2020年北京市西城区高三二模英语试题（解析版）

2020年北京市西城区高三二模英语试题（解析版）
2020西城区高三模拟测试（二）
英语试题
本试卷共11页，120分。

考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

During a trip to New York City, Alabama woman Mary Anderson ___1___ (notice) a trolley driver couldn’t see well when it was snowing. At that point, drivers had to open the window ___2___ (clear) it, letting snow and rain into the vehicle. As a solution, Anderson designed and patented wood and rubber arms ___3___ would push rain and snow off the window at the pull of a lever (控制杆). But she was told her ___4___ (invent) was distracting and impractical, and she never profited from her design.
【答案】1. noticed
2. to clear
3. that/which
4. invention
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

该段落主要描写了Mary Anderson发明汽车挡风玻璃雨刮器，但被认为是不切实际的发明。

【1题详解】
考查时态。

句意：在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在·在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在在。

根据前一句“During a trip to New York City,在去纽约的路上…”可知notice这个动作是过去发生的，要使用一般过去时。

故填noticed。

【2题详解】
考查不定式。

句意：就在那时，司机不得不打开窗户去清理它。

根据句意可知，打开窗户的目的是“清理”，即使用不定式做目的状语。

故填to clear。

【3题详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：作为解决方法，Anderson设计了一个木质的橡胶手臂并申请专利，
这个手臂可以通过控制杆将车窗上的雨和雪推掉。

该句为定语从句，先行词为wood and
rubber arms，并在从句中做主语，应由关系代词that\which引导。

故填that\which.
【4题详解】
考查名词。

句意：但是她被告知她的发明会分散司机注意力，不切实际。

本题中invite前为
形容词性物主代词her，其后要接名词，所以将invent变为invention。

故填invention。

B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出
提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

的The red-crowned crane (鹤) is one of the ___5___ (large) cranes in the world, standing at about
150cm tall. Its feathers are as white as snow, except for some black ones on its face, neck and wings.
Its unique feature, from which it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head. The
red-crowned crane ___6___ (find) in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (半
岛). In China, it spends the warmer months in the rivers and wetlands in the north-east. ___7___ the
weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China. The red-crowned crane is a symbol of long life
and good luck in Chinese culture.
【答案】5. largest
6. is found/has been found
7. When/As
【解析】
本文是说明文。

介绍了丹顶鹤的外观，栖息地和象征意义。

【5题详解】
考查最高级。

此处是one of句型，表示“最……之一”，其中形容词用最高级。

故填largest。

【6题详解】
考查被动语态。

句中主语The red-crowned crane是单数，和动词find是被动关系。

此处表示
丹顶鹤在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本和朝鲜半岛被发现，既可表示过去发生的事，也可以指
到现在为止在这些地方被发现，用现在完成时。

故填is found/has been found。

【7题详解】
考查连词。

句意：当天气变冷时，它迁移到中国的中东部。

此处表示“当……时候”，引导
时间状语从句，故填When/As。

C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Nearly two decades have passed since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), ___8___ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging ___9___ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites
____10____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
【答案】8. forming
9. services
10. launched
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。

在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。

文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。

【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。

分析句子结构，form与其逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。

故填forming。

【9题详解】
考查名词的数。

句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、定时和短信服务。

service为可数名词，根据上文positioning, navigation, timing and messaging可知此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。

故填services。

【10题详解】
考查with复合结构。

句意：2019年12月16日，北斗系统又发射了两颗北斗卫星，现有53颗在轨卫星。

这里是with复合结构，因
为“北斗卫星”和“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用with + n + 过去分词结构，所以填launched。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

My Boxing Experience
This year I joined boxing class. My friend Lea and I were the only ____11____ in the class. We got to throw our first punches (拳击) and learned how we should stand. I still didn’t know how to do it well, but I felt that choosing the boxing class was the right decision. Mr. Vernon, our boxing teacher, made us work hard and sweat. The boxing pads (拳击护具) were my favorite, but my punches weren’t ____12____ enough.
After participating in more practices, we had learned how to punch in six different ways. The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the ____13____. Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what helped motivate me to ____14____.
Each practice there was at least one boy who would ____15____ me and say, “Oh you’re too short to box. Mr. Vernon has to ____16____ down when you are on the boxing pads; oh you’re not strong enough; you punch like a mouse.”
I know those comments were not to ____17____ me, but just to have fun. It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence; but hearing those comments can either bring you
____18____, or make you feel motivated to show them they are ____19____. In my case, they started to discourage me. I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong, and a part
of me thought that they were speaking the ____20____. I hid it inside my heart because I thought that showing that I was ____21____ myself would make it worse.
I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster. I was ____22____, yet I had a feeling in me that it was there all along. I just didn’t have that ____23____ in me. After practice, Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better, which really made me feel more ____24____ and showed me that what the others were saying about me was wrong. I had ____25____ found the strength I needed. The following practices, Mr. Vernon was impressed with my hooks and uppercuts, because they were getting ____26____.
This experience taught me that boxing requires a lot of work and effort, but it also taught me
.
not to feel ____27____ about what people say. If you focus on your strong points and improve on your ____28____ ones, there is no reason for you to feel disappointed. Boxing taught me how to fight, and defend myself physically and mentally, and show that short girls can do anything if they have the ____29____ to prove people wrong. Being short doesn’t ____30____ me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.
11 A. girls B. boys C. teenagers D. adults
12. A. large B. strong C. accurate D. quick
13. A. difference B. grade C. point D. judgement
14. A. relax B. change C. return D. continue
15. A. wave goodbye to B. take advantage of C. pay attention to D. make fun of
16. A. look B. sit C. bend D. turn
17. A. teach B. hurt C. amuse D. warn
18. A. down B. back C. along D. in
19. A. rude B. wrong C. funny D. simple
20. A. result B. word C. truth D. reason
21. A. fooling B. doubting C. convincing D. criticizing
22. A. surprised B. worried C. moved D. disappointed
23. A. relief B. fear C. anger D. interest
24. A. regretful B. comfortable C. embarrassed D. confident
25. A. eagerly B. finally C. gradually D. gratefully
26. A. normal B. reliable C. harmful D. powerful
27. A. discouraged B. ashamed C. annoyed D.
confused
28. A. small B. old C. weak D. shining
29. A. experience B. curiosity C. attention D. motivation
30. A. want B. help C. define D. forgive 【答案】11. A 12. B 13.
A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17.
B 18. A 19. B 20.
C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D
25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。

记叙了作者学习拳击的经历，作者因为个子矮，拳击不够有力，一开始每天至少会有一个男孩子取笑作者个子矮，作者也对此感到沮丧。

到后来作者终于变得越来越强大，明白了矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。

个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。

【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我的朋友Lea和我是班上仅有的女孩。

A. girls女孩；
B. boys男孩；
C. teenagers青少年；
D. adults成年人。

根据最后一段中and show that short girls can do anything可知班上只有作者和Lea是女孩。

故选A。

【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：拳击护具是我的最爱，但我的拳击不够有力。

A. large大的；
B. strong有力的，强壮的；
C. accurate精确的；
D. quick快的。

根据第二段中Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger可知作者的拳击还不够有利。

故选B。

【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：嗯，我很难看出其中的区别。

A. difference区别，差异；B. grade 成绩；C. point要点；D. judgement判断。

根据上文The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the可知其他人都有了不同的变化，而作者还很难看到自己和以前的区别。

故选A。

14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：V ernon先生总是告诉我，练习会让我变得更强，而这正是我继续坚持下去的动力。

A. relax放松；B. change改变；C. return返回；D. continue继续。

结合上文Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what
helped motivate me to可知Vernon先生的话激励作者继续下去。

故选D。

【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：每次练习都至少有一个男孩会取笑我说:“哦，你太矮了，打不了拳击。

”A. wave goodbye to挥手告别；
B. take advantage of利用；
C. pay attention to注意；
D. make fun of取笑。

根据下一段中but just to have fun.可知男孩子会取笑作者。

故选D。

【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：当你在拳击场上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。

A. look看；B. sit 坐下；C. bend弯曲；D. turn转弯。

结
合上文Oh you’re too short to box.可知对方取笑作者太矮了，坐在拳击护具上时，V ernon先生不得不弯下腰。

bend down“弯腰”。

故选C。

【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我知道那些话不是要伤害我，只是为了找乐子。

A. teach教；B. hurt 伤害；C. amuse娱乐；D. warn警告。

根据后文but just to have fun.可知男孩子取笑作者的身高，并不是为了要伤害作者，只是为了找乐子。

故选B。

【18题详解】
考查副词辨析。

句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信；但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。

A. down向下；B. back回去；
C. along沿着；
D. in在里面。

根据最后一段中there is no reason for you to feel disappointed.可知这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。

短语bring sb. down“让某人失望”。

故选A。

【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信;但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。

A. rude粗鲁的；B. wrong 错误的；C. funny 有趣的；D. simple简单的。

根据后文I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong可知此处指有动力向他们证明他们是错的。

故选B。

【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我没有勇气去认为他们是错的，我内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。

A. result结果；B. word话语；C. truth事实；D. reason理由。

根据上文It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者知道自己是个个子矮的人，所有听了这些男孩子的话，内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。

故选C。

【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我把它藏在心里，因为我觉得表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。

A. fooling愚弄；B. doubting怀疑；C. convincing说服；D. criticizing批评。

结合后文myself would make it worse.可知作者内心有一部分认为男孩子说的是事实，但是藏在心里，因为表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。

故选B。

【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我很惊讶，但我有一种感觉，它一直在我心里。

A. surprised 惊讶的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. disappointed失望的。

结合上文I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster.可知作者发觉生气时拳头突然变得更有力更快了，这让作者感觉惊讶。

故选A。

【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：我只是没有那么愤怒了。

A. relief减轻；
B. fear恐惧；
C. anger 愤怒；
D. interest兴趣。

根据上文I was mad and angry可知指愤怒。

故选C。

【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：训练结束后，Vernon先生指出我变得越来越强壮，越来越好，这真的让我感到更加自信，也让我明白别人对我的评价是错误的。

A. regretful遗憾的；B. comfortable舒服的；
C. embarrassed尴尬的；
D. confident自信的。

根据第四段中It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者一开始并不自信，Vernon指出作者有进步后，作者感觉更加自信了。

故选D。

【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：我终于找到了我需要的力量。

A. eagerly急切地；B. finally终于；
C. gradually逐渐地；
D. gratefully感谢地。

根据后文found the strength I needed.可知作者从一开始拳击不够有力，到如今获得了Vernon先生的认可，作
者终于找到了自己需要的力量。

故选B。

【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：通过接下来的练习，V ernon先生对我的勾拳和上勾拳印象深刻，因为它们变得越来越有力。

A. normal 正常的；B. reliable可靠的；C. harmful有害的；
D. powerful有力的，强大的。

结合上文Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better可知作者的拳击变得越来越有力了。

故选D。

【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：这段经历让我明白，拳击需要付出很多努力和艰辛，但也让我
明白，不要对别人说的话感到气馁。

A. discouraged气馁的，灰心的；B. ashamed羞愧的；
C. annoyed恼怒的；
D. confused困惑的。

根据倒数第三段中In my case, they started to discourage me.可知作者明白了不要对别人说的话感到气馁。

故选A。

【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：如果你专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，你就没有理由感到失望。

A. small小的；B. old老的；C. weak弱的，虚弱的；D. shining光亮的。

根据上文If you focus on your strong points and improve on your可知作者认为要专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，就没有理由感到失望了。

故选C。

【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：拳击教会了我如何战斗，如何在身体上和精神上保护自己，也告诉我矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。

A. experience经历；
B. curiosity好奇心；
C. attention注意力；
D. motivation动机。

根据倒数第三段中or make you feel
motivated to show them可知此处指有动力去证明别人是错的。

故选D。

【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：矮个子并不能定义我，也绝对不能限制我做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。

A. want想要；B. help帮助；
C. define定义；
D. forgive原谅。

结合后文me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.可知个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。

故选C。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
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full contact details.
VISIT US
You’ll find us n ext door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or
need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form.
31. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________.
A. give personalized guidance
B. provide resources on the Olympics
C. receive Olympic fans across the world
D. update information on Olympism for officials
32. What can be learned about the academic community?
A. It is organized by Olympic officials.
B. It launches projects at universities.
C. It promotes academic exchanges.
D. It provides electronic documents.
33. If you want to visit the center, you have to ________.
A. fill out a visitor request form
B. enter the Olympic Museum
C. make an appointment
D. arrive on workdays
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。

【31题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic
knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。

”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。

故选B。

【32题详解】
细节理解题。

根据Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。

”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。

故选C。

【33题详解】
推理判断题。

根据VISIT US中You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne,
Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。

我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。

”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。

故选D。

B
A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25
people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, howev er, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we
. appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
34. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.
A. his associates asked for a leave
B. there was a scheduling mistake
C. few customers needed to be served
D. the restaurant was scheduled to close
35. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.
A washing dishes B. taking photos
C. taking orders
D. cooking food
36. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?
A. They shared the same community spirit.
B. They were family members of Ben.
C. They wanted to serve themselves.
D. They were too hungry to wait.
37. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?
A. Lucky and excited.
B. Moved and inspired.
C. Relieved and hopeful.
D. Content and unbelievable.
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. A 37. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员安排的失误，导致只剩一名员工招待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。

【34题详解】
推理判断题。

由第十段“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工计划离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有及时出现。

这就
剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。

他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。

”由此判断出，因为换班人员的安排出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。

【35题详解】
细节理解题。

由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the coun ter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。

”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。

由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。

故选A项。

【36题详解】
推理判断题。

由第十二段“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感激，”华纳说。

“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感激他们把我们的员工当成家人。

”
由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此互相帮忙。

故选A项。

【37题详解】
推理判断题。

由第二段“Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人振奋的一幕。

最后一段“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是伟大！由此判断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。

故选B项。

【点睛】细节理解题顾名思义要抓住细节，将原文的细节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。

例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。

”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。

由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。

故选A项。

C
Chicken is America’s most popular meat. Many people assume chicken follows a simple rule-of-thumb: Pink chicken turned white means “done.” It’s similar to how we cook other meats. But is this true? To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries. From a random but nonrepresentative sample, they also conducted an online survey of nearly 4,000 households in the same countries that say they cook chicken.
Worried that chicken would dry out, most home cooks determined doneness by color and texture (口感) inside the meat, they found. Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use, didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary (although easy-to-use thermometers are inexpensive and widely available).
In additional lab experiments, the scientists injected raw chicken breast with bacteria (细菌), which cause millions of sicknesses, thousands of hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths each year in the United States. They cooked the breasts until they reached core temperatures ranging from 122 to 158 Fahrenheit, and they discovered something surprising. At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken. But meat began changing from pink to white far below this, and most color change occurred below 131 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes, the chicken’s core would be safely cooked, but unsafe levels of bacteria still existed on surfaces that hadn’t touched the grill plate.
So what are you supposed to do?
Dr. Bruno Goussault, a scientist and chef, recommends buying and cooking breasts and legs separately. Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit. If you really want to safely measure temperature for a whole chicken, insert a pop-up thermometer into the thickest part of the leg before roasting it, Dr. Goussault suggests. By the time it pops, the breasts will have long cooked. They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection. But you’ll be sure to, as Dr. Goussault says in French, “dormir sur ses deux oreilles,” or,
figuratively, “sleep peacefully.”
38. Why didn’t home cooks measure temperature with a thermometer?
A. They could not afford it.
B. It affected the taste of the meat.
C. It was not available in supermarkets.
D. They thought it was too much trouble.
39. In lab experiments, when the temperature reached 158 Fahrenheit, the meat .
A. was free of bacteria
B. still remained pink
C. appeared to dry out
D. was reduced in size
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The meat does not taste best when bacteria free.
B. The leg becomes fully cooked before the breast.
C. A whole chicken requires a higher temperature.
D. The thermometer should be placed inside the breast.
41. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Food safety.
B. Simple lifestyle.
C. Cooking skills.
D. Kitchen equipment.
【答案】38. D 39. C 40. A 41. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章通过描述科学家所做的鸡胸和鸡腿的烹饪温度的测量实验，说明如何烹饪鸡肉才是安全的。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

由文章第二段Few bothered with thermometers
(温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use,didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary.很少有人为温度计费心，宣称他们花费了太多的时间，太复杂而不能使用，不适合鸡肉也没必要。

可知，人们会觉得用温度计比较麻烦，与选项D内容相符，故选D项。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

由文章第三段At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken.在158度时，但不是更低，鸡核心的细菌降到了安全水平，当被切开时，鸡肉显得枯燥和纤维状，不像生鸡肉肉质那么光滑。

可知，到了158度时，鸡肉会显得干燥和纤维状，与选项C内容相符，故选C项。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

由最后一段Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to
between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit.鸡胸的核心温度要达到165度，他说，鸡腿的温度要达到
168.8度和172.4度之间。

和They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪
的) perfection.他们可能会干燥，而且与完美的烹饪标准也相去甚远。

可知，鸡胸和鸡腿的安
全烹饪温度分别为165度，168.8度和172.4度之间，这时细菌几乎被杀死了，所以食用是
比较安全的，但此时口感和味道却不那么好了。

与选项A内容相符，故选A项。

41题详解】
主旨大意题。

由文章第一段T o study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, 【
researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries.。