宾语从句与感叹句

一、感叹句
1.感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。

what
修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，
2.感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语How +形容词+ a +名词+主语+谓语
What + a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
What an interesting story it is!What fine weather it is!What beautiful flowers they are!
【说明】在感叹句中，What a / an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。

what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。

但有些不可数名词，如rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用what a / an，如：
What a heavy rain it is!What a great surprise it is!What a rich breakfast it is!
3.感叹句的省略
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。

What a naughty boy（he is）!
4.陈述句变感叹句：
陈述句变为感叹句，可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。

一断：
将原来的陈述句断成两部分，在谓语动词后断开。

二加：
加适当的感叹词，断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词，则要加what；如果是形容词或副词，则要加how。

如有very, too, quite等词应去掉。

三换位：
把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。

注意句中有关单词的大小写。

四改号：
把原来的句号改为感叹号。

He is a good student. ------ He is / a good student. ------ He is (what) a good student. ----- What a good student he is.------ What a good student he is！
She works very hard. ---- She works / very hard. ---- She works (how) hard. ---- How hard she works.
------ How hard she works!
xx：
用what, what a/an, how填空：
1. ____ nice skirt it is!
2. ____ interesting the film is!
3. ____ beautiful the park are!
4. ____ delicious food it is!
5. ____ careless the man is!
6. ____ wonderful ideas!
7. ____ lovely the baby is!
8. ____ cold weather it is!
9. ____ clever boy (he is)!
10. ____ interesting film this is!
把下列句子改为感叹句：
1.How lazy the boy is!
2.What an exciting movie it is!
11. Look! ____fast the boy is running!
12. ____cold day it was yesterday!
13. ____heavy the box is! I can’t carry it.
14. ____interesting story he told us!
15. ____nice the mooncakes are!
16. ____bad weather!
17. ____clever children all of you are!
18. ____important news that is!
19. ____time flies!
20. ____beautiful flowers you bought me!
3.What delicious apples they are!
4.How pure the water is!
5．What a careful woman she is!
6．They are running fast.
7．Her sister is a very lovely girl.
选择题：
1. _______ fine the weather is!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
2.___ food you’ve cooked!a. How a niceb. What a nicec. How niced. What nice
3. _______ great fun they had!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
4. ______ heavy rain it was!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
5. ______ fun place to go Shanghai is!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
6. _____ happy life the old live!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
7. ______ nice fish they cooked!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
8. ______ blue the sky is!a. What ab. Whatc. Howd. How a
9. ___ useful work you did!a. Whatb. Howc. What ad. How a
10. _____ time you had!a. What goodb. How goodc. What a goodd. How a good time
11. ___ exciting moment it is!a. Whatb. Howc. What ad. What an
12. ___ nice shoes!a. Whatb. Howc. What ad. How a
13. ___ she sings!a. How wellb. How goodc. What welld. What good
14. ___ fast the boys are running!a. Whatb. Howc. What ad. How a
15. ___ the school is!a. What bigc. How bigc. What a bigd. How a big
二、宾语从句
1、概念：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类：
动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。

2、宾语从句的连接词
1）从属连词主要有：
that；if；whether。

that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，常省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。

He told that he would go to the college the next year.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.2）连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,which，whoever，whatever, whichever等，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Idon’t know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
3）连接副词主要有when, where, why, how等，在从句中充当状语。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.Could you please tell me how you get to the new hotel?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则：
看这个引导词的具体词汇意义；
看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。

3、动词的宾语从句
1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。

2.）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句
make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
4、介词的宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
5、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised.
I am sure I will pass the exam.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
6、if, whether在宾语从句中的区别
①介词后一般不用if
②whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
③在不定式前只能用whether。

如：
I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能决定是否留下。

7、宾语从句的时态
1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
2）当主句为过去时的时候，从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。

如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化。

The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑问，且句中含有do you think/believe等时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首。

Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
A. if; Whether
B. whether; Whether
C. if; That
D. if; If
2. I don't know _____ the day after tomorrow.
3. Could you tell me _____ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend
B. what did he mend
C. how he mended
D. what he mended
4. I want to know _____.
A. whom is she looking after
B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking
D. whom she is looking after
5. The small children don't know _____.
A. what is their stockings in
B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in
D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean
B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does
D. what Christmas means
11. The students want to know whether they______ dictation today.
A. had
B. has
C. will have
D. are
12. I hardly understand. _____ he has told me.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. who
13. They don't know _____ their parents are.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. which
14. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper ___ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that
B. how
C. what
D. if
A. why
B. when
C. how
D. where
16.—We never know ___ the old man is.—They say he is a teacher.（鄂州市）
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. where
A. that how
B. how that
C. when that
D. that when
18. He asked me__ I was sure my mother__.
A.／; bought
B. has; bought
C. did; buy
D. does; buy
20.—Where is Jack?
—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure ___.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. there
21. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿round.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
22. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿the basketball match.
A. win
B. won
C. will win
D. wins
23. I don’t know＿＿＿＿to visit the old man.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. who
24. __ Tomdidn’tgo to school?
A. Do you know how
B. Why do you know
C. How you know why
D. Do you know why
25. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）Could you tell us _____ Mr. Brown _____ living in China?
26. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _____ the train _____.
Li Lei wants to know _____ Peter _____ here yesterday.。