2020高考英语易错语法点专题二代词(解析版)

2020 高考英语易错语法点专题二代词（分析版）
1【. 2019 ·天津卷·单项填空】 .A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than
_________who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
2.【 2016 ·浙江】 In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
3.【 2016 ·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend in the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C. much more
D. many more
【语法精讲】
题型典题试做
(2018 全·国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor,
you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we
should all give it/running a try.
(2018 全·国卷Ⅲ )When the gorillas and
I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
them(they) alive.
语法填空
(2018 浙·江卷 6 月 )Many westerners who
come to China cook much less than in their
own countries once they realize how cheap it
can be to eat out.
(2016 全·国卷Ⅰ )On my recent visit, I held
a lively three- month-old twin that had been
rejected by its(it) mother.
考点一
考点解读
考察人称代词的主格和宾格；
考察物主代词的基本用法；
考察 it 的基本用法；
考察不定代词和代替词的基本用法
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类型功能第一人称第二人称第三人称
主格作主语I we you you he she it they 宾格作宾语me us you you him her it them 形容词性作定语my our your your his her its their
物主代词
名词性作主、表
mineours yours yours his hers its theirs 物主代词或宾语
反身代词作宾、表our-your-your-him-her-it-them-myself
self selves self self self selves 或同位语selves
1.人称代词指代的数目前后要一致。

◆The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them .
一定使学生理解每门功课对他们来说多么重要。

2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只好作名词或动名词的前置定语，不可以独自使用。

名词
性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可独自作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of 连用作后置定语，但不可以独自作定语。

◆(朗文辞典 )The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.
我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差异在于我们的要大些。

by oneself
for oneself
devote oneself to
apply oneself to
enjoy oneself
help oneself to
make yourself at home seat oneself
behave oneself
come to oneself
adapt/adjust oneself to abandon oneself to express oneself
lose oneself in( ＝ be lost in) say to oneself
talk to oneself 含有反身代词的习习用语独自地；独自地
亲身；为自己
致力于
全神贯注于
过得快乐
随意吃；随意用
不拘束
坐下
举止得体
恢复知觉；清醒过来
适应于
沉浸于；放纵于
表达自己的思想
迷失
内心想
喃喃自语
考点二
不定代词
1． all, both, either, any, none, neither
都任何一个都不二者both either
neither ＝
not either
三者或
all any
none＝三者以上not any
部分否认
both 和
not 连用all 和 not 连用
◆ (四川卷 )She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.她曾在剑桥和曼彻斯特住过，可是两地她都不喜爱，所以她搬到了剑桥。

◆(江西卷 )— When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
——我什么时候 (给你 )打电话方便，上午仍是下午？
— Either . I ’ ll be in all day.
——都能够，我将一成天都在家。

2． none, nothing, no one/nobody
none (1)特指语境中提到的人或物，重申数目；(2) 后边可接 of 短语，对应疑问词 how many/how much/which
nothing (1)只指物；
(2)后边不可以接 of 短语，对应疑问
词what
no one/(1)只指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数；
nobody(2)后来不接 of 短语，对应疑问词who
◆ (四川卷 )Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki 老是会有好多想法，可是就我所知没有一个想法是实用的。

◆(安徽卷 )This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
这个项目需要亲密的合作、除非我们共同努力，不然将一事无成。

部分否认和所有否认
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any/either 以及“ no＋名词”都表示所有否认；
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“ every＋名词”与not连用时，表部分否认；
(3)not 与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否认。

◆ While I agree with the most of what you said, I don ’t agree with everything .
只管我赞同你的大多半见解，但其实不一样意所有的见解。

3． other, the other, another, others, the others
other泛指“此外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用
the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与one连用，组成“ one...the other...一
”(
个；另一个 )
泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，取代或修饰单数可数名
another 词。

常与 one 连用，组成 one...another...泛指“一个另一个”。

此外 another 与数词连用，表示“再，又”，即： another＋数词＋ n.(pl.)＝数词＋ more＋ n.(pl.)
others/others 只独自使用，泛指“其他的人或物”，不可以作定语，常组成
the others some...others...； the others 特指“其他的所有人或物”
◆ (陕西卷 )To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other . 为
了温暖自己，那个船员坐在火堆前，两只赤脚丫相互蹭着。

◆ (福建卷 )In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在此外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

考点三
it 的用法
1．指代前方所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必需知道性其他说话对象。

还可
指代时间、地址、距离、天气、季节等。

◆(北京卷 )The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it .
因为当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不停上涨。

代替词 (it, that, one )的用法差异
it特指前方提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语
代替上文出现的“the＋不行数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个，后来that
常跟介词短语作后置定语。

其复数形式为those
one代替上文出现的“ a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。

其复数形式为ones
◆Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.
张先生给了我一件特别有价值的礼品——一件我素来没有见过的礼品。

◆The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xi ’an.
广州的天气比西安的好多了。

◆We had just rented a car. It looked very old.
我们刚租了一辆车。

它看起来很旧。

2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，取代不定式、动名词或从句。

(1)it 作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋ be＋ adj./n.＋ for/of sb. ＋ to do
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
③It ’s (well) worth doing...
④It＋ be＋名词词组 (a pity/a fact/no wonder/...) ＋ that 从句
⑤It＋不及物动词 (seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...) ＋ that 从句
⑥ It＋ be＋过去分词＋ that 从句
⑦ It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
◆(天津卷 )It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说特别清楚的是他们应当为他们的未来做好准备。

(2)it 作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make... ＋ it ＋ adj ./n.＋ (for/of sb.) to do/that 从句
②主语＋ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep... ＋ it ＋ useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy... ＋ doing...
◆I find it easy to get on with Jim.
我发现和Jim 相处很简单。

◆ (山东卷 )The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们划分开来。

it用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜爱、厌恶等感情的动词以及depend on/upon, see to 等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等指引的从句。

3．含有it的常考短语或句型：
(1)It depends.视状况而定。

Take it easy.别焦急。

believe it or not信不信由你
make it成功，做到，约准时间
take it for granted that...以为是理所自然的
as someone puts it像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当波及/谈到
owe it to sb.that...把归功于某人
keep it in mind that...把铭刻在心
(2)It’ s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。

It ’ s the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次 / 次做某事。

It is/has been...since...自从多久了。

It will be/was...before...要过时间才
It is/was ＋时间点＋ when...当时候，时间是
重申句型： It is/was ＋被重申部分＋that/who...
单句语法填空
1． (2019 河·南八市要点高中质检 )For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For，most books are sold at a lower price.
2． (2019 安·庆模拟 )He admitted that when comes to repairing a computer, he had little knowledge of it.
3． (2019 北·京海淀区二模)People used to expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than
of Tokyo’ s.
4． (2019 河·南许昌平顶山两市联考 )Rather than being the by- product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in(it) ．
5． (2019 ·西六校联考江 )Failure is part of our life.has achieved great success without lots of failures.
6． (2019 ·北邢台质检河 )Obesity researchers hate when I say this, but their ow n data shows 7． (2019 ·东师大附中二模山)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced(her)．
8． (2019 ·照一模日 )Every country has(it) own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one.
9． (2019 ·南洛阳统考河 ) “ As soon as he opens(he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese
are very surprised and they feel proud of him ，” said his music teacher.
10． (2019 沈·阳检测 )It was time for dinner and was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
2020 高考英语易错语法点专题二代词（分析版）
1【. 2019 ·天津卷·单项填空】 .A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones
B. those
C. these
D. them
【答案】 B
【分析】考察代词。

句意：一项研究表示，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更高兴。

空格处代词与
the students 是对应关系，能够用 the ones或许 those 代替。

“them”代的是前边提到的复数名词，不指能与 the students 形成对应关系。

“these一”般不用定语从句修饰。

应选 B 。

2.【 2016 ·浙江】 In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.
A. that
B. this
C. one
D. it
【答案】 A
【分析】考察代词。

句意：在好多方面，美国的教育系统和英国的教育系统很不同样。

指代上文的名词
education system ，用 that ，并且后边有介词短语作后置定语。

This 表示“近指”，one 是泛指可数名词单数，it 是特指上文提到的名词。

应选A。

3.【 2016 ·浙江】I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attendin the coming years
A. little more
B. no more
C. much more
D. many more
【答案】 D
【分析】考察短语辨析。

句意：我向来很喜爱你组织的所有的活动并且希望在未来的几年里参加更多的活
动。

A.没有这个搭配； B.不再； C.多得多（修饰不行数名词）； D. many more更多（修饰可数名词）。

这里修饰的是上文的activities 。

应选 D。

【语法精讲】
题型语法填空
典题试做
(2018 ·国卷Ⅰ全)If you are time poor,
you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we
should all give it/running a try.
(2018 全·国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas
and I frightened each other, I was just glad
to find them(they) alive.
(2018 浙·江卷 6 月 )Many westerners who
come to China cook much less than in their own
考点解读
考察人称代词
的主格和宾格；
考察物主代词
的基本用法；
考察 it 的基本
用法；
考察不定代词
和代替词的基本
countries once they realize how cheap it can
be to eat out.
用法
(2016 全·国卷Ⅰ )On my recent visit, I held a
lively three- month-old twin that had been
rejected by its(it) mother.
考点一
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类型功能第一人称第二人称第三人称
主格作主语I we you you he she it they 宾格作宾语me us you you him her it them 形容词性
作定语my our your your his her its their 物主代词
名词性作主、表
物主代词或宾语
mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
反身代词作宾、表
myself
our-your-your-him-her-it-them-或同位语selves self selves self self self selves
1.人称代词指代的数目前后要一致。

◆The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them .
一定使学生理解每门功课对他们来说多么重要。

2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只好作名词或动名词的前置定语，不可以独自使用。

名词
性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可独自作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of 连用作后置定语，但不可以独自作定语。

◆(朗文辞典 )The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.
我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差异在于我们的要大些。

by oneself
for oneself devote oneself to apply oneself to 含有反身代词的习习用语独自地；独自地
亲身；为自己
致力于
全神贯注于
enjoy oneself
help oneself to
make yourself at home 过得快乐
随意吃；随意用不拘束
坐下
behave oneself举止得体
come to oneself恢复知觉；清醒过来
adapt/adjust oneself to适应于
abandon oneself to沉浸于；放纵于
express oneself表达自己的思想
lose oneself in( ＝ be lost in)迷失
say to oneself内心想
talk to oneself喃喃自语
[对点操练 ]——单句语法填空
1． We are very proud of(we) and believe we can do more for a better world.
2． To save class time, our teacher has
other half for homework.
(we) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the 考点二
不定代词
1． all, both, either, any, none, neither
都任何一个都不部分否认
二者both either
neither ＝both 和
not either not 连用
三者或
all any none＝
all 和 not 连用
三者以上not any
◆(四川卷 )She’d lived ni London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.她曾在剑桥和曼彻斯特住过，可是两地她都不喜爱，所以她搬到了剑桥。

◆(江西卷 )— When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
——我什么时候 (给你 )打电话方便，上午仍是下午？
— Either . I ’ ll be in all day.
——都能够，我将一成天都在家。

2． none, nothing, no one/nobody
none (1)特指语境中提到的人或物，重申数目；(2) 后边可接 of 短语，对应疑问词 how many/how much/which
nothing (1)只指物；
(2)后边不可以接 of 短语，对应疑问词 what
no one/(1)只指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数；
nobody(2)后来不接of 短语，对应疑问词who
◆ (四川卷 )Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.
Niki 老是会有好多想法，可是就我所知没有一个想法是实用的。

◆(安徽卷 )This project requires close teamwork. Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.这个项目需要亲密的合作、除非我们共同努力，不然将一事无成。

部分否认和所有否认
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any/either 以及“ no＋名词”都表示所有否认；
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“ every＋名词”与not连用时，表部分否认；
(3)not 与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否认。

◆ While I agree with the most of what you said, I don’t agree with everything .
只管我赞同你的大多半见解，但其实不一样意所有的见解。

3． other, the other, another, others, the others
other泛指“此外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用
the other 指两个人或物中的“另一个”，常与 one 连用，组成“one...the other... 一”(个；另一个 )
泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，取代或修饰单数可数名
another 词。

常与 one 连用，组成 one...another...泛指“一个另一个”。

此外 another 与数词连用，表示“再，又”，即： another＋数词＋ n.(pl.)＝数词＋ more＋ n.(pl.)
others/others 只独自使用，泛指“其他的人或物”，不可以作定语，常组成
the others some...others...； the others 特指“其他的所有人或物”
◆ (陕西卷 )To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other .
为了温暖自己，那个船员坐在火堆前，两只赤脚丫相互蹭着。

◆ (福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在此外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。

[对点操练 ]——单句语法填空
1． The best children’books are very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy the child who hears the story and the adult who reads it.
2． With one phone, I was listening to the radio show, and on phone, I had my friend telling me funny things.
考点三
it 的用法
1．指代前方所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必需知道性其他说话对象。

还可
指代时间、地址、距离、天气、季节等。

◆(北京卷 )The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it .
因为当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率不停上涨。

代替词 (it, that, one )的用法差异
it特指前方提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语
代替上文出现的“the＋不行数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指同类事物中的一个，后来that
常跟介词短语作后置定语。

其复数形式为those
one代替上文出现的“ a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指同类事物中的一个。

其复数形式为ones
◆Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.
张先生给了我一件特别有价值的礼品——一件我素来没有见过的礼品。

◆The climate of Guangzhou is much better than that of Xi ’an.
广州的天气比西安的好多了。

◆We had just rented a car. It looked very old.
我们刚租了一辆车。

它看起来很旧。

2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，取代不定式、动名词或从句。

(1)it 作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋ be＋ adj./n.＋ for/of sb. ＋ to do
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
③It ’s (well) worth doing...
④It＋ be＋名词词组 (a pity/a fact/no wonder/...) ＋ that 从句
⑤It＋不及物动词 (seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...) ＋ that 从句
⑥ It＋ be＋过去分词＋ that 从句
⑦It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
◆(天津卷 )It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
对学生来说特别清楚的是他们应当为他们的未来做好准备。

(2)it 作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make... ＋ it ＋ adj ./n.＋ (for/of sb.) to do/that 从句
②主语＋ think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep... ＋ it ＋ useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy... ＋ doing...
◆I find it easy to get on with Jim.
我发现和Jim 相处很简单。

◆ (山东卷 )The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得很像，陌生人很难把她们划分开来。

it用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜爱、厌恶等感情的动词以及depend on/upon, see to 等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等指引的从句。

3．含有 it 的常考短语或句型：
(1)It depends.
Take it easy.
believe it or not
make it
take it for granted that... as someone puts it 视状况而定。

别焦急。

信不信由你
成功，做到，约准时间以为是理所自然的像某人所说的那样
When it comes to...当波及/谈到
owe it to sb.that...把归功于某人
keep it in mind that...把铭刻在心
(2)It’ s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。

It ’ s the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth.是某人第一次/二次 / 次做某事。

It is/has been...since...自从多久了。

It will be/was...before...要过时间才
It is/was ＋时间点＋ when...当时候，时间是
重申句型： It is/was ＋被重申部分＋that/who...
[对点操练 ]——单句语法填空
1．—Are you going to get your own car after the test?
— My parents have said they one’llforgetme.
2． The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use it to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
解题指导
怎样正确判断代词
1．经过句子成分确立填什么代词
剖析句子成分，假如句中缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；假如缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；假如宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。

[ ]()On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.
[剖析 ]me设空处作介词of的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格；再联合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填写me。

2．经过句式构造判断能否填it
[例 ](陕西卷)I appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
[剖析 ]it句意：假如你能提早见告我你能否会来，我将不胜感谢。

I ’ d appreciate it if...为固定句型，意为“假如，我将不胜感谢”。

it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代下文if 从句的内容。

考点一
[ 对点操练 ] ——单句语法填空
1． We are very proud of ourselves(we) and believe we can do more for a better world.
2． To save class time, our teacher has us(we) students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.
考点二
[ 对点操练 ] ——单句语法填空
1． The best children ’ s booksneitharer very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy the child who hears the story and the adult who reads it.
2． With one phone, I was listening to the radio show, and on another phone, I had my friend telling me funny things.
考点三
[ 对点操练 ] ——单句语法填空
1．—Are you going to get your own car after the test?
— My parents have said they one’llforgetme.
2． The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times, and they use it to treat various diseases such as headaches and depression.
单句语法填空
1． (2019 ·南八市要点高中质检河 )For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For，most books are sold at a lower price.
another分析：句意：一方面，它们有助于我们宽阔视线。

另一方面，大多半书都以较低的价钱出
售。

For one thing..., for another... 为固定搭配，意为“一方面另一方面”。

2． (2019·庆模拟安)He admitted that when comes to repairing a computer, he had little knowledge of it.
it分析：句意：他认可，当说到维修电脑时，他对此全无所闻。

when it comes to... 意为“当说到”，为固定句型。

故填it 。

3 (2019)People used to expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than
of Tokyo’ s.
that分析：句意：人们过去经常期望上海迪士尼乐园供给的服务比东京迪士尼乐园供给的更好。

根
据 than 可知，此句为比较级构造，将上海迪士尼乐园的服务和东京迪士尼乐园的服务进行比较。

设空处代
替前方提到的不行数名词 service，指同类但不一样物，故应用 that 指代。

4． (2019·南许昌平顶山两市联考河)Rather than being the by- product of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in(it) ．
itself 分析：句意：感觉幸福不是幸福生活的副产品，而是自己的目标。

in oneself 是固定搭配，意
为“自己，自己”。

5． (2019 ·西六校联考江 )Failure is part of our life.has achieved great success without lots of failures.
Nobody 分析：句意：失败是我们生活的一部分，没有人不经历好多失败就会获取巨大成功。

依据句意
可知，此处表示否认意义，指“没有人”，故填 nobody。

6． (2019河·北邢台质检)Obesity researchers hate when I say this,but their ow n data shows that obesity is not going to kill us.
it分析：句意：肥胖症研究者厌烦我这样说，可是他们自己的数据表示肥胖症不会害死我们。

此句
用 hate it when... 习惯搭配，表示“厌烦”。

7． (2019 山·东师大附中二模)At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced(her)．
herself分析：句意：那时，一位迷人的年青女士注意到了我的书，向我走来并自我介绍。

设空处作
宾语，该空处与主语an attractive young lady 指同一人，故用反身代词herself。

(it) own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the 8． (2019 日·照一模 )Every country has
most beautiful one.
its 分析：考察代词的格。

代词修饰后来的名词应用所有格形式，故填its。

9． (2019 ·南洛阳统考河 ) “ As soon as he opens(he) mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese
are very surprised and they feel proud of him ，” said his music teacher.
his 分析：考察代词。

依据语境mouth 和主语he 可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his 修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。

was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was 10． (2019 沈·阳检测 )It was time for dinner and
going on and getting stronger.
it 分析：考察主语从句。

剖析该句构造可知，句中that 指引的从句为真实的主语，空处是形式主
语，故用it 。