).A study by New Carbon Finance(2008)revealed that the United States will be home to a US$1trillion carbon emission market by2020if federal and state policymakers continue on their current path towards a comprehensive‘‘cap-and-trade’’program that is conﬁned to domestic trading only.The current median price in early2008for US carbon credits is around6US$per metric tonne of carbon dioxide. Carbonpositive(2008)predicts a U.S.carbon price of US$ 35–40per tonne by2015.In May2008,CERs for delivery in December2008hovered around s16(US$25)on the NordK.Y.Show,D.J.Lee/Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers39(2008)557–562561Pool exchange,and s25(US$39)on EU Emission Trading Scheme market in Europe(Carbonpositive,2008).New insights into the anaerobic degradation of very different categories of compounds,and into process and reactor technology will lead to very promising new generations of anaerobic treatment systems.By integrating the anaerobic process with other biological methods such as aerobic lagoons and with physical–chemical methods(for example MBR),a complete treatment of the wastewater can be accomplished at very low costs,while at the same time valuable resources can be recovered for reuse.5.ConclusionsGreater efforts are now needed for broader applications of anaerobic granulation system for ridding the environment of unwanted organic materials by converting them into a renewable energy source—methane.Anaerobic granular systems can be designed in wastewater treatment to maximize methane yield. The methane can be effectively captured rendering great potential for CERs under the CDM initiatives.Looking at the prospects of carbon trading,it may not be an unreasonable expectation that,in the future,wastewater treatment will experience a global shift towards employment of highly efﬁcient granular-sludge-based anaerobic processes maximising energy production and greenhouse gas emission reductions. ReferencesChang,L.H.and C.M.J.Chang,‘‘Continuous Hot Pressurized Fluids Extraction of Isoﬂavones and Soyasaponins from Defatted Soybean Flakes,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,313(2007).Chen,C.R.,Y.N.Lee,C.M.J.Chang,M.R.Lee,and I.C.Wei,‘‘Hot-Pressurized Fluid Extraction of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Brazilian Propolis and Their Cytotoxic Assay In Vitro,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,191(2007).Chiou,C.S.,Y.H.Chen,C.Y.Chang,J.L.Shie,C.C.Liu,and C.T.Chang,‘‘Photochemical Oxidation of Polyethylene Glycol in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2with Steel Waste,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,37,321(2006). Ghoneim,S.A.and N.A.K.Aboul-Gheit,‘‘Effect of Steam Treatment on the Activities of Pt/NH4-MOR.Catalysts for n-Pentane Hydroisomerization and Hydrocracking,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,251(2007). Hacifazlioglu,H.and H.Sutcu,‘‘Optimization of Some Parameters in Column Flotation and a Comparison of Conventional Cell and Column Cell in Terms of Flotation Performance,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,287(2007). He,P.J.,F.Lu,L.M.Shao,X.J.Pan,and D.J.Lee,‘‘Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polysaccharide-Rich Particulates,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,21(2007).Hung,C.C.Y.and M.H.Rei,‘‘Constant Concentration Method of Measuring Hydrogen Permeation from a Hydrogen Mixture with Pd Membrane,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,341(2007).Kasim,N.S.,H.Chen,and Y.H.Ju,‘‘Recovery of Gamma-Oryzanol from Biodiesel Residue,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,229(2007). Kim,T.H.,H.Rupani,S.Pallavkar,J.Hopper,T.Ho,and C.J.Lin,‘‘Destruction of Toxic V olatile Organic Compounds(VOCs)in a Micro-wave-Assisted Catalyst Bed,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,37,519(2006). Li,P.S.and H.S.Teng,‘‘Electrodeposited Amorphous Iron(III)Oxides as Anodes for Photoelectrolysis of Water,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38, 267(2007).Lin,R.B.and S.M.Shih,‘‘Cyclic V oltammetric Measurement of Catalyst Surface Area for Pt-Black/Naﬁon Electrodes,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs., 37,311(2006).Lin,R.B.and S.M.Shih,‘‘Kinetics of Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction on Naﬁon-Coated Pt/C Electrodes under High Overpotentials,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,365(2007).Ma,Y.,X.F.Peng,and D.J.Lee,‘‘Stereological Estimation of Structural Change in Floc Matrix Following Weak Ultrasonication,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,275(2007).Matsuda,K.,K.Huang,M.Nakaiwa,T.Ohmori,A.Endo,T.Yamamoto,S.Kataoka,K.Iwakabe,T.Nakanishi,K.Kataoka,and T.Takamatsu,‘‘Simulation of Ternary Distillation in a Heat Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC)with a Rate-based Model,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,37,467 (2006).Monyanon,S.,S.Pongstabodee,and A.Luengnaruemitchai,‘‘Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over Pt,Au Monometallic Catalyst,and Pt–Au Bimetallic Catalyst Supported on Ceria in Hydrogen-rich Reformate,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,435(2007).New Carbon Finance,/viewarticle.aspx?articleID =98.http://www.newcarbonﬁ,May(2008).Otawara,K.and T.Kitamura,‘‘Comparison of a Belt-ﬁlter and Centrifuge in the Crystal Puriﬁcation Process with CDC(Cooling Disc Crystallizer)and KCP(Kureha Crystal Puriﬁer),’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,37,509 (2006).Sutcu,H.,‘‘Pyrolysis by Thermogravimetric Analysis of Blends of Peat with Coals of Different Characteristics and Biomass,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,245(2007).Wang,H.and H.Z.Chen,‘‘A Novel Method of Utilizing the Biomass Resource:Rapid Liquefaction of Wheat Straw and Preparation of Biode-gradable Polyurethane Foam(PUF),’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,95 (2007).Wang,M.L.and B.L.Liu,‘‘Synthesis of2-Mercaptobenzimidazole from the Reaction of o-Phenylene Diamine and Carbon Disulﬁde in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38, 161(2007a).Wang,M.L.and B.L.Liu,‘‘Homogeneous Catalyzed Reaction of Carbon Disulﬁde and o-Phenylene Diamine by Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide in the Presence of Potassium Hydroxide,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,85 (2007b).Wang,M.L.,B.L.Liu,and S.J.Lin,‘‘Synthesis of an Active Quaternary Phosphonium Salt and Its Application to the Wittig Reaction:Kinetic Study,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,451(2007).Wei,T.Y.,S.Y.Lu,and Y.C.Chang,‘‘Rich Photoluminescence Emission of SnO2–SiO2Composite Aerogels Prepared with a Co-Fed Precursor Sol–Gel Process,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,477(2007).World Bank,State and Trends of the Carbon Market2008,Carbon Finance Unit, World Bank Institute,Washington,DC,http://carbonﬁ/Router.cfm?Page=DocLib&CatalogID=40347.Wu,H.M.and J.H.You,‘‘Destruction of Methyl Ethyl Ketone Vapor by Ozone on Activated Carbon,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,117(2007). 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Yeh,H.M.,‘‘Recoveries of Deuterium from the Separation of Water–Isotope Mixture in Batch-Type Thermal Diffusion Columns under Unsteady-State Operation,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,495(2007).Yu,C.Y.,W.S.Liang,I.Kuan,C.H.Wei,and W.G.Gu,‘‘Fabrication and Characterization of a Flow-through PCR Device with Integrated Chromium Resistive Heaters,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,333(2007a).Yu,M.C.,R.C.Wang,C.Y.Wang,K.J.Duan,and D.C.Sheu,‘‘Enhanced Production of L(+)-Lactic Acid by Floc-Form Culture of Rhizopus Oryzae,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,223(2007b).Yu,W.Y.,W.S.Lee,C.P.Yang,and B.Z.Wan,‘‘Low-Temperature Preferential Oxidation of CO in a Hydrogen Rich Stream(PROX)over Au/TiO2:Thermodynamic Study and Effect of Gold–colloid pH Adjust-ment Time on Catalytic Activity,’’J.Chin.Inst.Chem.Engrs.,38,151 (2007c).K.Y.Show,D.J.Lee/Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers39(2008)557–562 562。

美国极酶哪里可以买到

美国极酶哪里可以买到
美国最新科技AFD皇级专利配方——极酶Neprinol，革命性的将多种活性溶解酶完美配比，不仅能够极速溶解和清除血栓、脂肪、胆固醇、纤维蛋白等各种血液垃圾，全面净化血液，而且其产品中专利配比的核心成分还能够靶向修复受损的血管壁和血管细胞，从而避免了血液中纤维蛋白、红细胞、血小板和白细胞等凝血物质的聚集，于根源处预防新血栓的形成，不给心脑梗阻留机会！
活性酶配方同步激活修复受损脑神经，帮助人体重建大脑系统功能，综合提升人体大脑各系统正常的功能，促进患者的痊愈。

美国亚瑟·安德鲁是一家集医药保健品的科技研发、技术推广应用、生产制造与全球性销售等主业为一体的全球医药保健行业公司。

是全世界酶制品领域中顶级的权威研制机构，是全美国65%泡腾片的生产供应商。

美国亚瑟·安德鲁致力于运用高科技手段来改善人生每个生命阶段的健康状况。

在人类健康营养、医疗产品的探索、开发和生产过程中，致力于设定品质、安全和价值标准。

美国亚瑟·安德鲁以其技术上无与伦比的产品，在心脑血管、内分泌、降血压、调节血脂，以及治疗心脏病、前列腺增生、骨关节炎、骨质疏松、肝病、男性保健等多个治疗领域方面均居世界领先地位。

美国极酶Neprinol 已经通过海关进口的方式进入中国大陆。

超微量分光光度计

超微量分光光度计集团企业公司编码：（LL3698-KKI1269-TM2483-LUI12689-ITT289-（伯赫）的Colib ri （科乐比）微量光度计（德国）单机操作:基于软件用户互动方式:触摸屏和按键预设程序:DNA,RNA,蛋白，细胞裂解物，UV-VIS数据输出形式:有数据有图表，宽度为112mm的打印输出显示屏:3.7”彩色触摸屏接口:3个USB端口额外的数据输入:鼠标或者键盘数据输出:USB存储盘，CSV格式的数据或者表格:光学参数:光路径:0.2mm和1mm两种可选:波长范围:20-850nm光源:氙闪灯光源检测器:2048像素阵列波长精确度:<1nm波长分辨率:3nm检测范围:0.02-75OD（等同于10mm光程时）检测准确度:(1.0OD/430nm)可以被测量。

样品添加的位点采用疏水环的设计，因此测量后，样品能被轻松擦掉或者回收。

高动态范围0.2和1mm两个光路径可选。

马达高精度的将样品室定位到设定的间隔距离。

对于某些程序，可设置为自动选择合适的光路径。

精确、可重复的测量和传统的设备相比，该设备的样品位为惰性材料制作，从而可以避免因液体蒸发而导致浓度上升或其他错误的结果。

不同于传统设备，它不需要对样品位表面做频繁的处理。

直观的触摸屏操作直观的彩色触摸屏界面，根据用户的喜好，程序可由按键输入，或者也可以连接计算机鼠标或者外置的键盘。

方便快捷的设置流程准备好样品后，打Colibri，不需要额外的PC,样品杯，也不需要连接任何其他设备。

全面的在线软件包每个项目的测读数据能够被保存，且随时可以被调用，设备配有2GB的可储存空蛋白质测量范围：0.1～100mg/ml(200,400可选,BSA)样品测量时间：?小于5秒仪器外形尺寸：?21cm×17cm×11cm仪器重量：???1.35kg凯奥的K5600超微量分光光度计光程：????1mm、0.2mm(0.1、0.05可选)样品体积要求：0.3～2μL光源：????氙灯检测器：???2048-元素线性硅化CCD阵列波长范围：??200～850nm比色皿规格（光程):1mm,2mm,5mm,10mm波长精度：???±1nm波长分辨率：??2nm(FWHMatHg546nm)吸光率精确度：?0.002Abs吸光率准确度：?1%(0.76吸光率在350nm)吸光率范围：??0.002～75(150,300可选,等效于10mm)核酸测量范围：?0.4～3750ng/μl(7500,15000可选,dsDNA)蛋白质测量范围：0.01～100mg/ml(200,400可选,BSA)样品测量时间：???小于5秒仪器外形尺寸：???24cm×21cm×11cm仪器重量：???????1.92kg样品用量少（0.3～2μL）！使用比色皿或检测平台两种测量形式！紫外-可见全波长扫描（200～850nm）！无需预热，可随时检测！检测速度快！直接显示浓度值！样品无需稀释，可测样品的浓度范围是常规紫外-可见分光光计的200倍！数据统计软件方便容易掌握！德国IMPLE N超微量分光光度计1、NP80、NP80?Touch、NP80Mobile----同时具备微量和常规分光光度计功能。

GM 缩写术语解释(英文)

Acronym DefinitionP ParkP PendingP PhosphorusP&A Parts & AccessoriesP&P Policy & ProceduresP&W Policy & WarrantyP.K. Setup Checking the fit-up of detail parts by assembling a complete body-in-white with screws or rivets.P/E Price / Earnings (ratio to gage stock performance)P-CR Piezo-Actuated Common RailP/MI CI Production / Manufacturing Integration Continuous ImprovementP/N Part Number.P/PD Product/Process DevelopmentP/PDP Product/Process Development ProcessP/PDS Product/Process Definition StageP/T Powertrain.P/U Pick Up.P/UBX Pick Up Box.P4P Pay For PerformancePa pascal: A unit of pressure corresponding to a force of 1 newton acting uniformly upon an area of 1 square meter. Hence 1 Pa = 1N/M2PA Park Avenue.PA Passenger Automobiles.PA Product Assurance.PA Production Achievement.PA Production Approval.PA Program AuthorizationPA Project Authorization.PA Purchase Authorization.PA Purchasing Agent.PAA Production Action Authorization (An official document used to authorize a temporary substitution, try out new parts or materials, rework existing parts, or use up excess orobsolete-stock that will be good for a limited number of pieces or a specific time period.) PAA Programmable Analog ArrayPABX Private Automatic Branch ExchangePAC Perceptual Audio Coder (Lucent encode / decode method for broadcast transmission / reception)PAC Performance Assessment Committee.PACE Program Assessment & Control EnvironmentPACS Program Assurance Control System.PACX Private Automatic Communication eXchangePAD Packet Assembly – DisassemblyPAD Personnel Administration & DevelopmentPAD Product Assembly DrawingPAD Product Assembly Document. Provides assembly plants with a written set of instructions and graphic illustrations of production operations to be performed on a given GM platform. Thisincludes the production parts required, their specific usage by model, style and optionconditions. A graphic Illustration depicting the operations and those procedures, and stepsand instructions required to assemble, install or adjust parts. also PDM.PAD Public Announcement Date.PAFC Phosphoric Acid Fuel CellPAG Programmable Automatic GagePAI Product Assurance InitiativePAIC Part Assessment & Information ControlPAIR Pulse Air Injection Reactor.PAL Pedagogic (for teaching) Algorithmic LanguagePAL Phase Alternation LinePAL Programmable Array LogicPAM Pulse Amplitude ModulationPAN Project Authorization Notice. A document issued by a vehicle platform to advise the design / release engineers of approved changes to a vehicle program.PAP Performance Achievement PlanPAPIR Powertrain Architecture Process Integration Review.PAPIR Product and Process Integration ReviewPAR Pilot Action Request.PAR Product Allegation Resolution. Part of CARS.PAR Police Accident ReportPar Tech Parts Technical groups (for inquiries on engineering or parts specifications.)PARC Production Area Record CenterPARD Periodic And Random DeviationPARIS Planning & Release Information System.Parms Parameters (an abbreviation)PARR Product Allegation Resolution Report.PARTS Part Readiness Tracking System.PAS Parking Assistance System.PAS Performance Algorithm ShiftingPAS Peripheral Acceleration Sensor (Bosch)PASCOM Product Announcement Strategy Committee.PASDS Power & Signal Distribution SystemPASER Particle Stream Erosion.Pass Passenger (an abbreviation)PASS PDIS Augmented Specification System (Canada)PASS Personalized Automotive Security System.PASS Proposal Assessment Study System.PATAC Pan Asian Technical Automotive CenterPATH Program on Advanced Technology for the HighwayPATP Patents & Technical PublicityPATS Parts Approval Tracking SystemPAV Pyrotechnically Actuated VentingPb Lead (Plumbium)PB Power Brakes.PBCR Preliminary BOM Change Request (Report)PBGA Plastic Ball Grid ArrayPBL Pickup Box, LongPBOM Preliminary Bill of MaterialsPBPCI Passive Backplane PCIPBS Personal Benefit SummaryPBS Pickup Box, ShortPBV Purpose Built VehiclesPBX Private Branch's eXchangePC Personal Computer.PC Plant ConcernsPC PolycarbonatePC Pressure Control (solenoid valve).PC Printed CircuitPC Product Characteristic.PC Product CostPC Programmable Controls or Controller.PC Problem Communication. An electronic network for documenting and reporting an unacceptable product build condition. When an approved PC is entered at any location, it iselectronically transmitted to the specific area and individual responsible for providing thenecessary corrective action. When a solution has been developed and approved, it iscommunicated to the reporting location via the PC network.PC&L Production, Control and Logistics. The engineering group responsible for ensuring smooth flow of needed material (physical and information). (refer to EPC&L).PC&S Production Control & Scheduling.PC/CODE Part Classification Code.PC/TCP Personal Computer / Transmission Control ProtocolPCA Product(ion) Compliance Audit.PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl (waste oil residue)PCB Printed Circuit Board.PCC Paper Color Code.PCC Pontiac Centerpoint Campus (formerly TPC, Truck Product Center)PCC Powertrain Controls Center.PCC-c Pontiac Centerpoint Campus - Central (building)PCC-e Pontiac Centerpoint Campus – East (building)PCC-w Pontiac Centerpoint Campus – West (building)PCD Product Content DocumentPCDR Performance & Cost Detail ReportPCE Preliminary Cost Estimate.PCG Product Content Group.PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect (or Interface). PC bus that normally runs at 33 MHz on a 32-bit bus, but the specification allows for 64-bit and 66MHz operation that provides up to532MB per second.PCI Process Control InstructionsPCICN Piece Cost & Investment Change NoticePCIF Printed Circuit Interconnection FederationPCIT Piece Cost and Investment TrackingPCL Printer Control LanguagePCLL Product Compliance Legal Liaison.PCM Part Change Management (Saturn Service Parts)PCM Power Control ModulePCM Powertrain Control Module.PCM Program Content Monitor.PCM Program Control Module.PCM Propulsion Control Module.PCM Pulse Code ModulationPCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International (or Industry) Association.PCME Powertrain Control Module, EnginePCMIA People Can't Memorize Computer Industry AcronymsPCMT Powertrain Control Module, TransmissionPCN Personal Communications NetworkPCN Product (or Program) Change Notice.PCO Program Content & Objectives.PCP Performance Characterization ParametersPCP Process Control Plan.PCPA process control plan auditPCP Production Control PlanPCP Product Certification ProcessPCP Product Change Proposal.PCP Product Compliance Program (of GM), a.k.a. GMPCP.PCR Plan Change RequestPCR Process Change Request.PCR Product Change RequestPCR Product Change Request. Document used to change or modify the Corporate Product Plan between annual product plan approvals.PCS Personal Communication SystemPCS Pressure Control Solenoid.PCS Problem Communication SystemPCS Process Capability StudyPCS Product Content Sheet (defines vehicle content which generates an MCS.)PCSD President’s Council On Sustainable DevelopmentPCSE Powertrain Controls Service Engineering.PCU Power Control Unit.PCV Passenger Car VehiclePCV Positive Crankcase Ventilation.PCV Pressure Control Valve.Pd PalladiumPD Passenger Distribution.PD Problem Documentation.PD Production DesignPDA Personal Digital Assistant. Generally, small, hand-held, battery-operated, microprocessor-based devices that perform operations such as: Store telephone numbers, addresses, andreminders, Send and receive email and faxes (wirelessly), Receive pages (just like analphanumeric pager) .PDA Port De-ActivationPDA Preliminary Design ApproachPDB Platform Database.PDC Parts Distribution Center (Warehouse for GM Parts distribution)PDC Portfolio Development Center. Part of the NAO Design and Engineering Centers charged with providing advanced vehicle engineering for product portfolio planning and vehiclearchitecture definition. Develops integrated vehicle proposals, rationalized with the portfolioto improve and accelerate the vehicle launch process.PDCA Plan, Do, Check, Act; the basic philosophy behind the Engineering Management Process as developed by Deming over the first few years of his career; PLAN defines the systemthrough a set of objectives, and a strategy. The DO portion is the actual design of the partsto execute the vehicle and the tools and processes required to build the parts and cars. TheCHECK element of the cycle is the VALIDATION of the paper car and process, the productand the process. The ACT relates to continuous improvement where improvements arebased on the results of needs identified in the CHECK.PDCR Product Design Compliance ReportsPDCS Pulsat Dealer Communication System.PDD Parametric Die DesignPDD Product Definition DocumentPDD Product Description Department.PDES Product Data Exchange System (or Specification).PDES Product Data Exchange using STEP. Industrial consortium formed to expedite development of standards to be used in the exchange of product data (See IPO).PDF Portable Document FormatPDF Problem Definition Form.PDF Problem Description Form.PDG Product Description Group.PDI Pre Delivery InspectionPDI Preliminary Data IndicatorPDIF Pressure DIFferential.PDIP Plastic Dual In-Line PinPDIS Product Description Information System.PDIS Product Description Information Standard. A corporate standard used to transmitengineering specification data to other departments and divisions within General Motors. PDIT Product Design Improvement Team.PDIT Product Development & Improvement TeamPDIT Product Development Information Team.PDIT Product Development Integration Team.PDIT Program Development Integration Team.PDL Park & Directional LampPDL Process Description LanguagePDL Program Description LanguagePDL Program Development Library (A collection of GRIP and UFUNC programs from many of the organizations within GM.)PDM Passenger Door ModulePDM Product Data Management (GM's customized version of IMAN supporting a common process for managing product data.)PDM Product Data ManagerPDM Product Description Manual.PDM Pulse Duration Modulation.PDMS Product Data Management SystemPDN Product Discrepancy Notice.PDP Personal Development Plan.PDP Plant Data ProcessorPDP Powertrain Development Process. The common process within GM Powertrain for work directed toward bringing a quality product to market. The current PDP process used withinPowertrain is called 4 PDP. Being replaced by GPDP.PDP Process Development ProcessPDP Product Development ProcessPDQ Portage Double Quick, Inc. (An electronic machine used to pick points from the clay model.) PDQ Pretty Darn QuickPDR Parts Determination and ReleasePDR Physician's Desk ReferencePDR Preliminary Design ReviewPDRE Process Design Responsible EngineerPDS Passenger Door SwitchPDS Pre-Delivery Survey.PDS Product Description System. The corporate engineering specification system for program content. (See GPDS)PDS Proximity Detection SystemPDS Purchase and Delivery Satisfaction. A survey provided to owners of a new GM product for evaluating their purchase experience.PDT Product Delivery Team (as defined by ATV). The team role is to deliver a product and production system with high quality, within budget and on time. Responsibilities of the PDTare to have a clear understanding and agreement on functional requirements from SSTS,MTS & MMTS. Assure requirements of SSTS, MTS & MMTS are covered in a CTS.Manage initial release of and subsequent changes to all components. Manage financialanalysis (piece price & investment) and changes to meet or exceed business casecommitments. Source all components with qualified suppliers. Meet program timingmilestones. Ensure validation of components to CTS. Understand and implement TotalQuality Plan. Execute detailed manufacturing process. Respond to needs of build teams tosupport concept, prototype, pilot and production builds. Benchmark competitors.Documentation and change control of CTS’s.PDT Product Design TeamPDT Product Development Team. Function: generate designs which achieve targets.Responsibilities: Achieve targets allocated from PMT, negotiate proposed targetchanges/requirements with PMT, report status of targets to PMT on a regular basis, developan activity schedule by SIM Council and report issues, provide cross-functional evaluation ofalternatives to meet requirements and imperatives, assist in early source definition andprovide required sourcing packages, track the status of imperatives and performanceobjectives, track and control design changes, promote use of common systems/processes,assure Quality/Cost/Warranty/HPV goals for Non-GMT and GMX programs are achieved,Assure plant build concerns are resolved, assure KCD’s/KPC’s DFM/DFA are executedappropriately, assure generation of Subsystem and Component Technical Specs, assurefunctional representation at meetings as appropriate, publish meeting minutes and maintainPDT closed-loop action item/concerns log.PDT Program Development Team.PDU Protocol Data UnitPDW Process Development WallPE Packard Electric. See PED.PE PolyethylenePE Power EnrichmentPE Power EquivalentPE Price to Earnings. (normally written as P/E).PE Process EngineerPE Product Engineer(ing)PE Professional EngineerPEA Pontiac East AssemblyPEA Production Engineering Activity.PEAM Portable Electronic Airflow MachinePEB Power Electronics Bay.PEC Portfolio Engineering Center.PEC Pontiac Engineering CenterPECL Positive Emitter Coupled LogicPECT Program Execution Core TeamPED Packard Electric Division. Part of ACG.PED Process Engineering DocumentPED Product Engineering DepartmentPED Production Engineering Department.PED Production Engineering Documents.PED Program Engineering Director. This position is/was known as TVIE. PET member.PEDD Production Engineering Die DesignPEFC Polymer Electrolyte Fuel CellPEM Production Engineering Manual.PEM Program Engineering Manager. This position is/was known as TVIE. PET member. PEMFC Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel CellsPEP Product Evaluation Program (vehicle).PEPE Product Engineering Program ExecutionPER PersonnelPER Personnel Evaluation ReportPER Planning Experimental Records.PER Procedure Execution RequestPerf Performance (an abbreviation)PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language. A computer language used for scanning text and creating reports.PERT Planning Evaluation & Review Technique (ala PERT chart)PERT Program Evaluation and Review Technique. A computer code to detail project planning and monitoring.PEST Propulsion & Electrical Systems Team.PET Powertrain/Engine/TransmissionPET Product Education & TrainingPET Product Evaluation Team.PET Product, Education and Training Committee. The PET Committee consists of the five Marketing Divisions (includes the Dealer Business Center) (voting members), Allied Divisions(i.e. GM of Canada, Delphi Automotive Systems, Delco Electronics, GM Powertrain, ACDelco-SPO), TCO, STD, and other GM groups with an interest in knowing about orinfluencing technician training (i.e. STG Product Engineering, STG International Service).The committee is chaired by the STD Manager. The PET Committee provides a singlesource of service training plans for General Motors. All groups with a service trainingmessage to convey to Dealers should notify the Committee. In this way, economies of scaleare realized and redundant efforts minimized.PET Program Evaluation Team.PET Program Execution Team. Responsibilities are to: develop “Contract”, act as a single point of entry for assessing all program content and change requests, balance new product andprocess feature content to meet “Contract” (cost, quality, and productivity), resolve programcontent issues, keep program imperatives on track, prepare gate reviews, provide programreadiness coordination, achieve “Contract”, monitor customer satisfaction, use commonprocesses. Deliverables are: the “Contract”, documentation for action items and contentdecisions, recommendations to VLT-problem resolution recommendation and mechanics.Typical attendees include: Program Planning Manager/Asst. VLE (Chair), Program Manager(Agenda/Logistics), Finance, Vehicle Integration Engineer, Manufacturing IntegrationEngineer, Purchasing/PC&L, Quality, Manufacturing, Assistant Brand Managers - Product,International Product Development Manager, Design Center (As Required). Typical meetingcontent involves: vehicle and process integration review issues, monitor program progressthrough rigorous tracking, performance to “Contract”, content changes.PET Program Executive Team.PETC Product, Education & Training CommitteePETCM Powertrain Engine Transmission Control ModulePEU Power Electronic UnitPF Polyurethane FoamPF Power FactorPF Program Function [keys]PFA Pedestrian Federation of AmericaPFC Programmable Function Control.PFD Process Flow Diagram.PFEP Plan For Every PartPFI Port Fuel Injection.PFM Product Focus ManagerPFMA Process Failure Mode Analysis.PFMEA Process Failure Mode & Effects Analysis.PFMS Performance Feedback Measurement System.PFP Pay For PerformancePFSE Product Focus Support EngineerPFSSA Plant Floor Systems Service Agreement (between GM and EDS regarding plant floor Intranet systems services)PFT Product Focus Team.PG Proving Ground.PGA Pin Grid ArrayPGA Professional Graphics AdapterPGA Programmable Gate ArrayPGM Program ManagementPGR Policy Group Review.PGS Prime Graphics SystemPhn Phone (an abbreviation)PHT Parallel Hybrid Truck; one type of an Advanced Technology Vehicle.PHUD Parallel Hybrid Ultra-low-noise DetectorPI Preliminary Information.PI Priority Indicator.PIA Parts in Assembly.PIA Performance Integration AreasPIA Peripheral Interface Adapter.PIA Purchasing in Assembly.PIAD Plastics in Automotive Division (Specification)PIC Peripheral Integrated Circuit (Bosch)PIC Powertrain Information Converter.PIC Product Information CenterPICD Product Interface Control DocumentPICOS Purchased Input Concept Optimization With Supplier. Term used to describe process improvement at supplier plant.PICOS Purchasing Input Cost Optimization for SuppliersPICS Partners in Customer SatisfactionPID Primary Identifier (C2C)PID Purchase Identifier (ALB/UNIT)PID Parameter Identifier (or Identification).PIG Product Information Group.PIM Performance Integration Manager.PIM Power Inverter ModulePIM Product(ion) Information Management. A term applied to the topic of managing product data in a computer environment.PIM Program Implementation Managers.PIM Propulsion Inverter Module.PIMREP Project Incident Monitoring and Resolution Process. GMNA’s common issue solving tool to support the Issue Solving Process, to promote a common review process, and to ease data. PIMS Product Information Management System.PIN Personal Identification Number.PING Packet Inter Net Gopher (Part of the standard TCP/IP suite of protocols that allows you to check your connectivity with other devices, or to check whether your own TCP/IP stack isworking properly. Normally, you type in something like "ping 206.119.148.38," and you eitherget a response from that IP address or not.)PIO Powertrain Computer Input/Output.PIP Performance Improvement PlanPIPS Product in Process SimulatorPIT Performance Integration Team. Functions to provide leadership to the PMTs and PDTs and integrate and achieve total vehicle performance goals.PIT Process Improvement Team.PIW Product/Process Integration Wall.Pixel Picture ElementPJJ Toyota J-car (vehicle name).PKT Packet Data (C2C)PL/1Programming Language / 1 (IBM)PLA Project Labor Agreement.PLA Product Life Assessment.PLA Programmable Logic ArrayPLB Process Leadership BoardPLC Programmable Logic ControllerPLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (External connections consist of "J" leads around all four sides of the surface mount package.)PLCP Pre-Launch Control PlanPLD Part Locating DimensionPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLE Product Line Executive (replaced by Program Manager)PLEB Preloaded Enclosed Bushing.PLL Phase Locked Loop.PLM Plant Liaison ManagerPLP Principal Locating Points (for assembly fixture).PLP Production Launch Process.PLS Process Level Suffix.PLS Product Level SuffixPLT Planning Leadership TeamPLT Program Leadership Team.PLYRAT Residual Alignment Torque (tire measurement).PLZT Lead (Plumbium) Lanthanum Zirconte TitantePm PromethiumPM Particulate Matter. Pollution substance from diesel engine/fuelPM Performance MeasurementPM Phase MarginPM Phase ModulationPM Photo MultiplierPM Post MeridiemPM Preventative MaintenancePM Program ManagementPMC Process Monitoring and CompliancePMC Purchasing Material Control.PMCS Production & Manufacturing Control SystemPMFS Performance Measurement and Feedback System. Seven measures of NAO’s health; i.e.people development, product initiation, operations, marketing, sales and service, employeesatisfaction, retail customer satisfaction and shareholder satisfaction.PMI Process Modeling & Integration. The GM PMI Tool provides computer generation on the Top Flow Down chart. PMI Turbo consists of a set of Macros for Microsoft Word Version 6.0 thatautomate the creation of PMI Models. PMI97 Turbo consists of a set of Macros forMicrosoft Word Version 7.0.PMI Product / Manufacturing Implementation.PML Product Manufacturing LocationPMM Power Mode MasterPMM Process Management Methodology.PMM Program Manufacturing Manager.PMM Power Mode Master.PMO Program Management Office.PMOS Positive channel Metal Oxide SemiconductorPMP Performance Management Program (or Process or Plan)PMP Process Monitoring Point.PMP Program Management Plan.PMP Project Management Process. The common process for setting objectives, will be the same for all executives worldwide and all classified employees in the GMNA region (excludingMexico).PMQH toyota J-car (vehicle name).PMR Product (or Program) Manufacturability Requirements.PMs Performance MeasuresPMS Powertrain Management SystemPMS Payment Modification SystemPMS Production Material Scheduling.PMT Program Management TeamPMT Prototype Management Team.PMT Product Management Team. (in some departments, replaced by PFT)PMV Pressure Modulator Valve.PN Part NumberPNA Part Name.PNA Parts 'N Accessories (New or manufactured automotive Parts and Accessories marketed by GM Parts. Also P&A)PNC Part Number Control.PNC Pontiac North Campus (consists of GM Powertrain Headquarters and Pontiac Metal Center) PNG Pinion & Ring Gear.PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of VehiclesPNNL Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryPNP Park/Neutral Position.PNP Positive – Negative – Positive (type of transistor)PNSI Part Number Stocking Incentive (This incentive is based on part numbers stocked. Qualified dealers receive their PNSI rebate on a monthly basis.PO Paint Operations.PO Purchase Order. A document issued in response to an approved purchase requisition.POA Part of AssemblyPOA Purchase Order Alteration.POC Price Of Conformance.POC Proof Of Concept.POD Proof of Design.PODS Passive Occupant Detection System (supports the production order management and scheduling functions for all GM North American produced passenger car and light dutytrucks. This system simplifies the counting of forecasted orders for tool and productionplanning. The output of this system is in model code volumes.)POF Physics of FailurePOGEN Purchase Order Generation System-DelcoPOM Pulse-width-modulated Output ModulePOMS Product Order Management & Scheduling (System found within TSO that is used to determine whether a vehicle is buildable, based on available engineering specifications.) POMS Production Order Management System.PONC Price Of Non-Conformance.POP Pay on Production. A system where suppliers are paid for production material based on the customer's usage records, rather than physical receipt of the material.POP Personal Operating Principles.POP Point of Purchase.POP Post Office Protocol (The way e-mail software such as Eudora gets mail from a mail server.) POP Promote Our Products.POP Point of Presence. POP is a service provider's location for connecting to users. Generally, POP refer to the location where people can dial into the provider's host computer. Mostproviders have several POPs to allow low-cost access via telephone lines. .POPA Part of Production Assembly. Used on component parts that will not be serviced individually, but will be serviced using a production assembly.POR Power-On Reset.Pos Position (an abbreviation)POS Physics of SuccessPOS Point of SalesPOSA Part of Service Assembly. Used on component parts that will not be serviced individually, but will be serviced using a service assembly.POST Point of Sale Terminal.POSU Part of Service Unit, Kit. Used on parts (usually components) that will not be serviced individually, but will be serviced using a service unit or kit.POTS Plain Old Telephone SystemPOV Privately Owned VehiclePOX Partial OxidationPP Percentage PointPP PolypropylenePP Ported Purge.PP Program PlansPP&E Property, Plant, and Equipment. Capital investment or capital expenditures.PP&T Production Planning & Tooling.PPA Property Pass Administrator.PPAA Pre-Production Action AuthorizationPPAH Parallel Power Assist HybridPPAP Production Part Approval Process (formerly GP3). PPAP is a general procedure for “Supplier Submission of Material for Production Approval” included in “Targets for Excellence”. The process used to determine if all customer requirements are met by a supplier and ifthe process has the potential to produce product meeting these requirements on aproduction basis.PPB Program Plan Book.PPC Prestressed Piezoelectric Composites (Devices with ability to provide inordinately large mechanical output displacements, as high as 40 to 50 times the thickness of the deviceitself.)PPC Product Policy Committee.PPC Product Program Content. (Formally Plan Book) .PPC Production Possibilities CurvePPC Public Policy CommitteePPCO Project Plan Change Order.PPD Passenger Presence DetectionPPD Pilot Process Document.PPD Portfolio Planning DirectorPPD Price & Production Deviation.PPD Program Planning Director. The Program Planning Director / Manager acts as the “Chief of Staff” and is responsible for managing the activities of the Vehicle Line Team. The PPD /PPM is supported by a staff consisting of: Vehicle Manager(s), Assistant VehicleManager(s), Assistant Vehicle Timing Manager(s), Vehicle Team Analyst(s).PPDP Performance Planning and Development Process (Personnel Department blue sheet). PPDP Personal Performance Development PlanPPDR Product Planning & Design ReviewPPEC Product and Process Engineering CenterPPEC Product Problem Evaluation Committee.PPEI Platform/Powertrain Electrical Interface.PPG Pittsburgh Plate Glass.PPG Product Policy Group. Corporate group containing the chairman of the board and other chief executives. This group reviews and provides concept approval and final approval for everyGM program.。

厦门市商务局关于美国企业对涉华特定高密度光纤设备及其组件提起337调查申请的通告

厦门市商务局关于美国企业对涉华特定高密度光纤设备及其组件提起337调查申请的通告文章属性•【制定机关】厦门市商务局•【公布日期】2020.03.03•【字号】•【施行日期】2020.03.03•【效力等级】地方规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】商务综合规定正文厦门市商务局关于美国企业对涉华特定高密度光纤设备及其组件提起337调查申请的通告2020年2月24日，美国Corning Optical Communications LLC根据《美国1930年关税法》第337节规定向美国际贸易委员会提出申请，主张对美出口、在美进口及销售的特定高密度光纤设备及其组件（High-Density Fiber Optic Equipment and ComponentsThereof）侵犯了其专利权。

美国AFL Telecommunication Holdings LLC, d/b/a AFL,Duncan, SC、美国 Inc., New Castle, DE、瑞士Huber+Suhner AG, Switzerland、美国Huber+Suhner, Inc., Charlotte, NC、美国Legrand North America, LLC, West Hartford, CT、美国Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc., Melville, NY、美国Panduit Corporation, Tinley, IL、中国上海Shanghai TARLUZ Telecom Tech. Co., Ltd., d/b/aTARLUZ, China上海态路通信技术有限公司、中国广东Shenzhen Anfkom Telecom Co., Ltd., d/b/a AnfkomTelecom, China、加拿大The LAN Wirewerks Research Laboratories Inc., d/b/aWirewerks, Can ada、美国The Siemon Company, Watertown, CT、美国Total Cable Solutions, Inc., Springboro, OH、中国广东Wulei Technology Co., Ltd., d/b/a Bonelinks, China为列名被告。

Armstrong 术语中英对照

―fail safe‖ to cold water―Feature Code‖ References―out of range‖ system failure―U‖ stampsa complete failurea differential pressure diaphragm actuated mixing unita power failurea pumped recirculationa significant pressure reductiona single-temperature locking seta thermal-shutdown featurea top outleta unique feed forward designa water seala wide range of sizesAbbott reported many Watson-McDaniel trap failures detected by AIM. They are currently replacing with Armstrong IB traps. Additionally, Abbott plans to monitor all (650) traps in facility, purchasing (75 - 100) AIM ST5700 devices over next 5 years.ability to purge systemabsolute pressureaccessories optionsaccessoryaccumulateAccumulation Chamberaccuracy and to provide redundancy in case of individual thermostatAccurate control of blended water drawn from the systemaccurate water temperaturesActivated in error modeactual gravityActuateactuatoractuator stemADAM (Armstrong Digital Account Management)Adaptable to High Ambient Temperatureadjustable maximum temperature limitAdjustable Single Temperature lockoutadjusting the mix of steam and wateradjustment keyAdministratorsAFHAFTaftercoolerAII – T.R.AIMair and CO2 venting at steam temperatureair changeAir CompressorAir Dryerair filter regulatorsair flowAir Handler Unitair handling systemair lineair loadAir LossAir MainAir Motiveair movementair must be introduced into the systemair or inert gasAir Pressureair separatorair streamair supply pressureair systemAir Temperatureair to closeair to openAir valveAir Velocityair ventairstreamAll dimensions and weights are approximate. Use certified print for exact dimensions. Design and materials are subject to change without notice.allen boltAllowable Pressureallowing no condensate backupAlternate ChoiceAluminum Flataluminum KeyfinAmbient Sensing Isolation Valveambient temperatureAmerican Chemical SocietyAmerican Gas AssociationAmerican National Standards InstituteAmerican Petroleum InstituteANCAncillaryanimationANTI-NOISE TRIMAntI-theft devicesapplicable lawaquastatArmey SteamstrongArmstrong Brand PromiseArmstrong coilsArmstrong Condensate Management GroupArmstrong core valuesArmstrong Flo-Rite-Temp Instantaneous Steam/Water Heater pre-piped packages Armstrong Flo-Rite-Temp® Instantaneous SteamArmstrong Global HoldingsArmstrong Heat Transfer GroupArmstrong hot and cold water hose stationsArmstrong Hot Water Equipment Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.Armstrong Hot Water GroupArmstrong Humidification GroupArmstrong HumidiPackArmstrong Intelligent MonitoringArmstrong InternationalArmstrong International - S.E. AsiaArmstrong International Italiana S.r.l.Armstrong International Korea Co., Ltd.Armstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Mexico S de RL de CVArmstrong International Private LimitedArmstrong International S.A.Armstrong inverted bucket trapArmstrong Machinery (China) Co. LtdArmstrong Machinery (China) Co.,Ltd.Armstrong ModelArmstrong Pressure/Temperature Control GroupArmstrong PromiseArmstrong provides intelligent system solutions that improve utility performance, lower energy consumption, and reduce environment emissions while providing an "enjoyable experience." Armstrong representativeArmstrong SeriesArmstrong ServiceArmstrong Service France SAArmstrong Single Temperature Hose Stations Armstrong Smart Services GroupArmstrong SolutionArmstrong Steam and Condensate GroupArmstrong Sustainability BrochureArmstrong Unfired Steam GeneratorArmstrong‘s engineered condensate trap/pump packages Armstrong‘s engineered condensate pump trap packages Armstrong‘s engineered XXXArmstrong-Cool Fog SystemAsbestos-freeASIASME pumps and receiversASME Sec.ASSEassembled on a compact common base-plateassure maximum efficiencyASTM A216 WCBASTM A351 Gr.ASTM A48 classatmospheric pressureatomize wateraudible alarmAutomatic air ventingAutomatic Differential Condensate ControllerAutomatic shutoff of hot water flowautomatic water softenerAutomation Research CorporationAvailable in a wide range of sizesavailable upon requestback pressureBaked Enamelbalance valveBALANCED TRIMBalancing Valveball float drain trapball valveball valves cross-linked by a stainless steelBall-Type Flow Indicatorsbare pipe heatingbargBASBDbe compliant with ASSE Standardbe supplied pre-plumbed and pressure testedbe supplied pre-wiredbellowsbellows sealBellows sealedBellows Sealed Globe ValvesBENCH SETbimetallicbimetallic elementbimetallic mechanismBimetallic Steam TrapBimetallic Trapbleedblendblended waterblind flangesblowdownblowdown connectionblowdown rateblowdown valveblowerbodyBody and Capbody fits in tight spacesBody Materialbody materialboilerBoiler Blowdown Heat RecoveryBoiler Blowdown Recoveryboiler efficiencyboiler feedBoiler Forced Draft Fansboiler headerBoiler HouseBoiler side recirculating pumpBoiler side recirculating pump to supply the heat exchanger Boiler water conductivityBoiler Water to Water Instantaneous Water Heaters boiling pointboltBolt Assemblybonnetboronizedboth peakBottom Inletbottom outletBottom to C InletBranch LineBranch Welding Fittingbreak a vacuumBronze Gauge Glass AssemblyBtu‘s are captured and returned to the system bucketbucket ventBucket Vent Scrubbing WireBuilding Automation SystembuildupbulletinBulletin 110 - IS-4 LiteratureBulletin No. 200buoyancyburnerBushingbuttweldBuy Onlineby-passby-pass valveC Outlet to C InletCabinet constructionCabinet has a polished stainless steel piano-hinged Cabinet outer flangeCAGECanadian Standards AssociationcapCap BlockCap Gal.Capable of close temperature controlCapacity Conversion Factors for Other Fill Heads capacity linecapacity tableCapital Repaircapsulecarbon dioxideCarbon Steelcarbon steel anglecarbon steel pipecarbonic acidcarryoverCast ironCast Stainless Steelcast steelcatalogcautioncavitationCentifeed CoilCentral Recirculation System Control certified drawingchaplaincheck valveChemical-Free Steamchrome-plated DZR brassCIP connection portcirculating pumpclean steamClosed Loopclosed loop means no motive or flash closed-loopCLOSURE MEMBERCO2 EmissionCO2 emissions will be reduced with Cold Hose Stationscold trapcold water capacityCold Water Hose Stationscold water inlet supplycold water inlet supply failureCold Water Start-Up Capacities combination inlet isolation combining a pump within a steam trap combustionCOMMUNITY COVENANTcompact designcompensatecomplete shutdown of outlet flow Complete Thermal Exchange compress aircompressed air system Compressed Gas Association compression fittingcompressorComputrol, Inc.Condensate Collection Assembly condensate controllercondensate controllerscondensate coolercondensate drainagecondensate loadcondensate must be lifted condensate pumpcondensate recoveryCondensate Recovery Equipment condensate recovery requirements condensate recovery systemCondensate RemovalCondensate Removal and Recovery System condensate returncondensate return linescondensate return systemcondensate supply and returncondensecondensercondensing rateConnection Sizeconnection typeconnectorconnector styleConnector with Integral StrainerConserve Energyconstant low pressure steamConstant PressureCONSTANT PRESSURE DROPconstant steam pressureConsult Armstrong or your local Representative Consult Factorycontaminantscontinuous air venting at steam temperature continuous automatic air and CO2 venting Continuous Discharge Capacities in kgs control chambercontrol loopcontrol modulecontrol panelControl panel UL and CSA approvedcontrol signalcontrol systemcontrol valveControlled Disc TrapCool Fog systemcore valuesCorn Refiners Associationcorrosion resistantcorrosivecost-effective solutioncross-contaminatedcross-linked by a stainless steel bridge pieceCuring PressCuring Press Condensate RemovalCustomer E-BlastsCustomer LocationCv valuecycling wear and tearcylindricalDC Series Automatic Differential Condensate Controllers DCSdeaerationdeareatorde-ionized waterdeliver precise mixed water temperature demineralizedDescriptionDesign and materials are subject to changedesign conditionDESIGN CONDITIONSDesign Pressuredesign specificationdetecting transmitterdew pointdial screwdiaphragm actuatordifferential condensate controllerDifferential Pressuredifferential purging actionDifferntial PressureDigital Control SystemDigital Cycle CounterDigital Mixing CenterDigital Mixing ValveDigital Recirculating Valvedigital recirculation valveDigital Water Temperature Control SolutionsDignitydimensional informationDimensions and WeightDirect Actingdirect acting valveDirect Area DischargeDirect Steam Injection Humidifierdirect-actingDIRECT-ACTING VALVEdirtdirt are held in suspension until dischargeddirt can collect on the orificeDirt PocketDisc SpringsDisc TrapDischarge OrificeDischarge Pressuredischarge valvedispersion tubedissolveDistributed Control SystemDistribution Manifolddistribution systemdistributordiverse flow ratesDomestic Manufactureddoor heaterdouble actingDouble offset butterfly valveDouble-Duty Seriesdownstreamdown-streamdownstream solenoid valve relayDrain Connectiondrain cycledrain linedrain liquiddrain pandrain separatorDrain Trapdrain valvedrainagedrainerdraw off pointsdraw-off requirementdripdrip legdropletsdry airDryerdryer coilsdrying chamberdual gravitydual gravityDual gravity drain trapdual scale top mount Thermometer and Inlet Dual thermostatic elementsdual thermostatsDuct Air TemperatureDuct Heightduct systemductile irondurabledurableduring no-demand periodsDYNAMIC UNBALANCEDZR brass constructionEconomical non-electric operationEducationefficient operationelectric condensate pumpelectric controlelectric humidifierElectric ModulatingElectric motorElectric Steam Humidifierelectricity consumptionElectricity Distributionelectro pneumatic positionerelectrocutionelectrodeElectronic control boxElectronic Mixing Centerelectronic temperature controllerElement Assyelevateelevatedeliminate the requirement for a fitted aquastatEmergency Fixtureemergency fixtureenameled steel frame terminating in five standard union connections enclosureEnd CapEnd connectionend coverend of lifeend-userenergy conservationenergy conservation measureEnergy Conservation Measure (ECM)energy consumptionEnergy ConsumptionEnergy costenergy efficiencyEnergy Efficiencyenergy lossenergy managerEnergy Optimization SystemEnergy SavingsEnergy SeminarEnergy Servicesenergy-efficiency methodologyEnjoyable experienceEnjoyable ExperiencesenthalpyEnvironmentEPCEPC (engineering, procurement, construction) EQUAL PERCENTAGEEquipment Being Drainedequipped with removable temperature adjustment key Error RelayEstimated Investment and Paybackethicsevaporative coolingevaporatorevaporator or condenser of an air conditioner Everlasting Valve, Inc.exhaust headExpect many enjoyable experiences!Exposed areaExpressPackexternal check valvesexternal corrosionExternal PilotExternal StrainerExternally removableF condensatefabricateFabricated StrainersFace to FaceFace-to-FaceFactory settingsFail Closefailure safeFairnessFaith in God, Family, Job (in this order)Fan LocationFan PackageFearlessfeature codefeatures a unique integral thermostatic return limiter feed back/modulating steam control valvefeed headFeed WaterFeed-Forwardfeet of ―safety yellow‖ washdownfield-adjustable maximum limitFigure CGFigure LDfill headFill ValveFin CoilFin Materialfin pitchfin typeFinned pipe tank heatersfitted aquastatFive PillarFixed Pivotfixtureflangeflangeflanged and socketweld connectionsFlanged ConnectionsFlanged lbflanges available in Class 600 and 900flash steamflash tankFloat & Thermostatic Steam Trapsfloat and thermostatic steam trapFloat and Thermostatic TrapFloat Drain Trapfloat steam trap valvefloat type drain trapFloat weightFloat-Fixed Pivotflooded pitsFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous steamFlo-Rite-Temp® instantaneous water heaterFlo-Rite-Temp® Pre-Pipedflow applicationsflow capacityflow characteristic curvesflow coefficient CvFlow Controlflow directionflow indicatorflow rateflow timeFlue GasFlue Gas TemperatureFlue Stack TemperatureFluid Catalytic CrackingFluid Controls InstituteFLUID DATAFLUID NAMEFMC RadaFMC-BTfog chamberFog SystemFogger Headfogger manifold barFood ProcessorsfootprintForced Draft (FD)Forged Chrome-moly Steelforged steelFree FloatFree Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap Free Floating Guided Lever Drain Trap free floating lever Air Ventfree-floating stainless steel mechanism freeze protectionfreeze-protection drainfresh steam lossfriction lossfurnishedfuzzy adaptive tuning (FAT)G.P.Mgalvanic corrosiongalvanized steelGas Ventgas-fired humidifiersgasketGatewaygaugegaugegauge glassgauge glassgauge pressureGeneral Services Administration gland packingGlobe ValveGradualgrains of moistureGranbygravity draingreen buildingGreen TeamgrooveGroups of Fixturesguide bushguidelinesHAFThand hinged doorhand leverhandbookHandwheelHard WorkingHardened chrome steel17 hardened stainless steel hazardheaderheat exchangeHeat Exchangerheat lossheat of vaporizationHeat Recoveryheat transferheat transfer equipmentheat valueheaterHeating and Cooling Coils Heating ChamberHeating Coilheating elementheating mediumheating systemheavy dutyheavy duty industrial chrome heavy gaugeheavy oilHeavy-duty springshelp deskhemispherical valveHexhigh back pressureHigh Capacityhigh fireHigh Heat ValueHigh Limit HumidistatHigh Pressurehigh pressure dropHigh temperature safety shut-offhigh washdown temperatureshigh-limit controllerHLARHLAR AVHLAR Maximum Operating Pressures HLS LDHonestyhorizontal flash tanksHorizontal Installationhosehose lengthshose rackhose reelHose StationHose Station Less Hosehot and cold portshot water applicationsHot Water SolutionsHot Water System Solutionshot water temperature control units how to trap jacketed kettlesHPI/CPIHumidiCleanhumidificationHumidification Loadhumidification systemHumidifierhumidifier controlhumidifier locationHumidifier ManifoldHumidity Controlhumidity levelHydro TestHydrocarbonhydronichygroscopic materialhysteresisIB (Trap)IBLVICI ChemicalsIdentifying an occurrence/liftimpellerIMPORTANT NOTEimprove utility performancein the event of a diaphragm failureInconel XIndividual Bathindividual thermostat failureindustrial nickel platingindustrial process critical heat transferIndustry-Specific E-blastsIndustry-Specific Sales LiteratureINHERENT DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE:inlet and outlet connectionsinlet combination ball valve strainersInlet ConnectionInlet PipeInlet Pressureinlet sizeinlet strainerinlet supply temperatureInlet Swing Check Valveinlet union connectionsinlet vane after the fanIn-Linein-lineIn-line Check ValvesIn-line Connectionin-line repairableInstallation and Maintenanceinstalled as the primary temperature controller within a pumped recirculation InstitutionalInstitutional Hot Waterinstitutional low-pressure steam heatinginstruction manualinsulateinsulation jacketIntegral check valveintegral combination inlet check valveIntegral inlet check valves and strainersintegral inlet spring loaded check valvesintegral inlet supply risersintegral mounting flangeIntegral slight flow indicatorintegral strainerintegral strainer connectorIntegral thermometerintegral thermostatic return limiter Integral vacuum breakerintegrated circuit board technology intelligent system solutions interchangingintercoolerintermittentinternal operating componentsInternal pilotInternational Electrotechnical Commission Internet Service ProviderIntrinsically safe digital cycle counters Inverted BucketInverted Bucket Drain Trapinverted bucket large ventInverted Bucket Steam Trapinverted bucket trapIonic Bed TechnologyIonic Bed TechnologyIsolation valvejacketed kettlejobberKey Performance Indicatorskeyed cylinder lockkilojouleKindnessknow-howKnowledge not shared is energy wasted Kyoto ProtocolL finlabor costlag timeslatent heatlavatoryleakageleaking sealsLeaking valves on critical process Legionella risk reductionLevel Controlleverlever mechanismsLeverage Systemlidlifted from the drain pointlight liquidlight loadlightweightLi-ionlimit switchlinear distancelinkageLiquid CoilLiquid Drainerliquid levelLiquid LoadList of MaterialsLIST OF MATERIALSLiteratureLiterature Order Formlive male swivellive steamlive steam lossLoad AirLocal Area Networklock nutlockshield for single temperaturelower energy consumptionLow-maintenance operationLow-profile bodyLoyalistLoyaltylubricationmagnitude of dischargemain housingMain ValveMaintain a consistent systemMaintains mixed water temperaturesmaintains recirculating water temperatures within the circuit maintenanceMaintenance Costmaintenance costsMake Up WaterMake-up Watermanagement programmanifoldmanifold barmanifold lengthManifold Lengths and Duct WidthsManifold Modelmanual throttling devicematerials and weightMaterials of ConstructionMax Allowable PressureMax Allowable TemperatureMax. Operating TemperatureMaximum Allowable PressureMaximum allowable pressuremaximum capacitymaximum efficiency while maintaining minimum motor horsepower Maximum flash loadmaximum inlet pressureMaximum Operating ConditionsMaximum Operating Pressuremaximum pressure dropmaximum protection against freezing and water hammermaximum temperature limiting and single temperature locking feature maximum working pressureMeasured Blend TemperatureMechanical Designmechanical failuremechanical roommechanism assemblyMetering ValveMini Pump Trapminimal fill headminimize stressMixed Airmixed return and return to heat source check valvesmixed return flow indicatormixed return inlet with thermostatic return limitermixed return sight flow indicatormixed water outlet and mixed return inlet with thermostatic return mixing STEAM and WATER for washdownMixing Unitsmixing valveMODEL NUMBER INDEXmodulated controlmodulated outputmodulating steam control valvemodulating steam pressuremoisture contentmotive pressureMotive Steam PressureMotor circuit protectormotor powermount Thermometer and Inlet Check Valvesmount Thermometer and Stainless Steel inlet Checkmounting bracketmoving partsmultiple effectMultiple orientationsmulti-tube steam dispersion panelName of PartNAME OF PARTname plateNational Sanitation Foundationnational sanitation foundation (NSF)Natural Gas PipelinenegligenceNEMAnet positive suction headnew construction and retrofit installationnickel platenitrous oxideNoiseless HeaternominalNon modulating constant steam pressurenon-asbestosnon-condensable gasesNon-Electric Steamnon-helical straight internal tube bundleNon-intrusiveNon-intrusive to the valve, pipe or system; no shutdown required to install. Non-Recirculating Hot Water SystemNon-recirculating hot water systemsNon-Shocknon-wetting distancenozzleNPS Sch.NPSH issuesNPT inlets and outletnutOD TubesOEMoffset from centre of seatoffset from centre of valveolder style dual-globe valve mixing ―YOpen Systemopen the valve against systemopening angleoperating conditionOperating Costoperating historyOperating PressureOperating PrincipleOperation & Maintenanceoperation and maintenanceoperation costoperation of pumpingOperational SpecificationsOperational water pressureoperator programmableoperator typeOperators and Maintenance personnel Optional double-wall platesOptional External Network Adapterorificeorifice sizeOrifice Steam Pressureoriginal flow setting in hot failure modeO-Ringoutdoor airOutdoor EnclosureOutdoor Temperatureoutdoors low ambient temperature trapping outlet ball valveOutlet Connectionoutlet dial thermometeroutlet pressureoutlet stop valve and thermometeroutlet temperatureoutlet temperatureoutlet thermometer and inlet supplyoutlet trapsOutline StrategyOutside Airpackaged solutionPacking sealedPainting Strategypasteurization temperaturepasteurizerPatentPeace of mindperforatedPerformance ContractPetrochempetroleumpharmaceutical manufacturingPhysical Datapiano-hinged door with a keyed cylinder lock pilot valvePipe ConnPipe Connectionspipe sizePiping and Insulationpiping configurationsPiping welded by Section IX welders Piping—Schedule 40, Schedule 80pistonpiston actuatorPiston ValvePlate and frame heat exchangerPlate heat exchangerplate-fin heat exchangerplug & stem assemblyplumbing codes or safety requirements pneumaticpneumatic angel valvepneumatic controlpneumatic control valvePneumatic Modulatingpneumatic operatorpneumatic valve positionersPoint of Usepolymer constructionpolysulfoneportable water supplyPORT-GUIDEDposition feed back transmitterspositionerPower Managementpower supplyPre-Assembledprecise controlpreheatpreheat coilPre-Pipedpre-piped packagespre-piped single temperaturePre-Piped Tempered Waterpre-set outlet temperaturePressure and Temperature Controlpressure differentialPressure DripPressure DropPressure Gaugepressure ratingPressure Reducing Valves PTCpressure temperature ratingpressure waterpressure-testedprevent over-temperature selectionPreventive Set in Order proceduresPrice SheetPrimary Humidificationprimary humidifierProbe Connectionproduct and serviceProduct DescriptionProduct Literatureprogrammable logic controller (PLC)Programmable rangeProgrammable set point rangeproper trapprovide the most efficient and cost-effective solution to your condensate recovery requirements. PRV stationPSIG steampsychrometricpulling the valve off the seatPump Cappump capacityPump Combination PackagesPump CREPump DischargePump TrapPump Trap CapacitiesPump Trap MaterialsPump Trap PackagesPump Trap Physical Datapumped recirculation systemPure FogpurgePurgerPUSH-DOWN-TO-CLOSEPUSH-DOWN-TO-OPENRadaRada Thermostatic Mixing ValveradiatorRadiator TrapRadiator Valveradio frequencyrangeabilityratingratingsrecess flangere-circulated hot water systems Recirculating Hot Waterre-circulating hot water system Recirculating Single Temperature Systems Recirculation Systems Recommendation Chartrecovered flash steamRecovered Liquidreduce cycling wear and tearreduce energyreduce environmental emissionsreduce heat transferredundancyredundantRe-engineeredrefineryrefinery processes.refrigerantregistered trademarkregulatorrelative humidityRelay outputRelief Valve ChallengesRemarksRemote SensorRemovable Insulation Jacketremovable keyremoveremoving the mechanism assemblyrepreplaceable seatsReplacement Coilreplacing gland packingrepresentativeRequired Design PressureRequired Design TRequired Operation PressureRequired Operation Trequired valve fittings and isolation valves reservoirReservoir for Curing Pressresist high back pressureResistance to Hydraulic Shockresistant to water hammerresonatorRespectretrofitreturn airreturn bendreturn check valvereturn headerreturn limiterreturn linereturn on investmentreturn systemreverse acting positionerreverse osmosisReverse Osmosis (RO) plantreverse osmosis waterReverse-ActingREVERSE-ACTING VALVEreversed anglerisky consequencesrivetruggedRugged construction materialrunoutSafetysafety drainsafety factorSaintsame size and specificationSample Specificationssanitarysanitary usesaturated steamsaturated steamsaturated steam temperaturesaturated temperaturescale top mount Thermometerscreen materialsScreen RetainerScrewed NPT and BSPTScrewed or SWscrewed, socketweld or flangedScrivenscrub wireseamlessSeamless Steelseat centre lineseat leakageseat leakage testSeat Nutseat retainerSEAT RINGsectionalSee-Thruself-containedself-operated pressure reducing valves sell trap management services semiconductorSensible heatseparatorseparator chamberserial connection data portSeries CapacitySeries Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Series Low Profile Pump TrapSeries SS TrapSeries Stainless Steel Trap Valve Station Series TrapService flush cycleService flush waiting periodService LifeSet and lock to a single temperatureSet PointSetpoint SelectionSharing Knowledge. Saving Energy. shell and tube heat exchangershine assignmentsShipping Weightshut off pressureshut-offside connectionsignboardSimplestsimplexsingle actingsingle effect。

TW 46化学化工

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METALLVÄRDEN AB SwedenNORDMETAL AGSwitzerlandNOREX INTERNATIONAL ABSweden Gold memberNORSK GJENVINNING METALL ASNorwayNORSK HYDRO ASANorwayNORSK METALLRETUR A/SNorwayNORTRADE INTERNA TIONAL PTY LTD AustraliaNORV ALFranceNV A. STEVENS & CO SA.Belgium Gold memberNV GALLOOMETALBelgium Gold memberOASIS SUPPL Y & TRADE, INC.USAOL YMPIC METALS LLCUSA Gold memberOMNI-METAL SERVICE .France Gold memberOMNY METALLE IMPORT & EXPORT . GermanyONE STEEL RECYCLING HONG KONG LTD. China Gold memberONE STOP RECYCLING LTD.United KingdomORION METAL RECYCLING NVBelgiumOSW AL ALLOYS PRIV A TE LIMITEDIndia Gold memberOTAL RECYCLING COMPANY LIMITED Vietnam Gold memberOTTO DOERNER RECYCLING GmbH GermanyOTWIN KOLLMANNSBERGERGermany Gold memberOVERDIE METALS .NetherlandsOVERSEAS VENTURES PTE LTD. Singapore Gold memberOXFORD INSTRUMENTS ANAL YTICAL OY Finland Gold memberOXFORD INSTRUMENTS PTE LTD Singapore Gold memberOXY LTD T/A SWM & WASTE RECYCLING United KingdomPACIEN DEVELOPMENT CORP.Taiwan (ROC)PALLMANN GROUPGermany Gold memberPAMMETALIKI Sns CHRISTOS CHARDALIS & SONS Snc GreecePANDA COMIMPEX ItalyPAPREC RECYCLAGEFrance Gold memberPCMETAL ENTERPRISE INC.Taiwan (ROC) Gold memberPENA METAUX SAFrance Gold memberPGI GROUPUnited Arab Emirates Gold memberPHOENIX PLUS SABelgiumPOL YLUCK METAL TRADING COMPANYChinaPOMI SRLItalyPONDY OXIDES AND CHEMICALS LIMITEDIndia Gold memberPOSCO STEEL & ALLOYS DMCCUnited Arab Emirates Gold memberPOWER METAL RECYCLERSSouth AfricaPRAXY CENTRE BOURBIEFrancePREMIER METAL RECYCLERSUnited Kingdom Gold memberPYRECO SRLItaly Gold memberQUIMIALMEL-QUÍMICOS E MINERAIS, LDAPortugal Gold memberEXPORTS PVT LTDIndiaSPAItalyRADIATION RISK MANAGEMENT GmbHGermanyRAFFINERIA METALLI CAPRA SPAItalyRAFFINERIA METALLI CUSIANA Italy Gold member RAFFMETAL SPAItaly Gold memberRA VI ENERGIE GROUPUSARECICLADORA CACHANILLAMexico Gold memberRECUPAL CURACAO .Netherlands AntillesRECUPERACION MA TERIALES DIVERSOS SASpainRECY SYSTEMS AGGermany Gold memberRECYCLAIR .SpainRECYCLING INTERNATIONALNetherlandsRECYLEXFranceRECYLUX SALuxemburgRECYMET SYSTEMS, .Spain Gold memberREGAL INTERNATIONAL GROUP LIMITEDTaiwan (ROC)REINOXMETAL 2002, SLSpain Gold memberREMAT BUCURESTI SUD .RomaniaREMAT Czech RepublicREMATE LTD.ChinaREMI CLAEYS ALUMINIUM .BelgiumRENOV ATED METALS LLCUSARESTEEL INTERNA TIONAL BVNetherlandsREUKEMA BLOCQ & MANESCHIJN .Netherlands Gold memberREZINAL NVBelgium Gold memberRICHTER GmbHGermanyRIISA (RECUPERACIONES INDUSTRIALES INTERNACIONALES) SA de CV Mexico Gold memberRIMECO - A/SDenmark Gold memberRISHEEK GLOBAL PTE LTDSingapore Gold memberRKG INTERNATIONAL PVT LTDIndia Gold memberRMM METALLHANDEL GmbHGermanyROBA METALS .Netherlands Gold memberROLF KÜHL PAPIERHANDELS GmbH Germany Gold memberROTTAMI PADANA SRLItaly Gold memberROY AL METALS TRADING CO.Iran Gold memberROYCE CORPORA TIONUSA Gold memberS. NORTON & Co LTDUnited Kingdom Gold memberS. SACKER (Claydon) LTD.United Kingdom. REMAT BRASOV .RomaniaGANTRY Belgium Gold member. IRON & METALS FACTORYSaudi Arabia Gold memberSA METAL GROUPSouth AfricaSA RECYCLINGUSA Gold memberSACAL SOCIETA ALLUMINIO CARISIO SPA Italy Gold memberSAICA NATUR NORESTE .SpainSANEX INTERNATIONAL PTE LTD. Singapore Gold memberSANSING LIMITEDChinaSANTANA V ALLS, .SpainSANY TRADING GmbHGermany Gold memberSAYED METAL LLCUnited Arab EmiratesSCANIA-METALL K/BSwedenSCHAUFLER GmbHAustria Gold memberSCHNITZER STEEL INDUSTRIES INC.USA Gold memberSCHOLZ Kompetenz im Schrott SCHOLZ RECYCLING AG & CO. KG GermanySCHOLZ ROHSTOFFHANDEL GmbHAustriaSCHROTTWOLFAustriaSCRAP ECONOMY CHAMBER OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE - IPHGZ PolandSEJIN METAL CO. LTD.Korea Gold memberSELL & PARKER PTY LIMITEDAustraliaSEMPURNA IMPEX SDN. BHD.Malaysia Gold memberSERVIZI INDUSTRIALI Italy Gold memberSGMK-TRADE, limited liability companyRussiaSGS SASwitzerlandSHABRO METALS & TECHNOLOGIES LTDIndia Gold memberSHAKEEL TRADERS GROUPPakistan Gold memberSHALFA INTERNA TIONAL CO. LTD.Saudi Arabia Gold memberSHAPIRO METALSUSA Gold memberSHARIF METALS EST.Jordan Gold memberSHARIF METALS, INT'L LLC.United Arab Emirates Gold memberSHARMETAL TRADING CO. Shahrour Bldg.Lebanon Gold memberSHAUL GUETA LTDIsrael Gold memberSHINSEI CO. LTD.JapanSHREE BALAJI ALUMINICAST PVT. LTD.India Gold memberSID METAL SAGreeceSIDER PAGANI SRLItaly Gold memberSIDER ROTTAMI ADRIATICA Italy Gold member SIEGFRIED JACOB METALLWERKE GmbH & CO KG GermanySIERRA EUROPE ItalySIGIMET SRLItaly Gold memberSIGMA BROTHERS INC.Taiwan (ROC) Gold memberSIMS METAL MANAGEMENT ASIA LIMITEDChina Gold memberSIMS METAL MANAGEMENT AUSTRALIA LIMITED Australia Gold memberSIMS METAL MANAGEMENT UK LIMITEDUnited Kingdom Gold memberSINGHAL COMMODITIES PVT. LTD.IndiaSINO-TRUST CORPORA TIONChinaSIRECFrance Gold memberSITA METAL RECYCLING LTD.United KingdomSLG RECYCLINGFranceSOBRALFranceSOCIETE MTB - RECYCLINGFrance Gold memberSOLIGON SPAItalySOMETAL SALLebanon Gold memberSOREAL TUNISIETunisia Gold memberSOREVO ENVIRONNEMENTFranceSP COMMODITIES LimitedUnited KingdomSPM ASIA SDN BHDMalaysia Gold memberSRP - SAARLÄNDISCHE ROHPRODUKTE GmbHGermanySTANI OYFinlandSTC (PRIVATE) LIMITEDPakistanSTEEL'S & SCRAPIndiaSTEELBRO INTERNATIONAL CO. INC.USASTEELWAY LIMITED COMPANYRussia Gold memberSTEMIN ItalySTENA JERN & METAL A/SDenmark Gold memberSTENA METALL ABSweden Gold memberSTENOFER NVBelgiumSTOCKX METAL TRADING .NetherlandsSTRATEGIC METALS PVT. LTD.IndiaSUDAMERICANA DE METALES COMERCIAL LTDA. (SUDMETAL) ChileSUDAMIN ROHSTOFF GmbHGermany Gold memberSUNBERG LTDUnited KingdomSUNIL METAL CORPORA TIONIndia Gold memberSUPERIOR METALS TRADING PTY LTD.AustraliaSUPERSTAR MULTITRADE P LTDIndia Gold memberSYNTOM .Poland. THOMSON & SON LTDUnited KingdomTAIKO METALS SDN BHDMalaysia Gold memberTALLERES ZB .SpainTALUM .SloveniaTANDOM METALLURGICAL GROUP LTDUnited KingdomTANGENT TRADING LTDUnited Kingdom Gold memberTATA INTERNATIONAL LIMITEDIndiaTECAL ALUMINIO DA AMAZONIA LTDA/METALUR GROUP Brazil Gold memberTENNANT METALURGICAL GROUP LTD.United KingdomTEREX DEUTSCHLAND GmbHGermanyTERRANOV AFranceTESLA RECYCLING .Poland Gold memberTHE DA VID J. JOSEPH COMPANYUSA Gold memberTHE NEW RECLAMATION GROUPSouth Africa Gold memberTHEO STEIL GMBHGermany Gold memberTHOMMEN AGSwitzerland Gold memberTIANJIN HECHANG INVESTMENT CO. LTD.ChinaTITECH GmbHGermanyTOBANELLI SPAItalyTOM MARTIN & CO LTDUnited Kingdom Gold memberTONDINI Italy Gold memberTOTALL METAL RECYCLING INC.USATOYOTA TSUSHO EUROPE .Czech RepublicTRADMET LIMITEDUnited KingdomTRANS GULF TRADING LLCUnited Arab EmiratesTRENTAVIZI Italy Gold memberTRIDENT METALS。

欧洲药典7.5版

EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.5
INDEX
To aid users the index includes a reference to the supplement in which the latest version of a text can be found. For example : Amikacin sulfate...............................................7.5-4579 means the monograph Amikacin sulfate can be found on page 4579 of Supplement 7.5. Note that where no reference to a supplement is made, the text can be found in the principal volume.
English index ........................................................................ 4707
Latin index ................................................................................. 4739
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPபைடு நூலகம்EIA 7.5
Index
Numerics 1. General notices ................................................................... 7.5-4453 2.1.1. Droppers...................

马克西姆-阿甘公司收购美国-制剂公司

（治亚州提夫顿）乔。ＭＡＮ打算保留原有的员１Ａ二和资产并继续将其当做合同制剂公司来运营。
ＭＡＡ董事长兼ＣＯＪｈａｂＮＥｏｎＲｂｙ表示，本次收购大大增加了ＭＡＡ在美国的制剂研制和生产Ｎ能力，他补充道． “ 次收购改善了ＭＡＡ在面此Ｎ对客户不断变化的需求时的灵活性和反应时间。 ” ＪｒｍａｉＷｏｋｎ将继续担任Ｂｌｍｏｄ总裁一职。他强调
２１～０５年期间投入市场。０３２１
欧元（８４６亿美元）。
拜耳公司指出，在第三季度的早期，乐观的前景与实际结果相反。到目前为止，当前这个季度的
经营～直被抑制着。小麦和玉米价格的下降，不利的天气条件．相对开始较晚的阿根廷销售季节和美国销售额的下降已经对公司收入产生了影响。拜耳公司对达到扣除利息，税金和折旧前收入提高２％５
起进行研制和生产他们司主要生产悬浮剂、干悬浮剂、可湿
性粉剂和乳油等的浓缩配方。它在乔治亚州的蒂夫
顿有５００平方英尺（９０平米）的设施，在奥３０４０西拉有１７０５００平方英尺的场地。在这里公司进行产品开发、研制、包装和海运。
一
系列作物上，它通过在在叶部喷雾或进行土壤渗

药厂名称检测设备仪器名称中英文

一、制药企业中英文对照二、常用仪器英文缩写原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES 电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP紫外-可见光分光光度计 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis 原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC高效液相色谱High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC体积排阻色谱 Size Exclusion Chromatograph SECpH计 pH Meter三、GMP英语API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingrediet) 原料药又称：活性药物组分Batch Number/Lot-Number 批号；Batch Numbering System 批次编码系统；Batch Records 批记录；Bulk Product 待包装品；Calibration 校正；Clean area洁净区；FDA（FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION）：（美国）食品药品管理局NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件BATCH PRODUCTION：批量生产；分批生产BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS：生产批号记录PRESCRIPTION DRUG：处方药OTC DRUG（OVER—THE—COUNTER DRUG）：非处方药四、常见玻璃器皿英文名称air condenser 空气冷凝管beaker 烧杯boiling flask 烧瓶Busher funnel 布氏漏斗Hirsch funnel 赫氏漏斗filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶florence flask 平底烧瓶fractionating column 分馏柱graduated cylinder 量筒long-stem funnel 长颈漏斗medicine dropper 滴管plastic squeeze bottle 塑料洗瓶distilling tube 蒸馏管rubber pipette bulb 吸耳球separatory funnel 分液漏斗test tube holder 试管夹test tube 试管transfer pipette 移液管tripod 三角架volumetric flask 容量瓶wide-mouth bottle 广口瓶。

FedEx危险物品运输说明说明书

NOTICE: FedEx Express will refuse to accept packages that do not meet FedEx Express, government or IATA and ICAO requirements. This brochure is in no way intended to replace requirements mandated by 49CFR and IATA. This is for informational purposes only. We make no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding this information. Proper p ackaging is the sole responsibility of the shipper. For more information and comprehensive guidelines, contact the FedEx Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Hotline at 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339; press “81” or say “dangerous goods.” (Outside the U.S., request to speak to a dangerous goods representative.) Refer to the current FedEx Service Guide for terms, conditions and limitations applicable to FedEx ® delivery services. © 2014 FedEx. All rights reserved.0014274DI Dangerous goods are everywhere. Perfume, oil paint art kits and laptop computers are all considered dangerous goods during transport. Under c ertain circumstances these everyday items can harm people, property and the environment. P rotect your shipment and yourself by identifying dangerous goods and properly packaging and preparing every shipment.1. Identify your shipment Refer to the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for the correct identification, classification (including UN or ID number), Proper Shipping Name, hazard class and, if applicable, subsidiary risk and Packing Group.3. Protect yourself Shippers who do not prepare their packages according to IATA and ICAO regulations can be fined by federal and civil authorities and may even face criminal prosecution and imprisonment. The government requires people trained and certified to handle and prepare dangerous shipments. FedEx conducts training seminars throughout the year. To view schedules and register for a seminar, go to /us/services/options .2. Package your shipments correctlySome dangerous goods have specific packaging, labeling and marking requirements. And, all require a completed Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods form. For information on the proper shipment preparation for IATA and ICAO shipments of non-radioactive items, go to /us/services/pdf/DG_Job_Aid.pdf4. Ask us for help The FedEx Dangerous Goods/Hazardous Materials Hotline is prepared to answer your questions on the proper preparation of dangerous goods for shipment in the FedEx Express ® network. Call 1.800.GoFedEx 1.800.463.3339 and press 81 or say “dangerous goods” to speak to a dangerous goods shipping specialist. In non-US locations, contact your local FedEx Customer Service and ask to speak with a dangerous goods specialist.Common dangerous goods Aerosols Ammunition Batteries (lithium & wet) Camping stoves Chemicals Drain cleaners Fireworks Lighters Matches Oil-based paint Parts (containing gasoline, jet fuel or kerosene) Perfume Propane Radioactive materials SolventsDangerous goods updateThe following items were recently identified as causing catastrophic incidents during transport: Oxygen generators/oxidizing c ases Batteries of all types Flammable gas torches Gasoline powered devices of all typesFireworks。

cbam计算碳排放量标准

cbam计算碳排放量标准## English Answer:What is the CBAM and how does it calculate carbon emissions?The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is atrade policy tool that aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with imported goods. It is a complementary measure to carbon emissions pricing systems such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade schemes.The CBAM essentially places a price on the carbon emissions embedded in imported goods, thereby incentivising foreign producers to reduce their emissions in order to remain competitive in the European market. The mechanism works by calculating the embedded carbon emissions of imported goods based on their lifecycle emissions. This includes emissions from raw material extraction, production, transportation, and end-of-life disposal.The methodology for calculating embedded carbon emissions is based on recognised international standards and methodologies, such as the ISO 14064 series and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. It takes into account both direct and indirect emissions, across the entire value chain of the product.Once the embedded carbon emissions are calculated, the CBAM requires importers to purchase carbon credits equivalent to the amount of emissions associated with their imported goods. These carbon credits can be obtained from the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) or other recognised carbon markets.By pricing the carbon content of imported goods, the CBAM encourages foreign producers to adopt low-carbon production processes and invest in emissions reduction measures. It also creates a level playing field for domestic producers who are subject to carbon pricing within the EU.The CBAM is currently in the design phase, and its implementation is expected to commence in 2023. The scope of the mechanism and the specific methodology for calculating embedded carbon emissions are still being discussed and refined.### How does the CBAM calculate carbon emissions?The CBAM calculates carbon emissions based on a lifecycle assessment (LCA) approach, which considers all stages of the production and distribution process. This includes:Raw material extraction: Emissions associated with the extraction of raw materials used in the product.Production: Emissions generated during the manufacturing process, including energy consumption, waste generation, and transportation of intermediate goods.Transportation: Emissions from the transportation of the finished product to the point of import.End-of-life disposal: Emissions associated with the disposal or recycling of the product at the end of its useful life.The CBAM uses recognised LCA methodologies, such as the ISO 14064 series and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, to ensure consistency and accuracy in the calculation of embedded carbon emissions.## 中文回答：碳边境调节机制 (CBAM) 是什么，它是如何计算碳排放的？碳边境调节机制 (CBAM) 是一种贸易政策工具，旨在减少与进口商品相关的温室气体 (GHG) 排放。

碳市场发展对油气行业的影响

2020年在第75届联合国大会上，习近平总书记对外宣布，力争于2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和[1]。

2021年以来，中央各部委研究制定了一系列文件，从国家政策方针、规定制度方面，推动碳达峰、碳中和目标实现。

2021年10月发布的《关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见》[2]和《2030年前碳达峰行动方案》，是中国碳排放“1+N”政策体系中的两个核心文件，提出“十五五”期间石油需求达峰的目标，2060年中国非化石能源消费所占比重达80%以上，发展清洁能源，提高天然气消费占比，加快推进页岩气等非常规油气资源规模化开发，推动多种能源协同发展，严控新增炼油能力，推进油气市场化改革，加快完善能源统一市场，为油气行业转型发展指明了方向。

碳市场中碳交易政策是科斯定理在政府控制碳排放[3]和治理环境方面的应用，将碳排放权作为一种资产在资本市场中流通，用于将企业高碳生产的负外部性行为内部化，使得使用清洁能源的成本低于使用高碳能源的成本。

碳金融市场是温室气体排碳市场发展对油气行业的影响林从龙（中海油化工与新材料科学研究院（北京）有限公司）摘要：碳市场是控制碳排放的重要手段。

石油天然气行业在运营生产过程中所产生的温室气体排放量，在全球温室气体排放总量中约占9%，碳市场的发展必将对油气行业产生影响。

为实现碳达峰、碳中和目标，碳市场通过碳配额、碳减排指标等方式调节碳价，直接影响油气生产成本，促使国家及行业优化能源结构，减少石油等化石能源的消耗，推动石油开采、石油化工产业和工业升级，加快能源行业转型，遏制高能耗、高排放项目盲目建设，构建能源、清洁低碳安全高效的新能源体系。

关键词：碳市场；碳金融；碳达峰；碳中和；油气行业；能源转型DOI :10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2023.04.013The impact of carbon market development on oil and gas industry LIN ConglongInstitute of Chemicals&Advanced Materials （Beijing ）Co ．，Ltd ．，CNOOCAbstract：The carbon market is an important means to control carbon emission．The greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and gas industry account for about 9%of total global greenhouse gas emissions during operational production．The development of carbon markets will certainly have an impact on the oil and gas industry．In order to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality，carbon market regulates carbon price by means of carbon quota and carbon emission reduction index，which directly affects the production cost of oil and gas，urges the country and the industry to optimize the energy structure，reduce the consumption of petroleum and other fossil energy，promote oil exploita-tion，petrochemical industry and industrial upgrading，accelerate the transformation of the energy in-dustry，control the unchecked construction of projects with high energy consumption and high emis-sion，and build a clean，low-carbon，safe and efficient new energy system.Keywords：carbon market；carbon finance；carbon peaking；carbon neutrality；oil and gas indus-try；energy transformation作者简介：林从龙，工程师，2010年毕业于东北石油大学（油气田开发、新材料专业），138****6440，***************.cn，北京市昌平区未来科学城南区中海油园区C 座7层，102209。

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Emissions trading caps emissions volume
Sanmenxia’s fourth emissions trading in 2013 was concluded recently, according to on Nov 19.
The emissions right of 19.75 tons COD (chemical oxygen demand) was bought at a price of 158,000 yuan ($25,955) by a comprehensive processing project for natural mineral water and functional vegetable and fruit juices with an annual output of 15 tons.
A notice on the interim measures for major pollutants’ emissions trading was issued by the Sanmenxia government in July 2010, initiating the pilot program in Sanmenxia.
Emissions trading is a market-based approach to controlling emissions. A permit is set on a pollutant’s emissions. The permits represent an enterprise’s right to produce a specified pollutant at a specific volume. The emissions of an enterprise cannot exceed its permits, or it must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.
Based on technological transformation, excess emission permits can be used for other projects, or for pollution rights trading. They also can be taken back by the government and sold to enterprises that require more emission permits, with 60 percent of the profits returning to the permits’ original owner, according to the interim measures.
A variety of promotion activities were carried out to popularize emissions trading in Sanmenxia.
For enterprises that exceed their emission limits, the trading helps increase limits on emissions. Moreover, trading helps curb overall emissions. Sanmenxia’s enterprises are gradually working to reduce emissions in order to cut production costs.
A total of 26 enterprises in Sanmenxia have engaged in emissions trading since 2010.。