河南省郑州市第四高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第二次调考英语试题

河南省郑州市第四高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第二
次调考英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读选择
There is a day in the life with AI, who follows your move: the way you travel, the food you eat, how you spend your money, the news you read and your social interactions...
7a.m You wake up and glance at your iPhone, which unlocks itself using facial recognition Apple’s Face ID changes your face to a set of numbers that act as your own unique identifier. This biometric portrait is not set in stone-it uses AI to track changes in your appearance, updating its model if you grow a beard, change your makeup style or get older and it also detects whether your eyes are open and your attention is directed at your phone. 8:30a.m You drive to work in your electric car
Cars such as the Tesla can do most of the ordinary aspects of driving. The vehicle’s AI system collects data from eight cameras, identifies obstacles, lanes, intersections and traffic lights and decides what action to take, whether moving skillfully into an awkward parking spot or overtaking a slow lorry. But self-driving cars know only how to deal with situations they have seen before and an ongoing challenge is how to equip them for rare and unexpected events.
4:30p.m Your phone rings with a message from your Amazon Ring doorbell-a package has been delivered to your doorstep
Last year, about one in five households in the UK reported having an AI-based home security system. Amazon Ring uses a motion-activated camera, heat sensor and radar and uses computer vision software to make users different when a person, or a package, is outside their property. Humans have a heavy heat signature and with the radar, the object moving in 3D spaces can be detected.
9:30p.m You scroll (滚动) through a newspaper article that contains a special ad As you read news articles, scroll through social media, make Google searches and buy things online, you leave a trail of clues about who you are, what you might want to spend your money on-that is incredibly valuable for digital advertisers. AI sift (筛) this data for insights into your age, gender, lifestyle, income and your hobbies. This allows companies such as Google to serve up specific, targeted adverts that pop up as you scroll through a news
article.
1．Which of the following is the disadvantage of electric cars?
A．Tendency to cut in.B．Speeding on the lane.
C．Uncontrolled parking areas.D．Lack of information about emergencies. 2．What can we learn about AI from the text?
A．Apple’s Face ID may change your facial features.
B．Self-driving vehicles can replace human drivers.
C．About 20% of English homes adopt Amazon Ring.
D．AI can work out your personal online preference.
3．What information does the text convey?
A．We will live a better life with AI.B．AI enters many aspects of our life.
C．The smartphone is a necessity for us.D．Personal information is no longer secure.
During the summer of 2021, I flew to Greece to learn more about the wildfires there. I wanted to hear people’s stories, to understand what it meant to be displaced by environmental disaster.
In a cafe for people surviving the fire, I met brave children who now have to live with terrible scars, physical and emotional. I met a man who could not even speak to me, his eyes filling with tears.
I was expecting to hear a lot about loss; I was not expecting to learn so much about the attribution (归因) of blame. I came to understand how desperately people needed to blame a tangible entity (实体) –a person, a group of people, the government. Indeed, this was understandable and reasonable. The outbreak and mishandling of the fire needed to be explored, looked into and dealt with.
What surprised me, however, was that the survivors were completely silent over any mention of the climate crisis and global heating. It was made clear to me that this subject was unacceptable. Survivors felt that these issues had nothing to do with what they had suffered, and that the people actually responsible needed to pay.
But when it comes to climate breakdown, blame did not come to just one person, one corporation, one country. In Greece, the fire didn’t rage so hard because someone had set of a spark-it raged so hard because years of global heating had dried up the land, part of a set of unsustainable (不能持续的) practices and inaction that had set our planet on fire. And now
the fires are even worse.
The more I spoke to people, including climate scientists, the more I came to see that there is often a gap that separates science from public awareness. In her book “Engaging With Climate Change” Sally Weintrobe says that “many people who accept global warming continue to regard it as a problem of the future”. To my astonishment, this seemed to apply even to people who had themselves been affected directly by wildfires.
4．What did the author hardly expect to learn in Greece?
A．Kids’ scars.B．Economic loss.
C．Survivors’ blame.D．Duration of the fire.
5．What did the survivors think of the fire?
A．It was closely related to global heating.
B．They couldn’t accept its massive destruction.
C．The government should be responsible for it.
D．It resulted from someone’s setting fire to the forest.
6．What does Sally Weintrobe say about global warming?
A．Much attention has been given to it.
B．People don’t consider it serious now.
C．Scientists are urged to apply efficient way to it.
D．People should make their opinions about it heard.
7．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To inform readers of wildfires in Greece.
B．To encourage readers to donate to survivors.
C．To equip people with surviving skills in wildfires.
D．To raise people’s awareness about the climate crisis.
Compassion has not been a traditional characteristic of sport. With its UK roots in 19th-century British public schools and universities, modern sport developed as way of creating strong military leaders, training them to develop adaptability defined in those times
players and soldiers alike. The “tough guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media stereotypes and Hollywood’s heroes and became rooted into sport and society.
I’ve heard countless stories like the popular culture I found when I joined the Olympic
rowing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected to suffer after mistakes or losses to show that we truly cared, and everyone believed coaches needed to be severe and unforgiving to get results. These approaches still exist. But an alternative approach with compassion at its center addresses aims of performance and wellbeing for those with greater ambitions.
This isn’t some soft option which plays down hard work, as supporters of the earlier traditional sporting mindset might criticize. Research across branches of psychology — behavioral, sports, positive — shows how compassion creates the strongest foundation for adaptability and sustained performance under pressure whether in sport, the military, healthcare or business. Rather than activating our threat system which began to help us survive way back, compassion helps us to feel safe and protected, leaving us free to learn, connect with others and start exploring what we’re capable of.
The continuous need to improve performance has led top coaches to appreciate that high performance requires levels of support to match the level of challenge. When you provide that, players start thriving while striving to achieve more. Rooted in compassion, a different coach-athlete relationship thus develops.
The dictionary definition of compassion includes the recognition of another’s suffering and the desire and support to relieve it. Compassion has been shown to decrease fear of failure and increase the likelihood of trying again when failure does happen. But how many talented athletes experience that depth of support in moments of crisis and failure?
8．What does the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph one mean?
A．Commitment.B．Ambition.C．Suffering.D．Toughness. 9．Why is the example of rowing team mentioned in the second paragraph?
A．To arouse people’s interest about rowing.
B．To recall a painful training experience.
C．To draw a distinction between training approaches.
D．To bring out a compassion-centered training approach.
10．What does the paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Criticism about the compassion.B．Necessity of employing compassion.
C．Characteristics about the compassion.D．Fields that compassion is involved in. 11．What would the author possibly agree?
A．The media is active in developing tough training style.
B．Extraordinary athletes rarely received enough support.
C．The compassion-centered training is widely used in sports.
D．Compassion means more openness to failure and less training.
The past three weeks have witnessed the dramatic rise and fall of a new candidate for the materials science: a superconductor (超导体) that works at room temperature. On July 22th 2023, a team of researchers in South Korea reported their findings on a substance they called LK-99, claiming that its discovery was a “brand new historical moment”. A hit of online physics discussions followed, only to fall flat two weeks later. LK-99, it seemed, was a bubble (泡沫).
Whenever electrical power runs through a transmission (传送) line, some is lost as waste heat, a common tax forced by the laws of nature. The huge potential of superconductors is that they carry electricity over large distances with perfect efficiency, having the greatest impact on energy generation, transmission and distribution. If we ever figure out how to produce them cheaply and make them work at room temperature rather than only at hundreds of degrees below zero, it would revolutionize our economy and help save the environment.
Superconductors can also achieve things like powerful magnetic (磁场的) fields in mid-air, enabling new electronic devices, computers and modes of transportation. This technology has been in development in Japan for decades, with maglev trains originally projected to open to the public in 2027, running at speeds up to 375 miles per hour between Tokyo and Nagoya.
The pull of a room-temperature superconductor grows as our economic and environmental picture darkens. It’s the kind of miracle material that could slow climate change while driving global economy, realized new technologies seen in science fiction.
We still don’t know whether the field of superconductivity research will benefit from the new paths opened up by the LK-99 in the last few weeks. It’s a field where theory and experiment have often challenged each other, and our expectations of what is possible have frequently been questioned by what has been observed. Although public interest will no doubt fade for now, an obvious promise remains: a superconducting golden age might be just over the horizon, and the role of science is clear-to find a way to get us there.
12．What can we learn about electricity from the text?
A．We should pay the tax using electricity.
B．The law of nature regulates the electricity tax.
C．Electricity loss during transmission is unavoidable.
D．Electricity loss can be reduced to zero by superconductors.
13．What may happen if superconductors are materialized?
A．The electricity bill will become a huge burden.
B．The issue of climate change will be dealt with.
C．The economy and environment will start to fade.
D．The new modes of transportation are more available.
14．What is the author’s attitude to superconductors?
A．Neutral.B．Doubtful.C．Confident.D．Indifferent. 15．What would be the best title of the passage?
A．Bubble Burst: Where Is Superconductor LK-99 Going.
B．Superconductor: Why It Sends Scientists Heart Racing.
C．Material Science: How It Booms with Superconductors.
D．Superconductor: How It Becomes the Commander of Technology.
Take a Leap to Find Luck
What is luck? I’ve realized, by watching so long, that luck is rarely a lightning strike, isolated and dramatic. 16 Sometimes it’s calm, and sometimes it blows in gusts, and sometimes it comes from directions that you didn’t even imagine.
So how do you catch the winds of luck? 17 So I’m going to share three things with you that you can do to build a sail to capture the winds of luck. The first thing to do is to change your relationship with yourself. 18 When we’re children, we do this all the time. We have to do this if we’re going to learn how to walk or talk or ride a bike. The problem is, as we get older, we rarely do this. We sort of lock down the sense of who we are and don’t stretch anymore.
The second thing to do is to change your relationship with other people. You need to understand that everyone who helps you on your journey is playing a huge role in getting you to your goals. 19 And if you don’t show appreciation, not only are you not closing the loop, but you’re missing an opportunity.
And third, you want to change your relationship with ideas. Most people look at new ideas that come their way and they judge them. “That’s a great idea” or “That’s a terrible idea.” But it’s actually much more different. Ideas are neither good nor bad. And in fact, the seeds of
terrible ideas are often something truly remarkable. 20
So, yes, sometimes people were born into terrible circumstances, and sometimes, luck is a lightning bolt that hits us with something wonderful or something terrible. But the winds of luck are always there.
A．It’s easy, but it’s not obvious.
B．Judgment brings fear and hope.
C．You need to acknowledge what they’re doing.
D．Nothing comes to you accidentally or randomly.
E．It’s much more like the wind, blowing constantly.
F．Be willing to take small risks that get you out of your comfort zone.
G．When they’re turned into something brilliant, amazing things may happen.
二、完形填空
Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China,
21．A．cherished B．productive C．fixed D．secure 22．A．fight B．recharge C．settle D．evaluate 23．A．narrow B．secret C．desperate D．peaceful 24．A．march B．test C．race D．game 25．A．paraded B．wandered C．leapt D．rushed 26．A．inadequate B．sufficient C．limited D．golden 27．A．excuse B．doubt C．boundary D．access 28．A．concept B．application C．benefit D．knowledge 29．A．scary B．odd C．awkward D．shallow 30．A．replaced B．postponed C．missed D．supported 31．A．operate B．insist C．concentrate D．reflect 32．A．consider B．question C．grasp D．imagine 33．A．regularly B．hurriedly C．properly D．eventually 34．A．agreement B．interaction C．connection D．contrast 35．A．manner B．circumstance C．moment D．challenge
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Qian Xuesen is a great scientist, a man of distinction. He 36 (bear) in Hangzhou, was admitted to the aeronautics department of the MIT in 1934. After graduating with his PhD, he was employed as 37 assistant researcher at Caltech. Qian’s missile designs laid the foundation for the successful building of missiles in the US in the 1940s and 1950s, 38 (make) him a world-renowned rocketeer.
When he learnt of the 39 (thrill) news of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Qian resolutely gave up his privileged conditions in the US and decided to return to his longed-for homeland to contribute as much as he could 40 his own nation.
Upon returning to China, Qian Xuesen was actively involved in research work. Under his 41 (participate) and guidance, China successfully launched its first rocket in 1960, 42 in 1964, it was a great success to run the flight test of China’s first self-designed medium-range rocket. In 1965, Qian’s proposal 43 (develop) an
artificial satellite was included in the country’s key projects, after 44 the first artificial satellite was finally launched into space in 1970.
In 1999, Qian Xuesen 45 (award) the “Two Bombs and One Satellite” Meritorious Medal by the government of PRC, and was hailed as the “Father of China’s Missiles” for his significant contributions to China’s space industry.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，与交换生同学Sam要共同完成一篇英语小论文。

Sam提议用AI完成初稿。

请你用英语给他发一封邮件，内容包括：1. 你对Sam提议的想法和理由；2. 你的建议及计划。

注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Sam,
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
Yours,
Li Hua
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My dad, John, was a basketball fan. He played in college and even coached a local youth team for a few years. His love for the game was unbelievable, and some of my earliest memories are of us playing basketball in the nearby court. I’ve even seen old photos of him in his college days, a proud smile on his face as he held a basketball. But when it came to my own involvement in basketball, he was surprisingly positive that I should focus only on study.
“Basketball won’t pay the bills,” he’d often say, a statement that always struck me as ironic (讽刺的) given how much he loved the sport.
I loved basketball too, and I was pretty good at it. My school coach, Coach Miller, saw potential in me and encouraged me to join the school team. He said I had a natural talent that could take me far if I trained hard. But my dad was against it. He believed that sports would distract me from my studies, and with the final exam around the corner, he didn’t want to take any chances. “Your future is in the classroom, not on the court,” he would insist, dashing my dreams of following in his athletic footsteps.
This tension between us reached a peak when my head teacher, Mrs. Williams, announced a school basketball tournament (联赛). It was a big deal; students from the whole city would come to watch. My friends were excited, and even some teachers were talking about it. However, I knew I couldn’t participate without my dad’s approval. It felt like an invisible chain holding me back, a conflict between my passion and his expectations.
Then something unexpected happened. Mrs. Williams called my dad for a meeting. I was nervous but also hopeful. Mrs. Williams was not just an educator; she was also a parent and understood the balance between academics and extracurricular activities. She had seen students succeed in both, and I hoped she could convince my dad.
After the meeting, my dad seemed to be in deep thought. He didn’t speak immediately, taking his time as if weighing his words carefully. Finally, he broke the silence, “Mrs. Williams made some good points about teamwork and discipline. Maybe it’s time to rethink my stance (立场) on you playing basketball.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I was thrilled but also cautious. “So, can I play in the tournament?” I asked.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
As I scanned the audience, I spotted my dad.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
试卷第11页，共11页。