高考英语热点素材延深拓展(原创)：Medichine：From Leeches to Lasers(含改编高考题型)

2020届高考英语备考素材
从2019年的高考试卷来看，各科的试题命制越来越凸显以核心素养为导向的命题原则。

英语高考题更是体现了鲜明的学科核心素养（语言能力、思维品质、文化意识、学习能力）。

从近三年的全国卷英语高考题型来看，说明文和应用文考查频率极高。

下文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了不同国家在不同时期的药物发展史。

下面将根据文章的内容并结合当前社会热点进行不同题型的命制，同时通过题型的命制和创新来预测2020年英语高考题和提高考生的备考能力、应变能力以及学习能力。

Medicine: From Leeches to Lasers
What do lasers, leeches, tree bark, and old bread have in common? They are all things that people use to make medicine or to help sick people feel better. Throughout history, people have searched for ways to live healthier and better lives. As early as 8000B.C. , people were experimenting with methods of helping sick people. Today, we have very modern technology, yet we continue to look for ways to improve medicine and our system of health care.
The history of medicine extends back thousands of years. We know that, from the earliest times, people used plants as medicine. Scientists have also found evidence that people experimented with surgery 10,000 years ago.
People haven’t always gone to doctors to get medical help. In Egypt around 3000B.C. , people went to their priests when they felt sick. That was because many Egyptians believed that the gods made people sick when they were angry with them. Common remedies in Egypt at this time included garlic and onions to prevent epidemics and moldy bread to heal wounds. Around this time, however, people in Egypt were also learning more about sanitation. Archaeologists there have found ruins of elaborate bathrooms and sewerage system.
In Greece in 410B.C. , a man named Hippocrates concluded that people became sick for natural reasons, not because the gods were angry. He also believed that there was a connection between diet and health. During his time, doctors prescribed massage, special diets, and baths as medical treatments for their patients.
In China and other Asian countries, doctors developed acupuncture as a method of treating sickness and pain. Acupuncture uses needles to help the human body fight pain and disease. Doctors have used this method for thousands of years, and many still use it today.
During the Middle Ages(400-1500A.D.), a few medical schools and hospitals opened in Europe. At this time, however, doctors considered themselves to be primarily observers of patients. For them, surgery was a menial task, something a barber should do. One common medical treatment during the Middle Ages was the use of leeches to remove “bad blood” from people. Doctors thought this “bloodletting”was good for many illnesses. Unfortunately, many plagues spread through Europe at that time. Doctors could not cure these diseases, and one quarter of the population of Europe died. It didn’t help that, in the Middle Ages, many people believed that bathing could be fatal. It wasn’t uncommon for people to bathe just once a year!
After the innovation of the printing press in the mid-fifteenth century, books on health and medicine became available. Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings of the human body, including all the muscles, helped doctors tremendously. Understanding the human body helped doctors treat
sicknesses and make people feel better.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many remarkable discoveries were made in medicine. These discoveries saved the lives of millions of people around the world. For example, in 1895, a German doctor named Roentgen developed the X-ray medicine. In 1928, the English scientist Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic. Fleming discovered penicillin growing in mold on an old piece of bread!
Great advances in the technology of medicine continue to be made. Today, doctors can save people’s lives by giving them a new heart or a new kidney. Hospitals now have large computers and medicines that help doctors diagnose medical problems.
Although modern medicine is making many new treatments possible, doctors are learning that some of the old ways are useful too. For example, doctors are now paying more attention to the connection between diet and health. Even the leech has found a place in modern medicine. In certain kinds of surgery, up-to-data surgeons are using leeches to prevent a patient’s arteries from getting plugged up.
Some people believe that nature has all of the cures for human problems. Others believe that technology is more helpful. It just might be that, together, tradition and technology will help people everywhere live better and healthier lives.
名词解释:
laser: a device that produces a powerful, highly controlled, narrow beam of light
激光仪
leech: a type of worm that sucks or takes in , blood 水蛭，蚂蟥
priest: a person, usually a man, who has been trained to perform religious duties in the Christian Church, especially the Roman Catholic Church, or a person with particular duties in some other religions 牧师，神职人员
epidemic: the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time 流行病，传染
archaeologist: someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past 考古学家
Hippocrates: an ancient Greek scientist who studied and taught medicine 希波克拉底
（More examples about Hippocrates:
①In 360 BC, Hippocrates , the father of medicine, wrote about scurvy.
②From two to three thousand years ago, fatal malaria was described in Homer's Iliad, and then in the writings of Plato, Aristotle and Hippocrates.
③In ancient Greece, Hippocrates recorded tuberculosis as the most widespread diseaseand almost always fatal.
④Hippocrates called olive oil the "great therapeutic".）
the Middle Ages: a period in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the powerof kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was strong 中世纪
“bad blood”: ①feelings of hate between people because of arguments in the past 仇恨
②坏血病，败血症
Leonardo da Vinci: 列奥纳多达芬奇——欧洲文艺复兴时期的天才科学家、发明家、画家。

现代学者称他为"文艺复兴时期最完美的代表"，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大
的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》、《岩间圣母》等作品，体现了他
精湛的艺术造诣。

他认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家
应以人为绘画对象的核心。

Roentgen: 伦琴——德国物理学家。

1895年11月8日发现了X射线，为开创医疗影像技术铺平了道路，1901年被授予首次诺贝尔物理学奖。

Sir Alexand Fleming: 亚历山大弗莱明——英国细菌学家，生物化学家，微生物学家。

弗莱明1923年发现溶菌酶，1928年首先发现了青霉素。

后英国病理学家弗劳雷、德国生物化学家钱恩进一步研究改进，并成功的用于医治人的疾病，三人共获诺贝尔生理或医学奖。

penicillin: a type of antibiotic(= a medicine that kills bacteria) 盘尼西林，青霉素
预测题型一：阅读理解（C/D 篇）
从近三年全国卷的阅读理解命题题型来看，C/D 篇阅读文章的体裁以说明文为主，而且主要题材是科普类文章中的与科技有关的文章。

下面，以上文为依托命
制阅读理解文章一篇。

C
The history of medicine extends back thousands of years. We know that, from the earliest times, people used plants as medicine. Scientists have also found evidence that people experimented with surgery 10,000 years ago.
People haven’t always gone to doctors to get medical help. In Egypt around 3000B.C. , people went to their priests when they felt sick. That was because many Egyptians believed that the gods made people sick when they were angry with them. Common remedies in Egypt at this time included garlic and onions to prevent epidemics and moldy bread to heal wounds. Around this time, however, people in Egypt were also learning more about sanitation. Archaeologists there have found ruins of elaborate bathrooms and sewerage system.
In Greece in 410B.C. , a man named Hippocrates concluded that people became sick for natural reasons, not because the gods were angry. He also believed that there was a connection between diet and health. During his time, doctors prescribed massage, special diets, and baths as medical treatments for their patients.
During the Middle Ages(400-1500A.D.), a few medical schools and hospitals opened in Europe. At this time, however, doctors considered themselves to be primarily observers of patients.
For them, surgery was a menial task, something a barber should do. One common medical treatment during the Middle Ages was the use of leeches to remove “bad blood”from people.
Doctors thought this “bloodletting”was good for many illnesses. Unfortunately, many plagues spread through Europe at that time. Doctors could not cure these diseases, and one quarter of the population of Europe died. It didn’t help that, in the Middle Ages, many people believed that bathing could be fatal. It wasn’t uncommon for people to bathe just once a year!
After the innovation of the printing press in the mid-fifteenth century, books on health and medicine became available. Leonardo da Vinci’s drawings of the human body, including all the muscles, helped doctors tremendously. Understanding the human body helped doctors treat sicknesses and make people feel better.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, many remarkable discoveries were made in medicine. These discoveries saved the lives of millions of people around the world. For example,
in 1895, a German doctor named Roentgen developed the X-ray medicine. In 1928, the English scientist Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic. Fleming discovered penicillin growing in mold on an old piece of bread!
Great advances in the technology of medicine continue to be made. Today, doctors can save people’s lives by giving them a new heart or a new kidney. Hospitals now have large computers and medicines that help doctors diagnose medical problems.
Although modern medicine is making many new treatments possible, doctors are learning that some of the old ways are useful too. For example, doctors are now paying more attention to the connection between diet and health. Even the leech has found a place in modern medicine. In certain kinds of surgery, up-to-data surgeons are using leeches to prevent a patient’s arteries from getting plugged up.
Some people believe that nature has all of the cures for human problems. Others believe that technology is more helpful. It just might be that, together, tradition and technology will help people everywhere live better and healthier lives.
1.Why did Egyptians go to their priests for medical help instead of to their doctors?
A.Because there were seldom doctors at that time in Egypt.
B.Because they thought doctors were on behalf of evil powers.
C.Because they were convinced that their illnesses were caused by the gods.
D.Because the priests were rulers in Egypt at that time.
pared with the medical care in Egypt in 3000B.C. , which word can be used to best describe the medical care in Greece in 410B.C.?
A.Unreliable
B.Mysterious
C.Amazing
D.Scientific
3.What does the underlined word “sanitation” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.a kind of system
B.hygiene of environment
C.infrastructure
D.private facilities
4.What was strange about a doctor’s work in the Middle Ages in Europe?
A.To become a observer of patients
B.To open a hospital
C.To do surgeries
D.To use leeches to cure “bad blood”
5.What effect did the invention of the printing press have on medical care?
A.It made many masterpieces of painters become available.
B.It helped Leonardo da Vinci earn his living.
C.It promoted the advancement of modern technology.
D.It assisted sick people feel better laterally(侧面地).
6.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A.It’s a good idea that we combine the ancient useful treatments with modern ones.
B.Technology conquers everything.
C.Tradition comes First.
D.No tradition, no technology.
答案CDBCDA
预测题型二：语法填空
英语学科核心素养之一文化意识，旨在帮助考生树立正确的家国情怀，增强
对优秀传统文化的认同，同时也认同国外的优秀文化传统。

阅读材料中出现
了acupuncture（针灸）。

针灸是我国悠久的医疗方法，属于我国的优秀传统
文化，故可以此为题材，命制一篇语法填空。

Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Southwest China's Guizhou province recently 1 (hold) an acupuncture workshop that concluded on Nov 7, 2 which 42 students and medical workers involved in traditional Chinese medicine from Brazil 3 (take) part.
The workshop designed acupuncture courses and clinical supervision 4 (allow) the trainees to learn clinical diagnosis and treatment 5 (method) for difficult illness cases.
This year 6 (mark)the 45th anniversary of the 7 (establish)of diplomatic relations 8 China and Brazil. Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine also hopes to promote acupuncture in Brazil, as Brazil has great demand 9 the application of acupuncture in treating diseases caused by pain and cosmetology.
The university will carry on the exchange with Brazil's traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture association and looks forward to (far)cooperation on traditional Chinese medicine with Brazil in the future.
答案 1.held 2.in 3.took 4.to allow 5.methods 6.marks 7.establishment 8.between 9.for 10.further
预测题型三：书面表达
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jared近来给你写信说想要了解中国的传统医疗
方法——针灸，以及他希望你能推荐一本与中国传统医药学有关的书籍，方便
他阅读。

现在你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1.表示高兴
2.简要介绍针灸疗法（形状、如何使用、功效等）
3.推荐相关书籍
4.表示鼓励
注意：1.词数100词左右
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

相关词汇：针灸acupuncture
Dear Jared,
How’s everything going recently? I’m glad to....
Yours, sincerely
Li Hua
考点预测之介词（preposition）
介词的考查在高考中通常以语法填空和短文改错的形式出现。

Put the right preposition in each blank.
1.What do lasers, leeches, tree bark, and old bread have common?
2.Throughout history, people have searched ways to live healthier and better lives.
3.In China and other Asian countries, doctors developed acupuncture a method treating sickness and pain.
4.Doctors have used this method thousands of years.
5.After the invention the printing press the mid-nineteenth century, books health and medicine became available.
6.Great advances the technology medicine continue to be made.
7.Today, doctors can save people’s lives giving them a new heart.
答案 1.in 2.for 3.as;of 4.for 5.of;in;on 6.in;of 7.by
下面是一些创新题型，适合学有余力和英语能力较强的学生，以训练备考能
力和应变能力。

创新题型一：Matching Meanings
Directions: Here are ten words on the left and twelve meanings of words on the right. You should to choose the right meanings from the right to match the equivalent words.
o ld a.needing little skill or education; low-skill
moldy b.causing disasters and failure; deadly
sanitation c.to shoot someone with a gun
sewerage d.has rotten and inedible
prescribe e.a medicine that can destroy harmful bacteria
menial f.having a fungus
remedy g.for the removal of waste
fatal h.having moods that change quickly and often
plug i.ways to keep things clean and germ-free
antibiotic j.to say what medicine treatment someone should have
k.a successful way of curing an illness
l.physically weak and thin
答案d f i g j a k b c e
创新题型二：The Cloze
Directions: Choose the right answers from the following frame to fill in the blank.
In the year 400C.E., the Celts and Britons were 1 by the Romans. This had one benefit for the Celts—the Romans protected them from barbarian Saxon tribes of Northern Europe. But then the Roman Empire began to 2 , and the Romans withdrew from Briton. With the Romans gone, the Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and Frisians quickly 3 cross the water did away with the Celts and formed kingdoms in the British Isles. For several centuries, these tribes lived in Briton, and their Germanic language, Anglo Saxon became the common language,
what we call “Old English”. Although modern English speakers may think old English sounds like a different language. If you look and listen closely, you will find many words that are 4 . For example, here is what the Lord’s Prayer looks looks like in Old English. At first glance, you may be unfamiliar, but 5 the spelling a bit, and you’ll see many common English words. So the centuries passed with Britons happily speaking Old English. But in 700s, a series of Viking 6 began, which continued until a 7 split the island in half. On one side were the Saxons, on the other side were the Danes who spoke a language called Old Norse. As the Saxons fell in love with the cute Danish neighbors and marriages 8 the boundaries, Old Norse mixed with Old English, and many Old Norse Words, like “freckle”, “leg”, “root”, “skin”, “want” are still a part of our language. 300 years later in 1066, the Norman conquest 9 war against the British Isles. The Normans were Vikings who settled in France. They had abandoned Viking language and culture in favor of French lifestyle, but they still fought like Vikings. They placed a Norman King on the English 10 , and for three centuries, the French was the language of the British royalty. Society in Briton came to have two levels: French-speaking 11 and old English-speaking 12 . The French also brought many Roman Catholic clergymen with them who added the Latin words to the mix. Old English adapted and grew as thousands of language 13 in, many having to do with government, law, and aristocracy. Words like “council”, “marriage”, “sovereign”, “govern”, “damage”, “parliament”. As language 14 , English speakers realized what to do if they wanted to be sound 15 : they would use words that had come from French or Latin. Anglo Saxon words seemed so plain like the Anglo Saxon peasants who spoke them.
A.crumble
B.recognizable
C.blurred
D.ruled
E.expanded
F.sailed
G.flowed
H.update
I.invasions
J.throne
K.sophisticated
L.brought
M.treaty
N.peasants O.aristocracy
答案D A F B H I M C L J O N G E K
创新题型三：判断题（参考雅思题型）
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage Medicine: From Leeches to Lasers?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
答案1.Not Given 2.False 3.False 4.Not Given 5.Not Given 6.False
7.True 8.True 9.False 10.False。