Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas—Reading

Section ⅢDeveloping ideas—Reading
1．shoot to ____ overnight一夜成名
2．a _____ speaker一个幽默的演讲人
3．make a ______ 发表一则评论
4．a ______ head剃光的头
5．a nice ______一个好小伙
6．_____ image品牌形象
7．the basic _________of mathematics数学的基本概念
8．a tourist _____一个旅游景点
9．_______ something in his ear附耳跟他说了些什么
10．a ___________ system一个复杂的系统
1．emote v．强烈地表现感情→_______ adj.使情绪激动的→emotion n．情感，感情；情绪
2．interact v．相互作用；交流；合作→___________ n．交流
3．_____ adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍，残酷
4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→______ ad v.温和地；轻柔地
5．________ v．结束，终止→conclusion n．结论
6．compose v t.作曲；创作→________ n．作曲家
1．_______________ 使(某事)显得非常清楚；使人了解(某事)
2．________________某种类型的幽默
3．__________________ (故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪
4．___________________ 头脑反应很快
5．__________ 匆匆离去
6．___________________哄堂大笑
7．________ 斥责，责骂
8．____________ 不能按时完成(工作)
1．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
His informal but sophisticated style of writing, in both Chinese and English, ______________________________________________________________ (使他成为他那一代最有影响力的作家之一).
2．while引导让步状语从句
_____________________________________________________________________ ___ (虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣), their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
3．不定式作表语
All you have to do is _________________________ (把错误的单词划掉).
4．the way＋定语从句
In my opinion, the funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was _________________ (他走路的方式) when he was acting as the Tramp, who is his most famous character.
①human behaviour人类行为
behaviour n．[U]行为，举止
②medieval adj.中世纪的，中古时期的
③be filled with...＝be full of...充满……
④throw light on使(问题等)较容易理解
⑤emotive adj.使情绪激动的
emotion n．[C，U]情感，情绪
⑥issue n．[C]问题；(杂志或报刊的)期v t.公布；出版
environmental issues环境问题
⑦be remembered for...因为……而被铭记
⑧combine...with...把……与……结合起来
⑨mischievous adj.调皮的，淘气的
⑩classic adj.典型的；最优秀的n．[C]经典作品
classical adj.古典的
⑪cross out划掉，删掉(错字)
⑫remark n．[C]言论；意见，评论v i. & v t.评论
make remarks about sth.＝remark on sth.就某事发表评论
⑬interaction n．[U，C]交流
interact v i.交流，沟通，合作；相互影响，相互作用
interact with sb./sth.与某人沟通/与某物相互作用
⑭a barber's shop理发店
barber n．[C]男理发师
⑮shave n．[C]刮脸，剃须v i.& v t.刮脸，刮胡子
get/have a shave刮脸
⑯recognise v t.认出；承认；(正式)认可
recognise...as...承认/认可……是……
recognition n．[U]识别；[usually sing.，U]承认
⑰response n．[C，U](口头的或书面的)回答，答复；反应，响应respond v t.& v i.回答v i.作出反应
make a response to＝respond to对……作出反应/回复
⑱just one's luck(对自己的遭遇并不惊讶)常不走运，就这运气
⑲fellow n．[C]男人；家伙
⑳lecture[熟词生义]v i.(尤指在大学里)开讲座，讲授，讲课
㉑brand of humour某种类型的幽默
brand n．[C]类型；品牌，牌子
㉒bilingual adj.双语的
bilingual dictionaries双语词典
㉓the concept of...……的概念
concept n．[C]概念，观念
㉔master n．[C]能手，擅长……者
a master of humour幽默大师
㉕spot n．[C]地点，处所
put sb. on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪
tourist spots旅游景点
㉖think on one's feet思维敏捷，反应迅速
㉗cruel adj.残忍的
cruelty n．[U](尤指蓄意的)残酷，残忍，残暴；[C，usually pl.]残暴的行为
㉘feed...to...把……喂给……
㉙whisper v t.& v i.悄声说，低语n.[C]耳语(声)，低语(声)
㉚hurry away匆匆离去
㉛astonished adj.感到惊讶的
astonish v t.使吃惊
astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
astonishment n．[U]惊讶
㉜roar with laughter哄堂大笑
roar v．哄笑，大笑
㉝gently ad v.温和地；轻柔地
gentle adj.温柔的；温和的
㉞tell off斥责，责骂
㉟illuminate v t.阐明，解释；照亮，照明
㊱equation n．[C]等式，方程式
㊲wisdom n．[U]智慧，才智
㊳complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的
㊴in the words of...用……的话说
The Importance of Humour
Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour① for thousands of years. There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece, and medieval②writings are filled with③ jokes.[1]While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were
then, their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on④ sensitive or emotive⑤issues⑥.
[1]此句中连词While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”；在该状语从句中又包含一个as引导的比较状语从句；that humour...issues为that引导的宾语从句，其中not only...but also...连接并列谓语。

Closer to modern times, someone who is remembered for⑦ his ability to combine humour with⑧more serious messages is American writer, Mark Twain. Twain's particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous⑨.For example, in his classic⑩novel The Ad v entures of Tom Sa w yer, he famously says, “Writing is easy.[2]All you have to do is cross out⑪the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks⑫in his everyday interactions⑬with people. For instance, [3]while on a lecturing tour of the United States, Twain went into a barber's shop⑭to get a haircut and a shave⑮. The barber, [4]not recognising⑯him, asked if he had a ticket to the lecture. When Twain replied that he didn't, the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand, as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain's response⑰was, “That's just my luck⑱. I always have to stand when that fellow⑲lectures⑳！”
[2]此句中不定代词all作主语；“you have to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词all。

由于修饰主语的定语从句中含有实义动词do，所以作表语的动词不定式to cross out可省略to。

[3]此处是“连词＋介词短语”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was on a lecturing tour of the United States”的省略形式。

while在此意为“在……期间”。

[4]此处为动词-ing短语not recognising him作后置定语，修饰The barber, recognise与the barber之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。

Like Twain, but on the other side of the world, Lin Yutang was soon [5]to become famous for his unique brand of humour㉑. A well-known bilingual㉒writer, Lin brought the concept of㉓humour to modern Chinese literature. In 1924, he creatively borrowed “youmo” from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”. “Youmo” is still being used in this way today.
[5]此处为动词不定式短语to become...humour作表语，构成“be to do”结构，表示注定要发生的事情。

Lin's quick wit helped make him famous as a master㉔of humour. Once, [6]having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot㉕when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. [7]Thinking on his feet㉖，Lin started to tell a story about a cruel㉗Roman emperor who tried to feed a man to㉘wild animals.
[8]First came a lion. The man whispered㉙something in the lion's ear, [9]after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily．[8]Then along came a tiger.Again, the man whispered in the tiger's ear. The tiger looked shocked and hurried away ㉚.“What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor, astonished㉛. “I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.” Lin's audience roared with laughter㉜. With this little joke, Lin was able to make people laugh, [10]while gently㉝telling off㉞the president．
[6]此处为动词-ing短语“having been invited...university”作时间状语，表示被邀请吃晚饭的动作发生在被要求做演讲之前。

[7]此句中动词-ing短语“thinking on his feet”作状语。

[8]“First came a lion.”和下文中的“Then along came a tiger.”都是全部倒装句。

[9]此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。

[10]此处是“连词＋动词-ing”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was gently telling off the president”的省略形式。

while在此意为“与……同时”。

Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn't just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate㉟the world. Lin even created an equation㊱to explain this concept: Reality＋Dreams＋Humour＝Wisdom ㊲.[11]Living and working with others can sometimes be complicated㊳，and humour makes this easier. Sharing jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together. Indeed, some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air. In the words of㊴Mark Twain, “Humor is mankind's greatest blessing”．
[11]此处是动词-ing短语作主语。

幽默的重要性
数千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。

古希腊的文字中记载有喜剧，笑话也常常出现在中世纪的作品当中。

虽然对现在的我们来说，这些笑话可能没有它们在中世纪的时候那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不只是一种娱乐的方式，它还可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。

到了近现代，美国作家马克·吐温因擅长用幽默的方式表达严肃的内容而著称。

他独特的写作风格幽默风趣，而且常常带有调侃意味。

例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》中有一句名言：“写作很容易，你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。

”他日常与人交流中的诙谐言论同样出名。

比如，有一次在美国做巡回演讲的时候，马克·吐温走进一家理发店去理发和刮脸。

理发师没有认出他，问他有没有这场演讲的门票，马克·吐温说没有。

理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着了，因为剧院里没有多余的座位。

马克·吐温回答说：“真倒霉。

只要那个家伙演讲，我总是要站着！”
和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特的幽默风格而出名。

作为著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。

1924年，他创造性地借用古汉语中的“幽默”作为英文单词“humour”的翻译。

今天，“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。

林语堂的机智使他成了著名的幽默大师。

有一次，他被邀请去一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。

林语堂急中生智，开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝要把一个人喂给野兽的故事。

首先来了一头狮子，那人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。

然后来了一只老虎，那人又对老虎耳语了几句，老虎看起来很震惊，急忙跑开了。

“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地说。

“我告诉它们，把我作为晚餐吃掉后，它们必须要演讲一番。

”林语堂的听众们顿时哄堂大笑。

通过这个小笑话，林语堂既能让大家哈哈大笑，同时也委婉地表达了对校长的不满。

幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。

林语堂甚至还创造了一个公式来解释他的理念：现实＋梦想＋幽默＝智慧。

和其他人在一起生活和工作有时候并不是一件容易的事，而幽默可以让这些事变得更简单。

一起讲笑话、一起欢笑可以使不同的个体甚至是团体凝聚在一起。

事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求
几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。

用马克·吐温的话来说：“幽默是人类头等的幸事。

”
1. What's mainly talked about in the passage?
A．The role of humour.
B．Humour is mankind's greatest blessing.
C．Mark Twain's humorous style.
D．Lin Yutang's unique humorous style.
[答案]B
2．Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．What does the word “mischievous” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Fantastic.B．Naughty.
C．Annoying.D．Sensible.
2．According to the description in the second paragraph, which of the following best describes Mark Twain?
A．Humourous and stubborn.
B．Arrogant and intelligent.
C．Witty and humourous.
D．Strong and tireless.
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Lin Yutang coined the word “youmo” to translate the word “humour”．B．The university president was angry at Lin Yutang because Lin told off him. C．The story given by Lin was fabricated because he felt embarrassed then.
D．The examples in paragraph 2 and paragraph 4 illustrate the importance of humour.
1．spot n．地点，处所v t.(spotted；spotted)发现；弄脏
(1)on the spot 当场，马上；在现场
put sb. on the spot使某人难堪
(2)spot sb. doing sth.发现某人正在做某事
(3)spotted adj.有斑点的；有圆点的
be spotted with满是……斑点；点缀着……
①On the bus，I spotted a man ________ (steal) a wallet from a lady's shoulder bag.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with
a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
③将会有著名的艺术家在现场表演如何剪纸。

There will be famous artists _____________________________________________．2．whisper v．悄声说；低语
(1)whisper sth.to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth.in one's ear在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that...有人私下说……；据秘密传闻……(2)in a whisper/in whispers低声地
①(2019·北京卷)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper __ myself the two simple words “Be yourself”．
②It _____________ (whisper)that the superstar has been arrested for taking drugs.
③They sat at the back of the room，talking in a low voice.
→They sat at the back of the room，talking _________________________ 3．conclude v．结束，终止v t.得出结论；推断出
①He concluded ____ their words that they didn't agree to the plan.
②He concluded his speech ____ a famous saying，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
③Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience, and emotion. __ conclusion, it's not a simple thing.
④他们就这个问题讨论了一整天，但没有得出一个结论。

They discussed the problem for a whole day, but they couldn't _________________ ____________________________．
4．fall behind 不能按时完成(工作)；落后
①I was unlucky to slip on a banana skin and _________ last night.
②The newly built bridge ___________because it was not strong enough to support
heavy lorries.
③At the club, I had my first try at skateboarding and ________ the board a lot.
④Last term, I became ill and spent two months in hospital, thus _____________others.
⑤The Mid-Autumn Festival, as the name suggests, _________the 15th day of the 8th lunar month.
重点句式1不定式作表语
(1)(教材P10)All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.
你只需要把错误的单词划掉就行。

(2)(教材P11)Like Twain, but on the other side of the world, Lin Yutang was soon to become famous for his unique brand of humour.
和马克·吐温类似，在世界的另一端，林语堂很快也因其独特的幽默风格而出名。

[句式分析]句中is cross out...和was soon to become...是“be to do sth.”结构，表示“按照计划或安排将要做某事”。

We are to meet at the station at four this afternoon.
我们今天下午四点在车站见面。

“be＋to do”结构用法归纳如下：
(1)表示按约定、计划、职责、义务、要求等即将发生的动作。

(2)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明的作用。

(3)主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可省略不定式符号to。

①This medicine is ___________ (take) three times a day after meals.
②The purpose of education is __________ (develop) a fine personality in children.
③杰克想做的第一件事就是飞奔回家告诉他父母这个好消息。

The first thing that Jack wanted to do ______________________________________ _________________．
重点句式2the way＋定语从句
(教材P14)In my opinion, the funniest thing about Charlie Chaplin was the way he walked when he was acting as the Tramp, who is his most famous character.
在我看来，查理·卓别林最有趣的地方在于他扮演流浪汉时的走路方式，流浪汉是他最著名的角色。

[句式分析]句中he walked是定语从句，先行词为the way, 从句引导词that/in which已经省去。

Would you tell me the way in which/that you learn English?
你能告诉我你学英语的方法吗？
way作“方式，方法”讲时，后接定语从句时有两种情况：
(1)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后常接that/in which引导的定语从句，当关系词在从句中作状语时，可以将关系词that/in which省略。

(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略。

(3)way表示“方式，方法”时，其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth.的形式。

[即学即练]单句语法填空/句式升级
①The way __________ the teacher explained to us in class was quite simple.
②You should keep in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way __________ (improve) your study.
③Can you work out a way? We can solve the problem in this way.
→_______________________________________________________ (定语从句)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2021·浙江卷)As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the _______ (概念)doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.
2．Many Chinese ______ (品牌)，having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
3．They ________ (推断出) that the results need to be repeated in a larger study. 4．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)If this ______ (同伴) participant is going to eat more, so will I. 5．People often think of gossipers as harmless, but _____ (残酷的) lies can cause pain. 6．John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named _________ (作曲家) of the year.
7．The famous doctor died, but his ____ (名声) will live on after him.
8．The United Kingdom is one of the most interesting places in the world to visit, having about 6，400 scenic _____ (地点).
9．They are __________ (低语) to each other for fear that they would wake up the sleeping child.
10．With a 3-D printer, a cook can print ___________ (复杂的) chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.
Ⅱ.选词填空
my students in my English class.
2．The traditional crosstalk shows have made people all over China __________________ for centuries.
3．What the scientists have discovered _______________ why there is no water on the Mars now.
4．Several of my classmates were not able to hand in their homework on time, so they were ________ by the teacher.
5．Having been absent for two weeks, I ___________ with my work and was determined to catch up.
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Humour has been an essential part of human 1._________ (behave) for thousands of years. Medieval writings are filled with jokes, which might not be as funny to us now as they were then. But their authors 2.__________ (understand) that humour could not only entertain, but also throw new light 3.__ sensitive or emotive issues.
Of all the writers in modern times, the most 4._______ (type) humorists are Mark Twain and Lin Yutang. The former is an American novelist, 5.___ is famous for his particular style of writing—funny and often mischievous, while the latter, a bilingual writer, is well known for his unique brand of humour. Lin 6.__________ (creative) borrowed “youmo”from Ancient Chinese as the translation for “humour”. Meanwhile, both of them 7.______________ (remember) for their witty and humorous 8._______ (remark) in everyday interactions with people.
Humour plays 9.__ important part in our life. 10._______ (share) jokes and laughing together can bring individuals and even communities together. Some people argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air. In the words of Mark Twain, “Humor is mankind's greatest blessing”．。