译国译民线上英语翻译word排版作业及答案

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目录

目录

1 INTRODUCTION (1)

1.1 See Appendix A (1)

1.2 See Appendix B (1)

2 BASIC & FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT MODEL (2)

2.1 See Appendix C (2)

2.2 See Appendix D (2)

1 INTRODUCTION

This project started prior to the August 2003 North American blackout. Its first workshop was held in October of 2003 and was well attended by a diverse group of participants including staff personnel from transmission owners, independent system operators, regional reliability councils, and state public utility commissions. Attendance was driven by two key motivations:

●The anticipation of transmission reliability regulation rulemaking under FERC’s direction and the formation of the

North American Electric Reliability Organization (ERO). Transmission owner organizations were proactively seeking technical input and dialog in the development of potential regulatory policies aimed at transmission performance- based rates, penalties, and incentives. This regulatory development was expected to be a priority based on the investigation of the North American blackout.

●The recognition of significant changes within the transmission industry which prompted the need for specific

performance metrics for transmission reliability. The vertical unbundling transmission entities from or within previously integrated energy delivery utilities coupled with the increase in regional wholesale energy dependency, by its magnitude of energy transfers, and volume of transmission energy transfers, were changes which had reshaped the transmission industry without a corresponding change in performance metrics.

1.1 See Appendix A

The scope of the project required explicit boundaries due to the fact that the phrase “transmission reliability” was so broad ly interpreted. Even the two words in and of themselves had their own inch-high and mile-wide usages. “Transmission” could be inter preted as a functional definition of circuits and facilities, owing to FERC’s “seven factors” test , to include assets with operating voltages from 23kV to over 1000kV. However, design differences and physical differences between these ends of the spectrum create significant comparability issues, which the mere common denominator of transmission functionality cannot overcome.

1.2 See Appendix B

In this project, the scope of interest embodied transmission facilities by FERC’s functional definition that was f urther defined by voltage criterion to improve comparability (See Appendix A). This group recognizes that other systems may have circuits functioning as transmission at voltages below 44 kV; however, the group prefers to limit transmission performance assessment by use of this boundary to increase comparability to similar construction & design standards afforded by a voltage criterion. Circuits do exist at 44kV and above with distribution functionality and qualities, and the group recommends that these be excluded from transmission comparisons.

Figure 1 How the Project Scope Evolved