【其他】高中英语Unit2Healthyeating单元质量评估新人教版必修3

【关键字】其他
单元质量评估(二)
时间：100分钟分数：120分
第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A
The food we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat.Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of human illness is related to food and 40% of cancer is related to food as well.That food is related to illness is not a new discovery.In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives(添加剂)caused cancer.
Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappings(包装)of foods are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct.Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows.Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit.
The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market.Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues.
【语篇解读】本文告诉我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。

因为食物可以让我们生存，也可以让我们患病。

1．According to this passage, we can know ________．
A．perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat
B．perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat
C．cancer was discovered in 1945
D．science has made food unfit to eat
解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第三句话“Some research has shown that perhaps 80% of human illness is related to food and 40% of cancer is related to food as well.”可知，80%的疾病都是由我们吃的食物引起的，故A项正确。

答案：A
2．Things that are used to keep colours in meats are________．
A．harmful B．useless
C．helpless D．delicious
解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句话“In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives caused cancer.”可知，这些让肉着色的添加剂会导致癌症。

那么对人体是有害的，故A项正确。

答案：A
3．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Some wrappings of food are harmful.
B．Farmers try to make more money on the market by fattening their animals.
C．“The practice continues” means “things are still going on like that”．D．We needn't take care of what we eat.
解析：推理判断题。

根据第一段前三句话可知，食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的。

说明对于我们的食物我们要特别注意，故D项错误。

答案：D
4．All the additives ________．
A．are bright and colourless
B．are not bright and colourful
C．have indirect effects on our health
D．have direct effects on our health
解析：细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段第二句“The additives which we eat are not all so direct.”可知，很多添加剂都不是直接影响人体健康的。

故C项正确。

答案：C
B
If you really want to go green, here's good news: eating green is good for you.The very foods with a high carbon cost—meat, pork, dairy products, processed snacks—also tend to be filled with fat and calories.A green diet would be mostly vegetables and fruits, whole grains, fish and lean meat like chicken—a diet that's eco－ and waistline－friendly.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.
It may be hard to believe that a meal at McDonald's produces more carbon than your trip to a far－away place.More than 37% of the world's land is used for agriculture, much of which was once forested.Deforestation (砍伐森林) is a major source of carbon.The fertilizer (化肥) and machinery needed on a modern farm also have a large carbon footprint, as does the network of ships and trucks that brings the food from the farm to your plate.
The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especially beef.Raising cattle takes a lot more energy than growing the equivalent (相等的) amount of grains, fruits or vegetables.What's more, the majority of cattle in the US are fed on grain and loads of it—670 million tons in 2002—and the fertilizer used to feed that creates separate environmental problems.
Focus on eating lower on the food chain, with more plants and fruits and less meat and dairy.It's simple.We can change today what goes into our bodies for the health of our planet and ourselves.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了吃绿色食品的好处。

5．According to the passage, eating green will ________．
A．protect the animals from being killed
B．promote the development of agriculture
C．help us lose weight and keep self－confidence
D．be good for our health and make a change for the climate
解析：细节理解题。

由第一段最后两句话“A green diet—a diet that's eco－ and waistline－friendly.Eating green can be healthier and beneficial to the climate.”可知，吃绿色食品对我们的健康有利而且对改变气候有利。

答案：D
6．What will not lead to carbon in the agriculture?
A．Deforestation. B．Fertilizer.
C．Machinery. D．Grains.
解析：推理判断题。

由第二、三段的介绍可知，只有谷物不会造成碳排放。

答案：D
7．In the author's opinion, the most efficient way to reduce carbon is to ________．
A．eat more vegetables than meat
B．stop raising the cattle
C．plant more grains
D．use less fertilizer
解析：细节理解题。

由第三段第一句话“The most efficient way to reduce the carbon footprint of your menu is to eat less meat, especial ly beef.”可知。

答案：A
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The benefits of eating green.
B．How to reduce the carbon.
C．The change of our menu.
D．The ways of keeping healthy.
解析：主旨大意题。

由文章大意可知。

答案：A
C
People are overweight for many reasons, the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods, get the wrong types of calories (卡路里) per meal，and they also eat meals at the wrong time each day.Food is more powerful than any weight loss pill (药片), because the food that you eat can either make you thin or fat.This is true because your body is like an engine, and it only needs certain foods at certain intervals (间隔) each day.
Low－calorie diets do not work
The reason people cannot lose weight by starving themselves is that their metabolism (新陈代谢) will detect any major drop in calories and it will then adjust (调整) itself by burning fewer calories each day.That is the reason why you can eat 1，000 calories per day and not lose any weight, while your friends can eat 2，500 calories per day and not gain any weight.
Low－fat diets do not work
Many people in today's society are buying mostly low－fat or non－fat food at the grocery store.Everybody knows how much fat is inside the food they buy.However, people are getting fatter than ever before by doing this.They are not losing weight by changing to this low－fat lifestyle.
Losing weight has nothing to do with these things.One of the most important things you can do to control your weight is to eat the proper foods, such as fruit and vegetables, eat them at the right time, and exercise every day.If people make this a habit, they will lose weight.
【语篇解读】本文介绍了人们超重的原因。

9．What is the main reason why people are overweight?
A．They eat the wrong foods at the wrong time.
B．They eat food with lots of calories.
C．They don't take any weight loss pills.
D．They burn many calories every day.
解析：细节理解题。

从第一段的第一句话“People are overweight for many reasons,
the most important one of which is that they eat the wrong foods...”可知A项是正确答案。

答案：A
10．The article is written in order to ________．
A．tell readers not to buy low－fat or non－fat food
B．tell readers how to lose weight
C．tell readers about an important scientific discovery
D．call on people to lose weight and stay healthy
解析：作者意图题。

纵观全文，讲了人类肥胖的主要原因，以及人们怎样做就会减肥，故B项正确。

答案：B
11．To realize the aim of your weight loss plan, you should ________．
a．do exercise every day
b．eat meals at the right time
c．eat fruits and vegetables
d．eat low－fat or sweet food
e．eat the proper foods at each meal
A．a，b，c，d B．a，b，d，e
C．a，c，d，e D．a，b，c，e
解析：从最后两段可排除A、B、C三项；从全文可知，D项正确。

答案：D
D
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colours.Research suggests warm colours fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colours like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colours make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.
Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.
【语篇解读】想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。

房间一要明亮；二要用冷色系以减少食欲；三要在就餐时放一些舒缓的音乐；四要用小的碗碟。

12．The text is especially helpful for those who care about________．
A．their home comforts B．their body shape
C．house buying D．healthy diets
解析：细节理解题。

根据全文第一段“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.”可知，这篇文章更可能是对那些在乎自己体型的人有帮助。

答案：B
13．A home environment in blue can help people________．
A．digest food better
B．reduce food intake
C．burn more calories
D．regain their appetites
解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句话“In one study...”可知在蓝色房间内人吃的相对较少。

答案：B
14．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A．Eat quickly.
B．Play fast music.
C．Use smaller spoons.
D．Turn down the lights.
解析：细节理解题。

最后一段介绍，要想少吃，就要用小碗小勺，而前文也提到，吃得快和房间暗会增加饮食，放舒缓的音乐有助于减少饮食的速度和进食量。

故选C。

答案：C
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Is your house making you fat?
B．Ways of serving dinner
C．Effects of self－consciousness
D．Is your home environment relaxing?
解析：主旨大意题。

根据开头和后文可知，本文就房间的布置给那些想减肥的人士提了一些建议。

所以选A可以更好地概括全文。

答案：A
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Sure, we've all heard that we should get more sleep.The realities of life often make it become “we should get more sleep later.” __16__ The result is that you wake up the next day feeling like a role of The Walking Dead.Here are four ways you can adjust your biology in order to pay less for staying up.
·Move around.
Exercising before bed is a sure way to keep awake.That's why you shouldn't do it when you want to go to sleep, and it is also why hitting the gym, or even some fast push－ups can tell your body that it's not time for bed.Being physically exhausted isn't fun when you are trying to stay up late.__17__
·Eat more protein.
Few people think about the fact that the brain and body use a lot more energy when we're awake.If you are pulling an all－nighter, you're going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating.__18__ To stay awake, plan to eat larger meals than normal and to eat them more frequently.
·Drink the right stuff.
It's tempting (诱人) to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull, but the sugar will lead to a crash.Instead, if you want to use caffeine, drink early in the evening so it'll wear off by the time you want to sleep.__19__ Don't make it worse by drinking sugar.
·__20__
Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.For three or four hours after you're exposed to bright white light, your body won't make melatonin, a must for deep sleep.You will sleep better if you turn the lights a little
bit dow n.
A．Turn the lights off.
B．Avoid bright lights.
C．Just do enough to get energetic.
D．And your body can never bear something like that.
E．Your brain can use up to 25 percent of your total calories.
F．When you stay up late, your blood sugar becomes abnormal.
G．There is ei ther more work to be done, or more fun to be had, or both.
【语篇解读】生活中，我们经常熬夜，这对我们的身体有很大影响，文章介绍了如何在熬夜的时候保持清醒的方法。

16．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。

根据上文“The realities of life often make it become ‘we should get more sleep later.’”可知我们经常得不到足够的睡眠要么是因为有很多工作要做，要么是因为又很多有趣的事情要做，所以选G。

答案：G
17．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。

根据上文“Being physically exhausted isn't fun when you are trying to stay up late.”可知锻炼不要太多，做一些就足够了，所以选C。

答案：C
18．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。

根据上文“If you are pulling an all－nighter, you're going to need a lot more food than you are used to eating.”可知你的大脑会用到25%的总的卡路里，所以选E。

答案：E
19．解析：考查句意理解和上下文。

根据上文“It's tempting to switch to sugary caffeine drinks like Red Bull, but the sugar will lead to a crash.”可知当你熬夜的时候，你的血糖会不正常，所以选F。

答案：F
20．解析：考查段落大意题。

根据这段的句子“Turn the lights down at night because bright lights keep you awake.”可知这段介绍的是要避免明亮的灯光。

所以选B。

答案：B
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Everything speeds up with people's lives.People often eat fast food __21__nice meals cooked by their mother__22__．They go to a shop, where the meal
is__23__cooked.They can take__24__from the shelf when they__25__their dollar and in ten minutes eat it and__26__their dinner.This is not good for__27__．People move a great__28__from city to city，__29__their jobs.Airplanes go__30__between cities.Every twenty－five seconds planes are __31__ off from airports.When people move to the cities, they __32__ their old friends behind.They leave their old mother and father, their children, and leave their__33__．People become without roots, without a place__34__they can really call“home”．This has very__35__effects.One thing is that the old people often live so far from their children that，__36__they become old, there is nobody to__37__them.Brothers and sisters move far away from each other.They telephone each other.Families become very__38__．Society does not have the__39__ways any more, the ones whi ch kept people__40__together.Many people feel rather lonely today.
【语篇解读】本文主要对新旧两种生活方式进行了对比。

21．A.without B．together with
C．instead of D．as
解析：句意：吃快餐而非吃妈妈在家做的香喷喷的饭菜。

instead of“而不是”，符合句意。

答案：C
22．A.at school B．at home
C．in the hotel D．in the restaurant
解析：由“cooked by their mother”可知是在家里做的。

答案：B
23．A.already B．still
C．not D．just
解析：already指“已经做了”；still“仍然”；not在此指“没有做”；just指“刚做”。

结合语境“他们去饭菜‘已经煮好’的商店”，可知already符合句意。

答案：A
24．A.them B．it
C．everything D．little
解析：该空替代上文的meal。

答案：B
25．A.put B．get
C．set D．pay
解析：由下文的“their dollar”可推知用pay，指付款。

答案：D
26．A.finish B．cook
C．fetch D．bring
解析：他们来饭店是吃饭的而不是做其他事。

本句意为“他们10分钟之内就吃完饭”。

答案：A
27．A.families B．children
C．old people D．business
解析：人们都到外面吃饭，必然对“家庭”不利。

答案：A
28．A.many B．much
C．deal D．far
解析：a great deal意为“许多次”，修饰动词。

答案：C
29．A.doing B．to do
C．changing D．change
解析：人们频繁更换地点是为了“更换”工作。

答案：C
30．ually B．immediately
C．constantly D．fast
解析：由下文“Every twenty－five seconds planes are taking off from airports.”可推出此处用constantly“不停地”。

答案：C
31．A.get B．taking
C．pay D．come
解析：此句意为“飞机从机场起飞”，用take off。

故选B。

答案：B
32．A.leave B．miss
C．like D．hate
解析：根据语境可知，他们将老朋友“留下”。

miss“思念”；like“喜欢”；hate“讨厌”，故选A。

答案：A
33．A.friends B．parents
C．teachers D．students
解析：与人们关系密切的人除了父母、小孩子之外就是“朋友”了。

答案：A
34．A.or B．and
C．where D．that
解析：关系代词引导定语从句，先行词a place指物且在定语从句中作宾语，应填that。

答案：D
35．A.bad B．surprising
C．exciting D．great
解析：人们离开亲人朋友频繁搬迁当然会产生“不良”后果。

答案：A
36．A.if B．when
C．since D．because
解析：“当他们年老时”这是一般事实，没有假设意味，可排除A项；C、D项表因果关系，在此意义不合。

答案：B
37．A.see B．look after
C．hear from D．telephone
解析：老人离子女这么远以至于当他们变老时没有人来“照料”他们。

答案：B
38．A.scattered B．different
C．large D．divided
解析：人们四处搬迁必然使家庭“分散”。

答案：A
39．A.new B．old
C．easy D．s ame
解析：本文主要讲新旧两种生活方式的对比。

这里指的是以前的事情。

答案：B
40．A.close B．near
C．live D．friendly
解析：社会没有了老风味，而这老风味曾使人们紧密联系在一起。

答案：A
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife a nd children.He owned 41.________farm，which looked almost abandoned. 42.________(lucky)，he also had a
cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby 43.________other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 44.________(leave)．The cow was their only means of support，in fact.One day，the cow was eating grass 45.________it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away，she 46.________(fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living 47.________the cow.In order to support his family，Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 48.________(sell)the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes，he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market 49.________people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to 50.________that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【语篇解读】约翰逊先生一家人靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是在一次意外中奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法继续生活。

他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。

上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了一扇门。

41．解析：句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。

a 是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。

根据文意可知，约翰逊先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。

故填a。

答案：a
42．解析：句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。

luckily副词，幸运的是。

根据文意可知，约翰逊先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。

但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。

这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。

答案：Luckily
43．解析：句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物。

本句话中exchange 的意思是交换，根据句意可知，约翰逊先生用牛奶来换其他食物。

这里是用短语exchange...for...，故填介词for。

答案：for
44．解析：句意：他去附近的镇上卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。

leave离开，剩下，留下。

根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。

除去卖掉的和换其他食物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。

这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。

答案：was left
45．解析：句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。

when是并列连词，意思是“正在这时”。

这句话使用的句型是be doing sth when...“正在做某事这时……”。

答案：when
46．解析：句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下山死了。

fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。

答案：fell
47．解析：句意：奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不继续生活。

without“除……外，没有”。

根据文意可知，奶牛在慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此约翰逊先生就没有了可供谋生的奶牛。

故填without。

答案：without
48．解析：句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，约翰逊先生就开始砍树来卖木头。

sell“卖，销售”。

根据文意可知，约翰逊先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木材。

这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。

答案：to sell
49．解析：句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。

where 在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the market。

答案：where
50．解析：句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。

It occurred to sb that...“某人突然发现……”，这是一个固定句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生，故填him。

答案：him
第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)画掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Wang Peng and Yong Hui are couples.Before they got married, they opened their own restaurants and competed for each other.Wang Peng thought his meal was good and his restaurant ought to be full of people, and people went to a newly－opened restaurant belonging to Yong Hui.
Curiosity drove him inside his restaurant.But there were few choices of food and drink on the menu, which making people slim.He couldn't have Yong Hui get away
with telling people lies.After doing research on, he realized what was wrong with her restaurant.Then he won his customers back by using a discount and a new sign.But Yong Hui came to his restaurant glaring him angrily.Wang Peng thought her menu was too limiting, and advised her to try a meal.They chatted and thought they should combine their idea and provide a balanced diet with food full of energy and fibre.After some time, they cooperated and got married, working and living together happy.
答案：
Wang Peng and Yong Hui are couples.Before they got married, they opened their
own restaurants and competed for against/with each other.Wang Peng thought his meal was good and his restaurant ought to be full of people,
and but people went to a newly －opened restaurant belonging to Yong Hui.
Curiosity drove him inside his her
restaurant.But there were few choices of food and drink on the menu, which making made people slim.He couldn't have Yong Hui get getting
away with telling people lies.After doing research ， he realized what was wrong with her restaurant.Then he won his customers back by using a discount and a new sign.But Yong Hui came to his restaurant glaring him angrily.Wang Peng thought her menu was too limiting limited
， and advised her to try a meal.They chatted and thought they should combine their idea ideas
and provide a balanced diet with food full of energy and fibre.After some time, they cooperated and got married, working and living
together happy happily
. 第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是李华， 你的笔友Jane 最近总是感觉身体不适，因此写信向你询问如何保持身体健康， 请你根据以下要点提示用英文给他回信。

【写作要点】
1．合理饮食，避免吃脂肪高及含糖多的食物，多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果；
2．锻炼身体，合理锻炼有助身体健康；
3．保证充足睡眠，不要熬夜；
4．你的其他建议……
注意：
1．信的开头和结尾已给出不计入总词数，可适当增加细节；
2．字数100左右。

Dear Jane，
I'm glad to receive your letter, But at the same time, I'm sorry to hear that you are not very well these days.______________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua 答案：
Dear_Jane，
I'm_glad_to_receive_your_letter.But_at_the_same_time,_I'm_sorry_to_hear_tha t_you_are_not_very_well_these_days. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy.Here is my advice.
Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet.You should avoid eating food high in fat and too much sweet food.You'd better eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build (up) a strong body.Why not take more exercise in your spare time? As we all know, regular exercise is an important part of keeping us healthy.Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night.
By eating properly and exercising regularly, you can keep your body at a proper weight and stay healthy.I truly hope my advice is helpful and you'll get well soon.
Best wishes!
Yours_sincerely，
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