2019精品九章节醛和酮英语

*1
2HCN
-OH
(CH3)2C=O + HCN
CH3 CH3
C
CN H2O CH3
O-
CH3
C
CN OH
--
H+ H2O
CH3
COOH C
CH3
OH
-
-H2O
CH2=C-COOH CH3
-
ArCORArCOAr -
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1-
HC CH + H2O H2SO4 HgSO 4
OCH3
C
CH3CH2
OH
CH3OH, H+ CH3CH2
OCH3
C
CH3CH2
OCH3
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*
R
CH2OH
R
O--CH2
C===O +
===== C
+ H2O
R
CH2OH
R
O--CH2
*
*
*
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4
*1
CH3CH=O + NH3
HO H CH3CH-NH
HCH=O + HOH
H2C(OH)2
(100%)
CH3CH=O + HOH (CH3)2C=O + HOH
CCl3-CH=O + HOH
CH3CH(OH)
2
(CH3)2C(OH)
2
CCl3CH(OH)2
(~58%)
(0 %)
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2ROH
1
H+
CH3CH=O + CH3CH2OH
LiAlH(OBu-t)3
RCHO
NaCCR
1 R'MgX
O RCC CR'
O 2 H2O RCR'
O
C6H5CdCl or (C6H5)2Cd RCC6H5
R'2CuLi
O
R+ CR
AlCl3
Cl-
CR
Cl O CR
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2
ArCN
-H2O
O ArCNH2
OCH2CH3 CH3CH OH
CH3CH2OH, H+
CH3CH
OCH2CH3 OCH2CH3
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2
OH
HCl
HOCH2CH2CHCHO
HO OH O
CH3OH
HO OCH3 O
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3
CH3CH2 CH3CH2 C=O + CH3OH
H+
CH3CH2
(CH3)2C=CH C CH=C(CH3)2
O (CH3)2C=CH C CH3
O CH3CCH3
H+
H
O H
CH3
CH2-H 1,4 HO
CH3 CH3
CH3 O
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
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A
-OH
CH2O + H-CH2CHO
-OH
(HOCH2)3CCHO CH2O
OH O
CH3-C=CH-C-CH3
80
OH O
C6H5-C=CH-C-CH3
99
C=C
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2-H
1
-H-
2
-
O
O
R C CH3 + NaOH + X2
OH R C CX3
CHX3 + RCOONa
(H)
(NaOX)
(H)
X2Cl2CHCl3 X2Br2CHBr3 X2I2CHI3
HCHO,
30.03,1.083,
1.3755-1.3775,60 ,-19.5 ,
-118 .
3540
,()
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( --)(--) (0.1--0.5)
Company Logo
1)
2)
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3) ()60
35%40% () 4)
2.
CH3CH=CH2
CH3CH2CH2 CH2OH
CH3CH=CH2
HBr H2O2
CH3CH2CH2Br
Mg CH3CH2CH2MgBr
O3
CH3CH=CH2 Zn H2O
CH3CHO + HCHO
HCHO
+ CH3CH2CH2MgBr
H+ H2O
CH3(CH2)2CH2OH
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1.2-
CH2=CH2
CH3 CH CH2CH3 OH
CH2=CH2 HBr CH3CH2Br
Mg
CH3CH2MgBr
CH2=CH2
H2O H+
CH3CH2OH
Cu CH3CHO
CH3CHO
+
CH3CH2M
gBr
H+ H2O
CH3CHCH2CH3 OH
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OH H+ H2O CH3CH2CHCOOH
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3
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2
*1
R C=O + NaHSO3
H
*2
R C=O +
H
HO O-Na+ S O
R OH
C
H
SO3Na
R
O-Na+
C
H
SO2OH
R OH
C
H
SO3Na
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O C O + NaO-S-OH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
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RCH RCO RCO- RCO-
O -R' OH
X
RCO- RCO- RCOOCOR' NH2 OR
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9.1
H 121.80
111.50 C0.120O3
C
O
CH32C=NOH + H2O
--
1 2
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5
-- ,
Ph3P + R2CHX
Ph3P+CHR2X-
Ph3P==CR2
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6
----
1 2
C20H16N4Na2O9S2 566.480
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-H
-H -H
1 -H
O CH2 C
H 0.111nm
+
=2.27 D
1 C=O
CO
2 C=O
3
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121.8 H
CO
CO
116.5 C O
H
sp2
C=O
CO C < O
CO
CO
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1
R C=O RCOR'R= R'RR'
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CH3CH2CH2CHO
ONa C
SO3H
OH C
SO3Na
- 1�8 2� a b
c HCN
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-
OH R C SO3Na
HCl R
C O + NaCl + SO2 + H2O
CH 3H
CH3H
NaCO3
R C O + Na2SO3 +NaHCO3
CH3H
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3
1H2O
HOCH2-CH2CHO
-OH 2CH2O
(HOCH2)4C + HCOOH
H CHO
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-
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--H
-H
O CC
H
R (H )
H
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O
CCH
H
-H 1
2 -
3
C=C�C=O
1 2 3,- 4
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H O
RCC
H H(R)
-H
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CHO
CHO
CH3CH=CHCHO
CH2CHO CH2CHO
O CH3CH2-C-CH3
O O C-CH3
O CH3CH=CH-C-CH3
O
OO CH3-C-CH2-C-CH3
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2
1
CH3CH2CHO
CH2=CHCHO
BrCH2CH2CH2CHO
O CH3CCH2CH3
NMgB r
NH
-C10H7MgBr ArCC10H7-n H2O ArCC10H7-n H+
H2O
Cl
HCl
SnCl2
ArC=NH
ArCH=NH
H2O
O
ArCC10H7-n
ArCH=O
OH
PCl5
ArC=NH
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3
R'Li
ArCOOH
O
R'Li
ArC-OLi
OLi Ar-C-OLi
CH3-C-CH2-C(CH3)2
O
CH3-C-CH=C(CH3)2
-H2O
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CH3CH=O
-B
-
CH2CH=O
CH3CH=O
O-
O
OH O
CH3CHCH 2CH H2O
CH3CHCH 2CH
-H2O CH3CH=CHCHO
KOH C2H5ONa (t-BuO)3Al . 0.5mol
1 2 3 4
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(1)
C=O Nu-
Nu H+ C O-
Nu C
OH
C=O + H+
[
+ C=OH
+ C-OH
]Nu-
Nu C
OH
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2
R H
C=O >
R R'
C=O >
Ar C=O R'
HCHO > RCHO > ArCHO > RCOR' > RCOAr
CH3CHO
OH HCN
CH3CHCN
OH H+ H2O RCHCOOH
2-
OH
CH3CH=CH2 CH3CH2CHCOOH
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2-
CH3CH=CH2
H2O2 HBr
CH3CH2CH2Br
NaOH H2O
CH3CH2CH2OH
Cu CH3CH2CHO
OH
HCN CH3CH2CHCN
HO H
CH3CH=O + RNH2
CH3CH-NR
-H2O -H2O
CH3CH=NH
CH3CH=NR
,PH=4-5
H OH
-H2O
CH3CH=O + R2NH
CH2CH-NR2
CH2=CH-
NR2
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CH3CH=O + NH2OH
CH3CH=NOH + H2O
CH32C=O + NH2OH
1 2
1 2 -
1 3
2 - 4 -
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O H Na2Cr2O7/ H2SO4 O
H
,
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C rO 3
O
+
O
1. O3 2.Z n/H2O
CH2CHO CH2CHO
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1
O RCCl
ArCOCl
H2/Pd-BaSO4-RCHO + HCl
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3 *1-----
CH3CH2CH2CHO + CH2CHO
-OH
CH2CH3
OH
I2
CH3CH2CH2CHCHCHO
CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH=CCHO CH2CH3
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~ ~
~
O Soxhlex Ba(OH)2
2CH3CCH3 O
-H2O I2
3,7 6
O
CH3CH2-C-CH2CH3 3
O
O
CH3-C-CH2-C-CH3
2,4
H3C O
3
O
O C-CH2CH3
O
C-CH3
COCH2CH2CH3
2 1 1 1 1 1
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O
CCCCC H
CH3CH=CHCH2CHO
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1
-H --
O CH3CCH3
Ba(OH)2
OH O (CH3)2CCH2CCH3
O
-H2O
(CH3)2C=CHCCH 3
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2
O CH3CCH3 H+
+OH
-H+
CH3C-CH2-H
OH CH3C=CH2
+OH CH3CCH3
+OH OH
-H+
O OH
CH3-C-CH2-C(CH3)2
OH CH C
O
OH
CH3 C CH2 H
CH3 C CH2
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O CH3-C-CH3
O
O CH3-C-CH2COOC2H5
O
O
CH3-C-CH2-C-CH3
O
O
C6H5-C-CH2-C-CH3
OH
CH2=C-CH3
2.4x10-4
OH
2.0x10-2
OHO
CH3
7.5 OC2H5
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1
1
C O + R MgX
C OMgX H2O R C OH + HOMgX R
RMgX--
�---
�----
�---
O
OH
(CH3)2CHCCH(CH3)2 + RMgX
R=C2H5 CH3CH2CH2
80%
30%
(CH3)2CHCCH(CH3)2
(CH3)2CH R 0%
R
H2O
OH
-H2O
O
Ar-C-OH
ArC-R
R
ArCOOH + R'MgX
ArCOOMgX + R' H
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X R C R'
X (H)
-
H2O
R C R' O (H)
ArH + RCOCl
ArCOR