2022届新高考英语语法专项突破-状语从句
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 还可引导名词性从句。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
(重庆卷)All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷， 都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
让步状语从句 1．although, though, as 和 while 引导的让步状语从句 (北京卷)Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now. 虽然 这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 (陕西卷)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
易混点(二) 定语从句和状语从句 1．(1)We young people should go to the place__________is in need of help. (2)We young people should go __________ we’re most needed. [分析] (1)which/that 关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且 在从句中作主语。 (2)where where 引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词 go。 [点拨] 定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点 状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，地each time, next time, the first time, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句 (北京卷)By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本 书，你的饭就凉了。
3．before, since 引导的时间状语从句 (1) before 表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式： It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won’t be/wasn’t＋一段时间 ＋before...没过多久就……。 (天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 (重庆卷)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过 了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
■名师点津 (1)though 引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不用倒装语序；although 引导的从句不用倒装 语序；as 引导的从句必须用倒装语序“表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他”， 若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)though 可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 (3)while 引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句
连词 so that, in order that, in case(以防)
so that, so...that..., such...that... where, wherever
as(正如，正像), as if/as though(好像) than, as...as..., not as/so...as...
析三大从句，辨七大易混点 易混点(一) 定语从句和并列句 1．She has many novels, some of__________are interesting. 2．She has many novels, and some of __________are interesting. [分析] 1.which which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 novels, “some of which”在从句中 作主语。 2．them 此句为 and 引导的并列句。 [点拨] 定语从句与并列句的主要区别：句中若有 and, but, so 等并列连词或分号则为并 列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly。 (上海卷)The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2)在 hardly...when..., no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，而 when，than 所在 的从句用一般过去时。 (大纲全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever(what/who/whom/when/which/how)＋ever 表示“无论……”引导让步状语
从句时，相当于 no matter where (what/who/whom/when/which/how)。 (江苏卷)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 (湖南卷)However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 ■名师点津
4．until/till 引导的时间状语从句 until/till 用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；
not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动 词。until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。 (2017·北京卷) If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其 他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
2．even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though 引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即
便”。 (湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
新高考英语语法专项突破-状语从句
【典题试做】 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) _W__h_i_le__ running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 2．(全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, ___a_s_/w__h_e_n_____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
(浙江卷)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句 子也能改变一段文字的意思。 (山东卷)He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
as
替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
(江苏卷)While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。 (天津卷)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
其他状语从句
状语从句
连词
条件状语从句
if, unless(＝if...not), so/as long as(只要), on condition that, in case(万一), suppose/supposing, provided/providing
原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, considering that(考虑到，鉴于)
语法填空对状语从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上。
时间状语从句
1．when, while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句
when
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可 以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交
(2)since 意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句(常用 过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进 行时。 (四川卷)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，清华大学建校已有一百年了。
(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support. 汤姆非常独立以至于他从来不征求他父母的意见，除非他想要他们的支持。 (2017·江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 江苏位于“带”和“路”的交汇处，将会对“一带一路” 的建设做出更大的贡献。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
(重庆卷)All people, whether they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷， 都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
让步状语从句 1．although, though, as 和 while 引导的让步状语从句 (北京卷)Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now. 虽然 这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 (陕西卷)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. 夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
易混点(二) 定语从句和状语从句 1．(1)We young people should go to the place__________is in need of help. (2)We young people should go __________ we’re most needed. [分析] (1)which/that 关系代词 which/that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且 在从句中作主语。 (2)where where 引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词 go。 [点拨] 定语从句与地点状语从句的主要区别：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点 状语从句则没有；定语从句修饰的是先行词，地each time, next time, the first time, by the time 等引导的时间状语从句 (北京卷)By the time you have finished this book, your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本 书，你的饭就凉了。
3．before, since 引导的时间状语从句 (1) before 表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式： It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won’t be/wasn’t＋一段时间 ＋before...没过多久就……。 (天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 (重庆卷)If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过 了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
■名师点津 (1)though 引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不用倒装语序；although 引导的从句不用倒装 语序；as 引导的从句必须用倒装语序“表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他”， 若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)though 可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 (3)while 引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 地点状语从句 方式状语从句 比较状语从句
连词 so that, in order that, in case(以防)
so that, so...that..., such...that... where, wherever
as(正如，正像), as if/as though(好像) than, as...as..., not as/so...as...
析三大从句，辨七大易混点 易混点(一) 定语从句和并列句 1．She has many novels, some of__________are interesting. 2．She has many novels, and some of __________are interesting. [分析] 1.which which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 novels, “some of which”在从句中 作主语。 2．them 此句为 and 引导的并列句。 [点拨] 定语从句与并列句的主要区别：句中若有 and, but, so 等并列连词或分号则为并 列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly。 (上海卷)The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2)在 hardly...when..., no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，而 when，than 所在 的从句用一般过去时。 (大纲全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever(what/who/whom/when/which/how)＋ever 表示“无论……”引导让步状语
从句时，相当于 no matter where (what/who/whom/when/which/how)。 (江苏卷)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 (湖南卷)However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 ■名师点津
4．until/till 引导的时间状语从句 until/till 用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；
not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动 词。until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。 (2017·北京卷) If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其 他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn’t start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
2．even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though 引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即
便”。 (湖南卷)Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
新高考英语语法专项突破-状语从句
【典题试做】 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) _W__h_i_le__ running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 2．(全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, ___a_s_/w__h_e_n_____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
(浙江卷)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句 子也能改变一段文字的意思。 (山东卷)He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
as
替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
(江苏卷)While some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure. 当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，而另一些人却被失败的恐惧驱动着。 (天津卷)As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
其他状语从句
状语从句
连词
条件状语从句
if, unless(＝if...not), so/as long as(只要), on condition that, in case(万一), suppose/supposing, provided/providing
原因状语从句
because, as, since, now that, considering that(考虑到，鉴于)
语法填空对状语从句的考查集中在引导词的选择上。
时间状语从句
1．when, while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句
when
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可 以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
从句谓语动词一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交
(2)since 意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句(常用 过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进 行时。 (四川卷)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，清华大学建校已有一百年了。
(2019·天津卷)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support. 汤姆非常独立以至于他从来不征求他父母的意见，除非他想要他们的支持。 (2017·江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction. 江苏位于“带”和“路”的交汇处，将会对“一带一路” 的建设做出更大的贡献。