外研版高中英语必修四备课Module 1 Life in the Future单词·典句·考点 教学素材

名师导航
四点剖析
单词·典句·考点
巧记提示motivate (v. 激发)+(去掉e)-ion（名词后缀）→motivation
经典例句The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一个人学外语的内在动力越高, 那么他就学得越快。

考点聚焦1)motivate v. 给予动机, 刺激, 提高……的学习欲望，如：
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.
考试不能激发学生去获取更多的知识。

2)常用词组:
achievement motivation 成就动机
learning motivation 学习动机
motivation of learning 学习动机
a powerful motivation 一种强烈的动机
巧记提示de-(加强意义)+serve(v. 供职)→deserve
经典例句They deserved to be sent to prison.
他们应该入狱。

You’ve been working all morning—you deserve a rest.
你已干了一个上午，该休息一下了。

考点聚焦1)deserved adj. 应得的; 恰如其分的; 理所当然的(作定语或表语)；
deserving adj. 与of 搭配表示“应得到, 值得的”。

2)习惯用语
deserve well/ill of 值得受到……的礼遇（冷落）
rightly deserve...完全应得(惩罚)
活学巧用 1. 用deserve 的正确形式填空:
1)One good turn __________ another.
2)Li Lin felt that the praise for his progress was __________.
3)The money saved could be used for more __________ causes.
答案：1）deserves 2）deserved 3）deserving
巧记提示ab-(去掉)+sorb(v. 吸，吸掉)→absorb
经典例句Salt absorbs moisture from the air.
盐吸收空气中的水分。

考点聚焦1)absorb 作动词时, 意义比较多, 用法如下:
吸收；如：
Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。

占有；如：
This job absorbs all of my time.
这份工作占有了我全部的时间。

使专心；使全神贯注；如：
The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
作家全神贯注地进行写作, 忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。

支付；负担；如：
We will not absorb these charges.
我们不能承担这些费用。

理解; 吸取（知识）；如：
To follow and absorb an article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement.
读懂一篇文章比较吃力, 因为需要高度的脑力活动。

2)常用词组:
be absorbed by 被……吞并, 为……所吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注在……, 一心从事, 热衷于absorb sb. ’s attention 吸引某人注意
3)词语辨析:absorb, assimilate
在比喻用法中都含“吸收”“吞并”的意思
absorb 指“使被吸收者已失去其特点, 或使其特点不复存在”, 如:
Large nations shouldn’t absorb smaller ones.
大国不应当吞并小国。

assimilate 除含 absorb 意思外, 还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”, 如: We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries.
我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西。

经典例句The meeting came to an abrupt end.
会议突然结束了。

Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.
由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主们已退出市场。

考点聚焦1)abrupt还有“粗鲁无礼的；唐突的” 的意思。

如:
That young man has an abrupt manner.
那个年轻人态度很无礼。

2)词语辨析:sudden, abrupt
意思都是“突然的”。

sudden指“事先未料到、无准备而迅速发生的”, 强调“先未警告的”, 如:
a sudden outburst of temper
突然大发雷霆
abrupt指“突然的”“出其不意的”“事先未告知的”, 如:
He took an abrupt departure.
他突然离去。

活学巧用 2. 翻译下列词组或句子：
1)一条有很多急转弯的路 __________
2)骤然的变化 __________
3)他举止粗鲁。

______________________________________________________________________
答案：1）a road with many abrupt turns 2）an abrupt change 3）He has an abrupt manner.
经典例句Economic policies have accelerated the decline of manufacturing industry.
经济政策加快了制造业的衰落。

The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate.
领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。

巧记提示ap- (to)+point (v. 指)→appoint
经典例句He was appointed mayor of the city.
他被任命为市长。

Who shall we appoint (as) chairman?
我们选派谁担任主席呢?
We must appoint a new teacher at once to that mountain school.
我们必须立即委派一名新教师到那山村小学去。

考点聚焦1)（常与for连用）指定；约定；如：
to appoint a time for the meeting 指定开会时间
2)appointment n. 约会, 预约; 任命, 选派; 职位, 职务；如：
I have an appointment with my dentist this afternoon.
我已约好今天下午去看牙医。

I’m looking for a permanent appointment.
我正在寻找一份固定的工作。

3)习惯用语
break one’s appointment 违约, 失约by appointment 按照约定, 照章have an appointment with sb. at 要在某时间和某人约会hold an appointment 担任某职keep one’s appointment 守约make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会fix an appointment with sb. 与某人约会take up an appointment 就职, 上任
活学巧用 3. 单项填空
Would it be possible to make an early __________ to have my hair cut tomorrow?
A. appointment
B. arrangement
C. employment
D. engagement
答案：A
经典例句Further information can be obtained from our head office.
详细的资料可从我们的总部得到。

He obtained a knowledge of Latin.
他学会了拉丁文。

活学巧用 4. 翻译句子
1)从哪里我可以买到这本字典?
______________________________________________________________________
2)我们希望得到第一手信息。

______________________________________________________________________
答案：1）Where can I obtain the dictionary?
2）We wished to obtain first hand information.
经典例句 A robbery was committed last night.
昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。

If you commit a crime you can never escape being punished.
你要是犯罪, 就逃脱不了惩罚。

考点聚焦1)commit还可以表示“委托（to）; 对……作出保证，承诺；把……提交给”。

如:
The girl was committed to the care of an aunt.
这女孩被交给姨妈照顾。

I asked her what she thought, but she refused to commit herself.
我问她是怎么想的，但她拒不表态。

He would not commit himself in any way.
他不愿做任何承诺。

2)常用词组:
commit oneself on 对……表态
commit oneself to 委身于，专心致志于
commit an error 做错事
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自杀
3)词语辨析:commit, discharge, do都含有“进行某种活动”的意思。

commit指“犯错误或犯下某种罪行”，或指“干某种坏事、傻事”，如：
He was arrested for committing several crimes.
他因犯有多种罪行而被捕了。

discharge指“忠实能干地执行任务”，也指“履行职责或诺言”，如：
The nurse discharged her duties.
那位护士履行了自己的职责。

do指“从事任何一种具体的或抽象的工作”，如：
He did the job brilliantly.
他出色地完成了这份工作。

经典例句The dog howled over its master’s body.
狗对着主人的尸体哀嚎。

One must howl with the wolves.
[谚]跟狼在一起，就得学狼叫；入乡随俗。

The dog howled when it was shut in the house.
狗被关在屋子里时，它就叫起来。

Wind howled round the house.
风在房子周围呼啸。

考点聚焦1）n. 号叫；呼号；如：
a howl of pain 痛苦的号叫
2）常用词语：
howl with laughter 狂笑；如：
They howled with laughter.
他们狂笑起来。

howl down以吼叫声淹没；如：
The brave soldiers howled down defiance at the enemy.
勇敢的战士吼叫着向敌人扑去。

巧记提示blood (n. 血液）→bleed
经典例句All the young soldiers are ready to bleed for the country.
所有的年轻战士都愿意为祖国洒热血。

The cut on my arm bleed for a long time.
我胳膊上的伤口流了好长时间的血。

My heart bleeds for the starving children.
(喻)我心里为这些挨饿的孩子感到悲痛。

考点聚焦1）bleed为不规则动词，其动词过去式:bled；过去分词:bled；现在分词:bleeding。

2）常用词组：
make sb. bleed使某人忍痛出钱, 敲诈吝啬者的钱
bleed sb. dry/white花光或用尽(某人、某国的)金钱; 使(某人)流尽鲜血; 榨尽(某人的)血汗
活学巧用 5. 用bleed的适当形式填空
1)He ran out of the room, with his nose __________.
2)I was badly hurt yesterday. The cut on my arm __________ for a long time.
答案：1）bleeding 2）bled
巧记提示apology(n. 道歉）→apologise
经典例句I have come to apologize to you.
我是来向您道歉的。

I must apologize for not being able to meet you.
我因没能接你而向你道歉。

You must apologize to your sister for being so rude.
你太无理了, 必须向你姐姐道歉。

考点聚焦1)名词形式：apology道歉, 认错, 谢罪；辩解；辩护；
2)apologize常用词组：
apologize to sb. 向某人道歉apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉apologize to sb. for doing sth. 为做了某事向某人道歉apologize for oneself 为某人自己辩解或辩护
活学巧用 6. 单项填空
I’m not going to __________ for what I said—it was a fair comment.
A. excuse
B. apologize
C. pardon
D. forgive
答案：B
经典例句Laugh, and the world laughs with you; Weep, and you weep alone.
【谚】欢笑，整个世界伴你欢笑。

哭泣，只有你独自向隅而泣。

He wept over his sad fate.
他为他的悲惨命运而哭泣。

She wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到这个坏消息时哭了。

考点聚焦1）weep是不规则动词，其动词过去式:wept；过去分词:wept；现在分词:weeping
2）习惯用语
weep away 哭个不停; 在哭泣中度过
weep oneself/on e’s heart out 尽情痛哭; 哭得死去活来
weep out 边哭边说; 用哭来发泄(感情)。