surrogate model 解释

英文回答：
The proxy model is a mathematical model used to simulate the behaviour ofplex systems. It is designed to simplifyplex systems and make them easier to process. Proxy models are usually built on existing data or empirical knowledge, using mathematics, statistics or machine learning. It can replace the original system for forecasting, optimization or control, thus saving costs and time. Proxy models are widely used in modern science and engineering, for example in aircraft design using proxy models
to simulate aerodynamics and in chemical engineering to optimize production processes.
代理模型是一种数学模型，用于模拟复杂系统的行为。

其设计旨在简
化复杂系统，使其易于处理。

代理模型通常基于已有数据或经验知识，利用数学、统计学或机器学习等方法建立起来。

它可以替代原系统进
行预测、优化或控制，从而节约成本和时间。

代理模型在现代科学和
工程领域有广泛应用，例如在飞行器设计中利用代理模型模拟空气动
力学，在化工工程中利用代理模型优化生产过程。

The proxy model has many advantages. For example, it could simplify the originalplex system and make calculations more efficient. Some systems are inherentlyplex and require
considerableputing resources to analyse and optimize. But proxy models can extract key features and patterns and then solve problems with simple mathematical models, so they can produce results quickly. The proxy model could also supplement the original system data. Some systems may have little or no access to data, which makes analysis difficult. However, proxy models can predict missing data by using available data or empirical knowledge, thus making system—wide analysis moreplete.
代理模型有很多好处。

比如它可以简化原来复杂的系统，让计算变得
更高效。

有些系统本来就很复杂，需要很多计算资源才能分析和优化。

但是代理模型可以把关键的特点和规律提炼出来，然后用简单的数学
模型来解决问题，所以可以很快地得出结果。

代理模型还可以补充原
系统数据的不足。

有些系统可能数据很少或者很难获取，这就给分析
带来了困难。

但是代理模型可以通过已有数据或者经验知识来预测缺
失的数据，从而让整个系统的分析更完整。

In addition to the advantages mentioned earlier, the proxy model faces some challenges and constraints. Establishing proxy models requires a great deal of data and expertise. Inadequate data or high cost of access can affect the accuracy and reliability of proxy models. The proxy model is, to some
extent, an abstraction and simplification of the original system and may ignore important details and non—linear effects of the system. In applying the proxy model, careful consideration must be given to its scope of application and accuracy in order to avoid introducing unforeseen risks.
除了先前提及的优点外，代理模型也面临一些挑战和限制。

建立代理模型需要大量数据和专业知识。

数据不足或获取成本过高会影响代理模型的准确性和可靠性。

代理模型在一定程度上是对原系统的抽象化和简化，可能忽略系统中的重要细节和非线性效应。

在应用代理模型时必须谨慎考虑其适用范围和准确性，以避免引入不可预见的风险。