英语专业基础英语综合教程1-基英复习资料整理1

Unit 1
Ⅰ. Translation
1.他为这次面试中可能被问到的问题做好了准备。

(confront)
He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.
2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎要哭出声来。

(touch)
His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.
3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。

(hand in hand)
The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.
4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。

(well up)
When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.
5.亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在三年内买一幢新房子。

(look into)
Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.
6.上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。

(in common)
People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.
7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。

（give in to）
He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.
8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。

（lock away）
We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.
9.虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相
帮助。

（part）
Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.
10.在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。

（summon）
At the critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work
out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.Our big old house was touched with the laughter and tears of four generations.
→Our big house had seen the joys and sorrows of four generations of our family.
2.Many sons went away to fight a great evil.
→Many sons left home to fight against the fascists.
3.Take that special hello and lock it away within you.
→Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart.
4.Remembering grandpa’s words, I reached deep within me for those special
feelings that made up our friendship.
→Remembering grandpa’s words, I tried to bring back to my mind the joy and the happiness that I had shared with him.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1.When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the
old home I had ever known. suddenly found himself faced with
2.We seem to have so many ways of saying goodbye and they all have one thing in
common: sadness. share the same characteristic 3.…in that place in your heart where summer is an always time.
summer is an everlasting season
4.Don’t ever get in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word.
let yourself be overcome by
Unit 3
Ⅰ. Translation
1.对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。

（get away）
I’m sorry I’m late, but I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.
2.在音乐会上，歌手唱完每一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。

（appreciation）
At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.
3.她是个穿着时髦的人，对饮食很少讲究。

（stylish）
She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.
4.护士告诉我医生奇迹般地治好了你的心脏病。

The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease.
5.主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类作出了巨大贡献。

When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.
6.这个问题是专家们迷惑不解。

The problem has bothered the experts for many years.
7.警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。

The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.
8.既然准时是个好习惯，我们应该十分注意准时，努力养成这种好习惯。

Since punctuality is such a good habit, we should pay close attention to it and make every effort to cultivate it.
9.老人疼爱那个女孩，就好像她是自己的女儿一样。

The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter.
10.这只是例行的体格检查，没有什么好担心的。

It is just a routine physical checkup. There is nothing to worry about.
Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1. A gracious manner adds priceless panache to your image.
→ A polite, kind, and pleasant manner adds great splendor to your image.
2.I bet the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write.
→I dare say the note my guest sent me didn't take long to write.
3.It melted away most of the irritation you felt.
→The simple phrase "Excuse me" made most of your irritation/annoyance disappear.
4.Punctuality is not a thing of the past.
→Being on time has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; it has not become outdated.
5.You don't take the other person for granted.
→You shouldn't accept the other person's presence without thinking of how much it means to you.
6.Good manners are infectious.
→Good manners can be communicated from one person to another.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1.I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that.
become different from what it should be like 2....never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull
out into traffic.
displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head
move out onto the main road
3.But it can matter very much.
be of great significance
4.Of course, saying "Thank you" does wonders for the person on the receiving end
too.bring unexpectedly good results
who receives the thank-you remark
5.Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you
cherish will go a long way.
produce a far-reaching effect
6.Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them.
Now, how wonderful it would be if we were able to have everyone behave politely towards one another!
Ⅳ. Notes
1.W e can’t be truly stylish without good manners.
→I f we don’t have polite ways of treating other people and behaving in public,
we can’t be truly fashionable and attractive.
2.I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.
→I think of good manners as a way to make people appear more beautiful although it is hardly possible to explain how this happens.
3.…but it ass priceless panache to your image.
→… but a kind, gracious mann er makes you look much more stylish and admirable, contributing invaluably to your image.
4.If you feel like a feel (heel)…
→If you like to know how you would feel when you do write a thank-you note…
5.Show that you don’t take the other person for granted.
→Let the other person know that you take him/her seriously.
Unit 4
Ⅰ. Translation
1.这是为增强我们的竞争能力所做的尝试。

（strengthen）
It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability / competitiveness.
2.这个地区的警察知道那些小偷经常出没于哪些地方。

（hang out）
The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.
3.这些签署的协议将冲破对自由贸易设置的所有障碍。

（break down）
The agreements signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.
4.那是一种非常困难的局势，但他应付得很成功。

（handle）
It was a very difficult situation, but he handled it very successfully.
5.他是我最好的朋友。

既然他需要我的帮助，我可不能对他置之不理。

（turn one’s
back on）
He is my best friend. I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.
6.只要你努力工作，你迟早一定会获得成功，实现自己的抱负。

（sooner or later）
As long as you work hard, you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner or later.
7.虽然他讨厌这工作，但他决心坚持干下去，因为他需要钱来养家。

（stick it out）
Although he hates the job, yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money to support his family.
8.那位癌症病人对疾病始终抱乐观的态度，坚持与疾病作斗争，最后终于战胜
了癌症。

（keep an attitude）
That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease, persisted in combating it, and conquered it in the end.
9.这所大学拥有教职工2000多人，其中包括150名左右教授和500余名副教授。

（have a staff）
This university has a staff of more than 2,000, including about 150 professors and over 500 associate professors.
10.举办这场音乐会是为了纪念这位作曲家逝世75周年。

（mark）
The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.
Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.We were invincible until the word AIDS came into my life.
→David and I felt so young and healthy that we could not believe we would fall victim to (受到…损害) any disease before the word AIDS appeared in my life.
2.We didn't hang out as much.
→We didn't spend as much time together as before.
3.I confronted him as to why we were not friends any more.
→I asked him face to face to explain why we were not friends any more.
4.I couldn't turn my back on him when he needed me the most.
→I couldn't refuse to help him // go away from him when he needed me badly. 5.All the emotions that I had held in came rushing out.
→I was unable to control any more the strong emotions which I had been trying to hold back until this moment.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1.I had no worries and was just living life up.
I had no worries and was just living life up.
2.So I called him and he hung up on me.
ended my telephone call abruptly
3.So I stuck it out and lost most of my friends.
didn't give up, still taking him to be my best friend as before
4.I went to doctor after doctor with him, and saw him go through so much.
experience so much pain and stress 5.I still had to be the strong one and keep everything in.
endure all the pain and sorrow by myself
Ⅳ. Notes
1.…I blew it off. →…I didn’t take it seriously.
2.sick joke →cruel, offensive joke
Unit 5
Ⅰ. Translation
1.那个精神科医生因为在公共场合谈论他的病人而被指控违反了职业道德规范。

(ethics)
That psychiatrist, who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with/accused of violating/breaching/ professional ethics.
2.我们都信任董事长，因为他是个刚正不阿的人。

(integrity)
We all trust the president/chairman of the board of directors for his absolute integrity/,who is a man of absolute integrity.
3.在我们投票支持他之前，我们想知道他的主张。

(stand for)
Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.
4.这笔钱是在被告家里发现的，被告对此不能做出令人满意的解释。

(account
for)
The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.
5.教室的墙上悬挂着一些名言，令人鼓舞，催人奋发。

（hang on）
Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exert themselves.
6.各种各样的商品应有尽有，什么都不短缺。

（in short supply）
All kinds of commodities are available. Nothing is in short supply.
7.看到他是正确的，我只好放弃原来的主张。

（back down）
When I saw that he was right, I had to back down on my original opinion.
8.因为她既聪明又勤奋，所以被任命为销售经理。

（appoint）
She has been appointed sales manager, for she is both clever and diligent.
9.本届政府所面临的最大挑战之一是创造更多的就业机会。

（challenge）
One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government/administration is to create more jobs.
10.我们的战士们猛攻敌人的堡垒，其势如暴风骤雨，没过多久，敌人就投降了。

（succumb）
The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed their stronghold / fortress. Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.Integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not
sell out to expediency.
→Integrity means having one's own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, which one should not give up for immediate personal advantages/gains/benefits.
2.Integrity is in short supply today. →Integrity is rare at present.
3.All instruments and material were accounted for during an operation.
→An explanation was given for how all instruments and material were used and located during an operation.
4.When you are right, you can't back down.
→When you are right, you should insist.
5.Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this facade.
→Unavoidably they will do everything possible to keep their looks and status.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1....and that is not relative to the situation at hand.
that is current
2.And it is something we must demand of ourselves.
make an effort to do something
3.Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure.
Stand firmly for: insist on/ stick to; despite / when faced with
4.Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs.
Always recognize and praise rightly (公正地,正当地) others' achievements
5.So be yourself.
behave in a way that is natural or normal
Ⅳ. Notes
1.Integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not
sell out to expediency.
→Integrity means having one's own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, which one should not give up for immediate personal advantages/gains/benefits.
2.But it is the real bottom line in every area of society.
→But it is the real fundamental thing in every kind of social activity.
3.People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors…
→People who don’t have real fundamental moral principles rely on their looks or statues, anything that is superficial…
4. A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality,
will always win the day.
→If we do what we do because we believe it’s morally right and not just fashionable or expedient, we will go through life successfully.
(…not yielding to/giving in to the lure/temptation of using methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations.)
Unit 6
Ⅰ. Translation
1.她感到为难的是要不要把丈夫得了不治之症的真相告诉他。

（dilemma）
The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.
2.你都三十几岁了还在啃老，难道不觉得羞耻吗？（stigma）
Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you, already in your thirties, still have to depend on your old parents?
3.全世界几乎所有政府都十分关注这个金融问题。

（be concerned about）
Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financial issue.
4.至于英语教学研讨会，我建议在本周末召开。

（with regard to）
With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it (should) be held on the coming weekend.
5.要不要出国进修就完全由你自己决定吧。

（whether or not）
Whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.
6.只要有一颗火星儿就能在充满煤气的房间里引起爆炸。

（lead to）
Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.
7.无论政府作了多少努力，房价几乎没有下降。

（decline）
No matter what efforts the government has made, the price for housing has barely declined.
8.为了通过“托福”考试（TOEFL），他把业余时间的每分每秒几乎全花在学习英
语上了。

（devote…to）
In order to pass TOEFL, he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to English studies.
9.凭借他的表演潜力，那个小伙子有可能成为娱乐界的超级明星。

（potential n.）
With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.
10.人们相信，兄弟姐妹之间的妒忌多见于有钱人家，而不是贫困人家。

（sibling
jealousy）
It is believed that sibling jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one. Ⅱ. Paraphrase
1. A concern that is often heard with regard to single child is whether one child
necessarily means a lonely child.
→As for the issue of single children, people are often concerned about whether an only child is inevitably a lonely child.
2.For some single-child parents with busy careers, the pressures of devoting time
and energy to a second child can seem too overwhelming, resulting in them electing to have no more children.
→Some single-child parents feel they are too busy with their work to spend time and energy on a second child. Consequently they choose to have no more children.
3.The circumstances affecting each set of parents are unique.
→The conditions that affect parents’ decisions concerning child-birth vary from family to family.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1.They have demanding jobs and limited time and financial resources.
Jobs needing a lot of attention or efforts
2. A concern that is often heard with regard to single child is whether one child
necessarily means a lonely child.
concerning // as for // in connection of // on the subject of // with respect to
3.Many single-child parents feel a stigma associated with their decision to have only
one child.
a sense of shame / sign of shame ; feeling of being ashamed
4.respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships
willingness of each person to satisfy others’ wishes
5.With just one child there is no potential for family arguments arising from
favoritism or sibling jealousy.
the feeling of wanting to get what his or her brothers or sisters have
Ⅳ. Notes
1.the pros and cons of having a second child
→the advantages and disadvantages of having one more child
2.…this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times…
→...such a situation will probably result in the child having a sense of loneliness from time to time
3.respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships
→realize the importance of cooperation and mutual understanding between themselves and other people in various situations
4.favoritism or sibling jealousy
→parents’ unequal treatment of their children or the competition between brothers or sisters for their parents attention or love
Unit 7
Ⅰ.Translation
1.我爬上峭壁，以便饱览大海的景色。

（scramble）
I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.
2.他向窃贼猛扑过去，为夺取武器与之搏斗。

（lunge）
He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.
3.我认为我国国民经济将继续快速增长。

（figure）
I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.
4.董事长力图让股东们放心，公司业绩不佳的情况不会再发生。

（reassure）
The chairman of the board of directors made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad results would not be repeated.
5.别像个孩子似的，要控制住你自己！（pull oneself together）
Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!
6.他是个非常隐秘的人，从不向任何人透露自己的秘密。

（confide in）
Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.
7.我们憎恨恐怖分子对普通人不加区别的施暴行为。

（indiscriminate）
We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.
8.这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的急剧增加感到惊慌。

（alarm）
Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.
9.我们预料敌人可能设法过河，所以我们把桥摧毁了。

（anticipate）
We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed the bridge. (…, so we destroyed the bridge // pulled down the bridge.)
10.我十分感激那些为使聚会取得圆满成功而不辞辛劳的人们。

（be indebted to）
I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success
//successful.
Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.I reassured her that we were going to make it.
→I convinced her that we would fly through the thunderclouds successfully.
2.After this, London’s going to seem like small potatoes.
→After experiencing such an incident, the girl’s visit to London would seem much less exciting in comparison.
3.The female equivalent of the confident businessman must have seen how scared I
was.
→The young woman, who was as confident as that businessman, must have noticed my fear.
4.The young woman, who was as confident as that businessman, must have noticed
my fear.
→The young businessman was sorry that he had not got a chance to buy his two little girls a present.
5.I am indebted to my fellow passengers.
→I am very grateful to my fellow passengers.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1.I am indebted to my fellow passengers and wish I could pay them back.
am very grateful to do something nice in return
2.The flight attendants, already strapped in, waved wildly for me to sit down.
having the seat belt fastened
3.She was supposed to make a connecting flight when we landed in Newark.
catch another flight to continue the journey
4.When he was done, the voice of a flight attendant came on
he had completed his task
5.I pulled myself together.
controlled my feelings and began behaving calmly again.
Ⅳ. Notes
1.always figuring that if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets
→…always thinking that if that moment should finally come when we needed to put on life jackets
2.I’d have a couple of broken fingers from all the TLC.
→I would have one or two fingers broken because of the lady’s tender but rather firm, loving squeeze.
Unit 8
Ⅰ.Translation
1.圣诞节期间，大家都很开心，互相拜访，互赠贺卡和礼物。

（enjoy）
At Christmas, people enjoy themselves very much; they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.
2.她的卧室和起居室墙上贴满了流行歌星和电影明星的照片。

（decorate）
The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.
3.索菲亚委婉地取笑汤姆那顶新帽子，而汤姆则不顾情面地就她的卷发戏弄了
她一番。

（tease sb. about）
Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.
4.他取得了非凡的成就，超过了为自己确定的目标。

（surpass）
He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.
5.他痛哭不止，我设法让他不要过度悲伤。

（give way to）
He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.
6.我想当然地认为你想看这出戏，所以给你买了一张票。

（take for granted）
I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.
7.他们已经把这些问题降到优先考虑事项表上靠后的位置了。

（relegate）
They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.
8.我将通过唐娜的律师把这封信寄给她。

（address）
I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.
9.我告诉她那个消息时，不知为什么喉咙哽咽起来。

（a lump in one’s throat）
I don’t know why telling her the news put a lump in my throat.
10.水手们白天用信号旗发信号，夜间则用信号灯发信号。

（signal）
Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.
Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.My first recollection of the magic he could bring to Valentine's Day came when I
was six.
→My first memory of the joy Dad brought to me on Valentine's Day goes back to the year when I was six.
2.He didn’t truly shine until Valentine’s Day.
→He was more loving and affectionate on Valentine’s Day than on any other holiday. // The festival that really delighted him was Valentine’s Day.
3.That box and its contents ushered in a succession of bittersweet memories
→That box and its contents led to a series of memories which were a mixture of the sweet ones and the bitter ones.
4.As I grew older, the gifts gave way to heart-shaped boxes.
→As I was getting older, the gifts were gradually replaced by heart-shaped boxes. Ⅲ. Explanation
1.Over the years I fondly thought of him as my “Valentine Man.”
regarded my father as
2.That box and its contents ushered in a succession of bittersweet memories of my
entrance into a world...
brought back to mind a series of both happy and unhappy memories
3.It was the kind of card that put a lump in your throat and tears in your eyes...
aroused your strong emotion and made you cry...
4.In those years my thank-yous became more of a perfunctory response.
to a greater degree
→In those years I responded to my father‘s gifts by saying “Thank you” almost without much thought or care.
Ⅳ. Notes
1.…he never let it show.
→...he never revealed his feelings
2.with a generosity of spirit
→behaving generously towards other people
Unit 9
Ⅰ.Translation
1.这座山峰耸立在群山之上，从山峰上可以看到一片美丽的景色。

(peak)
Towering above all others, this mountain peak commands a fine view.
2.我请朋友们推荐一位擅长给儿童看病的医生。

（recommend）
I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.
3.孩子们悬吊在树上的一根绳子上荡秋千。

(swing)
The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree.
4.他竭尽全力试图去救那个溺水的男孩，但没能成功(in vain)
He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain.
5.政府下决心无论如何也要避免食品价格上涨。

(at all costs)
The government is determined to avoid a sharp/dramatic rise in food prices at all costs.
6.那个老夫人总是喜欢管别人的事情。

（interfere in）
That old woman is always / constantly interfering in other people’s affairs.
7.发表了几篇有影响的论文以后，他在学术界颇有名气。

（distinguished）
After having several influential papers published, he became quite distinguished in the academic world.
8.那个地区污染严重，村民们几乎找不到适合饮用的水。

（fit a.）
The pollution is so serious in this area that villagers can hardly find water fit for drinking.
9.我把可能需要的东西都塞进手提箱。

(pack)
I packed my suitcase with all the things that might be needed.
10.我们中国人往往把春节与家人团聚联系起来。

（associate with）
We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.
Ⅱ.Paraphrase
1.The young star-struck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreams.
→Young teenagers who are preoccupied with a dream of being movie stars could realize it, if they are a bit lucky.
2.They were held on a tight rein by the studio chiefs who could make or break all
but the stars with really big appeal.
→The fate of the stars was entirely in the hands of the studio chiefs // they were firmly controlled by the studio chiefs who had the absolute power to create or ruin a star except those who really attracted the audience // having great popularity among audiences.
3.Stars were often typecast.
→Stars were nearly always made to play the same type of role.
4.Hollywood is no longer the heart of the wor ld’s motion picture industry.
→Hollywood is not the center of the world’s movie producing industry any longer.
Ⅲ. Explanation
1. A few of them were left with nothing but emptiness and colossal debts.
ended up with
2.Hollywood’s fame and fortune reached its peak in the 1930s and 1940s.
was at its best; was most successful
3.Most of the famous motion picture corporations of those days are still very much
in business. are still operating very much 4.Most of them hoped in vain.
failed to realize their dreams/hopes
5.…who could make or break all but the stars with really big appeal.
having great popularity among the audiences 6.Many studio chiefs were tyrants, determined to get their own way at all costs.
do what they wanted to do, regardless of all the dissatisfaction and opposition from others (no matter how unfair, dishonest, immoral the ways are).
Ⅳ. Notes
1.They were held on a tight rein.
→They were firmly controlled.
2.get their own way
→do what they want to, even though sb. else wants sth. different。