sentence+clarity+and+combining
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5
Common clarity problems
• Misplaced modifiers
• Dangling modifiers • Passive voice
6
Misplaced Modifiers
• a word or phrase that causes confusion because it is located within a sentence so far away from the word(s) to which it refers
7
Misplaced Modifiers
• Consider the different meanings in the
following sentences:ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้The dog under the tree
bit Carrie. vs.
The dog bit Carrie under the tree.
4
Sentence Clarity
Why do we need to be concerned with sentence clarity? To communicate effectively to the reader To make writing persuasive To show credibility and authority as a writer
13
Explain the meaning of each sentence:
• John nearly earned $100. • John earned nearly $100. • Which sentence indicates
that John earned some money?
14
10
How might you correct the following sentence?
Portia rushed to the store loaded with cash to buy the birthday gift.
Better: Portia, loaded with cash, rushed to the store to buy the birthday gift.
Dangling modifiers
• a word or phrase that modifies another word or phrase that has not been stated clearly within the sentence
11
Misplaced Modifiers
• Some one-word modifiers often cause confusion:
almost just
nearly simply
even hardly merely only
12
Explain the meaning of each sentence:
1
Class Review
• Correct the sentences below and give your reasons.
• 1. No one came to the party, it was a complete failure.
• 2. Gone with the wind is extremely long, it is never boring.
Sentence Clarity and Combining
1. Review : avoid comma-splices, sentence fragment and run-sentence
2. How to make sentence clear 3. Class activity: writing revision
2
• 1. The small, one-story houses are all the same size and style. With no difference except the color.
• 2. For each category, a wide range of patterns to choose from. It was hardly possible to distinguish between them.
• Almost everyone in the class passed the calculus exam.
• Everyone in the class almost passed the calculus exam.
• Which sentence indicates that everyone in the class failed the exam?
3
• I set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there, too, we decided to go together, we walked, the bookstore was not far away.
9
How might you correct the following sentence?
Jennifer called her adorable kitten opening the can of tuna and filled the food bowl.
Better: Opening the can of tuna, Jennifer called her adorable kitten and filled the food bowl.
8
Misplaced Modifiers
• Sometimes misplaced modifiers are used for comic effect: The other day I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas I'll never know. -- Groucho Marx
Common clarity problems
• Misplaced modifiers
• Dangling modifiers • Passive voice
6
Misplaced Modifiers
• a word or phrase that causes confusion because it is located within a sentence so far away from the word(s) to which it refers
7
Misplaced Modifiers
• Consider the different meanings in the
following sentences:ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้The dog under the tree
bit Carrie. vs.
The dog bit Carrie under the tree.
4
Sentence Clarity
Why do we need to be concerned with sentence clarity? To communicate effectively to the reader To make writing persuasive To show credibility and authority as a writer
13
Explain the meaning of each sentence:
• John nearly earned $100. • John earned nearly $100. • Which sentence indicates
that John earned some money?
14
10
How might you correct the following sentence?
Portia rushed to the store loaded with cash to buy the birthday gift.
Better: Portia, loaded with cash, rushed to the store to buy the birthday gift.
Dangling modifiers
• a word or phrase that modifies another word or phrase that has not been stated clearly within the sentence
11
Misplaced Modifiers
• Some one-word modifiers often cause confusion:
almost just
nearly simply
even hardly merely only
12
Explain the meaning of each sentence:
1
Class Review
• Correct the sentences below and give your reasons.
• 1. No one came to the party, it was a complete failure.
• 2. Gone with the wind is extremely long, it is never boring.
Sentence Clarity and Combining
1. Review : avoid comma-splices, sentence fragment and run-sentence
2. How to make sentence clear 3. Class activity: writing revision
2
• 1. The small, one-story houses are all the same size and style. With no difference except the color.
• 2. For each category, a wide range of patterns to choose from. It was hardly possible to distinguish between them.
• Almost everyone in the class passed the calculus exam.
• Everyone in the class almost passed the calculus exam.
• Which sentence indicates that everyone in the class failed the exam?
3
• I set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there, too, we decided to go together, we walked, the bookstore was not far away.
9
How might you correct the following sentence?
Jennifer called her adorable kitten opening the can of tuna and filled the food bowl.
Better: Opening the can of tuna, Jennifer called her adorable kitten and filled the food bowl.
8
Misplaced Modifiers
• Sometimes misplaced modifiers are used for comic effect: The other day I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas I'll never know. -- Groucho Marx