高中英语真题-Module3 Literature_1

高中英语真题:Module3 Literature
【美文阅读】
狄更斯用现实主义笔法展现了当时广阔的社会风景画，又在幽默讽刺之余宣扬他那理想化的伦理道德观。

在英国及说英语的国家里，他几乎家喻户晓。

读狄更斯笔下的人物形象，其奥秘之处简直可以与《红楼梦》中的人物形象媲美。

狄更斯不管是描绘人物的面貌、气质、谈吐，还是人物的服饰、举止风采，都能让人如见其人，如闻其声。

Dickens' Literary Style and Characters
Dickens' writing style is poetic，
with a strong comic touch.His literary style is also a mixture of f antasy and realism.Many of his characters' names provide the r eader with a hint as to the roles played in advancing the storylin e，such as Mr.Murdstone in the novel David Copper field，which is clearly a combination of “murder” and stony coldness. One “character” vividly drawn throughout his novels is itsel f.From the coaching inns on the out
skirts of the city to the lower reaches of the Thames，
all aspects of the capital are described over the course of his bo dy of work.
Dickens is famed(著名
的) for his description of the hardships of the working class，his intricate(错综复杂的) plots，
and his sense of humour.But he is perhaps most famed for the characters he created.His novels created characters to whom r eaders could relate.Dickensian characters－
especially their typical names，such as Oliver Twist，Pip，David Copperfield and so on－
are among the most memorable in English literature.
【诱思导学】
1．What's Dickens' writing style?
_______________________________________________
2．What did Dickens describe most in his novels?
_______________________________________________
【答案】 1.Poetic and a mixture of fantasy and realism.
2.The hardships of the working class in old London.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是学生通过对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

●教学地位
通过本节的教学，让学生了解英国古典文学中的狄更斯作品及其生平并掌握有关的词汇，培养有关的语言技能。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以借助学生在汉语中对于狄更斯及其作品的了解，也就是依据学生的背景常识，并利用狄更斯的画像图片展示，激发学生的阅读和求知兴趣，从而展开师生，生生之间的交流，导入新课。

●教学流程设计
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Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格
【答案】 1.Introduction 2.orphan 3.workhouse 4．companions 5.hunger 6.chosen 7.Results
8.astonished 9.locked 10.reward
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P30－31的Reading and Vocabulary(1)，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why did the boys decide to ask for more food? A．Because the warden was very kind.
B．Because the food was delicious.
C．Because they were afraid that the big boy would eat anothe r small boy.
2．The warden's face became pale，why?
A．Because he was surprised by what Oliver said.
B．Because he was ill.
C．Because he was very hungry.
3．In order to punish Oliver，what did the managers do?
A．They let him stand day and night.
B．They locked him in a room.
C．They let him do a lot of housework.
【答案】1－3 C A B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Oliver Twist and his companions in the workhouse slowly starve d for three months and they became quite wild with1.________ b ecause each boy was 2.________ only one bowl of soup and no more.Among them，
there was a boy whose father had kept a 3.________ shop.One day，
he said if he did not have another bowl of soup each day，
he might 4.________ the small young boy who slept next to him. So the boys decided to choose one to ask the 5.________ for more food.
Oliver Twist was picked out.6.________ with hunger and mis ery，
Oliver Twist walked towards the master to ask for more food.T he warden stared at the child in complete 7.________.No sooner had the boy spoken these words 8.________ the warden hit him on the head.Then he 9.________ Oliver's arms and shouted for Mr. Bumble.The next morning a notice was put up on the door o f the workhouse，
offering a 10.________ to anybody who would employ Oliver Twi
st.
【答案】 1.hunger 2.served 3.cook 4.eat 5.warden
6.Desperate
7.astonishment
8.than
9.seized 10.reward
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．scene
A．to kill sb. by tying a rope around their neck and allowing the m to drop
2．feed B．very interested and excited by sth.that is going to h appen or about sth. you want to do
3．serve C．giving little hope of success
4．eager D．to give food to a person or an animal 5．appetite E．to provide an area or a group of people with a product or service
6．desperate F．a thing that you are given because you have done sth. good，worked hard，etc.
7．hang G．the place where sth. happens，
especially sth. unpleasant
8．reward H．physical desire for food
【答案】 1.G 2.D 3.E 4.B 5.H 6.C 7.A 8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
feed on；be eager to do sth.have an appetite for；
whisper about sth.；be desperate for；in support of；
no sooner...than...
1．He had ________ arrived ________ he was asked to leave. 2．As we know，cows ________ grass.
3．Their company ________ expand into the new market. 4．The girl works very hard.She always ________ knowledge. 5．I think they are ________ you.
6．Just now，I saw they were ________ there.
【答案】 1.no sooner；than 2.feed on 3.is eager to
4.has an appetite for
5.in support of
6.whispering about something
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．The room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall ，with a large pot at one end.
孩子们进食的场所是一间宽敞的大石厅，一口锅放在大厅一侧。

2．When they had cleaned their bowls in this way，
they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes，
as if they wanted to eat it.
他们这样把碗刮干净以后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似
乎要把它吞进肚子。

3．Not until at least thirty seconds had passed，
was the man able to speak.
至少过了30秒钟他才说出话来。

4．No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warde n hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的脑袋。

5．The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the wor khouse，
offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.
第二天早晨，大门外边贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗的人提供奖赏。

Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary(1)
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语和句型的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词、短语、和句型造句。

(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇和句型。

●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师以视频电影片段Oliver Twist导入新课，引导学生通过阅读获得更多有关Oliver Twist的信息内容，并进一步体会世界级文学大家对人物的刻画和描写。

●教学流程设计
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1．scene n．场景，场面
The photo shows a famous scene from the film of Olive Twist，
one of his most popular novels.(教材P29)
这张照片展现了狄更斯最受欢迎的小说之一——《雾都孤儿》中的一个著名场景。

Some of the more violent scenes are very disturbing.
一些暴力较多的场面着实令人很烦。

归纳拓展
on the scene在场；出现；登场
at the scene of在……现场
behind the scenes在幕后；秘密地；在后台
set the scene for...为……做准备
come on the scene登场；出现在舞台上
Journalists were on the scene within minutes.
新闻记者几分钟后就到了事发现场。

Behind the scene，
both sides are working towards an agreement.双方在幕后努力想达成协议。

scene/view/scenery/sight
用scene/view/scenery/sight的适当形式填空
①What a beautiful ________ the opening ceremony of Shangha
i World Expo took on!
②We passed through some beautiful ________ on our journey t hrough the Lake District.
③You'll get a fine ________ of the town from the top of the hill.
④The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ________ in th
e world.
【答案】①scene②scenery③view④sights
2．feed v．(fed；fed)喂养；为……提供食品
The room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall，with a large pot at one end.(教材30)孩子们进食的场所是一间宽敞的大石厅，一口锅放在大厅一侧。

He has a large family to feed.他有一个大家庭要养活。

归纳拓展
feed on 以……为主食
用某物喂某人
be fed up with...吃得太多；反胃；感到厌烦
Ms. Black feeds milk to the cat.
布莱克女士用牛奶喂猫。

I'm fed up with her complaining.我听够了她的牢骚。

The little boy enjoyed himself feeding grass ________ the cow. A．on B．to
C．with D．/
【解析】feed...to...意为“把……喂给……”，为固定搭配。

feed...on...(＝feed...with...)意为“用……喂养……”。

句意：那个小男孩给奶牛喂草，玩得很高兴。

【答案】B
3．serve v．端上(饭菜等)；服务；服役
The warden，helped by two women，
served the soup from this pot at meal time.(P30)
开饭的时候，大师傅从锅里舀粥，有两个女人替他打杂。

They usually serve tea at three.
他们通常在3点钟提供茶点。

He has served in the navy for a year.
他已经在军队服役一年了。

归纳拓展
给某人端上…；用…招待某人
serve as作为，当作
service n．服务
My friend，
who ________ on the International Olympic Committee all his lif e，is retiring next month.
A．served B．is serving
C．had served D．has served
【解析】本题考查动词时态。

根据all his life“他的一生”和主句时间状语next month可以确定题意表达的是他“已经”服务了一生，故用现在完成时态。

【答案】D
4．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
When they had cleaned their bowls in this way，
they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes，
as if they wanted to eat it.(P30)他们这样把碗刮干净以后，就坐在那儿，眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅，似乎要把它也吞进肚子。

The company is eager to expand into the new market.
那家公司急欲开辟新的市场。

归纳拓展
be eager for盼望，想得到
be eager to do渴望做某事
He was eager for success他渴望成功。

Children are eager to go to college.
孩子们渴望上大学。

【教师备课资源】
“渴望”的多种说法
have a desire for...
have a thirst for...
have an appetite for...
be thirty for...
be anxious for...
long for...
When my own daughter was five years old，
I became eager ________ another baby.
A．of B．to C．for D．with
【解析】be eager for意为“渴求，想得到，盼望……”，为固
定搭配。

【答案】C
5．appetite n．胃口，食欲
Boys usually have excellent appetites.(P30)
男孩子的胃口通常都很好。

He has a good appetite for knowledge.
他非常好学。

Don't spoil your appetite by eating between meals.
不要在两餐之间吃东西，以免影响食欲。

归纳拓展
lack of appetite食欲不振
to one's appetite合某人口味
lose one's appetite食欲不振
have an appetite for有……欲望；渴望
This kind of fast food is not fit for my ________.
A．health B．favour
C．stomach D．appetite
【解析】health意为“健康”；favour意为“喜爱，偏爱，支持，恩惠”；stomach意为“胃，腹部”；appetite意为“胃口，食欲”。

句意：这种快餐不适合我的口味。

【答案】D
6．whisper v．低声地说；耳语 n．耳语(声)；低语(声)
The boys whispered to each other，
and those next to Oliver nudged him.(P30)孩子们交头接耳，那些坐在奥利弗旁边的孩子用胳膊肘推他。

What are you two whispering about over there?
你们俩在那里嘀咕什么呢？
归纳拓展
whisper sth.to sb./whisper sb.sth.向某人密谈某事
whisper(sth.) in one's ear跟某人耳语
whisper about sth.密谈某事
in(a) whisper耳语地；低声地
He asked a question in whisper in case it would be heard.他悄声问了个问题，怕别人听见。

I heard the children whispering about the travel at weekend alo ne when I passed their room.当我经过孩子们的房间时，我听到孩子们在密谈周末独自旅行的事。

完成句子
①他悄声把这个消息告诉了戴维。

He ________ the message ________ David.
②她坐在罗西的膝盖上，听他低声耳语。

She sat on Rossi's knee as he ________________.
③我低声告诉他们我所看到的情况。

I told them what I had seen ________________.
【答案】①whispered；to ②whispered in her ear ③in(a) whisper
7．healthy adj.健康的
The warden was a fat，healthy man，
but his face became very pale.(P30)
大师傅是个身强体壮的胖子，他的脸刷地变白了。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy，wealthy and wise.
睡得早，起得早，使人聪明、富裕、身体好。

health/fit/well
用healthy/fit/well填空
①She tries to keep ________ by jogging every day.
②All of them have ________ lifestyles.
③I am sorry to hear you were not ________ yesterday.
【答案】①fit②healthy③well
8．in astonishment 惊讶地，吃惊地
He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to t he pot for support.(P30)
他瞪着那个孩子，完全惊呆了，手抓着锅以求站稳。

He looked at me in astonishment.
他惊讶地望着我。

I stood up in astonishment.我吃惊地站了起来。

归纳拓展
to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是
to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是
________ of his friends, he has recovered.
A．To their much astonishment
B．To the much astonishment
C．To much their astonishment
D．Much to their astonishment
【解析】much此处为程度副词，修饰to their astonishment，意为“十分；非常”。

句意：令他的朋友们大为吃惊地是，他已恢复健康了。

【答案】D
9．Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man ab le to speak.(P30)
至少过了30秒钟他才说出话来。

“Not until...助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋谓语＋...”这是一个倒装句，意为“直到……才……”。

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.
直到下周才开运动会。

归纳拓展
①在肯定句中，till/until意为“直到……为止”，主句的谓语动词需为延续性动词。

在否定句中，till/until与否定词搭配，意为“直到……才”。

②not until的强调结构为：It is/was not until＋从句/表时间的词＋that＋...
①Not until he put off his glasses ________ he was a famous act or.
A．I knew B．I did know
C．did I know D．had I know
【解析】当not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。

其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋(主句)主语＋谓语＋...。

【答案】C
②It was ________ back home after the experiment.
A．not until midnight did he go
B．until midnight that he didn't go
C．not until midnight that he went
D．until midnight when he didn't go
【解析】此题考查“not...until...”结构的强调句式：
It is/was not until...that...故选C。

【答案】C
10．No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the ward en hit him on the head with the soup spoon.(P31)孩子的话刚出口，大师傅就操起勺子敲他的脑袋。

no sooner...than...＝hardly/scarcely...when...
表示“一……就……”，no sooner, hardly，scarcely放于句首通常使用部分倒装句式。

No sooner(Hardly/Scarcely) had we got onto the train than(whe n) it began to draw out from the station.
我们刚上车，火车就启动开出了车站。

No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我一到家天就下起雨来。

归纳拓展
表示“一……就……”的结构还有：
as soon as
on＋名词/动名词
the moment/minute/instant/second/immediately/
directly/instantly＋clause
at the sight of一看见……就……
at the sound of一听见……就……
完成句子
①我一到达他就打来电话。

__________________ I arrived than he called.
＝I ________________ arrived than he called.
②我一到那儿，就给你写信。

I'll write to you ______________________ I get there.
＝I'll write to you on __________________________.
【答案】①No sooner had；had no sooner
②as soon as/the minute/the moment/immediately/instantly；
my arrival there
11．hang v．绞死；吊死；悬挂；垂下
“They'll hang that boy”，
said a gentleman in a white jacket.(P31)“他们会把那个孩子吊死”，一个穿着白色夹克的绅士说道。

She hanged herself out of despair.
她因绝望而上吊自尽。

He hung his head when he heard what she said.
听到她说的话，他低下了头。

归纳拓展
hang about/round/around闲待着，闲逛；闲荡
hang on＝hold on紧紧抓住；不挂断电话
hang out常去某处，泡在某处；挂出；闲逛
hang up挂断电话
Hang on a minute；I'm just coming.
请稍等一下，我马上就来。

We should hang on to the shares until their prices are higher.我们应当尽力留住这些股票，直到股票价格升高。

【提示】hang；hung；hung吊，悬挂(不规则动词) hang；hanged；hanged吊死，绞死(规则动词)
完成句子
①At that time a thief could be ________(绞死)．
②________(挂)on the wall is a beautiful painting.
③What's the sense of having a public open space where you c an't eat，drink or even simply ________(闲逛) for a while?
【答案】①hanged②Hanging③hang out
12．reward n．酬谢；奖赏；赏金
The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workh ouse，
offering a reward to anyone who would employ Oliver Twist.(P3 1)第二天早晨，济贫院的大门上贴出了一张告示，向愿意雇用奥利弗的人提供奖赏。

You have received a just reward.
你已得到了应有的酬谢。

By rights, half the reward should be mine.
按理说，有一半奖赏应该是我的。

归纳拓展
in reward(for...)作为(对……的)报答
reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因为……而酬谢某人reward...with sth.(for...)
(因……)用……来报答……
It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。

Is this how you reward me for my help?
你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗？
award/prize/reward
用reward/award/prize的适当形式填空
①Beyonce was ________ Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in the 52th Grammy Music Awards.
②As a ________ for being good, Karen bought all the children p izza.
③Both of the students succeeded，
and each received a ________.
【答案】①awar ded ②reward③prizePeriodⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语。

(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够掌握运用倒装句和强调句。

●教学地位
语法在学习中非常重要。

让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

●教学流程设计
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1．escape v. & n．逃跑
Magwitch has escaped from prison but is soon caught again an d sent to Australia in a prison ship.(P37)
马格韦契刚从监狱里逃出来，但不久又被抓住并被一艘监狱的船运往澳大利亚。

The prisoner managed to escape from prison.
那个囚犯设法逃离了监狱。

He escaped punishment/being punished.
他没有被惩罚。

归纳拓展
escape from从……中逃脱
escape doing sth.逃脱(做)某事
a narrow escape死里逃生；险些遇险
make one's escape逃跑
Last night thanks to my roommate's smelling gas escaping in th e kitchen，we had a narrow escape.昨晚幸亏我的室友闻到了厨房的泄漏的煤气味，我们才死里逃生。

They narrowly escaped being killed in the fire.
他们险些死于火中。

We were lucky that we just escaped ________ the rain. A．being caught in B．to catch
C．to be caught in D．catching
【解析】escape后接动名词，所以B、C可以排除；又因为主语we和catch之间有被动关系，所以A项正确。

【答案】A
2．intend v．打算
Some years later，
Pip learns that an unknown person intends to give him money e very month.(P37)几年后，皮普获悉一位不知名的人打算每月都给他一些钱。

They intend their son to work in their company.
他们想让儿子在他们的公司工作。

They intend that the plan should be put into practice within the y ear.他们打算在本年内实行该计划。

归纳拓展
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended/meant for专门为/专门给
intend that...打算……
intend doing sth./to do sth.打算……
intention n．打算；目的；意图
by intention故意
without intention无意中；不是故意的
The chair was intended for you，but Tom took it away.
那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被汤姆拿走了。

I came with the intention of staying，
but now I've decided to leave.
我来时一心想留下，但现在我已决定离开。

【提示】①had intended to do sth./had intended＋that从句，表示“(过去某个时候)本来打算做某事(但没做成)，有类似用法的词还有plan，think，hope，mean等。

②intend作“意欲，打算”讲，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

完成句子
①这本书是为儿童写的。

The book ____________ for children.
②我叔叔问我当我大学毕业后，打算从事什么职业。

I was asked by my uncle what I ________ be after I graduate
d from college.
③他离开英国，打算去中国旅行。

He left England ____________ of travelling in China.
【答案】①is intended ②intended to ③with the intention 3．attain v．获得，达到
Few people could ever hope to attain an acceptable standard of living.(P39)
很少有人会期望达到可以接受的生活标准。

The country attained its independence in 1972.
这个国家在1972年获得了独立。

attain/obtain/achieve
He finally attained a position of power.
他最终获得了权位。

Further information can be obtained from head office. 详细资料可以从总部获得。

He has achieved great success in the field of politics. 他在政治领域取得了巨大的成功。

Many students complain that they find it difficult to ________ the goals they have set for themselves although they have studied hard.
A ．attain
B ．contain
C ．
obtain D ．maintain
【解析】 attain 意为“获得，达到”；contain 意为“包含，容纳”；obtain 意为“得到、获得某物”；maintain 意为“维持，保持”。

句意：许多学生抱怨，尽管他们已经学习很努力了，但还是很难达到他们为自己确立的目标。

【答案】 A
4．concern n ．&v.关心，担心；使担忧；与……有关
Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and eve n starvation because of a lack of food，
yet their welfare was of no concern.(P39)
由于缺少食物，许多人都营养不良甚至饿死，然而伦敦的纳税人对他们的健康却漠不关心。

She concerns herself about her son's future.
她为儿子的未来担心。

归纳拓展
①be of(much/no) concern to...
对于……来说(很/不)重要
be concerned about/for担心，关心
be concerned with 牵涉到，与……有关
as/so far as...is concerned 关于，就……而言
②concerning prep.关于
We're all concerned about/for her safety.
我们都为她的安全担忧．
The book is mainly concerned with the football corruption. 这本书主要讲的是足球界的腐败。

As far as I'm concerned，
it's wrong to interfere other country's affairs.
我认为，干涉其他国家的内政是不对的。

完成句子
①这个消息震惊了大众，引起了对学生在校安全的极大关注。

The news shocked the public，
leading to ________________ students' safety at school.
②警方说他们很担心这个男孩的安全。

The police said they were very ________ the boy's safety.
③她最近的一部小说是关于青年失业问题的。

Her latest novel is ________ youth unemployment.
【答案】①great concern about ②concerned about/for
③concerned with
观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary(1) 中选取的句子，体会倒装句与强调句的用法。

①Pip believes that it is Miss Havisham who has done this for h im.
②It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.
③Not until at least thirty seconds had passed was the man able to speak.
④No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
⑤Never have I heard anything like it!
[自我总结]
上述句子中的①②为________；③④⑤为________。

【答案】强调句倒装句
倒装句与强调句
Ⅰ.倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。

若把谓语动词放在主语之前，则构成倒装句。

如果把全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词、情态动词或系动词放在主语之前，则构成部分倒装。

Ahead sat an old woman.(完全倒装)
前面坐着一个老妪。

Never have I seen such a terrible performance.(部分倒装)我从未见过如此糟糕的表演。

一、完全倒装
1．在there, here开头的句子里，谓语是come, go等动词时句子为完全倒装。

Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell.Let's go into the lecture hall.
铃响了。

我们进入演讲大厅吧。

【提示】若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。

Here he comes.他来了。

There they ran.他们跑开了。

2．在副词in, out, up, down, away, off以及now, then, thus开头的句子里，谓语动词是come, go, be，run等动词时句子为完全倒装。

Then came the chairman.那时总裁来了。

3．地点状语提前，谓语是be，stand, sit, lie等单个动词时，用完全倒装。

In front of the house stopped a police car.
一辆警车停在了房子前面。

4．为了强调句中的状语或表语，或为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或表语置于句首，句子采用完全倒装。

Suddenly, before us appeared a man with a mask on his face.突然一个蒙面人出现在我们面前。

二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

也就是把原句变成一般
疑问句的形式。

1．only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，使用部分倒装。

Only in this way can you learn English well.
只有用这种方式，你才能学好英语。

【提示】如果句首的only修饰主语，不用倒装语序。

Only the teachers can use the room.
只有老师能用这个房间。

2．具有否定意义的副词、介词短语，如
hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, never, not, little, seldom, at n o time, in no way, by no means, under no condition, not until, n either, nor等放在句首时，使用部分倒装。

Hardly did I think it possible.我认为这不可能。

【提示】not until＋从句放于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。

3．把so放在句首，表示前面说的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)；把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人(或物)时，使用部分倒装。

They are now preparing for their final examinations and so are we.
他们正在为期末考试作准备，我们也一样。

We didn't attend the party. Neither did they.
我们没去参加聚会。

他们也没去。

【提示】(1)倒装部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词在时态和形式上要与前句一致，在数上要与后面主语相一致。

(2)so表示对前句内容的肯定，译作“确实，正是”时，应用正常语序。

—You seem to like music.——你好像喜欢音乐。

—So I do.——我确实喜欢。

4．as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒可不倒，两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。

Tired as he was, he stayed up late.
虽然很疲倦，可他很晚才睡。

Try as I might, I could not lift the stone.
尽管用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。

【提示】(1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。

(2)句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。

如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5．在“so/such...that...”句型中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
他说话的声音太大了，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。

6．such位于句首时，句子须倒装，谓语动词的单复数根据其后的名词决定。

Such is my hope for the future.
我对未来的希望就是这样。

【提示】such如果修饰主语，主谓不须倒装。

Such poets as Shakespeare are widely read, of whose works, h owever, some are difficult to understand.
像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被人们广泛阅读，虽然他们的作品中有些难读懂。

7．在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前，用部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.
我是你的话，就再试一次。

8．在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

Ⅱ.强调句
1．强调句型的结构：
(1)强调句的句型结构是：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋原句的剩余部分。

(2)如果句子用的是过去时态(如一般过去时、过去完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时)，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在时态或将来时态(如一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时、现在进行时)，强调结构中就用is。

当被强调部分是指人时，可以用who代替that。

但是，无论被强调的部分是表示地点还是表示原因、方式、时间的名词，要用that，不能用where, why, how或when。

It is that teacher who(that) is teaching our English.
就是那个老师教我们英语。

It was in the library that I saw her yesterday.
我昨天是在图书馆见到她的。

【提示】(1)所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。

(2)被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。

2．强调句的一般疑问句
把is/was提前，即：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？Was it in Beijing that we knew each other?
我们是在北京认识的吗？
3．强调句的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋be＋it＋that＋其他成分？
When was it that he left here?
他是什么时候离开这儿的？
4．强调句型还可以用“It might be...that...和
It must have been...that...”表示推测。

It might be in the restaurant that you left your wallet.
你可能把钱包忘在了那个餐馆。

5．对not...until结构中until后面部分进行强调时，要把否定词not放在until之前，实际上就是把强调句型变成否定式，即：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。

It was not until the rain stopped that they started.
直到雨停他们才出发。

6．几组易混句型比较：
(1)强调句与“It is/was＋时间＋when”从句：
在后一种句型中it代指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。

注意两种句型中“时间”表达方式的不同。

It was at 8 o'clock that we got home.(强调句)
It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.(时间状语从句) (2)强调句型与“It is/has been＋时间＋since”从句：
It is/has been...since...表示“自从……以来已有……(时间)”。