SCI写作经典替换词,瞬间高大上
论文45个经典替换词
论文的高大上，来自词汇和语法的高大上。
45个本土词汇，让您的文章表达更精准！1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, many, if not most 替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think（因为是书面语，所以要加that）。
7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
学术写作中常用高级用词替换
常用词的学术替换动词替换：1.Improve 提高：Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company.Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.Enhance: the publi city has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望2.change 改变：Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。
说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。
而stress则和emphasize差不多)4.Develop培养：Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life.Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.5.Break 破坏：Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。
sci写作替代词
SCI写作不得不说的经典替换词2014-12-02 李莫愁博士实验万事屋实验万事屋实验万事屋微信号Whateverysearch功能介绍文献总是乏味，科研一向无聊，“实验万事屋”旨在拯救医界同仁于寂寞无聊，每天坚持抖落科研内幕，分享实验心得，搜集科研资讯，激发您的科研兴趣，传授实用的科研方法和思路。
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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many.5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。
7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
英文写作经常使用替换词
1.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with
2.尽力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for
3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4.踊跃的，好的：good = conducive = benБайду номын сангаасficial=advantageous
5.消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable
6.明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7.健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
11.流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive
★动词：
1.提高，增强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
2.引发：cause = trigger = endanger
3.解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
8.惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9.漂亮的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated
英文科技论文写作近义词替换词大全
Part 1AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现DDegenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点EEat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）FFail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常GGreat milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油HHold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入KKey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多OOwing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于…… PPattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像SShow=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development 成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的TTake to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出Part 21解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative, essential9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23发生：Happen, occur, take place24原因：Reason, factor, cause25发展：Development, advance, progress26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up,occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle1.Concern with = relate to 与有关2.grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on3.Under the title=name achievement =success4.tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth5.be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联6.approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very7.establish= found = set up establishment = organization8.offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant9.argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作10.contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有11.chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑12.help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事13.draw from = take fromleading = outstandingpetitor= rival recognize as = look/assume as1.dislike=distaste2.test = examine3.effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…4.ignore = neglectas per=according to5.unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse6.before = prior to7.predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with8.account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed9.discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up10.context =environment=sircumstance=situation11.radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words12.sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12.fear=worrypollute = contaminate13.predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14.in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15.disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do16.solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17.impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18.opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19.entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20.field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21.for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22.lead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously 严重地23.perception = view 观点、看法association=society协会24.encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25.pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法26.key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27.but=yet enormous importance=great/significantunch=startderive from = get from29.revert to= get back todistinction=identity30.immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31.couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32.essential feature = principleseize=grasp33.innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34.entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35.needs=demand36.dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37.result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38.demanding=difficultretune=adjust39.seek for =search foroutlook=view40.figure out = find outtrack=follow41.in response to=respond to = react to42.prominence=importance revolution=invention43.in relation to= in association withsociety = association44.treatise=workfeature=characteristicsmercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46.objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47.account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48.be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49.configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising50.make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51.perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52.vital importance=extremely important53.rest=depositartificial=manmade54.make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55.ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56.encompass=unifyimply=indicate57.breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58.materialize=realizetide=trend59.agency=organizationreckon=deem60.approach=methodspot=find out61.boost=promoteprospect=future62.feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63.match up to sth=equal with impressive=great64.impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65.indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66.undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67.renaissance=revive for instance=for example68.operate=run69.failure=incidentrare=unusually70.tension=pressurecompression=pressure71.prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72.occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73.detect=examine74.trigger=produceinduce=encourage75.regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76.important =crucial77.opinon=perspective, standpoint78.fame=prestige79.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)80.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel81.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83.small=minuscule(very small), minute84.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly86.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)87.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it89.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)90.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will neverchange or be changed)92.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94.respect=esteem95.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)98.nowadays=currently99.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing) 100.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101.difficult=formidable102.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)104.approximately将近-nearly, almost105.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106.scholarship=fellowship107.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)109.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110.despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112.sharp=acute(severe and intense)113.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)115.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 116.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117.of=necessary to118.without=free from119.about=concerning=related to120.在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121.用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122.rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123.poor = needy = impoverished124.good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous125.bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable126.healthy = robust = sound = wholesome127.surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128.energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated129.难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny130.不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable131.重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132.=be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality133.巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable 134.正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous135.有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136.吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137.足够的：adequate and sufficient138.日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday139.improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize140.solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with141.destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142.develop = cultivate = foster = nurture143.encourage = motivate = stimulate = spurplete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve145.destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146.influence= impact147.danger = perils =hazards148.human beings= mankind = humane race149.old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 150.teachers = instructors = educators = lecturerscation = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152.young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153.responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154.因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant155.联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B)156.优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives 157. disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives158.enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159.children = offspring = descendant = kidPart 51.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = besaturated with2.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4.在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6.对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7.对…有害处：be harmful/bad for =be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to =be pernicious to8.集中精力于：focus on= concentrate on= concentrate/ fix/ focus one’s attention ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9.认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim, maintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10.反对：be against=reject, object, oppose =be opposed to =become hostile to11.支持：support=take sides with =advocate =lend support to =sing high praise of12.导致：lead to=trigger =result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13.(归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14.发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement=B 不及物动词rocket, boom, flourish, prosper 15.有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk of正面含义：boast, embrace16.中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of 17.破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18.阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede19.下结论：make a conclusion= draw a conclusion that= reach a conclusion that= arrive at a conclusion that= hammer a conclusion that= crystallize a conclusion that20.使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21.innovate/ invent22.attend to/ take care of23.balanced/ equitable24.virtual (love)/ simulate25.small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26.dialect方言accent腔调27.look like/ resemble28.chronic长期的,慢性的long-term长期的29.on-line /net/ cyber30.solely/ merely/ only31.deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32.category-categorize/ class-classify?。
常用的SCI替换词
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many.5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。
7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换hardly.13. beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very.16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable.17. indispensable 替换necessary.18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.19. capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention.20. facet, demension, sphere 替换aspet.21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换indicate,suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.24. desire 替换want.25. pour attention into 替换pay attention to.26. bear in mind that 替换remember.27. enjoy, possess 替换have（注意process是过程的意思）。
SCI论文写作重要词语替换
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many.5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。
7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换hardly.13. beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very.16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable.17. indispensable 替换necessary.18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.19. capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention.20. facet, demension, sphere 替换aspet.21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换indicate,suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.24. desire 替换want.25. pour attention into 替换pay attention to.26. bear in mind that 替换remember.27. enjoy, possess 替换have（注意process是过程的意思）。
英语论文中45个最经典替换词
Native speaker论文45个最经典替换词——写作即时高大上！论文的高大上，来自词汇和语法的高大上。
45个本土词汇，让您的文章表达更精准！1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, many, if not most 替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think（因为是书面语，所以要加that）。
7. affair, business, matter 替换thing.8. shared 替换common .9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
SCI-写作词汇
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons.
2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
26原因：reason, Fra bibliotekactor, cause
27发展：development, advance, progress
28有益的：useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous
9认为：think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10保护：protect, conserve, preserve
43. distinguished 替换 famous
44. feasible 替换 possible
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so
二、同义词归纳
1缺陷：disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working
36. arduous 替换 difficult
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）
论文45个经典替换词
论文的高大上，来自词汇和语法的高大上。
45个本土词汇，让您的文章表达更精准！1. indivi duals, charac ters, folks替换people , person s.2. positi ve, favora ble, rosy, promis ing, perfec t, pleasu rable, excell ent, outsta nding, superi or 替换good.3. dreadf ul, unfavo rable, poor, advers e, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有beless impres sive替换。
）4. an army of, an oceanof, a sea of, a multit ude of, a host of, many, if not most 替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
5. a sliceof, quieta few 替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitu de that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is univer sally acknow ledge d that 替换think（因为是书面语，所以要加th at）。
7. affair, busine ss, matter替换thing.8. shared替换common .9. reap huge fruits替换get many benefi ts.10. for my part ,from my own perspe ctive替换in my opinio n.11. Increa sing(ly), growin g 替换more and more（注意没有gr owing ly这种形式。
SCI写作经典替换词，瞬间高大上！（转）
SCI写作经典替换词，瞬间⾼⼤上！（转）1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.8. shared 替换 common .9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时⽤increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词⽤increasingly.）12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.17. indispensable 替换 necessary.18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.24. desire 替换 want.25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
英文论文高级替换词_让你的文章“亮”起来
有任何问题或建议请联系esub . 或 183381688【第一推荐】英文论文高级替换词，让你的文章“亮〞起来1. Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic,giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky,2. ->many: numerous, myriad, infinite,3. ->forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless,perpetually…4. Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite 〔女子身高娇小〕5. Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished,remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming,stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesome 6. Bad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor,substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful,ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral…7. Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smart8. Happy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful,9. Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet,adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging…10. Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning,11. +hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot.12. Easy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated,undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),…13. Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident,manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid,plain, understandable, uninvolved, simple, …14. Direct: bald, basic, frank, naked, plain, sincere, stark, straightforward, candid,forthright, outspoken….15. Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated, complex, intricate, involved,knotty, perplexing, puzzling, thorny…16. Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate,mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful...17. Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable18. Think (that): hold the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain, suppose, conceive, insist, be convinced, to my knowledge, personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle, consider, conceive, perspective...19. Show: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…20. Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with,21. Get: acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain “学习〞不用learn22. Suggest: have a proposal in,23. Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance…24. Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on, imprint of,25. Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway,26. Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…27. Make: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture; fore, cause, compel, constrain, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require…28. Give: present, award, contribute, deliver, donate, grant, hand over, hand out, provide,supply29. Break：separate, burst, crack, destroy, disintegrate, fracture, fragment, shatter, smash, snap30. Destroy: ruin, raze, annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, eradicate, shatter, wipe out,wreck, obliterate, weaken, undermine…31. Happen: occur, come about, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire32. Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma.33. Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention,gathering session, assig nation, encounter, confrontation, argument, controversy…34. Study: learning, application, lessons, reading, research, school work, examination, analysis, consideration, contemplation, inspection, investigation, knowledge,scholarship…35. Advantage: ben efit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…36. Disadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap (also v. 阻碍), downside, limitation.37. Life: existence, conduct, life style, way of life38. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)39. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)40. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)41. stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)42. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention tosomething; ignore means no attention.)43. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)44. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)45. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)46. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)47. top=peak, summit48. competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)49. blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)50. opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)51. fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation52. build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish53. insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)54. complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)55. primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental56. relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)57. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel58. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)59. complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)60. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her61. small=minuscule(very small), minute,62. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)63. hard-working=assiduous(someonewho is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly64. difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)65. poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)66. fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)67. show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)68. big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasizesomething’s large), tremendous69. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)70. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)71. attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently72. dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!73. ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)74. always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)475. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)76. surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)77. enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#78. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!79. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)80. luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive81.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)82. respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)83. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)84. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)85. hot=boiling(very hot)86. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/87. nowadays=currently88. only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;89. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)90. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)91. result=consequence(the results or effects of something)92. obvious=apparent, manifest93. based on=derived from (can see or notice them very easily)94. quite=fairly95. pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)96. field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)97. appear=emerge(come into existence)98. whole=entire(the whole of something)899. wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! 100. wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)101. difficult=formidable102. change=convert(change into another form)103. typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)104. careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)105. ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)106. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or 107. /her opinion is different from most people)108. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)109. use= utilize (the same as use)110. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it. ) 111. satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and isfaction)112. short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 113. scholarship=fellowship114. angry=enraged(extremely angry)115. smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)116. ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)# 117. attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)118. diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)119. disorder=disarray, chaos120. crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)121. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)122. ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)123. despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)124. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/125. sharp=acute(severe and intense)126. unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^127. puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)128. method=avenue(away of getting something done)129. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)130. ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)131. decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive viadecorating it with something else)/132. possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 133. so=consequently, accordingly134. rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often135. greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)136. a couple of years several years 几年137. abundant plentiful/ample/sufficient/adequate adj. 丰富的138. a myriad of a multitude of/a great variety of/a wide range of/a number of 许多〔都可接可数名词〕139. increase accelerate v. 加快140. accessible available adj. 可接近的141. accordingly for that reason/ consequently/therefore adv. 因此142. account for explain/interpret 解释 * He accounts for the missing items as lost.143. accumulate collect/accumulate/enhance/augment/extend/increase/stretch v. 积累，增加144. actually in reality/in fact adv. 实际上145. adhere stick v. 粘附146. adjunct addition n. 附属物147. administer manage vt. 管理148. admire think highly vt. 钦佩149. adorn decorate vt. 装饰150. advent arrival n. 〔指不寻常的人或事〕到来151. adverse negative adj. 不利的152. advocate proponent/supporter n. 提倡者153. aesthetic artistic adj. 美学的154. aid help n./vt. 帮助155. alert wary/wit adj. 机敏的156. allay reduce/roll back/decline vt. 减少157. alter change/shift/transfer/convert vt. 改变158. alternative option n. 另外的选择159. altogether completely/totally/wholly/utterly adv. 完全地160. amount sum n. 总和161. annihilate conquer/subjugate vt. 消灭162. antagonist enemy n. 对手163. anticipate look forward to vt. 预料164. apace with as fast as 齐头并进165. appealing attractive/intriguing/fancinating/inviting/tempting adj. 动人的166. apply to be used for 应用，适用167. appreciation recognition n. 欣赏，品味168. apt appropriate/suitable adj. 适当的169. arduous difficult/tedious/laborious adj. 费力的，困难的170. article object/item/stuff n. 物品171. ascend climb vt. 抬高，攀登172. assemble gether/put together/aggregate vt. 集合173. assortment variety n. 各种物品混合物174. assumption belief/hypothesis n. 假设，确定的想法175. attachment preference n. 喜欢，依恋176. attain achieve/acquire/obtain/gain/derive/get vt. 到达，获得177. attendant accompanying adj. 伴随的178. attire clothing n. 盛装，穿着179. attribute credit v * Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by somea authorities as the originator of feminism in the US.180. avail make use v. 有用181. avid for eager to/long for/look forward to 渴望182. avoid prevent/inhibit/hinder v. 防止，阻止183. barren infertile/fruitless adj. 贫瘠的184. besides in addition to/ moreover/furthermore adv. 除了…还有185. bias prejudice/discrimination n. 偏见186. bind tie/attach v. 捆绑，使结合187. boost raise/enhance vt. 增加，提高188. bound limit n. 围，限制189. boundary dividing line n. 分界限190. break departure from 破裂191. brittle fragile/easily broken adj. 易碎的192. burning flaming/scorch adj./n 燃烧的，燃烧193. calculate determine/numerate v. 计算194. carry support/sustain/uphold v. 支持，支撑195. carry on continue 继续196. cause bring about/lead to/induce/result in v. 导致，引起197. cease stop v. 停止，终止198. celestial astronomical adj. 天体的，天上的199. characteristic character/quality n. 特征200. charisma personal magnetism n. 个人魅力201. chronicle describe v. 记述202. classify categorize vt. 把…分类203. clear unobstructed adj. 畅通的204. clue information n. 线索，信息205. cluster group/concentrate n./v. 串，群，聚集，丛生206. coarse rough/crude adj. 粗糙的207. coin create/spawn vt. 创造208. coincide occur at the same time as/correspond vi. 〔事情〕等同时发生，相巧合209. * Our vaations coincided, so we traveled together.210. * Your account of the accident has little correspondence with the story. 211. collectively by group together adv. 集体地，共同地212. combine incorporate/fuse v. 联合213. come of age establish itself 到达法定年龄，确立自身地位214. comparable similar/equivalent adj. 相当的，类似的215. compel force vt. 强迫，使不得不216. competition struggle n. 竞争217. complimentary falttering adj. 称赞的218. component part/ingredient/composition/constituent/element n. 要素，成分，组成局部219. compose write vt. 作曲220. comprise consist of/constitute/make up vt. 包含，由…组成221. conceal cover/occult/hide/veil/ensconce vt. 隐藏222. conclusive definitive/decisive adj. 决定性的223. concomitant in conjunction with adj. 伴随的224. concrete specific adj. 具体的，实体的225. configuration arrangement n. 轮廓，构型226. confine limit/ restrict/fix vt. 限制，固定227. confirm uphold/sanction/ratify/prove/justify vt. 证实，使…更坚决228. conflicting opposing adj. 相冲突，相矛盾的229. conjectural based on guessing adj. 推测的230. connect relate v. 连接，联系231. consequence result/outcome n. 结果，后果232. conserve store/retain/preserve/maintain vt. 保存，保藏233. considerable large/substantial/much/great/vast adj. 相当可观的234. consistent constant adj. 一致的，稳定的235. consort associate vi. 陪伴，结交236. conspicuous noticeable/spectacular/marked/pronounced/apparent/obvious/strikingadj. 显著的，引人注目的237. consume eat vt. 消费，消耗238. contemporary existing adj. 当代的，现代的239. convergence gathering n. 聚集240. corresponding similarly adv. 相应地，对应地241. count weigh v. 有价值，有分量242. counteract negate vt. 抵消243. counterpart version n. 对应的人或物244. crisscross move back and forth vi. 穿插往来245. crucial fatal/vital/significant/important/key/remarkable/meaningful adj.重要的246. cumbersome burdensome/heavy/ponderous adj. 笨重的，难处理的247. dampen moisten vt. 使潮湿248. daring bold/fearless adj. 大胆的，勇敢的249. deadly extreme/exceeding/intense adj. 极度的,强烈的250. deft skilled/experienced/skillful/expert adj. 灵巧的，熟练的251. deliberate careful/meticulous adj. 审慎的，深思熟虑的252. demand require/call for/request/mandate v. 要求253. demise death n. 死亡254. demonstrate show/reason/elaborate vt. 演示，论证255. dense thick adj. 密集的，浓厚的256. depend on/upon rely on/hinge on(upon) 依靠,取决于257. depict portray/sketch/draw vt. 描绘，描写258. depress lower vt. 压低259. derived from based on 来源于260. detect feel/sense vt. 觉察,探测261. detectable measurable/apparent adj. 可觉察，可查明的262. devatate ruin/destroy vt. 毁坏263. devote dedicate/specialize in vt. 投身于，用于264. dictate determine vt. 规定，确定265. disaster catastrophe/tragedy/misfortune n. 灾难，不幸266. discard get rid of vt. 丢弃267. discrete separate/scattered adj. 离散的，不连续的268. dispute argument/debate n. 争论，纠纷269. disseminate spread/impart/peddle/bruit vt. 传播，宣扬270. distinct separate/different/distinguishing/diverse/dissimilar/varied adj. 明确的，不同的271. distinguish differentiate vt. 区别，识别272. divergence difference/dissimilarity n. 分歧273. document record vt. 证明，文件记载274. domain field/region/realm/scope/extent n. 领域，围275. dominate be pervalent in/govern vt. 统治，支配276. dramatic striking/drastic/radical/severe adj. 戏剧性的277. draw attract/lure/entice vt. 吸引,引诱278. durable long-lasting adj. 持久的279. dwelling house n. 住处280. eager enthusiastic adj. 渴望的281. efficiency effectiveness n. 功率282. elaborate detailed/ornate/pinpoint/exhaustive adj. 详尽的，精心〔过分〕装饰的283. elevate promote vt. 举起，使上升284. elicit bring out vt. 引出，得出285. embrace welcome vt. 拥抱，欣然承受286. emerge appear vi. 出现，浮现287. emit give off vt. 发出，放射288. emphasize stress/underscore vt. 强调，着重289. employ use vt. 使用290. enable allow/help/make possible v. 使能够，使可能291. enactment persformance n. 设定，制定292. encompass include/contain/embody vt. 包括，包含293. endless continuous adj. 无止境的294. engage in carry on 从事于295. entire whole adj. 全部的296. entity object n. 实体，存在297. equivalent interchangeable adj. 相等的，等同的298. eradicate eliminate/uproot vt. 铲除，杜绝299. essential fundamental/basic/chief/primary adj. 绝对必要的，根本的300. establish create v. 设立，创作301. estimate judge vt. 估计302. evidence indicate/testimony vt./n. 证明，说明，证据303. evolution development n. 开展，演变304. evolve develop v. 进化，开展305. exalted superior/optimal/best adj. 崇高的，高贵的306. excavate dig out vt. 挖出307. excellent /outstanding/splendid/brilliant/exceptional/remarkable/distinguished/prominent/ famous adj. 优良的，出色的308. execute administer/bring into effect/implement/carry out vt. 实施，执行309. exert cause vt. 行使，施加310. exorbitant expensive/costly adj. (价格)昂贵的311. expendable unprofitable/unnecessary adj. 不必要的,无利可图的312. extol praise/tout vt. 赞美313. extract remove vt. 拔出，榨取314. fabricate make/construct v 制作，装配315. faction side n. 派别，宗派316. faraway remote/over great distances adj. 遥远的317. fashion create vt. 造成318. favored preferred adj. 首选的，优惠的319. feed nourish/rear/raise v. 喂养，饲养320. firm hard/steadfast adj. 坚决的，结实的321. fixture commonplace object n. 固定设备322. flourish thrive/grow well vi. 繁荣，茂盛323. forage feed n. 饲料324. foremost leading adj. 最先的，最重要的325. formidable difficult/powerful/overwhelming/staggering adj. 可怕的，困难的326. frame pose vt. 提出，制定327. framework structure n. 构架，骨架328. free release/unravel v. 解除，释放329. frustrate thwart v. 挫败330. fuel source of energy n. 能源，燃料331. functional usable adj. 功能的，有用的332. furnish provide vt. 装备，提供333. gambit maneuver/tactic/policy/calculated risk/strategy n. 策略，谋略334. gap opening/separation n. 缺口335. glance brief look/browse n. 瞥视，浏览336. glowing shining/sparkling adj. 白热的337. goal end/destination/purpose/intent n. 目标338. gradually by degrees adv. 逐渐地339. graphic vivid/dramatic adj. 图解的，生动的340. grumble complain/repine v. 抱怨341. guarantee ensure/pledge/assure vt. 保证342. hardiest most vigorous adj. 最强壮的343. heart center/hub n. 中心344. hemisphere sides n. 半球，半脑345. henceforth form that time on 从此以后346. herald announce/declare/proclaim/note vt. 宣布..消息347. hinterland region n. 腹地348. identical exactly alike adj. 同一的，完全一样的349. ignite set on fire/spark v. 点燃350. imitate copy vt. 模仿351. immunity protection n. 免疫性352. immutable unchangeable adj. 不变的353. imperceptibly subtly adv. 不可觉察地，极缓慢地354. implement tool/apparatus/instrument n. 工具，乐器355. implication significance/meaning n. 意义356. impose demand vt. 把…强加于357. incacessible unreachable adj. 难到达的358. inception beginning/outbreak n. 开端，发作359. incinerate burn up v. 烧成灰烬360. incise carve/cut/chop/slice/shear vt. 切割361. inclination preference n. 倾向，嗜好362. incriminate blame/accuse vt. 归罪，控告363. indigence poverty n. 贫乏，穷困364. induce cause/court/lure vt. 诱使，促使365. influx arrival n. 流入，聚集366. initiate start vt. 开场，发起367. innovation new idea/reformation n. 改革，创新368. insignificant unimportant/trivial adj. 不重要的369. instance case n. 实例，例证370. insult affront/humiliate vt. 侮辱371. integral essential adj. 构成整体必需的372. intermittent periodic adj. 间歇的，断断续续的373. interval period n. 间隔时间374. intervention influence/interference n. 干预，介入375. intimate close adj. 亲密的376. intricate complex adj. 复杂的，总和的377. invade move into/aggress vt. 侵略378. lament complain about vt. 为…悲哀379. lie be located v. 位于380. load weight/task n. 重担，重任381. location place/spot/site/locality n. 位置，地方382. locate pry off vt. 找出定位383. magnify intensify vt. 放大，扩大384. major principal adj. 主要的，大型的385. manage preside over/oversee v. 负责，统辖386. margin edge n. 边缘387. means method n. 方法388. merely only/barely/solely adv. 仅仅389. meteoric rapid adj. 迅速的390. minuscule tiny adj. 极小的391. misconcept misapprehend/misconceive vt. 误解392. modify revise/change vt. 修改393. momentarily briefly adv. 短暂的394. monopolize dominate/preempt v. 垄断，独占395. motif thesis/design n. (作品)主题，主旨396. mundane ordinary/mediocre adj. 平常的，普通的397. myriad many/infinite adj. 无数的398. * the myriad activity of the new land/ myriad topics399. nap sleep briefly n. 打盹400. * take a nap401. nascent immature/fledgeless adj. 新生的402. nevertheless however adv. 然而403. norm standard/criteria n. 标准，规404. note abserve v. 注意到405. notwithstanding despite/in spite of prep. 尽管"* The teams played on, notwithstanding the rain./ Weproceeded, notwithstanding./ Notwithstanding his objections the marriage took place / She went swimming yesterday notwithstanding (that)her mother told her not to."406. noxious harmful/deleterious adj. 有害的407. obstacleimpediment n. 阻碍408. oscillate swing v. 摇摆震荡409. outline summarize v. 总结，概括410. partitioning division n. 划分411. peak maximum/apogee/zenith/vertex n. 顶点，最高点412. peculiar strange/fantastic/exotic adj. 奇异的413. penetrate go through/infiltrate v. 穿透，渗透414. perfect ideal adj. 完美的，理想的415. period era/epoch n. 时代416. periphery outer edge n. 外围417. permeate spread through/saturate/soak vt. 弥漫，渗透418. persist continue vi. 坚持，持续419. pertinent relevent adj. 相关的，切题的420. phenomena events n. 现象421. pick up follow/trace v. 寻找，寻路422. picture image n. 图片423. pit hole n. 坑，地坑424. plunge drop vi. 跳进，投入425. pore hole n. 小孔，气孔426. portable easily moved adj. 便携的427. position job n. 职务428. postulate suggest vt. 要求，假设429. potential possible adj. 可能的，潜在的430. precarious uncertain/unstable/insecure adj. 不稳定的，危险的431. preceding prior to/ahead of 在前的432. predecessor ancestor/antecedent n. 前辈，前任433. preferable favored adj. 更好的，更可取的434. preoccupation involvement n. 当务之急，全神贯注的状态435. presumably probably adv. 据推测，可能436. prevail dominate v. 成功，统治437. prevailing most frequent/dominant adj. 流行的，盛行的438. prized valued/precious adj. 贵重的439. probe explore v. 调查研究440. progressive forward looking adj. 前进的，累进的441. projecting protruding adj. 突出的，伸出的442. prolific productive/fruitful adj. 多产的，多结果443. prospect possibility n. 前景，期望444. prototype model n. 原型445. puncture pierce vt. 刺穿，戳破446. pursue chase v. 追赶447. rather than instead of 相反的448. raw unprocessed/crude adj. 未加工的449. readily easily adv. 容易地，欣然地450. realization awareness/consciousness n. 意识451. reap accept vi. 收割，收获452. reckless irresponsible/rude/imprudent adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的453. recruit enlist vt. 征兵454. refreshing unusual adj. 使人耳目一新455. regardless of no matter what 不管，不管456. reliance dependence n. 依赖，依靠的人或物457. renounce reject/refuse/turn down/decline v. 拒绝，声明放弃458. representative typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的459. reputation good name n. 名声460. resemble be similar to vt. 像，类似461. resourcefulness ingenuity n. 足智多谋462. revere respect vt. 尊崇，尊敬463. revitalize bring new life to v. 新生464. robust strong adj. 强壮的465. rot decay/erode/decompose v. 腐烂466. rotate alternate/turn v. 轮流，〔使〕旋转467. roughly approximately adv. 概略地，大致地468. rudimentary undeveloped adj. 初步的，未发育完全的469. run operate/manipulate v. 操纵470. rupture burst/break out v. 破裂，裂开471. rushing rapid adj. 急流的472. sanitation health n. 〔公共，环境〕卫生473. scale measure/grade/rank/order/caste n. 等级，规模474. scarce rare adj. 缺乏的，稀有的475. scatter irregularly distribute v. 分散476. score musical compositions n. 乐谱477. scurry rush v. 急赶478. secondary ancillary adj. 次要的，伴随的479. secure safe adj. 平安的480. sedentary inactive adj. (人或动物)土生，不移栖的481. sentiment opinion/viewpoint/standpoint n. 意见，观点482. serve as function as v. 充当483. set establish v. 确定，安置484. settle decide v. 决定，解决485. settled stable/standing/not flowing adj. 固定的486. shield protect/safeguard v. 保护487. suspicion doubt n. 疑心488. skyrocket increase rapidly/boost/increase sharply/accelerate/surge vi. 猛涨489. * The prices skyrocketed490. snap break v. 突然折断491. solemn serious adj. 庄严的，肃穆的492. sort out speparate/pick out/select/opt for v. 挑选出493. span cover vt. 跨越494. spark bring out vi. 发起，激起495. speculate hypothesize v. 推测，沉思496. standard customary adj. 标准的497. staple basic element/necessities n. 主要产品，日常必需品498. stimulate encourage/ferment/foster/spur/stimulate/incite/urge v. 刺激，激发499. story level n. 楼层500. strain stress v. 过滤，拉紧501. strength basis n. 实力，根底502. stringent strict adj. 严厉的503. strive try/struggle v. 奋斗，努力。
英文科技论文写作近义词替换词大全
英文科技论文写作近义词替换词大全Part 1AA band of= a herd of=a flock of 一群A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of 一系列Accelerate=speed up加速Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就Attend=participate in 参加Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得Adapt to=integrate into使适应、融为一体Aim.n=objective=goal 目的Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调An array of=a list of =a set of=a series of 一系列Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约Appreciation=interest 欣赏As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而As well as=and和As well=too也Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to=serve与……相连接、附着在……上At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地Automatically ensure=guarantee确保BBe similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似Be used to=be devoted to专门用于Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊Briskly =rapidly=swiftly快速地CCalculate=measure 衡量Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的Chronic=long term 慢性病的Complain=illness 病症Concern n. =focus关心的问题Concern v. =about 与……有关Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解Condition=regulate 调节Confront=encounter=in the face of面临Concern = care关心Consist of=comprise由什么组成Concur with sb=agree with sb 同意某人Contaminate=pollute=poison 污染Contend=assert=cliam断言Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致Cooperate with=work with 与……协作Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为Crop up=crop out=come up 出现DDegenerated=underdeveloped退化Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散Deadly=fateful 致命的Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少Distort reality=far from reality=dishonest不真实的Distinction=difference=nuance 不同之处Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的Distinguish=tell辨别Due to=because of由于Drawback=defect=ill缺点EEat=feed 喂食，进食Endanger=threaten 威胁Engage in=participate in=join in 参与Establish=set up建立Establish=find out=figure out=work out查明Evolvement=development=progress发展、发育Emphasize=stress 强调（v）Embark upon=start=launch开始Enlighten=illuminate=instruct=educate启蒙、给予知识Entire=whole 全部Exceptional=extremely 特别（特别好）FFail to do=failure to do=can not do没有能够做Far from=not at all根本不Fault=flaw=defect错误Form=shape=mould形成Foundation=basis基础Finance=sponsor=fund 提供赞助（金钱）Free=release=set free释放Frequently=often 经常GGreat milestone=impact=effect=influence对……具有很重要的影响力Grant=give授予Gas=petrol石油HHold=harbor=embrace拥有Halt=stop=hamper(v.) 阻止、使停滞Hurdle=barrier(n.) 阻碍IIdentical=the same一模一样Imitate=impersonate模仿Incline to do=tend to do倾向于做某事Indicate=show=suggest=signify=identify表明Identify=recognize鉴别In reaction to=respond to 对……起反应Interpret=illustrate解释Introduce to=import to引入KKey (a.)=important=significant=crucial=essential=play a vital/ an important part/role in重要的，关键的Key (n.)=approach=means=method=technique方法LLikelihood=possibility可能性Link-up=connection 联系MMaster=grasp 掌握Match sth to=assign sth to把……和……搭配起来Misconception=misunderstanding=mistaken view错误的理解Modify=change=alter修改、改变Manifestation=demonstration 显示、表明NNature=character=characteristics本质、特点Non-toxic= less poisonous=safe 无毒的、安全的Novel a.=fresh=new=up to date 新潮的、创新的Numerous= a number of 许多OOwing to=thanks to =contribute to多亏……，有赖于……PPattern=format形式，模式Pattern=design图案Pore over=study 研究Poisonous=toxic 有毒的Portray=describe描写塑造(v.)Portrait=description描写塑造(n.)Preserve=store 储存Prevailing=popular=prevalent 盛行的Present day=modern society 现代社会、现在时代Prodigious effort=enormous effort重大的努力Produce=trigger=generate=spawn=bring about=result=breed=spawn 激发、产生Provide=offer 提供Protect A from B =shelter A from B 使A不受B的侵害QQuestionnaire=survey 问卷调查RReadily=easily=accessible 容易地Reflect=consider考虑Relate to=understand=appreciate理解Rely on=depend on 依靠……Remarkable=extraordinary 特别突出的（好的事物）Replace=take the place of 取代Residue=remains=relics=relicts=ruins剩余物、废墟Resemble=like=as像SShow=reflect表现Significance=importance 重要性State=Situation=circumstance 状况,状态,情形Striking=noticeable值得注意地Struggle for=strive for 努力地争取Substantial=considerable 想当可观的Success=achievement=great outcome=great progress=huge development成功、成就Surprising=unexpectedly uncommon令人吃惊的TTake to=be used to=get used to 对……习惯Tale=story=fairytale 故事Talent=gift 天赋Tuition=formal teaching正式的学校教育Turn to=consult 寻求帮助、求助于Toxic=poisonous 有毒的UUnbiased=without prejudice 无立场、不带任何偏见的Up to=depend on/upon=rely on 由……决定Universal=popular普遍VVirtue=advantage=strength 优点好处WWork out=figure out=reckon 计算出、作出Part 21解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative, essential9认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19 保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably 21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23发生：Happen, occur, take place24原因：Reason, factor, cause25发展：Development, advance, progress26有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27影响：Influence, impact, effect28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly 34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another anglePart 31. Concern with = relate to 与有关2. grow= increase= riseconcentrate on = focus on3. Under the title=name achievement =success4. tend to do sth = plane to do sth/ want to do sth5. be associated with = be connected with = be linked to 与……有关联6. approach = method = way = key intensely= extremely = very7. establish= found = set up establishment = organization8. offer sb sth =supply sb with sth =provide sb with sth= grant9. argument= disagreementwork = materpiece 著作10. contract = agreement合同，合约no= without = have no 没有11. chaos = mess 混乱monument= landmark里程碑12. help sb with = assist sb in doing sth=reach a hand to sb帮助某人作某事13. draw from = take fromleading = outstanding14. competitor= rival recognize as = look/assume asPart 41. dislike=distaste2. test = examine3. effect= impact=influencefrom…to = range from…to…4. ignore = neglectas per=according to5. unfold= carry on be reluctant to do=reject=refuse6. before = prior to7. predict = estimate =anticipateobey= abide by = comply with8. account for= explain= elucidate=illustrate in essence = in fact=indeed9. discrepancy=difference=shade forgo=give up10. context =environment=sircumstance=situation11. radical different=extremely different put another way=in other words12. sort out= find out= figure out plausible = reasonable12. fear=worrypollute = contaminate13. predict= anticipate=forecastoverstate = exaggerate14. in great number of = in _____ number ofactually=indeed15. disappear= extinct灭绝seem to do =assume to do16. solve = cope with=deal with解决accelerate = speed up17. impact = effect =influenceresponse to = react to18. opinion poll= survey reason = factor 原因、因素19. entitle= name overwhelming=dominant20. field =domain 学科领域oppose=against21. for example=such as=for instance=sayaltruistic=non-selfish22. lead to=result in 导致extremely=seriously 严重地23. perception = view 观点、看法association=society协会24. encounter with = face=confront面对postpone to=delay25. pressing=urgent紧急、急迫measure=solution=method解决方法26. key=crucial =significant=importmant关键、重要27. but=yet enormous importance=great/significant28. launch=startderive from = get from29. revert to= get back todistinction=identity30. immense =greatin the domain of=in the field of31. couple with = along withamass dollar=accumulate dollar32. essential feature = principleseize=grasp33. innovative=fresh drab=dull/single34. entirely=totallybe restricted to=be limited to35. needs=demand36. dub=call=name reflex=reaction/response37. result from=originate frombe critical for = be important to38. demanding=difficultretune=adjust39. seek for =search foroutlook=view40. figure out = find outtrack=follow41. in response to=respond to = react to42. prominence=importance revolution=invention43. in relation to= in association withsociety = association44. treatise=workfeature=characteristics45. commercial exploitation =commercializedo with=due to=because of46. objective = impersonal=impartialfoster=develop47. account=explanation=illustrationsubstantial=consider=enough48. be acknowledged=be realizedpilot program=trial program49. configuration=structurephenomenal=surprising50. make stride=make progressregardless of=despite of51. perpetuate=keep=maintainaccess to sth=get sth52. vital importance=extremely important53. rest=depositartificial=manmade54. make a comeback=return=re-enterbig=popular55. ignite=trigger a field of=a domain of56. encompass=unifyimply=indicate57. breakthrough=milestonearound the corner=is coming58. materialize=realizetide=trend59. agency=organizationreckon=deem60. approach=methodspot=find out61. boost=promoteprospect=future62. feature=portray elusive=pessimistic63. match up to sth=equal with impressive=great64. impact=effect=influencefragile=vulnerable65. indigenous people=native peopletend to=look after66. undermine=destroy=damageinevitable=unavoidable67. renaissance=revive for instance=for example68. operate=run69. failure=incidentrare=unusually70. tension=pressurecompression=pressure71. prime=get ready to doinclusion=impurity72. occur=happenanalyze=closely examine73. detect=examine74. trigger=produceinduce=encourage75. regardless=in spite of considerable=substantial76. important =crucial77. opinon=perspective, standpoint78. fame=prestige79. relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)80. force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do somethings/he does not want to),compel81. enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)82. Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her83. small=minuscule(very small), minute84. praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)85. hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly86. difficult=arduous(if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)87. show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)88. avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it89. fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)90. always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)91. forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will neverchange or be changed)92. quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)93. expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)94. respect=esteem95. worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)96. cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)97. dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)98. nowadays=currently99. stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing) 100. part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)101. difficult=formidable102. strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)103. rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 104. approximately将近-nearly, almost105. dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)106. scholarship=fellowship107. attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)108. diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists ofmany different kinds of things)109. rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)110. despite=not withstanding(FORMAL)111. best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)112. sharp=acute(severe and intense)113. unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen114. famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)115. ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 116. possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)117. of=necessary to118. without=free from119. about=concerning=related to120. 在…方面:in …ways=in …aspects/respects/perspectives121. 用…方法：in…ways=in…fashion=in …manner122. rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off123. poor = needy = impoverished124. good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous125. bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable126. healthy = robust = sound = wholesome127. surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous128. energetic = dynamic = vigourous =animated129. 难的：difficult=troublesome=burdensome=thorny130. 不可或缺的：necessary=indispensable=inevitable=irreplaceable=unavoidable 131. 重要的：important=crucial, critical, essential, vital132. =be importance=be of cruciality=be of criticality= be of essentiality=be of vitality133. 巨大的：large=enormous, tremendous, considerable, appreciable134. 正确的（correct）=仔细的(careful)=arduous=assiduous 135. 有道理的：reasonable=rational and plausible136. 吸引人的：attractive=inviting and appealing137. 足够的：adequate and sufficient138. 日常：daily = day-to-day = everyday139. improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize140. solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 141. destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate142. develop = cultivate = foster = nurture143. encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur144. complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve145. destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize146. influence= impact147. danger = perils =hazards148. human beings= mankind = humane race149. old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 150. teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers151. education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing152. young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents153. responsibility = obligation = duty = liability154. 因素：cause, reason=factor, determinant155. 联系：relationship(relate A to B) =connection(connect A to B ) =association(associate A to B)156. 优点：advantage=benefit=superiority=merit = favorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirableaspects/respects/perspectives157.disadvantage=detriment=inferiority=defect=deficiency=unfavorable aspects/respects/perspectives=undesirable aspects/respects/perspectives158. enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment159. children = offspring = descendant = kidPart 51. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of6. 对…有益处：be good for.=do good to=be beneficial to=be advantageous to=be conducive to7. 对…有害处：be harmful/bad for =be detrimental to =be disadvantageous to =be pernicious to8. 集中精力于：focus on= concentrate on= concentrate/ fix/ focus one’s attention ondevote oneself todedicate oneself tocommit oneself toengage oneself inemploy oneself in9. 认为：think = argue, assert, contend, claim, maintain, notehold the viewpoint thathold the standpoint thathold the perspective thatharbour an idea/opinion thatembrace a view that10. 反对：be against=reject, object, oppose =be opposed to =become hostile to11. 支持：support=take sides with =advocate =lend support to =sing high praise of12. 导致：lead to=trigger =result in, bring about, contribute to=give rise to, give birth to, be responsible for13. (归咎于：be ascribed to=be attributed to)14. 发展(develop)，提高(increase)，改善(improve)=A 及物动词组promote, advance, enhance, reinforce 名词promotion, advancement, enhancement, reinforcement=B 不及物动词rocket, boom, flourish, prosper 15. 有：负面含义：suffer, run high risk of正面含义：boast, embrace16. 中性含义：face=be faced with=be possessed of面临，面对：be faced with=be encountered with=be poised on the brink of17. 破坏：destroy, damage=A decompose, destruct=B endanger, threaten=C impair, decimate, deteriorate=D exercise/practice/perform damage/danger…upon18. 阻碍：limit=A restrict, restrain, constrict, constrain=B obstacle, barricade=C smother, curb=D hinder, impede19. 下结论：make a conclusion= draw a conclusion that= reach a conclusion that= arrive at a conclusion that= hammer a conclusion that= crystallize a conclusion that20. 使用：use=employ, apply, adopt,=resort to21. innovate/ invent22. attend to/ take care of23. balanced/ equitable24. virtual (love)/ simulate25. small-scale小范围/ marginal边缘处的26. dialect方言accent腔调27. look like/ resemble28. chronic长期的,慢性的long-term长期的29. on-line /net/ cyber30. solely/ merely/ only31. deplete开采完，耗尽/ exhaust32. category-categorize/ class-classify?。
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SCI写作经典替换词，瞬间高大上！1. individuals, characters, folks替换people, persons.2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good.3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。
）4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most替换many.5. a slice of, quiet a few替换some.6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替换think。
7. affair, business, matter替换thing.8. shared替换common.9. reap huge fruits替换get many benefits.10. for my part, from my own perspective替换in my opinion.11. Increasing(ly), growing替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。
所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）12. little if anything或little or nothing替换hardly.13. beneficial, rewarding替换helpful.14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser替换customer.15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very.16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable.17. indispensable替换necessary.18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb替换sb take interest in/sb. be interested in.19. capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.20. facet, demension, sphere替换aspect.21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of替换indicate, suggest, fear.22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger替换cause.23. There are several reasons behind sth替换…reasons for sth.24. desire替换want.25. pour attention into替换pay attention to.26. bear in mind that替换remember.27. enjoy, possess替换have（注意process是过程的意思）。
28. interaction替换communication.29. frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth.30. as an example替换for example, for instance.31. next to/virtually impossible替换nearly/almost impossible.32. regarding/concerning替换about.33. crucial /paramount替换important.34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.35. assiduous替换hard-working.36. arduous替换difficult.37. underdeveloped/financially-challenged替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.38. demonstrate/manifest替换show.39. invariably替换always.40. perilous/hazardous替换dangerous.41. formidable替换difficult.42. quintessential替换typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）。
43. distinguished替换famous.44. feasible替换possible.45. consequently, accordingly替换so.46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that…47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.（不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。
）Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection----state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.（在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。
）Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.（suggest，又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。
）Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.（argue，引用别人观点的又一表述。
）According to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.（根据……）Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.（带有小小的强调）48. 常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore…用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。
比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……。