2019年高考英语一轮巩固达标练题 Unit 1 A land of diversity(含解析)新人教版选修8(含答案).doc

A land of diversity
李仕才
***阅读理解。

Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, there’s no wonder it’s one of China’s most popular tourist destinations.
But even more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, it’s estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures aren’t made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything.
A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.
To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale –equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake –and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures’, lies in dougong–a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are
perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough.
“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (减震器) of a car,”according to Chinese National Geography.
“Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美学方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.”
The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
1. What is the article mainly about?
A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination.
B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes.
C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty.
D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures.
2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to”in Paragraph 4?
A. suffered
B. was controlled by
C. obeyed
D. was affected by
3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary?
A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty.
B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building method
C. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings.
D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture.
4. What is “dougong”according to the text?
A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look.
B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes.
C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together,
D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。

1. B【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Dougong design is an important
earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。

3. D【解析】细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. ”可知，测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。

4. C【解析】细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“dougong–a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是连接中国传统建筑物的一个特殊部件。

***语法填空。

Creativity is a mysterious idea. We seem __1__ (feel) that some people are naturally creative, but we don't know how they got that way. Is creativity a natural gift, or is __2__ something that can __3__ (acquire)? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process __4__ (careful), we might get some insight (洞察力) into what it is and __5__ it might work in our lives. The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts, but we should not think the creativity plays a part only in the arts. Every major scientific discovery began with someone __6__ (imagine) the world differently from the way others saw it. And this is __7__ creativity is all about. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imagination, we all have the potential to imagine the world in __8__ absolutely new way. In fact, you are born __9__ it. And what's more, you use it every day. It's your creative mind __10__ gets meaning from chaos of experiences and brings order to your world.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________
6.________
7.________
8.________
9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。

创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以获得？本文就这一话题展开了讨论。

1．to feel 考查非谓语动词。

我们感觉似乎某些人天生具有创造力。

seem to do sth.“似乎要做某事”。

2．it 考查代词。

创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以习得的？这里用it指代creativity。

3．be acquired 考查被动语态。

先行词something和acquire之间是被动关系，又因为情态动词can后要用动词原形，故此空填be acquired。

4．carefully 考查词性转换。

也许如果我们仔细分析创造的过程，我们就会洞察到什么是创造力，它是如何在我们的生活中起作用的。

这里用副词修饰动词analyze。

5．how 考查特殊疑问词。

此处表述创造力是如何在我们生活中起作用的。

由语义可知填how。

6．imagining 考查with的复合结构。

每次重大的科学发现都以某个人以不同于其他人的方式看待这个世界开始。

此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此空填imagining。

7．what 考查名词性从句的连接词。

创造力就是用一种新的方式想象世界。

空格处引导表语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填连接代词what。

8．an 考查冠词。

我们都有这种潜能，用一种全新的方式想象这个世界。

absolutely的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表泛指。

9．with 考查介词。

事实上，你天生具有创造力。

be born with “生而具有”。

10．that 考查强调句。

正是创造性思维使得你从混乱的经历中找到意义，给你的世界带来秩序。

由强调句基本结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分”可确定答案。

***完形填空。

One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，
Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__.
Like many other parents，mine were hard to __2__ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they'd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees.
In northern Ohio，you don't plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if she'd help us with the “__8__”，and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sisters­in­law went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.
On the __11__ Sunday，we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents' house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.
When Christmas __16__，of course，we couldn't go to our parents' house empty­handed，so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.
1．A.distinctive B．fragrant
C．expensive D．pretty
C．answer D．care
3．A.deserve B．appreciate C．advertise D．imagine 4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 6．A.frighten B．assist C．surprise D．reward 7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 10．A.service B．action C．effect D．production 11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted
C．looked on D．started out
14．A.delighted B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．convinced
15．A.when B．how
C．why D．whether
16．A.came around B．dropped out
C．turned up D．drew in
17．A.generous B．additional
C．double D．special
18．A.even B．just
C．once D．still
19．A.farms B．trees
C．trucks D．yards
20．A.congratulation B．gift
C．donation D．greeting
【解题导语】本文为记叙文，涉及家庭关系话题。

作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。

1．D上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。

distinctive “与众不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。

2．A根据上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文
的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop“购物”。

3．B根据上文的“Dad mentioned he'd always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。

deserve“值得，应得”；appreciate“感激，欣赏”；advertise“为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。

4．C根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。

express“快递”。

5．A参见上题解析。

6．C从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。

assist“帮助，协助”。

7．B根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。

freeze“结冰”符合语境。

soften“变软，软化”。

8．A根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)”。

9．A根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。

in time“及时”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose “故意地”。

10．B根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，随后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。

go into action“行动起来”符合语境。

go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投产”。

11．D根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。

regular“惯常的，有规律的”。

12．B根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。

transport“运输，运送”；transplant“移植”。

13．A根据下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。

pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充为……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……当做……”；start out as“以……开始，起初是……”。

14．D根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。

convinced“确信，坚信”符合语境。

15．C根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。

16．A根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。

come around“再次出现，再度发生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出现”；draw in“(白天变得)渐短”。

17．C根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don't plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。

additional“额外的”。

18．D根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。

19．B参见上题解析。

20．B作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。

上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。

donation“捐赠物”；greeting“问候”。

***短文改错。

Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.
As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good for you. It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.
I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which
①what worries me most is that you are in low spirit
②spirits
when facing failure.
As senior three students, we all had
③have
taken examinations of different
types and experienced failure as well as success. It
④There
is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing
⑤analyze
the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the
similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a＼
⑥progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do
good for
⑦to you. It can give you some time to be refreshing
⑧refreshed
in not only the body
but also the mind so that we
⑨you
can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.
I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work hardly
⑩hard
together and turn our dream into reality.
Yours，
Li Hua
难项分析：
第一处：which→what考查主语从句的连接词。

分析句子结构可知，but 连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从
句，表示“所……的事”，故用what。

第二处：spirit→spirits考查名词的数。

in low spirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。

第四处：It→There考查固定句式。

There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。

***。