英语八大时态结构_含例句

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时态(8个):
一般现在时: 经常或习惯性的动作
结构: 肯定句主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 eg: I am Chinese.
否定句主语+be not +其他 eg: I am not a boy.
疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Are you a girl?
或: 肯定句主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语动词要变形)
eg: I (He) often get (gets) up early.
否定句主语+don't+动原+其他 (三单作主语don't变doesn't)
eg: I (She) don’t (doesn’t) like him.
疑问句 DO+主语+动原+其他 (三单作主语do变does)
eg: Do (Does) you (she) like playing baseball?
关键词: sometimes=at times有时,often经常, usually通常, always总是,
every day每天, on Sunday afternoon在周日下午, five days a week一周五天, three times a month
一个月三次… 
现在进行时: 正在发生的动作
结构: 肯定句主语+be+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am reading now.
否定句主语+be not+动词的现在分词(ing)+其他 eg: I am not working.
疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 eg: Are you sleeping?
关键词:now现在, at the moment此刻, look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.
一般将来时: 将要发生的动作
结构: 肯定句主语+will+动词原型+其他 eg: I will call you later.
否定句主语+will not +动词原型+其他 eg: I will not go to the park.
疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 Will you go shopping with her?
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
关键词:tomorrow, next year明年, tonight今晚, this year今年, at the end of this term这学期期末, from now on从现在开始, soon一会儿马上, later后稍后,in three days三天之内, in the future 未来…
一般过去时: 过去发生的动作强调时间
句子结构:肯定句主语+be(was,were)+其他 eg: I was born on July.1st, 2000.
否定句主语+be not+其他 eg: I was not born in 1999.
疑问句 Be+主语+其他 eg: Were you born in January?
或: 肯定句主语+动词的过去式(ed)+其他 Lily went shopping yesterday.
否定句主语+did not+动原+其他 eg: He did not go to school today.
疑问句 Did+主语+动原+其他eg:Did she pass the test?
关键词:yesterday昨天,last week上周, last year去年, 一段时间+ago如ten years ago十年前 five hours ago五小时前, in +年/月,on+具体日期...
Just now=a moment ago刚才,in the old days从前, long ago很久以前...
过去进行时: 过去正在发生的动作
结构: 肯定句主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他
eg: I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.
否定句主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他
They were not staying at home at this moment last Sunday.
疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他
Were you sleeping when I called you last night?
关键词:具体时间如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this moment last Sunday上周日的这个时候...
现在完成时: 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响强调动作或其产生的结果
结构:肯定句主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(三单变成has)
eg: This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand trees
否定句主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: He has not arrived at home yet.
疑问句 Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Have you been to China?
关键词:already已经, yet还, just刚刚, ever曾经, never从不,so far目前, for +一段时间,since+过去的具体时间,this year alone今年以来,these five years alone这五年以来",in the last ten years 在过去的十年中… 
过去将来时:
结构: 肯定句主语+ would+动原+其他 eg: I didn't know if he would come.
否定句主语+ would not +动原+其他
eg: They were not going to go hiking unless they finished their homework.
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 (would you like是词组一个固定搭配一般用表示礼貌的问)
eg: Would you like to have a dinner with me?
(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would也可以用should)
过去完成时:
结构: 肯定句主语+had +动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
否定句主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他
eg: He said he has not been to America.
疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
eg: Had he completed his homework by the time you got there.
关键词: 句子中的两个动作都发生在过去
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:often,usually,always,sometimes,every week(day,year,month...),once a week,on Sundays,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① am /is /are +not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词 do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month...),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:① was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①was或were放在句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are +doing
否定形式:am/is/are +not+doing
一般疑问句:把be动词放在句首
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语
等。

基本结构:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/were +not+doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放在句首
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状
态。

时间状语:recently,lately,since...,for...,in the past few years,etc.
基本结构:have/has +done
否定形式:have/has +not+done
一般疑问句:have/has放于句首
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某一时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去
的过去”。

时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month...),etc.
基本结构:had +done
否定形式:had +not+done
一般疑问句:had放于句首
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year....),soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day after tomorrow,etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to +do;②will/shall+do
否定形式:①am/is/are +not+going to +do;② will/shall+not+do
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;② will/shall提到句首
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语:the next day(morning,year...),the following month(week...),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to +do;② would/should +do
否定形式:①was/were/not+going to +do;②would/should +not+do
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首
一般现在时讲解与练习
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。

如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

构成: 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。

如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。

如:We study English.我们学习英语。

如:Mary likes Chine 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"或变“y”为“ies”
se.玛丽喜欢汉语。

Miss Gu teaches us English. 顾老师教我们英语。

She studies Chinese every day.她每天学习语文。

否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句:
1. be动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。

如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I’mnot.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。

如:Where is my bike?
like bread.
2.行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ don’t(d oesn’t
) +动词原形(+其它)。

如:I don’t
often play.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn’t构成否定句。

如:He doesn’t
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如:- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如:- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she d oesn’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。

如:How does your father go to work?
一般现在时的动词形式
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后的动词词尾有所变化。

第三人称单数动词词尾的变化
有几种形式:一般情况加-s reads, says, takes
以ch, sh, s, x, 或o结尾的词加-es teaches, washes, goes, misses, mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加-es studies, cries, carries
一般现在时:表示站在“现在”这个时段叙述一般情况下发生的事情或状态, 经常性或习惯性的动作。

用法:(1)Be型句子(即句子里动词为am或is或are)以be为助动词,注意主谓搭配
→ What is his job?
例:He is a teacher. → Is he a teacher? Yes, he is. / No, he i sn’t
I am / You are / He is / She is / It is / We are / You are / They are
(2) 行为动词句子(do型)
Ⅰ主语为第一,第二人称及复数,助动词为do (don’t).
My parents like watching TV in the evening. → Do your parents like watching TV in the evening? Yes, they d
o. / No, they don’t.→ What do they do in the evening?
Ⅱ若人称为第三人称单数,助动词为does (doesn’t),肯定句(仅肯定句)时动词要有变化,否定句与疑问句动词不变(基本同名词复数变化)与上面的一组句子比较。

My father likes watching TV. → Does your father like watch TV ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.→ What does y our father do in the evening?
一般现在时动词口诀: 肯定句:单数开头S形式,复数,你我用原形
否定句:单数开头doesn’t加动词,复数、你我don’t加动词
一般疑问句:单数Does××加动词,复数、你我Do××加动词
2.第三人称单数的动词变化规则
(1)多数动词直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….
(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes d oes washes crosses mixe s
(3)动词末尾y前为辅音: 将y改i加es: study→studies fly→flies y前若为元音则直接加s: buys says
小学现在进行时讲解一、现在进行时的定义,构成,标志性词语定义:表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发
生的动作或存在的状态。

构成:由be(am/is/are) +动词----ing形式构成标志性词语标志性词
语标志性词语标志性词语: 1.现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时现在进行时....通常用通常用通常用通
常用“now”eg: I am doing my homework now 2现在进行时....通常用“look”.... eg: L ook! My mother is running!!!eg: 3.现在进行时....通常用“listen”eg: Listen! They are reading
4.现在进行时....通常用“at the (this) moment”eg: At the (this) moment, he is only weeping.eg:
二、动词现在分词的构成规则 1 一般情况下直接加ing think------------thinking sleep------------sleeping study------------studying speak------------speaking say------------saying carry------------carrying wake------------waking 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing come------------coming make------------making leave------------leaving h ave------------having take------------taking 3 以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹
一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing stop------------stopping sit------------sitting run------------running forget------------forgetting b egin------------beginning这类词还有:bigin,cut, get,hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, no d, dig,forget, regret, rid, 等。

4以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing die------------dying li e------------lying 三、现在进行时的用法(1)用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作,例如:Mother is cooking in the kitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。

What are you looking at? are you lookin g at? 你在看什么?(2)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作(但说话时不一定在进行),例如:
Is she writing a novel? 她正在写一本小说吗?(3)用来表示即将发生的动作,一般是指
按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。

适用于这种情况的动词主要有:go,come,leave,start,arrive等。

例如: I’m going home in half an hour.我一个半小时内要回家。

The train is arr iving soon.火车很快就要到达了。

四、现在进行时的句型变化肯定式结构:主语+be+动词----in g形式+其他....例如:
We are running now. 否定式结构:主语+be+not+动词----ing形式+其他.例如:They aren’t doing their homework. 一般疑问句式结构:Be+主语+动词----ing形式+其他?例如:Is she having Engl ish lesson? 回答:肯定:Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isn’t. 特殊疑问句式结构:疑问词+be+主语+其他?例如: What is he doing now? 回答:He is swimming.
一1Be 动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词am is 的过去式为w as; are的过去式为were. 构成+was (were) +表语如I was late yesterday.
否定句+was (were) +not+表语如We weren't late yesterday.
【注意】was were时not构成否定句。

如I was on the Internt when you called me.当你打电话给我时I was not/wasn'ton the Inter nt when you called me .当你打电话给我时疑问句Was (Were) +主语+表语如Were you ill yesterday? 肯定回答Yes,I was. 否定句No,I wasn't. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语如Whe n were you born? 你是什么时候出生的2实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过
去式do和does 的过去式did. 肯定句为+动词过去式+宾语
如I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.否定句+didn't +动词原
形+宾语如I didn't go home yesterday. 疑问句Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如Did you go home yesterday? 肯定回答Yes,I did.
否定回答No,I didn't. 3助动词和情态动词过去式如下sha ll―should will―would can—could
may―might must―must have to―had to助动词和情态动词的过
去时态要使用他们的过去式如I had to do my homework yesterday.
1
句式+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨亚说了几句话。

2
yesterday 昨天、the day before yesterday 前天、two days ago…两天前…、the other da y前几天、last night (week 、Sunday 、weekend、month、winter、year、century 世纪ago 很久以前+ago、this morning/afternoon/evening 、just now 刚刚、at the moment 此刻、at the ag e of 8在8岁的时候、one day 、once upon a time 很久以前、in the old days 过去的日子里、long long ago很久以前Did you have a party the other day前几天Lei Feng w as a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。

注意(3
没有表示过去的时间状语
表示。

The boy opened his eyes for a moment looked at the captain and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿4
与always never等连用。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。

伞。

比较Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。

Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太总是带着一把伞。

I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。

5used to do He used to d rink alcohol. 他过去喝酒。

I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。

6
I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。

But now I know you are here.
实义动词过去时变化规律:①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed。

(所谓的一般情况,就是除了以下②、③、④三种情况)
如:wanted,played。

②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d。

如:hoped,lived。

③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed。

如:stopped, shipped。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed。

如:studied,worried。

初中英语过去进行时讲解及练习(一过去进行时
事情或动作。

was/were +doing (现在分词1、过去进行时表示过去某
段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。

常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如1We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

2What was he resear ching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么3My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。

4It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

5Whe n I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候 2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。

时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。


What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么(介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。

(when从句表示时间点) 3. 在复合句中
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。

(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。

(两个动作同时进行) 4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。

如She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作always,constantly,continually,fr equently等连用His mother was always working like that.他目前总是那样工作。

6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。

例如
误I was knowing the answer. 正I knew the answer. 我知道答案。

误I wasn't understan ding him. 正I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。

典型例题1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情when表时间的同时性发生的背景
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep. A. read; was falling B. w as reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while"当……之时"。

描述一件事发生的背景时
为"在她看报纸时"句中的fell (fall的过去时)后跟形容词fall sick。

1
He went to Beijing the other day.
a) would ,used to与过去时would 表间断性不规则的习惯
带频率时间used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words. He smoked a lot two years ago. b) Would 用于文中不用于
句首Used to 表今昔对比的含义would 换用。

When he was a boy , he would often go there . She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
c) 表示状态时一般只用used to Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合适于..”He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常) He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
此事件用一般过去时。

He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
和want , wonder , hope 等How did you like the film? / Could you help me? B. 过去进行时
What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生) 表示按计划、打算During that time he was going with
us.(表示打算) always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱He was always Ch anging his mind. 2、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别1
发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过
去时间完成的动作: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信(可能没打完) I ty ped some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信(已经打完) A. 过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未
完成I was reading the book at that time. (未读完
的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已读完) B、一般过去时表示只做一次动作行时却表示动作反复地进行。

She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。

It was rain ing all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词) He was writing a letter the whol e of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用) when 和while 的用法区别两者的区别如下①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点
while是during the time that when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终
止性动词while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主
从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句句应用一般过去时
句都用过去进行时的时候while引导 a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing.
现在完成时讲解
现在完成时是中学英语中十分重要的语法内容,是学好英语的重要一环,希望同学们努力学习。

我们应该把它的特点,含义和用法等弄清楚。

下面就其特点,定义及其用法予以说明。

一、现在完成时的含义:
(一)、它是过去发生的或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

理解:1、表示过去发生的
某一动作(该动作已经结束)对现在造成的影响或结果。

例如:He has had his lunch.(强调结果,饱了)。

又如:__---Have you done your homework?__---Yes, I have.(强调对现在的影响,其结果是作业已经完成了。

)2、表示过去已经开始,并持续到现在的动作或状态,它往往与表示一段时间段"for+时间段","since +过去的时间点"连用.
如:I have taught here for more than two years. We have lived in this street since 1987.
(二)、特点:既涉及过去又联系现在,动作是过去发生的,其结果是现在存在的.例如:She has come.(她来了.)这句话说明两点:1)她是过去某一时候来的.2)她现在仍然在这里,而且主要是说她在这
里,动词用了现在完成时表示"现在还存在过去的某一动作的结果或影响",至于她是什么时候来的,是
十分钟以前还是一个小时以前,并不是这句话所强调的情况.又例如:She has gone.(她走了.)这句话说明"走"的动作是发生在过去,而且对现在造成的影响是“她不在这里了”.但是,She went.则只强调“走”这一动作发生在过去,至于现在她在不在这里就不得而知了,也不是强调的重点。

(三)、如何理解“对现在造成的影响或结果”?
它包括这样几种情况:看得见的,看不见的,肯定的,否定的。

例如:1),He has cleaned the blackboard. 其结果:看得见——现在黑板是干净的。

2),He has studied French. 其结果:看不见——但现在他懂法语。

其结果:否定的——现在房间不干净。

4).He has never learned English. 其结3).He hasn’t cleaned the room.
果:否定的——他现在仍然不懂英语。

所以,不管是哪一种影响或结果,只有到目前还存在的情况下才能用现在完成时。

一旦结果或影响
不复存在,或者即便存在也不强调,就不能用现在完成时,而应用一般过去时,这也正是两者的区别所在。

例如:He has cleaned the room.(他是在过去打扫了房间,房间现在仍干净。

)He cleaned the room an hour (他也是在过去打扫了房间,但现在又脏了,发生在过去的“打扫”这一动作与现在ago ,but it’s dirty now.
无关。


注意:一般过去时是说,过去发生的或已经结束或完成的动作,它和现在没有直接关系,或者即使
与现在有某种联系,但说话者并不强调与现在的这种关系,而只是指出:那个动作发生在过去某一时间;
而现在完成时却正是要强调过去的那个动作与现在的关系。

二.现在完成时结构:
(一)、结构:主语+助动词has/have+动词的过去分词(注意:has只用于第三人称单数的情况。

)(二)、动词过去分词的构成,这里只谈规则动词,既过去式与过去分词都是加-ed的。

有下面四种情况:1.一般的也是绝大多数的动词是直接在后面加-ed,例如,played
2.以e结尾的动词只加-d,例如,loved
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed
4.以一个辅音字母(r/w/y除外)结尾的重读闭音节,要双写这个辅音字母再加ed,例如,stopped,planned, preferred等。

(三),不规则动词的变化规则:这些不规则动词有下面一些规律可循,
希有助于同学们记忆。

1. AAA型:既动词原形。

过去式,过去分词三者同形。

例如:
let, set. hit .cut. put, shut .cost. hurt, read. spread
2. AAB型:只有一个,beat---beat---beaten
3. ABA型:既过去式与过去分词不同,但过去分词与原形相同。

如:
run. come, become. overcome(克服)
4.ABB型:既过去式与过去分词相同,而两者与原形不同。

可分为下面六组:
第一组:feel. keep. sleep weep sweep meet leave smell. deal spoil spill它们都以t结尾.
第二组:spend lend send build都是变d为t
第三组:lose get win shine dig hang都是变其中的元音字母。

第四组:bring buy fight think catch teach都以ught结尾,其中catch, teach以aught结尾。

第五组:tell sell lay pay say 都以“d”结尾
第六组:无规律组,必须硬记.find stand understand sit have make hold hear mean
5.ABC型:既过去式,过去分词与动词原形三者各不相同。

第一组:在过去式上加-n (注:过去式都是以“o+辅音字母+e”结尾的,但rise除外)
break-broke-broken choose-chose-chosen
forget-forgot-forgotten(双写t) freeze-froze-frozen
wake-woke-woken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen
第二组:在原形上加-n
see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven
take-took-taken draw-drew-drawn grow-grew-grown
know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown blow-blew-blown
show-showed-shown mistake-mistook-mistaken rise-rose-risen
第三组:在原形上加-en
write-wrote-written(双写t) eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen
ride-rode-ridden (双写d) hide-hid-hidden(双写d) be-was/were-been
第四组:符合i-a-u的原则,并且发音规律相同。

begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung
swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk(沉) drink-drank-drunk
第五组:bear-bore-born wear-wore-worn tear-tore-torn(流泪)
第六组:lie-lay-lain(躺) do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown
以上各部分希望同学们认真记,记准,记牢。

三.能和现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时属于现在时的范畴,当然不能和过去的时间状语,如yesterday等连用。

能和现在完成时
连用的有下面几种情况:
1. 和一些在时间上不够确定的时间副词或词组连用。

例如:already、ever、yet、not yet、just、just before 、before 及twice
例句:1) He has already come .
2).I haven’t finished my homework Yet.
3).We have never seen such a strange animal before .
2. 和“for+时间段”或“since+过去的时间点”连用。

例如:1).I have had(买)this book for a week .
2.). They have lived there since 1983/they came to the city.
3. 和从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间状语连用。

例如:today,now ,this morning,this year,these days,in the past/last(过去的)fifty years.
例句:1).I haven’t seen her this morning .
2).What has happened to the forest of the USA in the past 350 years(在过去350年)?
四.has/have gone to & has/have been to &has/have been in/at/on三者的区别
1. has/have gone to表某人已经去了某地了,它包括三种情况:1)在去的途中,2)已经到了目
的地,3)在归途中,总之,主语不在说话的现场。

2. has/have been to表某人曾经去过某地,现在仍在说话地点及其附近。

常与ever, never, just, twice, before连用。

3. has/have been in/at/on表某人在某地呆了多久,表示一种状态,更为重要的是它常和表示一段
时间的状语连用。

如:“for+时间段” 或“since+过去的时间点”
请看下面三个例句:
1).My mother has gone to Beijing. 2).I have been to Japan twice . 3).They have been in China for over 2 years. 五.点动词(又称瞬间动词)不能与一段时间连用及其转化的几种方法:
例如:come go leave begin buy join catch arrive borrow lend die这些点动词不能与一
段时间连用。

(注意:但在否定句中点动词能与一段时间连用。

如:I haven’t received a letter from Jim for a long time.{receive是点动词})
转化的几种方法:
1. 点动词转化为其它延续性动词。

如:I have had a cold since one day ago .(catch是点动词,
转化为延续性动词have,其过去式为had)
2. 点动词转化为“be+名词”。

如:He has been a solider for 3 years.
3. 点动词转化为“be+介词”。

如:He has been in the army for 3 years .
4. 点动词转化为“be+副词”。

如:
Tom has been away (离家)for a few days.
5. 点动词转化为“be +形容词”。

如:
That old man has been dead for several years.
时间段+since+…”。

如:
6. 原句转化为“It’s/It is +
It is 3 years since he joined the army.
时间段+since…”。

如:
7. 原句转化为“It’s been/It has been+
It has been 3 years since he joined the army.
8. 原句转化为含ago的一般过去时。

如:He joined the army three years ago .
六.下列点动词常作如下变化:
come back→be back leave→ be away come home→ be at home
join →be in the … come →be get up→ be up。

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