四级讲义
大学英语四级作文讲义
1. Young people may find going abroad appealing because they really enjoy it. (空洞句) Young people may find going abroad appealingbecause we can learn a lot and broad oue view ina different counties.2. The reason I like surfing the Internet because it is my favorite hobby. （句子碎片）The reason why is that ………It is widely accepted/ believed thatIt goes without saying that3. Mobile phone is very common in our society, about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it.Mobile phone is very common in our society and about 1/3 of city dwellers have become accustomed to using it（标点）4. Some students did not choose their courses wisely, consequently, their credits for college admission were inadequate.Some students did nit choose their course wisely ,consequently; (分号)5. I kept on thinking about failing in NINEM for MA/MS in last year. Why? Because of the time.Because of the time is limited. （从句不可以成为主句）6. I am going to have a lot of activities during the summer vacation. For example playing in the field, climbing the mountain, and traveling by train.for example 后一般只跟一样东西such as 可以在后面加许多7. College students doing part-time jobs is good to his family, himself and the society.to their family theirselves and the society(错误指代)8. I will meet with lots of difficulties, but I think I can overcome it. (faulty reference)9. Finding a good apartment is as difficult as to pay the rent.10. The canteen should setup several televisions. Improvement of the Sentence Writing1. Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2. Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in the past 15 years.3. Such belief is wrong and dangerous.As a matter of fact ,such belief is unfortunately wrong and possible dangerous (副词)4. There are two reasons for the effect.There are two possible resons fot the this dangerous effect (形容词)5. I think we can take three measures to solve the problem.Three measure , I think can be taken to solve the problem. （插入语）6. It seems that the first part is better written than the other parts.the first part ,it seem s is better than the other parts（插入语）7. We are making great efforts to improve our English. Great efforts are being made to improve （多用被动语态)8. Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools.Many eveing schools are made called to existence by social demands(多用被动语态)9. Diplomas are very attractive because it is demanded by our society.Why are these diplones so attractive and charming ?The reason for this is that it is (无中生有)10. English studying is very common because it is widely used in our society.11. Living in the countryside is the best thing for me.Nothing could be better for me than living in the countryside(反问陈述)12. Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.It is impossible to pick up an newspaper without fing ads13. We can see from the above graphs that from 1990 to 1995 the price of meat was on the rise, while consumption increased.14. Although we hold different attitudes towards opportunity, no one should neglect its importance.Different as the attitudes one ,no one (as的作用)15. As is shown by the two graphs, from 1800 to 1900, with the rapid growth of U.S. population, the number of species no longer existing shot up, adding up to 70 in 1990.During the period of the time from16. Pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.17. Beijing has won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Game! Many college students could not sleep that night because they were so excited.18. Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.19. The style of living has become more and more popular and accepted by more and more young people.20. More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that women should enjoy full equality with men.21. Teachers are called “engineers of human soul”.22. Does television have more advantages than disadvantages?23. I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.24. True friends will be very proud of your progress. If you face difficulties true friends will encourage you.①空洞句②句子碎片③标点④分号⑤从句不可成为主句⑥破折号⑦错误指代⑨平行结构⑩被动⑾要用人做主语⑿形容词和副词⒀插入语⒁无中生有⒂⒃陈述⒄冗余结构⒅反面绪论的句型————文章的开头段部分第一类：选择题型的开头For most people today, ____________has become their main source of__________, but as forme, __________should be regarded as a better source.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of____________. Somepeople suggest that, while others argue that____________, l agree with the latter.It is a quite controversial argument whether_____________. In my opinion, l think that____________is a better idea because of_____________.It is often difficult for some people to decide whether ___________. But for others, the advantages of__________ always outweigh the disadvantages.From my point of view it is more advisable to choose______________ rather than____________.People differ greatly in their attitudes towards this problem. Some people hold the opinion that____________. Others, on the contrary, maintain that ____________. Personally, I stand on the side of____________.Despite the fact that most of them like____________, I would like to choose to_____________. 第二类：判断题型的开头赞成类l agree with the statement to some extent that ___________.I can see both advantages and disadvantages to_____________. Overall, l think it is a good idea. Consequently I agree with the title statement that________________.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that______________.Many people advocate that___________, they claim that_______________, my opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.At first glance, it seems very difficult for us to draw a definite concIusion that_______________is right or wrong, because it has both advantages and disadvantages.However, after serious considerahons we can see that under most cireumstances _____________ will do more good than harm.Two different opinions obviously exist to support and to oppose. After pondering theopinions from several aspects, personally, I agree with the idea that____________.反对类Nowadays, the problem of _____________has aroused public attention. Some peoplecriticize that. They believe that____________. However, I firmly objectto this argument.Until recently, ______________ was viewed as the prime argument, but people are taking a fresh look at it.Although it is an admirable idea, ____________ is not always a realistic option.Thinking logically, I can only say that this statement is valid because.Some people think that_______________, frankly speaking, I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.To make it an extreme, the majority would argue that __________．It is essentialFor______________.第三类：论述题型的开头One of the hottest topics many People talk about now is___________.It has become apparent to us that______________.____________ plays a vital part in everyone's daily work and life.In the past few years, there has been a growing trend that____________.One of the universal issues thet draw growing concern is_____________._______________. This view has been shared now by more and more people.____________ is known as one of the most serious problems in today's society. We can see it almost everywhere. This phenomenon is the result of several reasons.With the development of society, _____________.In recent years, many cities have been faced with the serious problem of___________.One of the great writers once said that__________. Now it still has a realisticsignificance.When asked about ___________,people have al1 kind of views concerning it. From mypoint of view, ____________.本论的句型————文章的理由段部分承上启下的过渡句型In my opinion, the phenomenon __________is mainly due to several factors.A number of reasons may help at this point.This quite different view is based on the propensity of following points.Putting too much emphasis on ___________ may result in obscuring other facts.To assume that ________ is destined to miss the following points.The reasons and examples 1isted below will strengthen my point of view.阐述理由的句型The main problem with this argument is that ___________.The root cause for __________ is____________.The most immediate reason for ___________ is ___________.One of the factor accounts for is that _____________.举例This offers a typical instance of ____________.Take __________ for example.We may cite a common example of ___________.结论的句型——文章的结论部分In short,___________. In sum,___________.In summary, ___________. In a word, __________.Taking into account of all these factors, I think that ___________.Based on the points discussed above, we can see ___________.With the improvement of ___________, ___________ will prove to hold great superiority over ____________.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _________. There are a lot of details to consider, but al1 in all, I support the idea that _________.While it is true that the argument I disagree hold a little bit of water, I think that ____________. 问题解决提出解决方案Measures must be taken toIt is high time we had toIt is pressing/indispensable/essential that proper actions/effective measures should be taken to Great efforts should be put into/focused onWe need to take a fresh/clear look/view at this matter/problem/situation /in a new perspective/ from a new standpoint.最佳、最重要解决方案的句型What we can do is simply toThe best approach/solution to … isIt is urgent/pressing/significant/practical/feasible to应用文常用句型常见辩论话题理由1．SmokingFor：1．it is pleasurable and relaxing2．it is one's right3．it is difficult to stop smoking4．it is an old custom going back hundreds of years5．it is not always dangerous to one's health6．it makes socializing easier7．it is an important source of tax revenue8．intoxication is a natural drive (e.g., coffee, drugs, alcohol)Against:1．it is harmful to one's health (e.g., heart disease, bronchial trouble, lung cancer )2．it is harmful to those nearby3．it is a dirty and expensive habit4．it is addictive (i.e., nicotine)5．it is quickly being banned in public areas6．it lives off deceptive advertising2．School UniformsFor：1．they build character2．they eliminate class differences3．they allow students to better concentrate on their studies4．they are popular with parents and administrators5．they are inexpensive6．they are attractive and neat7．they eliminate the need to choose what to wear every day8．many countries have themAgainst：1．they lead to conformity2．they are disliked by students (students like to primp)3．they create a military mentality4．they are an infringement on our freedom (different strokes for different folks) 5．they are ugly and childish6．they deprive youths of an important choice: what to wear7．they are losing popularity everywhere3．Legalized GamblingFor：1．it reduces taxes2．it is a source of government revenue3．it is gaining popularity in the world4．it is an old practice dating back thousands of years5．it is pleasurable (e.g., horse racing, casinos)6．it is voluntary7．many people play poker and mahjongAgainst：1．it is banned in most countries2．it is condemned by most religions3．it can become addictive4．it encourages people to throw away their hard-earned savings5．it teaches people not to work for money6．it can destroy happy families7．it can lead to suicide8．it is easily controlled by the Mafia (e.g., bookmakers )4．City LifeFor：1．it is exciting2．it attracts people from the countryside3．it offers the best schools, hospitals, and stores4．it offers many amenities (e.g., swimming pools, bowling alleys, and sports stadiums ) 5．it offers many chances of employment6．its noise and overcrowding are hardly noticeable7．cities have an efficient public transportation system8．city planners can create a good living environment 9．crime can be found in the countryside as wellAgainst ：1．it is unhealthy (e.g., water and air pollution )2．it is not a good environment for children3．it is devoid of Nature and distinct seasons4．it is noisy and dangerous5．it makes people nervous and even neurotic6．it has created awful slums7．cities are overcrowded and expensive8．many city dwellers long to return to the countryside 9．city housing projects are unpopular5．Informing Patients Of CancerFor：1．patients want to know2．it is wrong to hide the truth3．it is not a shock for the patient but for his family4．it gives the patient a chance to plan his last days5．it is the patient' s body, not the doctor' s6．doctors are for it (in the U. S.)7．it allows a person to choose alternate means of treatment Against：1．it is heartless and cruel2．it may make the patient give up3．it causes depression4．it can lead to suicide5．most relatives are against it6．a white lie can save undue suffering7．doctors are against it (in Japan)6．Social SecurityFor：1．the state should help the poor, aged, unemployed, and sick 2．the state should provide good health care for its citizens 3．the strong must help the weak4．Social Darwinism is outdated5．there will always be social misfits that need help6．all religions stress charity7．all advanced countries have some form of social securityAgainst ：1．it costs too much2．it encourages laziness and destroys the work ethic3．it does not work efficiently4．people should look after themselves5．it results in heavy taxes6．Social Darwinism tells us that life is the "survival of the fittest" 7．there are no freebies in life7．CoeducationFor ：1．it is natural (i.e., adult society is not segregated )2．it gives men and women a chance to better understand one another 3．it gives men and women a chance to compete with one another 4．it is the modern trend5．it has many practical advantages (e.g., school plays, music groups) 6．it produces well-adjusted adults7．most parents prefer coeducation.8．separate schools foster sexual rivalry9．women become neurotic in all-women' s schoolsAgainst ：1．women do better academically in their own colleges2．women are in college to get an education, not a husband 3．women have their own values to develop4．it can lead to intimacy and promiscuity5．it is still rare in some countries6．it is opposed by some parents7．it robs women of their self-confidence8．separate schools have existed for centuries9．marry great men and women attended separate schools8．Corporal PunishmentFor ：1．children are not adults2．children respect discipline3．it is a check on excessive permissiveness4．it does no permanent damage because children are hardy creatures 5．it is opposed only by mixed-up psychologists6．it is a form of training7．it builds real character8．it reinforces the authority of teachers and parents9．it works to control juvenile delinquency10. there is the saying: Spare the rod and spoil the childAgainst ：1．it is barbarous2．Freud said it is wrong3．love is better than physical punishment4．it can cause psychological problems5．it is not necessary if children are raised correctly6．it is an emotional, irrational response7．it can result in a lawsuit8．beatings have been known to result in death9．there is the saying : Violence begets violence9．Organ TransplantsFor ：1．they prolong life2．they are supported by the medical profession3．they enhance medical science4．they are a challenge to surgeons5．critically ill people want transplants in order to live6．costs will come down as the surgery becomes routine7．there is no "time" to die8．death is defined as brain death9．the drugs cyclosporine and FK-506 have helped eliminate the problem of rejection Against ：1．they are too expensive2．they favor the rich3．they encourage the poor in Third World countries to sell their organs4．they are unnatural as seen by the body' s rejection5．they are often unsuccessful6．the idea is sinister7．Nature has decided when we should die8．the process of deciding who gets the next available organ is unfair9．there is as yet no agreement on what constitutes death (brain -dead versus heart-dead)10．Civil DisobedienceFor ：1．it draws attention to unjust of unconstitutional laws2．it is a matter of religious or moral convictions3．it is the only way to fight oppression4．it is usually nonviolent5．it is used only in extreme circumstances6．it goes back to the time of Jesus Christ7．it is common, like cheating on taxes and illegal parking8．God' s laws take precedence over man' s laws9．protestors are ready to accept punishment for their beliefs10．many famous people have engaged in civil disobedience (e.g., Mahatma Gandhi and Andrei Sakharov)11．there are many famous examples such as the Boston Tea Party and conscientious objectors during the Vietnam WarAgainst ：1．no one is above the law2．it can quickly destroy law and order3．it leads to anarchy4．it leads to contempt for all laws5．protestors are cowards trying to escape punishment6．protestors often resort to violence7．the democratic process should be used to effect change11．AbortionFor ：1．it is a woman' s fundamental right, say abortion-rights advocates2．it is necessary for unwed mothers3．it is necessary for rape victims4．it is necessary in some cases to save a mother' s life5．procreation is a couple' s choice6．it is a form of birth control7．poor, illiterate women want it8．most women support it9．it is necessary to prevent overpopulation10．it prevents unwanted babies from coming into the world11．it is not murder because a fetus is not yet a human beingAgainst：1．it is murder (infanticide), say anti-choice groups2．life begins at conception3．it is an unnatural practice4．it is immoral because only God can take a life5．a fetus is a human being-unborn but viable6．the rights of a fetus must be protected7．it is painful for the fetus-a barbaric practice8．it is not the same as other modern birth-control devices9．it causes many women to have guilt feelings10．unwanted babies can be put up for adoption12．CensorshipFor ：1．it is for the good of society2．it protects children3．every society has some form of censorship4．the individual is less important than the community 5．absolute freedom leads to anarchy6．many adults are not mature enough to make their own decisions 7．it can be carried out wisely8．pornography is not art9．pornography is in the hands of unscrupulous people 10．obscene works should be banned11．it is necessary in times of warAgainst ：1．it limits the individual' s freedom and human rights2．it is not consistent with democracy3．it is subjective and not objective4．it creates the problem of who will censor5．it is disappearing in advanced countries6．it deprives adults of their right to make decisions7．it can be applied to all aspects of our lives8．it is the first step toward totalitarianism9．it draws attention to banned works and increases sales 10．voluntary censorship is better13．Equality Of the SexesFor ：1．we all have the same Creator2．matriarchal societies go back thousands of years3．all advanced societies have given women equal rights 4．most companies have adopted equal pay for equal work 5．there are no skills women cannot master6．there are even women body builders7．men have a basic inferiority complex8．women are more interested in peace than men9．some world leaders are women (e.g., Margaret Thatcher )10．women are superior to men in some fields11．no scientific studies back up the stereotypes men have of women Against ：1．women have a different biological function2．women are physically weaker than men3．women can' t be mothers and career women at the same time 4．many women want to depend on men5．most women want to stay at home and be mothers6．women haven' t been given the vote in some countries 7．women are emotional and irrational8．women think intuitively (no famous women philosophers) 9．hormones cause women to behave differently14．Foreign AidFor ：1．it is humane2．the rich should help the poor3．all religions teach charity4．it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy5．it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery6．it is given by all advanced countries7．it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations8．it helped rebuild Japan and Germany9．it increases world trade10．it achieves political objectives11．it promotes national securityAgainst ：1．it is degrading to the recipient2．it is never appreciated3．it leads to feelings of inferiority4．it limits the independence of developing countries5．it subsidizes laziness6．it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials7．it supports Third World dictatorships8．it can be culturally damaging9．it has divided the United Nations10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people15．DivorceFor ：1．it is the logical solution to a bad marriage2．it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage3．it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia4．it is legally recognized by most countries5．it is accepted by most people6．remarriage is a right7．it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and physical cruelty8．children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment 9．feminists support itAgainst ：1．it breaks up the family2．it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage3．it is opposed by various religions4．it is banned by some countries5．it was uncommon until fifty years ago6．marriage is a serious responsibility7．it is a sign of immaturity8．counseling is the solution9．it harms children emotionally10．children need both parents11．child custody decisions are messy16．Compulsory Military ServiceFor ：1．it aims to strengthen national defense2．it teaches young men discipline3．it builds character and physical fithess4．it teaches valuable skills5．it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality6．it offers opportunities for overseas travel7．it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)8．it reduces unemployment9．it instills a sense of patriotismAgainst：1．it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies2．it is a step away from peace3．some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)4．today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower5．it interrupts young men' s studies and careers6．it is a useless experience7．it is a source of slave labor8．it results in bullying and conformity9．it does not build character10．it can cause mental disorders11．military skills are useless in private industry17．V oluntary EuthanasiaFor ：1．it is a basic right-the right to die2．the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "3．it allows one to die with dignity4．it allows one to choose the time and place of death5．it is logical and humane6．it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid) 7．it is painless8．it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering9．the dying want it10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines Against ：1．it is murder or suicide2．it is illegal in most countries3．most doctors oppose it4．it is a first step to killing the old and infirm5．it is irreversible in the event of a new cure6．only God can end a life7．most religions oppose it8．suicide is always irrational9．the dying are too sick to know what they want10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance18．Capital PunishmentFor：1．it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )2．it serves as a just reward for killers3．it lowers crime rates4．it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)5．in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped 6．most countries practice it7．killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures8．a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years9．killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologistsAgainst ：1．it frightens no one2．it is motivated by revenge and not justice3．it does not lower crime rates4．it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)5．it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)6．it is unjust because only God can take away life7．the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation 8．killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment9．the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries19．Trade ProtectionismFor ：1．industries need government protection2．no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed3．agriculture must be protected for national security reasons4．real free trade doesn' t exist and never has5．national security is more important than idealistic trade principles6．it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous7．every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture8．there are various forms of free-market economy9．every nation should have an industrial policy10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever meansAgainst ：1．it invites retaliation2．it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis3．it impedes world trade and prosperity4．it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries5．it leads to trade wars6．it makes industries less competitive7．it costs taxpayers large sums of money8．it gives consumers less choice9．it is denounced by most nations10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, certification, and distribution20．Nuclear PowerFor：1．it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel2．it is the best source of energy for countries without oil3．the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years4．it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries5．it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed6．it is safe if properly supervised7．nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants8．the issue has become far too emotionalAgainst ：1．it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)2．most people are afraid of it3．the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing4．it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)5．radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of6．it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare7．certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons8．nuclear plants are expensive to build9．the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer。
大学英语四级讲义
第三讲英语写作中常见病句现象1. 文稿格式问题题目大小写和标点符号，文中标点符号，行文格式，人名/地名等专有名词。
2. 拼写问题拼写是考生应该具备最起码基本功，但在考生作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。
有拼写错误作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容表达，通常会降低作文档次。
3. 不一致问题不一致问题主要包括数（单复数）不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致、主谓不一致、时态/人称/数搭配错误等。
例1. 误：When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.正：Once one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do).剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句have应改为has ；同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型主谓不一致。
例2. 误：My father and my mother is all teacher. 正：My father and my mother are both teachers.例3. 误：When I get to the station the train leave. 正：When I got to the station the train had left.汉语动词无时态、人称和数变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。
4. 代词误用英语中代词形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。
而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略，代词误用是考生最容易发生错误。
例4. 误：I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.正：My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.5. 串句串句，指英语写作中错把两个独立分句硬性地揉在一起而不加任何标点符号或连词。
大学英语四级(cet4)语法讲义
四级语法讲义一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。
谓语动词的时态见下表：1．主动形式2．被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态：一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。
(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be mad e to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; besimilarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。
【英语语法】英语四级语法讲义：人称代词概说
【英语语法】英语四级语法讲义：人称代词概说人称代词概说表示我#39;，、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词，叫做人称代词。
人称代词的用法1)人称代词主格的用法a)作主语I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks，You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.He is a barber.(理发员) The yare barbers.She is a nurse.(护士)The yare nurses.It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.b)作表语It#39;s I .是我。
Oh，it#39;s you. 噢，是你。
[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。
(见上面例句)[注二]口语习惯上不说it#39;s I (he, she等)，而说It#39;s me (him，her等)。
2)人称代词宾格的用法a)作及物动词的宾语The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。
Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。
This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?b)作介词的宾语My brother often writes tome.我弟弟常给我写信。
They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。
3)人称代词的其他用法各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。
如：We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。
In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。
大学英语四级写作讲义
一．The main types of guided writing:1. 提纲式作文：Directions:Women make a great contribution to the progress of modern society. But there are still some people who don’t agree with it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper based on the following outline.1. Role of women in modern society2. Prejudices and discrimination against women3. My commentY ou should write about 200 words within 40 minutes.Women play an important part in modern society. Now many women are going into professions, such as medicine, law and engineering. They comprise a large part of the workers in offices and factories. Many jobs they are engaged in are in line with their special capabilities of their sex. In addition, some of are working up to important positions which used to be held mainly by men. There are even some businesses which are run completely by women. It is obvious that women are making an outstanding contribution to the progress of modern society.There are, however, still some people who assert that men are superior to women in many ways. In the first place, many jobs men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough. They believe that women are the weaker sex – both physically and emotionally. Thus, women are naturally suited, much more so than men, to the performance of domestic duties. According to them, a woman’s place is within the protective environment of the home. Secondly, most of the world-famous scientists and statesmen are found to be males. Finally, the whole society seems to have always been dominated by men only. In their opinion, men should enjoy more rights than do women.Personally, I’m firmly standing on the side of those women right defenders. Since both men and women are equally important in human activities, they should be on an equal footing. (242 words)2. 提纲图表式作文：Directions: In this part, you are to write an essay of about 200 words within 40 minutes. Study the following table care fully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Y ou should quote as few figures as possible.Outline: 1. Changes in people’s daily expanses in the past five years2. Possible reasons for the changesIn the past five years, there have been great changes in people’s daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 per cent in 2001. However, there was a rapid increase in clothing expenses, which made up 15% in 2001. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses.What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. T o begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributes to the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family incomes of people both in the city and in the country have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living conditions improve, the demand for a variety of recreations is growing steadily, too.In short, with the incomes continuing to rise, people will no longer resign themselves to living a dull, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreations. (219 words)3．规定情景式作文：Directions: Migrant workers (外地民工) have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. In this part, you are to write within 40 minutes a composition of 200 words about “The Role of Migrant Workers”. Y ou can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should have supporting reasons.As is known to all, migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities. They are an indispensable part of our work force. Most of them work on construction sites. There is no doubt that without migrant workers many of construction projects would have to be held up for lack of manpower. In addition, a large number of migrant workers are a beneficial factor, which enhances the consumption of food and daily items. This in turn helps to develop food industry and service trades in cites. All these are positive aspects of migrant workers in cities.However, as a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides”. The same is the case with migrant workers. Firstly, most of them are not welleducated and professionally trained. Some of them have had very little schooling. As you know. Illiterate people, who are usually ignorant of the law, tend to make trouble, thus endangering social order. Secondly, most of the migrant workers swarm into big cities just to make money. Being illiterate or unskilled, some of them would stop at nothing to get what they are ambitious for. Therefore, they are a potential threat to the peace and stability of society.In my opinion, in the appraisal of migrant workers, it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them. (244 words)二、The structure of a paragraph and its development:1. Structure of a paragraph: topic sentence, development sentence andconcluding sentence.2. Ways of developing a paragraph:1) Comparison and contrast (对比法)2) Cause and effect (因果法)3) Exemplification (举例法)4) Generalization and qualification (概述法)5) Argument (议论法)三、Some sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing :---关于利弊、优缺点的句型：1. S + have (or has ) a lot of advantages over ….. (与….相比有许多优点)译：汽车与自行车相比有许多优点。
大学英语四级语法讲义
大学英语四级主要语法句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。
顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：1)，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。
一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
如：Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。
形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
四级听力讲义 第一课 音标讲解
Lecture 1----Pronunciation & Listening(自学内容)英语元音（20个）1.单元音12个包括前元音4个/i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/，中元音2个/ ə / / ə：/ ，后音6个/u:/ /u/ /ɔ: / / ɔ / /ʌ / /ɑ: /2.双元音8个合口双元音（发音时口形由开大变缩小）5个/ ei/ /ɑi / /ɔi / /əu / /ɑu /集口双元音（以中元音/ ə / 收尾的双元音）3个/eə / /iə / /uə //i:/-----Keep feet week see bee meet tree fee eelHeat feast beast steal read speak teacher/i/-----it pit milk pin ill bill is kiss pig sit did fit bit/e/----- head ate egg fetch beg F S X N M/æ/----- Cat, cat, catch that fat rat./ ə /----- father mother teacher sister/ ə: /----- earn learn burn urge early learner turnip urgent/u:/ ----- food fool hoop whom moon noon zoo tool/u/----- book cook good look/ɔ:/-----lord cord（细绳）sort form norm bought caught sought fought naught sport/ɔ/----- lot log pot got Tom plot spot gloss（光泽）smog clock blog/ʌ /----- but cut luck fuss（大惊小怪）mud nut butter cutter lucky muddy /ɑ: / ----- art bark large smart class arm lard（猪油）marsh（沼泽、湿地）mark start glass/ ei/----- pay gay fate hate sake shame came tail/ɑi /----- lie pie bike tight sight kite dyke（沟渠）/ɔi /----- boy toy toil（劳累、苦活）soil spoil noise choice moist/ɑu /----- now bow shout loud down town how mouth/əu / -----no low hope soap home phone tone alone/iə /----- ear hear fear dear tear clear spear（矛）cheer/eə/----- air hair care bear fair there dare tear/uə /----- poor moor（荒野、旷野）sure tour doer pure cure endure辅音(28个)辅音28个=摩擦音10+爆破音6+破擦音6+鼻音3+半辅音2+边音11.唇齿摩擦音/f/ /v/发音时让上齿轻触下唇，前者为清辅音声带不震动，后者为浊辅音声带振动。
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义
大学英语四级词汇语法考点讲义第一部分(一)第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。
最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手；胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
（一）长难句到底难在哪里？--几句废话般的常识。
1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;2）单词意思常需根据上下文判断;3）代词的指代关系复杂;4）并列成分多;5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;6）习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
（二）长难句的破解的几个基本要点·把握规律（按照所讲的基本方法）·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
（三）长难句解决的具体步骤1、抓主干2、理顺主从句子关系。
（四）分析句子成分的详细过程1）找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
第二节、长句速读同位语和较长的后置定语（如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），很长的专有名词（如机构名称）等。
这些信息需要用跳读（skip）的方法，略去不读。
在文章里，经常会出现此类文字信息，目的是为了干扰视线。
实际，没有必要去弄明白某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必急着去了解美国一个部门全称或缩写是什么具体意思，因为题目中极少直接考这样的细节信息。
做题时即使需要此类信息，利用人名或其它专有名词都是开头字母大写的特征很容易找到。
例如：People assume that office politics involves some manipulative （工于心计的）behavior,”says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)A recent study, published in last week‟s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)划线部分的信息可以一扫而过，目光不需要在上面停留细读。
四级英语语法讲义
四级英语语法备忘专题一：常见语法错误（一）句子结构错误1． 主从句叠置1) T here a re m ore a nd m ore s tudents l ike t o u se t he c omputer.2) T here a re s till m any p roblems s hould b e n oted a nd r esolved.2． 简单句叠置I l ike c hatting o n l ine v ery m uch, I g o t o t he n et b ar a lmost e very w eekend.3． 从句叠置As i s k nown t o a ll t hat c omputers p lay a n i mportant r ole i n m any f ields o f o ur l ife.4． 句子成分缺失If w ork h ard, w e w ill s urely b e s uccessful.5． 语序错误1) W hy c ollege s tudents s pend m ore a nd m ore t ime o n t he c omputer?2) I o ften w onder w here h ave t hey g ot t heir m oney.（二）动词错误1．时态错误Many p eople t hought t hat t he I nternet w ill b e m ore u seful i n t he f uture.2．语态错误1) I h ave e xcited s everal d ays a t t he n ews t hat y ou w ill c ome h ere.2) M ost o f t he s tudents s atisfy w ith t he s ervice i n t he d ining h all.3．单复数错误1) W ise m an s eek o pportunities r ather t han w ait f or t hem.2) S omeone a re a fraid t hat c omputer m ay c ontrol m en i n t he f uture.4．非谓语动词错误1) L et m e t o r epresent e veryone t o s ay “hello” t o y ou.2) D o e xercise i n t he m orning i s g ood f or o ne’s h ealth.3) H aving s tudied i n o ur s chool f or 3 y ears, t he c anteen s ervice h as c hanged a l ot.（三）代词错误1) W e c an u se c omputers i n d oing e verything y ou l ike.2) A c ollege s tudent s hould b e a ble t o d o t heir w ashing o n t heir o wn.（四）冠词错误1) H orse i s a n u seful a nimal.2) T he e xam w ill b e h eld i n t he D ecember, 2004.（五）词性错误1) I w ish y ou c an c onsider m y s uggests.2) I f a p erson w ants t o s uccess, h e m ust l earn t o e ndure s ufferings a nd s etbacks.二、用词错误1) S tudents m ust k now h ow t o a pply a c omputer.2) P eople c an t ouch m any n ew t hings o n t he I nternet.3) T he p urpose o f t his l etter i s t o r eact s ome o pinions o n t he s ervice i n t he d ining h all.三、表达习惯错误1) W hy g enerated s o l arge a c hange?2) N ow 6000 y uan c an b uy a P4 c omputer.3) A r oom o ften l ives 6-‐8 s tudents.4) I t hink t his g reat c hange h as t hree r easons.5) T he p rices o f t he f ood a re t oo e xpensive.6) The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working h ard.四、标点符号及大小写错误1) However, every coin has two sides, I think the surroundings in our canteen are the best among a ll u niversities.2) T he m an w as r acing d own t he s treet. B ecause h e w as l ate f or t he c lass.3) A t l ast I w ant t o l et y ou k now, I l ove o ur u niversity v ery m uch.4) M y f avorite s ports a re s wimming、jogging、mountaineering a nd p laying t able t ennis.The b est E nglish f ilm i n m y e yes i s《Forrest G ump》.专题二：认识英语句子一、 简单句和并列句再简单/再复杂的句子都是由以下几种单词组成：●名词－－主语，宾语．主语放在谓语动词前，宾语放在谓语动词之后．●动词－－谓语，一般都是放在主语后．●形容词－定语，修饰名词，放在名词前．●副词－－状语，修饰形容词，动词或是副词●介词—放在名词前,表示方位时间等●动名词—主语,宾语,表语,定语●现在分词/过去分词—单个放名词前做定语,或放后面做后置定语，短语一般都放后面.●动词不定式(to d o )-‐-‐常表目的.1. 简单句的五种形式：（1）主语+谓语(不及物动词）；① The n ew t erm b egins 新学期开始了。
三一口语四级讲义(答案)
三一口语四级讲义1.GreetingsGood morning / afternoon!How are you?/ How are you doing?Fine. Thank you very much.Nice to meet you. / Nice to meet you, too.Glad to see you./ Me, too.Which school / grade are you in?Why do you take GESE exam?Nice day, isn’t it? Yeah, it’s warm and sunny.2.If you don’t understand the examiner’s question, don’t worry and you can say:➢Would you please rephrase that?➢What do you mean by XX?➢I’m sorry, I can’t catch you.➢Would you please repeat that?➢Would you please say that again?3.Gap Fillers①表示正在思考：Let me see./ How to say/ It is not easy to say/ It is hard to say②表示陈述事实：you know/ to be honest/ to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ in fact③表示要表达自己的看法：in my opinion/ I think④表示解释自己的句子：what I mean is / that is to say / what I want to say is4.Brain storm and Talk aroundI’ve got an egg in my hand. So imagine how many ways you can use it in.You don’t know the word “watch”, but you should say something to make the people understand what you mean.6.Five Steps FormG----T----S----T----FGap filler---topic sentence---supporting details----transitions---feeling7.Difficult Question FormWell, it’s a very interesting question. I have never thought about it.But I think ……For example, …….So……Section1 Holiday (假日)1.What do you often do on summer vacation or winter holidays？2.Do you like summer holiday/vacation holiday?3.Where are you going to go next winter vacation?4.Where do you usually go on summer/winter holidays？Who will you go with？How did you think of the trip?5.Where did you go last summer holiday?What was the weather like there?What did the place look like?How did you go there?6.What’s your favorite holiday? What do people do on this holiday?7.What did you do during this National Day?8.What did you do last summer vacation?9.Was your last summer vocation a pleasant one?10.How did you spend your last summer holiday?Where did you go?11.Were you busy with your homework?12.What’s your plan for the next holiday?13.What are you going to do next weekend?14.Did you enjoy your last summer holiday? Why or why not?15.How did you feel when you saw the sea for the first time?16.Did you meet someone or something unforgettable?Section 2 Shopping1.When did you go shopping?2.What kind of goods did you buy? Where do you usually go shopping?3.Where can you do your shopping near your house?There is a small grocery shop near my house. My mum and I often buy things like chicken and vegetables.4.What's the difference between a Department Store and a Supermarket?5.Who do you go shopping with?6.How often do you go shopping?7.What kind of goods do you often buy?8.What do you often buy when you go shopping?9.Where do you often go shopping?10.Do you like going shopping?11.What are the differences between shopping centers and supermarkets?12.How often do you go shopping in a week?13.Did you do shopping on line?14.Do you usually go shopping with your mother or father?15.Do you prefer to buy something online or at department store?16.Do you compare prices at different stores when you shop?17.Do you ever buy second-hand things? ("used things")18.Where do you prefer to shop?19.What do you think of shopping on line?20.Who do you prefer to go shopping，your parents ,your friends or alone?21.Where is your favorite shopping place? Which do you prefer, large stores orsmall stores?22.When you go shopping which do you like to buy better, food or clothes?23.Do you like bargaining when you are shopping? Why?24.Do you often buy things on discount? Why?25.What are the advantages of window shopping?Section 3 School and Work (工作)1.How is your school life?2.What’s your favorite book?3.Which is your first book you read?4.What about your English teacher?5.What subjects did you do at school last year?6.What subjects are you going to have?7.Who is the busiest in your family?8.What does your father do?9.What does your mother do?10.Where does your father/mother go to work? Is he busy?11.What time does your father/mother go to work in the morning?12.What subject do you like?13.What subject don’t you like?14.What do/don’t you enjoy doing at school?15.What do you enjoy doing at school？16.What don’t you like doing?17.What interesting things are you going to do next year?Section 4 Hobbies/ Sports (业余爱好/体育运动)1.What's your hobby?Well, to be frank, I like to play table tennis / playing table tennis. First, playing table tennis is very interesting, and it can make me relaxed. Second, I spend lots of my spare time playing table tennis, and it can make my life more colorful. So I enjoy it very much. (Sir, what’s your hobby?)2.How often do you play tennis? About once a month.3.Who do you often play with?4.What’s your favorite sport?5.Who taught you?My father taught me three years ago. At first, I could not play it very well. But I often practice it after school. So now I can play it very well6.Where did you learn it?I learned to play table tennis in Haidian Sports Center with my father. You know,the sports center is very big and beautiful. It is bigger than the gym in my school.I like the sports center very much.7.What’s your parents’ favorite sport?8.Do you like playing computer games? Why?9.How often do you play football?10.Which book did you read yesterday?Yesterday I read Green Channel. You know, it is a very good book. It is interesting and helpful. It can improve my oral English.Where did you buy it?I bought it in Zhongguancun Book Store. It is a very big book store. There are lotsof interesting books. You know, reading books can give me lots of knowledge. So I like reading books very much.11.Do you like playing computer games? Why?12.What do you like to do in your free time?13.What's your favorite sport? Did you do it yesterday?14.Do you have any hobbies?15.When did you start it? What do you like about it?16.How much time do you spend on it?17.What do you like to do in your spare time?18.Do many people have the same hobby?Well, let me see. It is a very interesting question. I have never thought about it.But I think different people have different hobbies. For example, I like swimming very much, but my parents don’t like swimming. So I don’t think people have the same hobby.19.What do you enjoy/ like doing?20.How do you spend your weekends?21.Do you like sports? / What do you often play?22.How do you like football?/ Why do you very much like it?23.Do you play tennis? / Who do you often play it with?Section 5 Food (食物)1.Do you like western food or Chinese Food?Well, in my opinion, I like Chinese food. First, Chinese food is healthier than western food. You know, western food is too rich. It is not good to my body.Second, Chinese food is more delicious. Dumpling is my favorite food. So I like Chinese food better.2.Do you like fruit?Yes, I do. I like fruits. Fruits are sweet and juicy, and fruits are good to my body.You know, fruits have lots of vitamins, minerals and nutrition. Fruits are healthy food. So I like fruits very much.3.What do you like to cook?4.When did you go to eat KFC/Macdonald’s last time?Last Sunday I went to eat KFC food with my mother. KFC food is not good to my body, but I like eating it very much. I think the KFC food is very delicious and tasty. Next week I am going to eat KFC food again.5.What's your favorite food?6.What food don’t you like?Well, to be frank, I hate noodles. You know, noodles are tasteless. I like rice better. Rice is more delicious than noodles.7.What did you eat last supper?8.Wh at’s your favorite food? Why?How often do you eat it?Where do you go for eating it?9.Would you like to go out for dinner or just stay at home?Well, to be frank, I like eating at home. First, it is very noisy in restaurants, and the food in restaurants is not very healthy. Second, the food at home is more delicious and nutritious. And it is good to my body. So I like eating at home.10.Which one do you prefer, western food or Chinese food?11.What do you think of KFC or MacDonald’s?12.Is western food healthy food?13.What do you usually have for breakfast?14.What did you have for lunch yesterday?15.What are you going to have for supper this evening?16.How often do you eat out in restaurants?17.How often do you have western food like McDonald’s and KFC?18.How often do you have snacks?19.How often does your mother make dumplings for you?20.How often do you have meals with your friends?21.What's your favorite food?22.What's the difference between Chinese food and western food?Well, let me see. It is a very hard question. I have never thought about it. But Ithink there are lots of differences between Chinese food and western food. Forexample, Chinese people like steamed bread, but western people like baked bread.I like steamed bread.23.What did you have for lunch yesterday?24.Do you have same food for breakfast?25.What do English-speaking people usually have for breakfast?26.What are you going to have for supper?27.Do you like drinking coffee/ cola?28.Which food is healthier, Chinese food or foreign food?In my opinion, Chinese food is healthier than western food. First, Chinese peoplelike eating vegetables and rice. They are nutritious and healthy. But westernpeople like eating hamburgers and chips. They are too rich. It is not good to mybody. So I think Chinese food is healthier.Section 6 Weekend/ Seasonal Activities (周末活动/季节性活动)1.What did you study in your school?2.What (kind of) subject do you like?3.What do you often do on weekends?4.What will you do tomorrow?5.What did you do yesterday?6.What are you going to do this afternoon?7.What do you often play in the park?8.What do you often do on weekends?9.What are you going to do this afternoon?10.What do you like to do on the internet?11.Tell me what you did last weekend.12.What do you usually do during the summer holiday?13.What do you usually do at weekends?14.What did you do last weekend?15.What are you going to do next weekend?16.What are you going to do next summer holiday?17.Tell me what you did last summer holiday?。
《cet-4教学资料》新四级讲义
理解不定式、动名词和分词等非谓语动词的用法和区别。
从句与主从复合句
掌握名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的用法，以及主从复合句的 结构和逻辑关系。
词汇与语法题型分析
阅读理解
分析阅读理解中常见的词汇和语法难点，以及解题技巧。
完形填空
分析完形填空中常见的词汇和语法考点，以及如何根据上下文选 择合适的选项。
翻译
分析汉译英和英译汉中的常见词汇和语法问题，以及如何准确地 进行语言转换。
06 应试策略与技巧
CHAPTER
考前准备
1 2
制定复习计划
根据考试时间，合理安排每日复习时间，确保全 面复习。
熟悉考Байду номын сангаас题型
了解各类题型的特点和答题要求，以便在考试中 应对自如。
3
积累词汇和语法知识
扩大词汇量，掌握基本语法知识，提高阅读和写 作能力。
答题技巧
阅读理解
听力理解
先读题干，再根据关键词回原文找答案， 注意把握文章结构和逻辑关系。
提前审题，抓住关键词，注意捕捉听力中 的重要信息和细节。
写作
翻译
审清题目要求，列出要点，注意段落和层 次，使用简单句和常用词汇。
理解原文意思，注意语言表达的准确性和 流畅性，适当调整语序和句式。
心理调适
保持积极心态
相信自己能够通过考试， 遇到困难时及时调整心 态。
合理安排休息时间
保证充足的睡眠和休息， 避免过度疲劳影响考试 发挥。
模拟考试与反思
参加模拟考试，了解自 己的薄弱环节，及时调 整复习策略。
谢谢
THANKS
句式转换
介绍常见的句式转换技巧，如被动 句与主动句的转换、肯定句与否定 句的转换等。
英语四级：赵丽5500词汇讲义
赵丽词汇课堂介绍1一、计划本课程词汇集中在2000～6000,都是一些基本的词汇，生活中常用的词汇，背单词要有目的性，清楚自己参加什么考试，要有针对性，才更有热情。
根据自己是哪类人，在一星期内复习相关词汇，力求反复掌握。
背单词过程：看-认-背-用。
现阶段只停留在前两阶段。
背单词一次只需了解1～2个词意，然后在阅读中不断扩展。
可用新概念4做为阅读材料，定期背诵。
二、英语单词的构成【1】基础词汇：无特别记忆、需建立与汉语词意间的联系naive 天真的——奶壶，喝奶的孩子很天真【2】希腊神话（听故事记单词）tantalus 诱惑——人名，宙斯与人类之子，出自希腊神话tantalize 逗引或招惹rim 边缘——只有rim是边缘brim 边缘——前面加b含义不变grim 恐怖的——前面加g（鬼）真恐怖trim 修剪整齐——前面加t才修剪整齐prim 呆板的——p在rim前真呆板prose 单调、散文——扑（p）到玫瑰上更单调plight 困境——扑（p）灭了光就陷入困境pray 祈祷——扑（p）在光线下才是祈祷【3】外来词汇chaos 混乱、紊乱——吵死flirt 调情——抚摸着她，逗她笑quaint 古怪的——拼音guai，怪acquaint 熟悉，见怪不怪——ac前缀，一再。
charisma 领袖气质——中国（ch）升起了（aris）毛泽东（ma）orison 祈祷——太阳（o）升到半空(rison)，于是祈祷mirth 高兴的——妈妈（m）看到你出生（irth）很高兴blear 模糊——不（b）清楚（lear）clear 清晰拉丁语系讲究构词法，重点记忆词根、词缀pose 姿势、v.放——词根expose 暴露——前缀ex：出来，放在外面=暴露compose 组成——前缀com：共同，共同放在一起=组成decompose 分解——前缀de：向下，把组成的东西向下=分解depose 免职——前缀de：向下，pose放，向下放=免职despise 轻视、蔑视——前缀de：向下；spit：吐口水；低头吐口水=轻视deposit 存款、下蛋、沉淀物——前缀de=向下；pos：放出来；向下放出来=下蛋repose 休息——前缀re：放回来，往回，反复；放回去->休息reticent 沉默不语的——re：阿姨；ti：提；cent：分，钱；阿姨提钱->沉默不语的intimate 亲密的——在心里总提（ti）到他，特指情侣间的亲密vigorous 精力充沛的——vi：六；go：个；rous：人；一个人具备六个人的精力->精力充沛的[liberty：流鼻涕没人管->自由]三、单词记忆法【1】谐音记忆法ponderous 笨重的——胖的要死->笨重boff 狂笑——暴富->狂喜quaff 痛饮——夸父，追日极渴->痛饮sting 蜇、咬——死叮scowl 皱眉头——思考exhaust 耗尽、精疲力尽的——一个早死的他robust 强壮的——乐百氏，四肢发达，头脑简单luxury 奢侈——力士香皂，住在天河（milkway）边的仙女的皮肤->奢侈Nike 胜利女神——耐克，希腊神话中的胜利女神caste 等级制度——卡死他frugal 节俭的——腐乳就够了->节俭miserly 小气的、吝啬的——小气鬼李先生【3】代码联想记忆法loom v.若隐若现n.织布机bloomv.开花blast 爆炸ignite v.点燃ignore v.忽视ostrich n.鸵鸟stigma 耻辱、污点stroll 闲逛stink 恶臭prestige 名声、名誉gloom 郁闷的abide 忍受孤独的absurd 荒谬的echo 回声echolocation 回声定位amorous 好色的morose 郁闷的【4】行之有效的记忆法：向别人复述单词3遍第1课第1题1. Living in that _____ house over there hasnearly driven the hero of the story mad.A. bleakB. hauntedC. gauntD. acumen<bleak>bleak （只是不漏雨）荒凉的leak 漏，漏水bold a. 大胆的,勇敢的，粗体的,醒目的boldface 黑体字blast 爆炸blight 枯萎take a leak 去洗手间May I go somewhere? 委婉的说法You can go anywhere.你可以随地大小便。
大学英语四级讲义readingindepth
目录
• Overview of Reading comprehension
• Reading skills and strategies • Analysis of Reading comprehension
question types • Reading comprehension problem
Quick reading skills
Skimming
Quickly scanning text to get the gift of the content without reading every detail
Scanning
Finding specific information by quickly moving the eyes across the text
Inference and True/False Questions
The reasoning and judgment questions mainly test students' understanding and logical analysis ability of the implicit meaning in the article.
This type of question requires students to summarize the theme or main points of the article, or identify important information in the article. Answering such questions requires students to understand the overall structure and content of the article, and be able to extract core information.
大学英语四级考试精讲班第24讲讲义
大学英语四级考试精讲班第24讲讲义短文理解考点突破（续）Passage 4:(1)扫描选项：12. [A] He ran a village shop.[B] He worked on a farm.[C] He worked in an advertising agency.[D] He was a gardener.13. [A] It was stressful.[B] It was colorful.[C] It was peaceful.[D] It was boring.14. [A] His desire to start his own business.[B] The crisis in his family life.[C] The decline in his health.[D] His dream of living in the countryside.(2)预测信息：12.选项介绍了“他”的工作地点和职业，猜测题干问他的职业。
13.由“压力大”、“丰富多彩”、“平静”、“无聊”猜测题干问工作或生活的状况。
注意“it”在文中所指。
14.四个选项为名词短语，且crisis, decline暗示了不好的方面，猜测题干问导致某种变化或某种改变的原因。
(3)听原文，记笔记：I live in a small village in the country. My wife and I run the village shop. We have a very peaceful life. Boring, some might say. But we love it. We know all the people in the village and have plenty of time to stop and chat. I have plenty of time for my hobbies too, gardening, fishing, walking in the countryside. I love the outdoor life.It wasn’t always like this though. I used to have a really stressful job, working till late at the office every evening and often bringing work home at the weekend. The advertising world is very competitive and when I look back, I can’t imagine how I stood it. I had no private life at all. No time for the really important things in life. Because of the pressure of the job, I used to smoke and drink too much. The crisis came when my wife left me. She complained that she never saw me and that I had no time for family life.This made me realize what was really important to me. I talked things through with her and decided to get back together again and to start a new and better life together. I gave up tobacco and alcohol and searched for new hobbies. Now I’m afraid of looking back, since the past life seemed a horrible dream.Questions 12 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.(4)验证答案：12. What did the speaker use to do for a living?选[C]。
2021英语四级考前急效讲义
words but no more than 180 words. 写作任务
写作字数
1.议论文（essay） 2.文字型题干 3.主题：做事方式
三段论 第一段:从社会存在的问题着手，并明确主题 第二段:具体分析采取哪些措施解决问题 第三段:进行总结
写译方法论
四级写作类型
1. 观点类:介绍某一个有争议的观点或话题 2. 现象类:分析一个现象背后的原因和结果 3. 谚语类:阐释一个谚语并分析(可观点、可现象） 4. 图画类:描述图画并解释(可观点、可现象) 5. 图表类:描述图表并分析(可观点、可现象) 6. 介绍类:介绍某件事物并解释(现象类) 7. 信件类:写信描述某件事并解释(现象类)
同义替换
2.替换谁？ great=utmost
importance=significance=benefit=value
写译方法论
写作基本原则 翻译基本原则
写译基本原则
印象原则 内在丰富原则
忠实通顺
书写工整 卷面整洁 字迹清晰
①单词：准确 丰富 多变 ②结构：清晰 有逻辑性 （i）T（topic）A（analysis）C（conclusion） （ii）三段论（提出问题、分析问题、解决问题） ③内容：不跑题 充分论证
③It seems beyond dispute that（……是没争议的）
写译方法论
【必背】高级句型（作文闪光点）
4.强调句（加强语气） 格式：It is 强调部分 that…… 例句：就在昨天，我在街上看到一条疯狗。
It is yesterday that I met a crazy dog in the street . 5.倒装句
写译方法论
四级写作文章框架
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四、图书馆 重点 1.书籍：journal 学术类刊物 (08-6) 原句：did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day? (你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊 了么？) volume 卷 current/back issue 现/过 刊 periodical 期刊 2.人物：librarian 图书管理员
09-12出现的一些新课程名称： advanced physics (高级物 理) data processing (数据处 理) computer programming (计算机程 序)
名称 freshman(大一) sophomore(大 二) junior(大三) senior(大四)(05年 考点) graduate(毕业 生) undergraduate (在校生，本科 生) postgraduate (研究生) tutor(导师) graduate school (研究生院) 3
短对话攻略
巧用时间，迅速进入状态
考前热身，快速阅读技巧，快速集中精神
从选项出发，善于预测问题
听力是单向和一次性的，预测有助于提高识别 速度，这是听力理解关键，跟上放音速度
善于捕捉解题信息
仔细辨别，快速捕捉关键信息：词、短语、句 子、语音、语调、语气等
长对话
分值7%，平均长度260词 题材广泛，选课、考试、借书、打工、社 团活动，大学校园的学习、生活和娱乐 人物 以学生或师生为主，亦有租房、求职、 商务、旅行、访谈等内容 借鉴于托福考试，信息量大，命题多而分 散，一般按原文顺序出题 题型：细节、推理、主旨
Learning English Vocabulary
Introduction
Words you don't need at all (many) Words you need to understand (when reading or hearing them) Words you need to be able to use
长对话攻略
通过选项作出预测 关注对话中的数字、肯定、否定词，表达 态度喜好的词，形容词比较和最关级
短文
分值10%，篇长200~250词 题材：日常生活、社会文化、自然科学... 体裁：说明、叙述、议论 不一定按文章先后顺序命题，做笔记 题型：细节70%，推理26%，主旨4% 瞬间记忆、瞬间捕捉信息以及信息筛选能力 此阶段，易疲劳分神，注意力持续时间
What should you do when coming across new words? Reading Don't look up every new word and expression. (fed up) Look up something important for understanding. Upon finish, look up some words and writing interestiong expressions. Listening Don't panic when you hear new words and expressions. Keep listening, the overrall meaning will become clear. Possible to guess the meaning Decide the part of speech of the word and look for clues in the context
Revising Vocabulary
Making New Words Active
2010 大学英语四级
专题
2010.10
四级听力
命题依据： 测试考生获取口头信息能力
真实性－－日常生活题材（工作，学习...) 获取口头信息－－理解主旨，听懂细节，推断隐含意， 判断交际功能，分辨观点态度
三大技能和七项微技能：
Words for feeling
Organizing by meaning, build families of words related
Words for thinking Words for movement Words to describe places Use diagrams
二、餐厅 重点 1.点菜： Order menu wine list (酒 单) alcohol steak French Fries (薯条) 2. 买单： Check the bill please!(买单！) Treat (请客) split the bill (分 开付) 三、酒店 次重点 最新考点(2007－6/12) Reservation (高频词，预定) honeymoon suite (07年6月 词汇，蜜月套间) hotel clerk (07年6月词汇，等于receptionist) discount (07 年6月词汇， 折扣) free continental breakfast (07年6月词汇，免费的清淡早餐)
词汇基础
听力技能因素： 1. 辨别重要信息： 在连续语流中找重要信息，忽 略次要信息，展开思维 2. 推测言外之意：迅速领会委婉表达，“弦外之 音” 3. 归纳中心思想： 长对话--听懂全文，合理归纳 短文--段首或段尾（篇章特点）
听力应试策略
全神贯注
该放就放
集中精力，认真精听，适应语速，延长疲劳点
Read the text and check the meaning of underlined words
Learning associated words
Learning with associated meaning Word network
Learing with grammatical association
child tooth ox
cut split burst information furniture food
Learning with same roots, prefixes and suffixes
Pictures and diagrams
Word trees
Word fork
Organizing a vocabulary力理解，篇长 250~300词，句子有1分30秒停顿 借鉴雅思考试，考查综合语言能力：听力、 拼写、记笔记和书面表达能力--快速阅读+ 听音辩词+快速拼写 体裁以说明文为主 单词以实词为主，n. ,v. 词尾有变化 句子以单句为主，平均16词，并列和复合 句；连词反复出现；
复合听写攻略
听懂主旨大意→记下关键词→连接 建立一套属于自己的缩写系统，跟上放音 速度，避免遗漏
听力重点场景短语
重点场景词汇短语分析(必备+必背) 一、机场(飞机上) 重点 1.机场地点 Security check(安检处) Gate(登机口) Terminal (航 站楼) Check-in counter (换票柜台) Customs (海关) 2. 机场人物 Airhostess/stewardess (空姐) steward (空哥、空少) flight attendant (飞机乘务员) 3. 飞机动作 Take off/land (起飞、降落) ascend/descend(上升、下降) postpone/delay/cancel (推迟、延迟、取消) 最近题目例句： (2007－12) I hope you are packed and ready to leave. (我希望你已经打包完毕准 备出发了) I have packed my passport in one of my bags. (我把护照装在一个包 里了)
Mark the words belong to the 3rd group
Learning by reading & listening
Give the items below a mark between 0 -4 describing how important the way of learning vocabulary could be:
Organizing a Vocabulary Book
Organizing by word class Organizing by synonyms or antonyms
Using a dictionary
Bilingual: quicker,easier to understand English-English: more information
影响听力理解的因素
连读：~辅音+元音~ in an hour, not at all, an apple, get up, after all 弱读：conj, prep, auxillary v, pron
•
语法基础
虚拟语气 It is high time that I went home. Were he younger, he would ... • 特殊否定 You are the last person I want to see. I couldn't agree with you more. You can never be too careful while crossing the street
A 理解中心思想和重要细节 理解中心思想，重要或特定细节，说话人观点态度 B 理解隐含意思 推论隐含意， 判断话语交际功能， C 借助语言特征， 理解听力材料 辨别语音特征，语音，重音，语调 理解句间关系： 比较，原因，结果，目的，程度
影响听力理解的因素
语言知识因素：语音， 语法，词汇 语音基础：同化，省音，连读，弱读 同化：both side, this shop,could/would you,can't you, don't you 省音：爆破音 p,b,k,g,t,d Let me tell you. I've got to go. What do you want? next door, last night,step by step