2014年大学三级(A)考试试题及答案解析(二十四)

大学三级(A)考试试题及答案解析(二十四)
一、Listening Comprehensionm（Section A ）（共5小题,共5.0分）Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
第1题
A 8.
B 7.
C 5.
D 9.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
M: How long can I play on the playground?
W: Well. it opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 5:00 in the afternoon. Q: How many hours can the man stay there?
[解析] 题目询问男士能在运动场待多长时间。

上午9点到下午5点共8个小时，所以选A(8小时)。

[避错指南] 这类计算时间的题要听清楚起止时间，特别要分清上下午。

对于本题来说，还有一个难点是要听清问题的内容。

选项B(7)这一数字在对话中没有
出现，比较容易排除，选项C(5)和选项D(9)有一定的干扰性，因为这两个数字分别与对话中提到的运动场开放和关闭的时间相同，但是如果能听清楚问题也不难排除。

第2题
A She didn't want to watch TV.
B She wanted to go to bed.
C She wanted to listen to the radio.
D Her study was disturbe
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
W: Could you please turn down your TV a little?
M: Sorry! Are you still preparing for the final exam?
Q: Why did the woman ask the man to turn down the TV?
[解析] 此题属于推理题。

题目询问女士为何请求男士把电视声音关小点。

对话中男士问女士是否还在为期末考试做准备，由此可知选项D(她的学习受到干扰)为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(她不想看电视)、这项B(她想睡觉)和选项C(她想听收音机)这几个原因对话中都没有提到，因此不是女士要求把电视机声音关小的原因。

第3题
A A car.
B A cow.
C A book.
D A tabl
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
M: Where is that book about cars? I laid it down on the table.
W: I don't know. I did some cleaning and don't remember where I put it. Q: What is the man looking for?
[解析] 题目询问男士在寻找什么。

男士说“Where is that book about ears?”(我那本关于汽车的书在哪里?)，因此他找的是书，而不是其他的，因此选项C(书)为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项：A(汽车)只是书的内容；选项B(奶牛)与对话中cars发音相
似，属于近音干扰；对话中男士说把书放在了桌子上，因此选项D(桌子)也不正确。

第4题
A Ask for a three-day leave.
B Go out with his friend.
C Watch films at home.
D Go to visit Bo
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
W: So, you have three days off. What are you going to do?
M: Well. I probably will rent some movies with my friend Bob.
Q: What will the man probably do?
[解析] 题目询问男士可能会怎么做。

男士说“… rent some movies with my friend Bob.”(我可能会和我朋友鲍勃租几部电影)，由此可推知男子可能会在家看电影，所以选项C(在家看电影)为正确答案。

[避错指南] 从女士的话中可以知道三天的假期是已经确定的，所以选项A(请三天假)不符合题目询问的内容。

此外对话中男士提到要和朋友一起去租几部电影看，而不是出去一起玩，所以排除选项B(和朋友出去玩)和选项D(去看鲍勃)。

第5题
A She is wandering.
B She is thinking.
C The man should wash the clothes.
D She has already washed the clothes.
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
M: Why don't you wash the clothes?
W: Why don't I wash? I am wondering the same thing about you.
Q: What does the woman mean?
[解析] 题目询问女士的话是什么意思。

对话中男士问女士“你为什么不洗衣服?”，女士反问男士“我为何不洗衣服?我正想问你呢。

”，由此可知两人都认为对方该洗衣服，所以女士的意思是选项 C(男士应该洗衣服)。

[避错指南] 因为对话中没有提到选项D(她洗过衣服了)的内容，因此比较容易排除。

如果注意到wonder (想知道)和wander(徘徊)是两个音近词，但是意义不同的话就不难排除选项大夫A(她在徘徊)。

选项B(她在思考问题)只是女士所说的字面意思，而不是真正含义。

解答此题的关键是要听明白女士的言外之意。

二、Listening Comprehensionm(Section B) （共5小题,共5.0分）Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation , there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
第1题
A 10.
B 9.
C 12.
D 8.
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文] 6-7
W: When did you become interested in collecting stamps?
M: (6) Oh, when I was about ten years old.
W: Ten years old? So you have loved it for 9 years.
M: Yeah. it's really an exciting hobby. You know. the first postage stamps were issued in Britain in 1840.
W: Really? I didn't know that. What's on the first postage stamps? M: Well, look, here's a picture of the first two stamps issued.
W: (7) Oh, they both bear a picture of Queen Victoria, don't they?
M: Yes, I wish I had the originals, then I would be a wealthy man instead of a poor stamp collector.
W: But I believe collecting stamps gives you much pleasure which not all wealthy men can enjoy.
M: Yes. I do agree.
6.How old was the man when he became interested in collecting stamps?
[解析] 题目询问男士多大时开始对集邮感兴趣。

对话刚开始便一问一答给出此题的答案，第二句“...when I was about ten years old”即得出答案为选项A(10)。

[避错指南] 选项B(9)具有迷惑性是因为对话中有“9 years”一词，但这是指男十的集邮爱好有9年的历史了，并非指9岁开始集邮。

选项C和选项D文中均未提及。

第2题
A A picture of Britain.
B A picture of the queen's palace.
C A picture of the Rowland Hill.
D A picture of Queen Victori
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
What is on the first postage stamps?
[解析] 题目询问第一批邮票的画面内容是什么。

对话中男士给女士介绍第一批邮票的情况并给她出示图片，女士认出是维多利亚女王的画像，所以选项D(维多利亚女王的画像)为正确答案。

[避错指南] 根据对话内容，“Britain”其实是第一批邮票发行的国家，而不是邮票上图案的内容，故选项 A(英国的图画)为错误选项。

选B(女王宫殿的图画)和选项C(罗兰·希尔的画像)。

对话中都未提及，故均可排除。

第3题
A In a newspaper.
B From a friend.
C On TV.
D In a magazin
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文] 8-10
M: Nice to see you. I've come for a job interview.
W: Oh, yes. How did you find out about the job?
M: (8) I read your advertisement in the newspaper yesterday. So here I am.
W: Good. (9) Do you know about computers?
M: Yes (9/10) I studied computer science in the university and later I worked in a computer company for a few years.
W: Then what makes you think to come to this place?
M: Well, I hope to find a better place for further development.
W: Good. Please fill in this form. We'll inform you very soon.
M: Thanks for your consideration.
W: That's OK.
8.How did the man find out about the job?
[解析] 题目询问男士如何发现这份工作的。

对话中男士说“I read your advertisement in the newspaper yesterday.”(我看了昨天报纸上的广告)，说明男士是通过报纸发现这份工作的，所以答案为选项A。

[避错指南] 文中未出现“friend”，“TV”和“magazine”等字眼，所以选项B(通过朋友)，选项C(通过电视)和选项D(通过杂志)都不是男士发现这份工作的途径。

第4题
A Knowledge of English.
B Communication skill.
C Creativity.
D Knowledge about computer.
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
What qualification is probably required by the company?
[解析] 题目询问公司可能要求什么条件。

对话中女士询问男士是否懂计算机，男士说学习过并有工作经验，可推出计算机知识可能是应聘的条件之一，所以选项D(计算机知识)为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(英语知识)，选项B(交流技能)和选项C(创造力)这三种技能对话中均未提及，因此不符合题意。

第5题
A He applies for this job to earn more money.
B He majored in computer in the university.
C He knows little about computer.
D He has just graduated from a university.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[听力原文]
Which of the following statements is true?
[解析] 此题目询问下面哪项叙述是正确的。

文中男士说到自己从大学时就开始学计算机，只要听清原文就能知道选项B(他在大学里学的是计算机专业)是正确答案。

[避错指南] 文中女士男士为何来面试，男士说想找一个更好的岗位以便进一步提高自己，可知选项 A(他申请这份工作是为了挣更多的钱)错误；男士说自己从大学时就开始学计算机，之后在一个电脑公司工作了几年，可知选项C(他几乎
不懂电脑)和选项D(他刚大学毕业)与对话内容不符，应排除。

三、Structure（Section A ）（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。

Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A , B, C and D. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. ）
第1题
______such work before, she asked advice,from many experienced workers and planned everything carefully.
A Having never done
B Having been done
C Having done
D Never having done
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 现在分词用法
[句意] 由于此前从未做过这种工作，她请教了很多有经验的工人，并做了缜密的计划。

[解析] 现在分词作状语表示原因。

因为现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，所以用完成式；又因为表示的是否定的意思，所以选择现在分词完成式的否定结构。

[避错指导] 现在分词的否定结构是将否定词放在现在分词之前，所以Having never done不对；Having been done为现在分词完成式的被动形式，本题中分词与其逻辑土语之间并没有被动关系；Having done为现在分词的完成式。

第2题
His office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world______.
A that he works
B which he works
C he works in
D he works
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 定语从句
[句意] 他的办公室位于纽约市市中心的一座摩天大楼的第四十层上，那个办公室就是他的工作天地。

[解析] 此处定语从句的谓语动词works为不及物动词，先行词为表示地点的the world，因此如果由关系代词that或which来引导这个定语从句，则works后面要接介词in。

此处也可改成由关系副词或“介词+which"来引导定语从句：where he works或in which he works。

[避错指导] that he works和which he works都缺少可以引起状语的介词；he works前面省略了关系代词，后面也缺少可以引起状语的介词。

第3题
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things ______ to teach you the art of learning.
A than
B rather than
C nor
D as
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 形容词的原级
[句意] 学校教育的重要作用不在于教你什么东西，而在于教你学习的方法。

[解析] 形容词原级可使用as．．．as结构，在否定结构中常用so…as来代替as…as.
[避错指导] than，rather than，not不能替换so…as结构中的连词as。

第4题
My father believes that interest, as well as prospects,______. important when one looks for a job.
A is
B was
C are
D were
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 主谓一致
[句意] 我父亲认为，在一个人找工作的时候，前景很重要，兴趣也很重要。

[解析] 当主语中含有由with，together with，like，except，but，加less than，as well as等词或词组构成的短语时，谓语动词与该短语前面的主语部分一致。

例如：The teacher together with some students is
visiting the factory．(教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

)本题中空格处为that 引导的宾语从句的谓语，其主语是interest，因此谓语应当用单数形式。

[避错指导] was和were表示的时态与本题不符；are与表示复数的主语一起使用。

第5题
I wish that all of us ______ with my brother when he flies to the United States next week.
A had gone
B could go
C will go
D are going
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 虚拟语气
[句意] 我哥哥下周乘机去美国，我真希望我们都能跟着去。

[解析] wish后面that引导的宾语从句指将来情况时，如使用虚拟语气，则表示此愿望实现的可能性很小，从句谓语动词通常用would／could+动词原形的形式。

有时，这种句型还可以用来表示一种客气的请求，例如：I wish that you wouldn't smoke any more．(希望你别再抽烟。

)；I wish you would stay with me for a while．(我希望你能和我在一起待一段时间。

)
[避错指导] had gone和are going在时态上都不符；Will go在这种情况下很少用在wish后面的宾浯从句中，但可以用在同样表示“希望"的hope后面的宾语从句中，试比较：I hope she will be on time，(陈述语气)I wish she would be on time．(虚拟语气)。

第6题
Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, ______ to arrive on the evening flight.
A are
B are going
C is
D will be
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 主谓一致
[句意] 史密斯先生，以及他的妻子和两个儿子，将乘晚间的航班抵达。

[解析] 当主语中含有由with，together with，like，except，but，no less than，as well as等词或词织构成的短语时，谓语动词与该短语前面的主语部分一致，所以本题中谓语应该与Dr，Smith保持一致。

[避错指导] are和are going都要求主语为复数；will be后面一般不接不定式。

第7题
The gray building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts______.
A are produced
B are producing
C produced
D being produced
【正确答案】：A
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 被动语态
[句意] 灰色的高楼是工人们住的地方，白色的那座是生产零件的厂房。

[解析] 本题中where引导的主语为the spate parts的表语从句，谓语动词同该主语的关系应为被动关系，所以用被动语态。

[避错指导] are producing为现在进行时形式，produced为一般过去时形式，二者都不表示被动；being produced是现在分词的被动形式，表语从句中缺少谓语，所以不选。

第8题
In our company, everybody is well taken care of. ______ position he is in.
A. as long as
B. even if
C. now that
D. no matter what
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析] 本题考查让步状语从句。

“no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句，表示“不论，不管……”，符合句子的意思，故选项D为正确答案。

[避错指南] A项“as long as”(只要)；B项“even if”(即使)和C项“now that”(既然)不能引导让步状语从句，并且意思与句意不合，故均排除。

第9题
Her hair and coat were wet because it______.
A. would be raining
B. had been raining
C. would have been raining
D. had rained
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析] 本题考查原因状语从句的时态。

主句的时态是一般过去时，从句用过去完成进行时，表示的是过去某段时间内持续发生的动作和状态，选项B符合语法和句子的意思，故为正确答案。

[避错指南] A项和C项动词的时态都表示过去将来，与were wet的事实不能对应；D项表示过去完成时，未能强调动作的持续，故应排除。

第10题
We have produced twice as much steel this year ______ 4 years ago.
A. than we did
B. as did
C. than we have produced
D. as we have produced
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析] 本题考查的是比较句的用法。

如果句中出现形容词或副词的比较级，后面与之对应的是than；如果句中出现的是as和形容词或副词的原形，后面一定有另一个as与之对应，并且，后面从句的时间状语是表示过去的，所以动词用一般过去时，故选项B为正确答案。

[避错指南] A项和C项都只能与形容词或副词比较级搭配，而不能与as much 搭配。

D项中的动词时态不适用于“…4 years ago”这个时间状语，故排除。

四、Structure（Section B ）（本大题10小题．每题1.0分，共10.0分。

Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. ）
第1题 Maggie has no doubt that her skirt is as pretty as, if not (pretty) ______ than, her younger sister's.
【正确答案】：
答案:prettier
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 形容词的比较级
[句意] 麦琪确信，她的裙子如果不是比她妹妹的裙子更漂亮，也是同样漂亮。

[解析] 本题是“麦琪的裙子”与“她妹妹的裙子”两者相比较，又因为此处空格后有than，所以应该用其比较级形式，
第2题 Some workers are full of (complain) ______ about their food and working conditions.
【正确答案】：
答案:complaints
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 词形转换
[句意] 有些工人对他们的伙食和丁作条件满是抱怨。

[解析] 此处空格为full of(充满了…)的宾语，所以应该用其名词的复数形式。

第3题 All the villagers started off to search for the (miss)______ boy after they received the call from the parents.
【正确答案】：
答案:missing
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 词形转换
[句意] 收到失踪男孩家长打来的电话之后，所有的村民都开始寻找这个男孩。

[解析] 此处空格为boy的定语，其现在分词missing已经成了形容词，表示“不见的、缺少的”意思，所以应该用其形容词形式。

第4题 He asked whether he (have)______to do the whole experiment again if he failed in a single test.
【正确答案】：
答案:Would have
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 动词时态
[句意] 他问是不是一次测试不及格就得重做整个实验。

[解析] 根据时态呼应原则，asked为一般过去时，其后的宾语从句时态要用过去时态；又因为whether引导的宾语从句本身又是一个主从复合句，从句为if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用将来时态，所以此处空格应该用过去将来时。

第5题 Any student who neglects his homework is (like)______to pass the final examination.
【正确答案】：
答案:unlikely
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 形容词用法，
[句意] 任何一个不重视作业的学生都不太可能通过期末考试.
[解析] 此处为be likely／unlikely to do词组；又因为此处为否定意思，所以应该用其表示否定意思的形容词形式。

第6题 As far as I (concern)______,whether we will have vegetables or meat for dinner is not soimportant.
【正确答案】：
答案:Am concerned
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 动词用法
[句意] 就我而言，我们正餐吃蔬菜还是吃肉类并没有这么重要。

[解析] 此处空格为固定用法，用被动语态，又因为后面句子是一般现在时，所以应该用其一般现在时的被动语态。

第7题 I didn't go to the concert in that big hall last night, but I do wish I (be)______there.
【正确答案】：
答案:had been
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 虚拟语气
[句意] 我昨晚没去那个大厅听音乐会，但我真希望我去了。

[解析] 此处空格所在句子为wish的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的情况，有些懊悔的意思，是虚拟语气，所以应该用其过去完成时。

第8题 He was very angry at what I said but I really didn't mean (hurt)______him.
【正确答案】：
答案:to hurt
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 动词不定式
[句意] 我的话让他很生气，但我真的不是有意要伤害他。

[解析] 此处空格为mean的补足语，mean to do sth．表示打算、想做什么”，所以应该用具不定式形式。

第9题 Not (receive)______a reply from the manager, he decided to write to him again.
【正确答案】：
答案:having received
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[考查点] 现在分词用法
[句意] 投有收到经理的回复，他决定再给经理写一封。

[解析] 空格所在的短语做状语，空格的动作发出者为后面的he，又因为动作发生在decided之前，因此用现在分词的完成形式。

第10题 She loves parties so much that she is always the last (leave)______.
【正确答案】：
答案:to leave
[本题分数]： 1.0 分
【答案解析】
[解析] 本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。

英语中由only, last, next等序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。

本题中的the last其实省略了one，因此其后需要使用不定式作后置定语，故答案是 to leave。

[答题指南] 需要使用不定正式作定语的名词还有：attempt, ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, failure, need, opportunity, plan, promise，time和way等。

五、Reading Comprehension（共10小题,共10.0分）Directions: After rending the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
第1题
It is clear that some people who participate in exercise training will develop injuries to their bones, muscles, and joints (关节). Despite unfounded reports in the mass media of extremely high injury rates among adult exercisers, there have been few good studies of exercise injuries in populations. One of the difficulties in performing such studies has been the need to identify both the number of cases and the number of people at risk for injury. In other words, it is difficult to know the number of individuals injured and the total number of individuals exercising in the population. But these two figures are necessary in order to calculate (统计) true injury rates Normally, injury is defined as an accident that causes a person to stop exercising for al least one week. The best available studies on injury rates show that about 25 to 30 percent of adult runners become "injured" (based on the above definition) over the course of a year. More serious injuries include those for which the injured person seeks medical care. If only they are considered, injury rates are much lower, perhaps in the range of 1 percent per year.
Little is known about the causes of exercise injuries. One factor that has been linked to injury is the amount of exercise; for example, individuals who run more miles are likelier to be injured than those who run fewer miles. Factors such as age, sex, body type, and experience have not been shown to be associated with risk of injury. It seems logical that structural abnormalities, sudden increases in training intensity, and types of equipment used are likely to be related to injury risk. However, data to support these opinions are not available.
What is the writer's attitude towards high injury rates among abult exercisers reported by the mass media?
A Positive.
B Indifferent.
C Negative.
D Reserve
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
细节理解题。

本题询问的是作者对大众传媒中报道的成年锻炼者的高受伤率持什么样的态度。

根据文章第一段的第二句可知，作者认为大众传媒中对成年锻炼者高受伤率的报道是无根据的，也就是说作者并不相信成年锻炼者的受伤率有传媒报道的那么高。

因此选项C(否定的)符合文意，为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(积极的)，选项B(漠不关心的)与选项D(有所保留的)均不符
合文意，故可以排除。

解答此题的关键是第一段第二句中的unfounded(无根据的)一词。

掌握了该词的意思，这道题就可迎刃而解。

第2题
The true injury rates are obtained from ______.
A the average number of injuries for each individual
B the amount of exercises for each individual
C the numbers of the injured and all individuals in training
D the numbers of people doing exercises and those stopped exercises for one week
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节题。

本题询问的是真实的受伤率是如何获得的。

根据文章第一段第三句、第四句和第五句可知，掌握受伤者的数量和进行锻炼者的总数对于计算真实的受伤率是必要的。

因此，选项C(受伤的人数和所有进行锻炼的人数)符合文意，为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(每名锻炼者平均的受伤量)与选项B(每名锻炼者的锻炼量)均没有在文章中提及，可以先排除。

选项D(进行锻炼的人数和停止锻炼至少一个星期的人数比较具有迷惑性。

显然文中出现“一般说来，导致人们停止锻炼至少一星期的意外事故，被称为损伤”，但是除此以外，还有比这更为严重的受伤，一星期不能进行锻炼只是损伤的一种情况，用此数据来进行统计则过于片面，因此可予以排除。

第3题
Which of the following is NOT shown as the factor for causing exercise injuries?
A The amount of exercise.
B The age, sex and body type.
C Structural abnormalities.
D Tile sudden increases in training intensity.
【正确答案】：B
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
事实细节题。

本题询问的是以下哪项不是导致锻炼受伤的因素。

根据文章第二段的第三句“没有证据显示年龄、性别、体型和经历等因素与受伤风险相关”可知选项B(年龄、性别和体型)不是导致受伤的因素，符合题目要求，为正确答案。

[避错指南] 根据文章第二段的第二句和第四句可知选项A(缎炼量)、选项C(结构异常)与选项D(突然增加锻炼强度)都可能锻炼损伤有关，因此不符合题意。

第4题
The factors that are in relation to exercises injuries ______.
A have been obtained from many good studies
B have been confirmed by many data
C cannot confirm the risk of equipment types
D can be proved easily by the data through calculation
【正确答案】：C
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
推理判断题。

本题询问的是与锻炼损伤相关的因素是什么。

根据文章的最后一段内容常可知，结构异常、突然增加锻炼强度以及使用的器材类型都可能是导致受伤的因素；但是目前尚无数据支持该观点。

据此可以推断出有些与锻炼损伤相关的因素还没有得到证实。

因此选项C(不能证实器材类型的风险)符合文意，为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(来自许多真正的研究)与文中所述节实“……真正关于人群中因炼而造成损伤的研究却寥寥无几”不符；选项B(已经被许多数据所证实)虽未在文中提及，但根据文章内容可以判断其是错误的；选项 D(可以通过计算出的数据轻易得到证实)不符合文中“进行研究的困难之一是：必须既掌握案例的数量，又掌握有可能受伤者的数量……但是这两个数据对于计算真实的受伤率是必要的”一句不符。

第5题
The passage is mainly about ______.
A the high injury rates for those doing exercises
B the ways to avoid exercise injuries
C the evidences for the seriousness of exercise injuries
D the studies about injury rates and causes for injuries
【正确答案】：D
【本题分数】：1.0分
【答案解析】
主旨大意题。

本题询问的是本文主要讲述的是什么。

文章第一段叙述了锻炼损伤的真正研究寥寥无几，进行研究的困难以及根据目前最可信的关于锻炼损伤的研究，受伤率为多少。

概括说来，这一段主要讲的是对锻炼受伤率的研究。

文章第二段叙述了可能导致锻炼损伤的因素。

因此，选项D(对受伤率的研究及导致受伤的原因)符合文意，为正确答案。

[避错指南] 选项A(锻炼者的高受伤率)只是文章内容的一小部分。

选项B(避免锻炼受伤的途径)及选项C(说明锻炼受伤严重性的证据)均只在文中提及，不属于文章的主要内容，故都可以排除。

第6题
Some people argue that self-plagiarism(自我剽窃) is impossible by definition because plagiarism is theft and people cannot steal from their own work. But, this is not correct in law. And there are circumstances, such as insurance fraud(保险欺诈), etc, when it is possible to steal from oneself.
Self-plagiarism, however, must be carefully distinguished from the recycling of one's work that to a greater or lesser extent everyone legally does. Self-plagiarism in academic (学术的) publications is a gray area. However, many universities indirectly recognize the practice as deceptive. They publish rules preventing students from handing in basically the same essay for credit in different courses. There are also rules against someone handing in the same graduate thesis to different universities. Among established academics, self-plagiarism is a problem. It means basically the same article or book is handed in on more than one occasion for salary raising or promotion.
Like all plagiarism the essence of self-plagiarism is the author attempts to cheat the reader. This happens when no indication is given that the work is being recycled or when an effort is made to disguise the original text. For example, an author just makes cosmetic changes to make the same article, chapter, or book look different. But actually it remains unchanged in its central argument. In this case, disguising a text occurs. Authors change such things as paragraph breaks, capitalization, or the substitution of technical terms in different languages. What he has done is to make readers believe they are reading something completely new. This practice is self-plagiarism.
In the second sentence of the first paragraph, "this" refers to______.
A all the activities about plagiarism
B the activities of self-plagiarism。