2019-2020学年明德实验学校高三英语期末试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年明德实验学校高三英语期末试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People Fed
Yuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.
Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.
In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.
Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.
InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.
Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.
Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.
Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.
1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?
A. A serious food shortage.
B. Agriculture development.
C. His interest in the rice experiment.
D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.
2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.
A. developed a variety of hybrid rice
B. worked as a scientist after graduation
C. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017
D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1953
3. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.
A. modest and outgoing
B. honest and creative
C. generous and optimistic
D. responsible and devoted
B
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color1 or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published bySciencefound that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: ly not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
4. Whatdoes the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.
B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective.
D. They're strict.
5. What can we infer about girls from the study inScience?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
6. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
C
Age has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree.
The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake, flood and other natural disasters.
At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.
She doesn’t stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took fights all the time. Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests.
In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group at church.
She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and in the future aims to help business owners with trends. Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.
8. Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika?
A. When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling.
B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11.
C. She majored in science and technology.
D. In 2013 she got her bachelor’s degree through completing courses online.
9. What is her next plan according to the passage?
A. Major in aviation psychology.
B. Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.
C. Be active in her youth group at church.
D. Write another book to help people to be talents.
10. Why does she write the book Jump the Education Barrier?
A. It aims to help people to be geniuses.
B. It is intended to give students a hand to complete college.
C. It is designed to arouse people’s awareness of psychology.
D. The author hope to share her own experience with others.
11. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?
A. The Story of Thessalonika
B. To be a talent
C. Three Published Books
D. Homeschooling
D
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.
Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation
sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.
The results are in the Transportation Research Record.
As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.
12. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?
A. To present a fact.
B. To make a contrast.
C. To explain a rule.
D. To share an experience.
13. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?
A. Hardening the road.
B. Keeping oil in the ground.
C. Growing trees for decades.
D. Improving the transportation.
14. What is the advantage of this suggestion?
A. Gaining more support.
B. Consuming less money.
C. Involving more people.
D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.
15. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?
A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.
B. Those agencies will change some related policies.
C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.
D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Thomas Derksen was born inGermanyin 1988 and married Chinese girl, Zhu Liping, in2014. After that, they
chose to live inShanghai. One weekend he went to theSnakeArtificialIslandinShanghaito fish with his Chinese father-in-law._____16_____
On the journey to the island, Derksen's father-in-law, " old Zhu", called five of his friends one by one promising to give them each two fish. However, it proved difficult to catch more than the two fish which Derksen hooked.____17____In the end, to honor the promises, they went to a nearby market to buy a dozen fish.
Derksen describes this funny thing in his German book about his trying to win over his wife's tough Chinese father. The book published in April has sold more than 20 ,000 copies inGermany.____18____The book has been so far translated into Chinese , titled Meet the Tiger Father-in-Law. The first run of 5 ,100 copies has sold out.
What caused Derksen to write this book? In fact he had been thinking of how to let German people learn more aboutChina.____19____. So he wrote down all the funny things that he had experienced inChinato help German readers better know about Chinese culture.
____20____. Despite the convenience of the Internet and social media, it is common for people to harbor cultural stereotypes(刻板印象) of other countries. Derksen said, " To change people's stereotypical view of another country, one of the best ways is to visit the country in person , to take a look and to experience the local customs and traditions People often communicate with each other better when that is the case".
A. His friend suggested that he write a book.
B. There are many challenges in a mixed marriage.
C. They are very enthusiastic about the Chinese history.
D. He thought it was a good opportunity to improve their relationship.
E. It's popular for its vivid and amusing details about Chinese people and culture.
F. The unhappy father-in-law and the nervous son-in-law barely exchanged a word.
G. Understanding is key to the communication between people from different cultures.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Tang, who retired two years ago, had taught physical education for 34 years in primary and middle schools in rural areas. Apart from____21____, Tang is also well-known and seeks out many young____22____to train in Hunan's Xinning county of Shaoyang city.
For more than 30 years, athletes with disabilities are____23____by Tang, and they have won championships in many____24____. Tang is also____25____as a world champion's first teacher for taking village children into the world of sports.
For him, being____26____does not mean the end, but makes him get more time to help rural children____27____their sporting dreams. Tang's____28____place for the children is in his former home, in a room____29____less than 30 square meters. Walls that have fallen into_____30_____show the house's age, and the rings and hemp (大麻) rope hanging from the_____31_____have also helped many athletes to_____32_____their skills.
“Get in line!” Tang asks his students toline up for their warming-up_____33_____. “Rural children are more_____34_____and they enjoy running and jumping. Sometimes it is difficult to_____35_____them,” he comments. “___36___, they are really enthusiastic about sports and can_____37_____much difficulty.”
Tang often_____38_____kindergartens and elementary schools in the county to find more sports-loving and_____39_____talented children. He asks the children to_____40_____the standing long jump and the short running. For so many years, Tang has been engaged in sports teaching in village.
21. A.teaching B.studying C.resting D.sleeping
22. A.students B.teachers C.athletes D.children
23. A.picked up B.brought up C.taken in D.trapped in
24. A.ways B.places petitions D.shows
25. A.served B.recognized C.clarified D.remembered
26. A.retired B.famous C.excited D.courageous
27. A.suppose B.process C.arrange D.achieve
28. A.mentioning B.training C.surrounding D.discovering
29. A.facing B.setting C.spreading D.measuring
30. A.goods B.ruins C.pictures D.paintings
31. A.building B.barrier C.column D.ceiling
32. A.demand B.support C.develop D.expose
33. A.activities B.exercises C.effects D.abilities
34. A.generous B.lovely C.energetic D.protective
35. A.warm B.grasp C.fight D.control
36. A.However B.Anyway C.Therefore D.Instead
37. A.face B.change C.lose plain
38. A.knows B.masters C.visits D.decorates
39. A.seriously B.really C.honestly D.kindly
40. A.help B.keep C.submit D.learn
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The town ofBentonia, in the southern state ofMississippi, has fewer than 500 people. But it is known____41.____the birthplace of a special style of blues music. One musician is doing____42.____he can to keep the music and storytelling tradition alive.
Jimmy "Duck" Holmes is 73 years old. He is the last remaining Bentonia blues____43.____（perform）. He was just nominated（提名）for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album. He hopes the album,____44.____（call）Cypress Grove, will help save the Bentonia blues long after he is gone.
The world has changed around Holmes and his Blue Front Café, the____45.____（old）surviving juke joint（小酒馆）of the country. Across the South, these spaces were____46.____（historical）owned and visited by African Americans. But many juke joints have closed as owners have passed away. Blues experts believe Holmes is the only American____47.____（run）a juke joint passed down by his parents.
The Grammy Awards take place this year on March 14. Holmes plans to watch the ceremony from the Blue Front Cafe. He cannot go to____48.____event in person because of the coronavirus pandemic. Instead, he will____49.____（surround）by musicians from across Mississippi_____50._____want to perform with him.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.单句改错
As production up by 60% this company has had another excellent year.
Looked back on my high school life, I’ve learnt a lot from my teachers and classmates.
Sam liked playing and was afraid of difficulties, but he fell behind others in his studies.
My son asked curious why water becomes ice in the refrigerator.
As everyone knows, it is important for us to have good rest at night.
I look forward to win the match in the coming season.
In order to find Cinderella, the prince visited each of the girl in town.
Last winter, many traffic accidents had happened just because of the snow.
They suddenly became aware on the risk of doing so.
My legs were getting heavier and heavier and it hurt a lot.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华,你从网络上得知第24届冬季奥运会(Winter Olympic Games)将在你居住的城市举办，
现在招募志愿者。

你很想成为一名志愿者，准备给奥运会的组委会写一封申请信介绍你自己的情况。

具体内容包括以下几下方面：
1.个人情况:年龄、性别、学历；
2．优势：英语口语流利、爱好体育、擅长交际、乐于助人；
3.有过相关经验,承诺提供最佳服务。

注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.不要逐词逐句地翻译,可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Dear Sir,
I learn from the Internet that the 24th Winter Olympic Games will be held in the citywhere I live .
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________
Yours
Li Hua
参考答案
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A
12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D
16. D 17. F 18. E 19. A 20. G
21. A 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. D 32.
C 33. B 34. C 35.
D 36. A 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. as 42. what/whatever
43. performer
44. called 45. oldest
46. historically
47. running
48. the 49. be surrounded
50. who/that
51.(1). As→With或在up前加is
(2). Looked→Looking
(3). but→so (4). curious→curiously
(5). good前加a
(6). win→winning
(7). girl→girls
(8). 去掉had (9). on→of
(10). it→them
【66题详解】
考查with的复合结构或状语从句。

句意：随着产量增加了60%，这家公司又度过了出色的一年。

分析句子结构可知，使用了with+宾语+介词短语做宾补，或者是由as引导的状语从句，缺少了谓语动词，一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，be动词使用is，故As改为With 或者是在up前加is。

【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：回顾我的高中生活，我从我的老师和同学那里学到了很多的东西。

分析句子结构可知，此处使用了分词作状语，look back on与逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，位于句首注意大写，故Looked 改为Looking。

【68题详解】
考查连词。

句意：山姆喜欢玩又害怕困难，所以他在学习上落后他人。

分析前后句关系可知，两者之间为因果关系，要用so，故but改为so。

【69题详解】
考查副词。

句意：我儿子好奇地问为什么水在冰箱里会变成冰。

分析句子结构可知，修饰动词，应用副词形式作状语，故curious改为curiously。

【70题详解】
考查冠词。

句意：众所周知，晚上休息好对于我们来说很重要。

短语have a rest“休息”，故在good前加a。

【71题详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：我期待着在下个赛季赢得这场比赛。

短语look forward to doing sth “期待做某事”中to是介词，后加动名词作宾语，故win改为winning。

【72题详解】
考查名词。

句意：为了找到灰姑娘，王子拜访了镇上的每个女孩。

each of 后加可数名词复数，故girl改为girls。

【73题详解】
考查时态。

句意：去年冬天，因为雪，发生了许多的交通事故。

根据时间状语last winter可知，要使用一般过去时，故去掉had。

【74题详解】
考查介词。

句意：他们突然意识到这样做的风险。

短语be aware of“意识到”，故on改为of。

【75题详解】
考查代词。

句意：我的腿越来越重了，而且很疼。

结合句意可知，这里指代的是上文中的legs，应用第三人称复数them，故it改为them。

52.略。