2017-2018学年高中英语选修9单元质量检测三 Unit 3 Au

单元质量检测(三)Unit 3Australia
(满分：100分时间：90分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．They are building the bridge in________with another firm.
A．comparison B．association C．touch D．connection
2．His explanation did not seem________to account for what had happened.
A．accurate B．urgent C．adequate D．reason
3．________the wise leadership of the Party，we have achieved great success during the past two decades.
A．Owing to B．On account C．Because D．Due to
4．The TV programme has________on the children as ________ as the old.
A．a good effect；good B．a positive effect；well
C．a good affect；well D．affect；well
5．Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't________so much noise.
A．resist B．sustain C．tolerate D．undergo
6．—What do you think I should do?
—I think you should call him back________.
A．in every respect B．out of respect
C．with respect D．in several respects
7．To whom do we________the discovery of penicillin?
A．pay B．thanks C．owe D．afford
8．The enemy became________at the defeat; they could do nothing but give in.
A．striking B．cosy C．misleading D．desperate
9．—Where did you get to know the professor over there?
—It was at the workshop________we did research together two years ago.
A．that B．there C．which D．where
10．Most stores say that they daren't________prices________for fear of losing their customers.
A．put；up B．set；up C．make；up D．turn；up
Ⅱ.完形填空(共30小题；A篇每小题1分，B篇每小题1.5分，满分40分)
A
At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, Bill Havens was on the four-man canoe team of the United States.
As the Olympics neared, it became clear that Bill's wife would give birth to their first child
about the time that the U. S. team would be __11__ in the Paris Olympics. In 1924 there were no jet airliners from Paris to the United States, only __12__ ocean-going ships. And so Bill found himself in a __13__. Should he go to Paris and risk not being at his wife's side when their baby was born? Or should he withdraw from the team and remain with his family?
Bill's wife __14__ that he go to Paris. After all, competing in the Olympics is his lifelong __15__ . But Bill decided to withdraw from the competition and remain home, where he could __16__ his wife when the child arrived.
As it turned out, the United States' four-man canoe team won the gold medal. And Bill's wife was __17__ in giving birth to their child. Bill could have competed in the event and returned home in time to be with her when she gave birth.
People said, “What a shame！” But Bill said he had no __18__. For the rest of his life, he believed he had made the __19__ decision. Bill knew what was most __20__ to him.
11．A.practising B．competing C．entering D．trying
12．A.expensive B．crowded C．large D．slow
13．A.hurry B．puzzle C．dilemma D．trouble
14．plained B．preferred C．insisted D．promised
15．A.purpose B．struggle C．opportunity D．dream
16．A.support B．see C．comfort D．help
17．A.effortless B．sorry C．late D．hard
18．A.pains B．sufferings C．defeats D．regrets
19．A.better B．bigger C．worse D．more
20．A.obvious B．interesting C．important D．surprising
B
During Hurricane Sandy last year, the garage and basement of Christine
O'Donovan's house in New York were flooded, and two cars, years of
paperwork, and photos were __21__. Still, her husband, five children (aged 2 to
12), and an adopted dog named Buster remained __22__. Six months earlier,
she'd taken Buster __23__ after finding the six-month-old puppy left __24__ to a telephone pole.
Just a month later, __25__，as construction workers repaired the house, Buster dashed through the open front gate and __26__.“I was extremely sad，”O'Donovan says. All the searches for him were __27__. Weeks later, O'Donovan got a text from a friend, __28__ her to look at a Facebook page that lists __29__ scheduled to be killed at New York City shelters the next day. __30__ enough, when O'Donovan visited the website, there was a picture of Buster, who was apparently to be put to sleep eight __31__ later, early the next morning. The shelter was closed for the night and wouldn't __32__again to the public until 8 am. “I'm thinking, how am I going to get him __33__ they do this？” says O'Donovan. The next morning, she drove to the
__34__ with all five kids. She asked the woman at the front desk if Buster was still there. When the woman replied yes，“It was like a thousand pounds __35__ my shoulders，”says O'Donovan. To __36__ her ownership, she told the assistant, “__37__ me to the back where he is, and you will see he's my dog.” When Buster spotted his __38__，he went wild, barking, jumping and licking O'Donovan's face. She burst into __39__. The shelter worker needed nothing __40__ and Buster went home.
21．A.destroyed B．injured C．hurt D．exposed
22．A.dead B．lucky C．safe D．healthy
23．A.away B．home C．out D．up
24．A.stuck B．fixed C．joined D．tied
25．A.however B．but C．therefore D．nevertheless
26．A.died down B．showed up C．ran off D．rushed in
27．A.in place B．in vain C．by design D．by chance
28．A.wishing B．preventing C．stopping D．telling
29．A.people B．children C．animals D．Buster
30．A.Strangely B．Sadly C．Well D．Sure
31．A.days B．hours C．minutes D．weeks
32．A.open B．close C．work D．give
33．A.after B．since C．before D．when
34．A.dog B．shelter C．house D．website
35．A.lifted off B．put on C．went away D．came to
36．A.make B．give C．prove D．produce
37．A.Tell B．Take C．Help D．Bring
38．A.mother B．friend C．baby D．owner
39．ughter B．tears C．flames D．love
40．A.better B．best C．most D．more
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共25小题；每小题2分，满分50分)
A
It was early February and the new school year had just started. Mr Chisholm was talking about the process of selecting school captains. We were going to start with the nominations (提名); those nominated would speak at the next school gathering; then the whole school, around 300 youngsters, would vote for their choice of captains.
Firstly, Mr Chisholm called for the girl nominations. Names started going up on the blackboard. I had spent seven years with most of the young people in this class. Friends nominated friends. Mr Chisholm would call for a seconder and up would go an eager little hand to
say, “Yes, I'll second Jane，”and “Yes, I'll nominate Lizzy...”
But, slowly, my smile began to fade. My heart began to sink. Mr Chisholm was coming to the end of the process, and just about all the girls' names in the class were up on the blackboard —except mine.
I walked home that afternoon on automatic pilot. A sense of betrayal (背叛) — a feeling that I had never experienced before — overcame me. These were the people I'd thought were my friends for the past seven years.
The next day, I dragged myself to school and sat in class with fear. Finally, it was time to get on with the selection process and Mr Chisholm handed around a sheet of paper with those nominated for school captains. I looked at the sheet, and I looked again. My name was on the list!
How had my name got on that list? I immediately wondered if it was due to Mr Chisholm. But that turned out not to be the case.
Walking home that afternoon, I was chatting, as I did from time to time, with Margaret —though not terribly enthusiastically. Margaret, whom I had never classified as a friend, looked somewhat untidy, smelt just a little less than fresh and lived in a less than rich part of town. It was only occasionally that I walked part of the way home with Margaret. But it was she who had thought of me and had nominated me for the school captain. The real world and I were just about to start a lifelong relationship.
41．Who would decide the selection of school captains?
A．The school board. B．The students.
C．Margaret. D．Mr Chisholm.
42．The underlined word “seconder” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．next student B．friend C．teacher D．supporter
43．Why did the author feel betrayed?
A．She had never experienced such a feeling before.
B．She didn't get along well with the girls.
C．She had thought the girls would recommend her.
D．Mr Chisholm asked Margaret to help her out.
44．What can we know about Margaret?
A．She was the best friend of the author.
B．The author hadn't treated her as a friend.
C．She belonged to a rich family.
D．She needed a friend badly.
45．What can we infer from the passage?
A．A friend in need is a friend in deed.
B．If you'd be loved, be worthy to be loved.
C．A friend is a second self.
D．A friend without faults will never be found.
B
Arielle, 8 years old, says she's thankful for her late grandfather, Horace, and how funny he was. “I'm missing him，”she says. Her third-grade pal, over for dinner, chimes (插嘴) in, “I'm grateful for the juice.” Leela, who works for an educational non­profit group, and her husband Peter, burst into smiles. Appreciation for things big and small — that's why they do this.
Gratitude_works_like_a_muscle. Take time to recognize good fortune, and feelings of appreciation can increase. Parents need to model this behavior to build their children's gratitude muscle. “It's not what parents want to hear, but you cannot give your kids something that you yourselves do not have，” Dr. Emmons says.
“This may seem obvious, but it escapes many parents，” Dr. Watkins says. “I think the most important thing for us adults to realize is we're not very grateful either，” he says.
The mere act of giving thanks has concrete benefits, research suggests. A 2008 study of 221 kids published in the Journal of School Psychology analyzed sixth-and seventh-graders assigned to list five things they were grateful for every day for two weeks. It found they had a better outlook on school and greater life satisfaction three weeks later, compared with kids assigned to list five annoyances.
Another study examined 1,035 high school students. The study, published in 2010 in the Journal of Happiness Studies, found that those who showed high levels of gratitude, for instance, thankfulness for the beauty of nature and strong appreciation of other people, reported having less depression and envy and a more positive outlook.
Despite good intentions, some parents are struggling with how to stoke the giving fires in their children. It's an uphill battle. Everyday actions may be even more important than big efforts, researchers say. “Express gratitude to your kids” Hofstra's Dr. Froh says. “Parents say, ‘Why should I thank them for doing something they should do, like cleaning their room? ’By reinforcing this, kids will internalize the idea, and do it on their own.”
Still, Eastern Washington's Dr. Watkins cautions, “Don't push it down their throats.” His family gives thanks at Thanksgiving, but it's not a formal process. “Don't make this，‘It's your turn, so say something whether you feel it or not，’” he says.
46．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
A．explanation B．introduction C．comment D．background
47．What does the underlined sentence “Gratitude works like a muscle.” i n Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Gratitude is a beneficial way to strengthen kids' muscle.
B．Parents need to set a good example for their kids.
C．It takes time for feelings of appreciation to build up.
D．Some parents don't have enough gratitude.
48．What benefit can the act of giving thanks bring to children according to the studies?
A．A more positive attitude towards life.
B．More joy from the beauty of nature.
C．A better relationship with others.
D．More success and happiness.
49．To help children build gratitude, parents should not ________.
A．realize they're not very grateful
B．express thanks to their family members
C．show appreciation for things big and small
D．make it a rule to say “thank you”
50．The passage is probably written for ________.
A．parents B．children C．teachers D．researchers
C
Turning down temperatures at home and office may help you fight obesity, according to a new study published Wednesday in the U S journal Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism.
New evidence suggests that regular exposure to mild cold may be a healthy and sustainable way to help people lose weight, researchers from Maastricht University Medical Center in the Netherlands said. In other words, our warm and cozy homes and offices might be partly responsible for our expanding waistlines, they added.
“Since most of us are exposed to indoor conditions 90 percent of the time, it is worth exploring health aspects of surrounding temperatures ，”first author Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt of Maastricht University Medical Center said in a statement. “What would it mean if we let our bodies work again to control body temperature? We assume that the hot environment affects human health and more specifically that frequent mild cold exposure can significantly affect our energy consumption ov er sustained time periods.” Marken Lichtenbelt said they started studying the effects of mild cold about 10 years ago, mostly because it had received so little attention.
They found that a more variable indoor temperature, one that is allowed to drift along with temperatures outside, might be beneficial, although long-term effects still await further investigation.
A previous study from researchers in Japan revealed a decrease in body fat after people spent 2 hours per day at 17 degrees Celsius for six weeks.
The new study also found that people get used to the cold over time. After six hours a day in the cold for a period of 10 days, people in the study increased heat-generating, calorie-burning
brown fat, felt more comfortable and shivered less at 15 degrees Celsius.
At least in young and middle-aged people, non-shivering heat production can account for a few percent up to 30 percent of the body's energy budget, they said. That means lower temperatures can significantly affect the amount of energy a person consumes overall.
So perhaps, in addition to our exercise training, people need to train ourselves to spend more time in the cold, the researchers said.
Managing that in practice, however, might take some convincing. “Indoor temperature in most buildings is regulated to minimize the percentage of people dissatisfied，”the researchers wrote.
“This results in relatively high indoor temperatures in wintertime. This is evident in offices, in houses and is most noticeable in care centers and hospitals. By lack of exposure to a varied temperature around, whole populations may be easy to develop diseases like obesity. In addition, people become defenseless to sudden changes in surrounding temperature.”
51．What should you do if you want to lose weight according to the passage?
A．Try to make your room and office very cold.
B．Keep your room warm and cozy.
C．Let your body work to control body temperature.
D．Stay indoors as long as you can.
52．What information about the research of Marken Lichtenbelt can't be learnt from the passage?
A．It was started ten years ago.
B．It suggests people spend 2 hours per day at 17 degrees Celsius.
C．It is not sure about the long-term effect of staying in mild cold indoors.
D．It shows mild cold temperature is more appropriate for the young and middle-aged people.
53．How does lower temperature affect people's weight?
A．By reducing the amount of the food a person eats.
B．By slowing a person's blood circulation.
C．By decreasing a person's movement as a result of feeling cold.
D．By using more energy because of producing heat.
54．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Practising staying in mild coldness may help one adjust to sudden temperature changes.
B．Temperatures should be lowered in care centers and hospitals.
C．Human beings are easy to develop diseases.
D．All people are unable to adapt to sudden weather changes.
55．Where can you most probably read this passage?
A．In a weather report. B．In a geography book.
C．In a science magazine. D．In a TV talk show.
D
The word “castle” came from the Latin word “castellum”. Castle was supposed to be a place where prisoners stayed. Interestingly, it was in these castles that some lords (贵族) could hold entertainment programs.
Originally built for the purposes of defense, they soon came to be
built as comfortable homes for kings. The Windsor Castle stands as an
example of a castle built for defense purposes, which now is the
residence of the British Queen.
A curtain wall surrounded castles of the olden days. There were
many gates for the castle and a drawbridge (活动吊桥) guarding the main entrance. This made it difficult for the enemies to enter the castle. Apart from being the place of safety, the castle was also a symbol of its owner's status (地位)．
In the 9th century, some of the earliest castles were built. Wood, earth and stone were used in their construction. Many of the Roman constructions were changed into castles during the Middle Ages. Stone began to replace wood with the need of better protection in the 10th century.
As time went by, castles were improved and made perfect. Castles were then the residences of lords, a protection for their followers. In the 11th century, the British Isles were introduced to castles. With his Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror changed the building of castles to protect lands.
Every construction is involved with human. It requires human's power to imagine the structure and the creativity in human hands, which bring the idea into reality. Castles couldn't be an exception. The construction required engineers. In spite of the introduction of medieval (中世纪的) machines to the process of construction, castles would often take years to complete. In case of shortage of stones, castles were built of bricks. Brick castles are prominent in the Scandinavian regions.
In the past, castles were constructions meant to serve military (军事的) purposes. The style of their construction changed as time went by. Today, many castles in different parts of the world are tourist attractions.
56．The author mentions Windsor Castle in Paragraph 2 to ________.
A．tell us what people originally built castles for
B．show how people began to build castles
C．prove the influence of castles on politics
D．prove that castles are still popular worldwide
57．When did people use stone in place of wood in the construction of a castle?
A．In the 9th century. B．In the 10th century.
C．In the 11th century. D．In the medieval period.
58．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Wood castles were widely built in the Scandinavian regions.
B．Visitors can see drawbridges guarding all the gates of a castle.
C．Castles are sometimes considered to be the masterpiece of nature.
D．Norman Conquest had an influence on the purpose of building castles.
59．Nowadays, many castles in different parts of the world ________.
A．are still used for military purposes
B．are used as tourist attractions
C．are still the living places for lords
D．are changed to protect lands from enemies
60．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the popularity of castles B．the function of castles
C．the history of castles D．the owner of castles
E
Carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) poisoning kills and injures many people and animals around the world. The gas has been a problem since people first began burning fuels to cook food or to create heat. It is a problem in all parts of the world that experience cold weather.
Carbon monoxide is called the silent killer because people do not know it is in the air. The gas has no color. It has no taste. It has no smell. It does not cause burning eyes. And it does not cause people to cough. But it is very deadly. It robs the body of its ability to use oxygen.
Carbon monoxide decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body tissues. It does this by linking with the blood. When the gas links with the blood, the blood is no longer able to carry oxygen to the tissues that need it.
Damage to the body can begin very quickly from large amounts of carbon monoxide. How quickly this happens depends on the length of time a person is breathing the gas and the amount of the gas he or she breathes in.
Carbon monoxide poisoning has warning signs. But people have to be awake to recognize them. Small amounts of the gas will cause a person's head to hurt. He or she may begin to feel tired. The person may feel sick. The room may appear to be turning around. The person may have trouble thinking clearly. People develop severe head pains as the amount of the gas continues to enter their blood. They will begin to feel very tired and sleepy. They may have terrible stomach pains.
Medical experts say carbon monoxide affects people differently. For example, a small child will experience health problems or die much quicker than an adult will. The general health of the
person or his or her age can also be important. An older adult with health problems may suffer the effects of carbon monoxide more quickly than a younger person with no health problems. People with heart disease may suffer chest pains. They may begin to have trouble breathing.
61．Why is carbon monoxide called the silent killer?
A．Because it tastes and smells good.
B．Because it is not easily noticed.
C．Because it kills and injures people.
D．Because it always harms people.
62．How does carbon monoxide harm people?
A．It makes people's blood unable to move.
B．It decreases the amount of blood in the body.
C．It makes body tissues full of blood.
D．It makes the blood less able to carry oxygen.
63．When people breathe in small amounts of the gas, they may________.
A．feel a little dizzy B．suffer a severe headache
C．go around in the room D．have a terrible stomachache
64．Which of the following about carbon monoxide poisoning is TRUE?
A．Adults are affected more seriously than children.
B．Young people are more severely affected than old people.
C．People in poor health may have severer consequences.
D．People with heart problems only suffer from chest pains.
65．The purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．warn people not to burn fuels to keep warm in the winter
B．list the damage that carbon monoxide brings to people
C．give advice on how to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
D．introduce some knowledge about carbon monoxide poisoning
答案
1．选B句意：他们与另一家公司联合建这座桥。

in comparison with和……比较；in association with与……联合；in touch with和……有联系；in connection with 与……衔接。

故B项符合句意。

2．选C句意：他的解释似乎不足以说明事情发生的原因。

accurate准确无误的；urgent 紧急的；adequate充分的；reason n．原因，理由。

故C项符合句意。

3．选A on account of，because of，due to和owing to都有“由于”的意思，但due to
一般不放于句首，所以选A项。

4．选B have an effect on“对……有影响”；as well as“也，又”。

故选B项。

5．选C句意：一些老人不喜欢流行歌曲，因为他们忍受不了巨大的噪音。

tolerate忍受，符合句意。

resist拒绝；sustain维持，支撑；undergo经历。

6．选B答句句意：我想你应该给他回个电话。

A、D两项中的respect意思是“方面”；with respect尊敬地。

故B项符合句意。

7．选C owe...to...“把……归功于……”。

8．选D句意：敌人因被打败而绝望了，他们只好投降。

striking惊人的，显著的；cosy 舒适的；misleading误解的；desperate绝望的。

故D项符合句意。

9．选D考查定语从句。

此句是强调句的省略，即It was at the workshop that I got to know him。

由此可知，空白处为关系副词，表示进行研究的地点。

故用where引导定语从句。

10．选A考查动词短语辨析。

句意：大多数商店说他们不敢提高物价，因为害怕失去客户。

put...up“抬高，提高(物价)”，符合句意。

set...up竖立起来，建立，成立；make...up 杜撰，编造，化妆，组成，构成；turn...up找到，发现，出现，露面。

语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议的文章。

在1924年奥运会上，Bill Havens要参加四人划艇比赛，本来他很有希望跟队友一起夺得金牌，但为了即将分娩的妻子，他还是选择放弃了比赛。

他从没有为此感到后悔，而且觉得这是自己所作的更好的决定。

11．选B根据语境可知，他和队友将参加四人划艇的比赛，A项仅仅是“练习”。

12．选D跟前文的“jet airliners”形成对比，在海上坐船速度很“慢”。

13．选C他是参加比赛，还是待在家里陪护妻子？他陷入了“两难的境地”。

故选C。

14．选C从后面从句的谓语动词形式可推断，此处应该用能跟虚拟语气结构连用的动词，只有insist符合要求。

complain“抱怨”；prefer“更喜欢”；promise“承诺”。

15．选D根据语境可知，参加奥运会是他毕生的“梦想”。

C项表示“机遇”，不合逻辑，因为参加奥运会不一定是一生中仅有的机会。

16．选A他最终决定留在家里来照顾妻子，支持妻子，如选C项，则含有他妻子心情不好的意思，但前文说他妻子坚持要他去参加比赛，并没有显示出她心情不好。

17．选C后文有提示，他妻子晚产了。

18．选D从文章最后一段可知，虽然错过了比赛，但他并没有后悔，“痛苦”“折磨”“失败”都不符合此处的语境。

19．选A他感觉这是他所作的更好的决定，还是强调他不后悔。

20．选C他知道什么对他来说最重要。

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人通过网络找到遗失的宠物狗，及时救了它的性命，使其免于被屠宰，体现了宠物和主人之间真挚的情感。

21．选A根据前面的叙述可知，飓风桑迪的破坏性很大。

destroy“破坏，毁坏”，符
合语境。

22．选C由句首的“Still”可知，上文说到东西被毁了，此处表示与之相反的事，即家人和宠物狗还安全，因此选safe。

23．选B六个月前O'Donovan发现一个六个月大的小狗崽被绑在电线杆上，于是就把它带回了家。

上文提到Buster是被收留的，故选B。

24．选D参见上题解析。

tie ... to ...“把……绑在……上”，符合语境。

25．选A根据上下文可知，此处表示转折。

小狗被领回了家，但是一个月后又走失了。

因此选however。

26．选C从下文的“I was extremely sad”可知，小狗跑掉了。

run off“跑掉”，符合语境。

27．选B从下文可知，到处都没有找到Buster，所以寻找是徒劳的。

in place“在正确位置，准备妥当”；in vain“徒劳无益，白费力气”；by design“故意地”；by chance“偶然”。

根据语境可知，应选B项。

28．选D根据句中的“O'Donovan got a text from a friend”可知，应用telling。

29．选C根据语境可知，网站上登出了一些动物的照片，这些动物第二天要被屠宰，因此选animals。

30．选D Sure enough“果真，果然”，表示不出所料，里面有Buster。

31．选B此处表示预计8个小时以后，小狗就要被屠宰，因此选hours。

32．选A根据句中的“The shelter was closed for the night”可知，收容所直到第二天上午8点才对公众开放。

be open to“向……开放”，符合语境。

33．选C为了解救Buster, O'Donovan必须在他们杀它之前想办法，所以用before。

34．选B此处表示O'Donovan开车带着孩子们去了动物收容所，因此选shelter。

35．选A听说小狗还在那里，作者如释重负。

lift ... off表示“将……移去，拿掉”，符合语境。

put on“穿上，上演”；go away“走开，离开”；come to“总计”。

36．选C从下文的“she told the assistant ... the back where he is”可知，作者这样做是为了证明她是小狗的主人。

prove“证明”，符合语境。

37．选B此处表示作者要求助理带她到小狗待的地方看看。

take“带去，引领”，符合语境。

38．选D从下文的“he went wild, barking, jumping and licking”可知，Buster见到了自己的主人。

owner“主人”，符合语境。

39．选B burst into tears表示“大哭起来”，符合语境。

40．选D工作人员不需要更多的东西证明O'Donovan就是小狗的主人，因此选more。

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公在一次班级提名活动中的经历：最初她以为班上那些与自己“交情甚好”的女孩会推荐自己，结果恰恰相反，Margaret，一个自己一直
不把她当朋友且看不起的女孩，在自己最需要的时候帮了自己。

41．选B细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句中的“the whole school, around 300 youngsters, would vote for their choice of captains”可得出答案。

42．选D词义猜测题。

根据画线词后的“and up would go an eager little hand to say, ‘Yes, I'll second Jane，’”可知，seconder指的是“支持者”。

故答案为D。

43．选C推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“These were the people I'd thought were my friends for the past seven years.”以及第三段中的“all the girls' names ... except mine”可知答案为C。

44．选B细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Margaret, whom I had never classified as a friend”可知，作者以前没有把Margaret当成朋友。

45．选A推理判断题。

本文重在讲述作者一直不把她当朋友的一个女孩在作者最需要的时候帮助了作者的故事。

由此我们可得出“患难朋友才是真朋友”这个道理，故A项正确。

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。

感恩之心有助于孩子养成积极的人生观，父母应该以身作则培养孩子的感恩之心。

46．选B细节理解题。

由第一段内容可知，本段主要通过对生活场景的描述引出本文的话题，最后一句话起到了引领全文的作用。

47．选C句意理解题。

根据该段第二、三句话可知，此处说的是感激就像肌肉，需要时间培养，所以父母应该以身作则，花时间建立孩子的感恩之心。

48．选A细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“It found they had a better outlook ...”和第五段中的“a more positive outlook”可知答案为A。

49．选D细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Don't push it down their throats.”可知，父母不要强迫孩子表达感恩之情。

50．选A推理判断题。

全文主要围绕父母应该以身作则培养孩子的感恩之心这一话题展开论述，由此可推断本文是为父母写的。

语篇解读：保持室内适度低温可有助于让身体自身调节体温，从而消耗脂肪以达到减肥的目的。

51．选C推理判断题。

通读全文可知，保持室内适度低温，可有助于让身体自身调节体温从而消耗脂肪以达到减肥的目的。

故选择C项。

52．选B细节理解题。

根据第五段的内容可知，B项不是Marken Lichtenbelt的研究结果。

53．选D细节理解题。

根据倒数第五段和第六段的内容可知，在低温环境下，人体会增加热量的产生同时会消耗更多的能量。

所以D项正确。

54．选A推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后两句话可知，由于缺乏接触多变的温度所有人都容易患上像肥胖这样的疾病，并且对周围温度的突然变化毫无防备。

故A项正确。

55．选C文章出处题。

全文介绍的是一项关于适度低温有助于减肥的研究。

因此最可能在科普杂志里出现。

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了城堡的起源及演变历史。

56．选A推理判断题。

从第二段的内容可知，最初建造温莎城堡是出于防御目的，后来它成了英国女王的住所，作者在文中提到这个城堡主要是为了说明城堡的作用。

所以答案选A项。

57．选B细节理解题。

从第四段中的“Stone began to replace wood with the need of better protection in the 10th century.”可知，在公元十世纪时，人们开始用石头代替木头，从而使城堡更加坚固。

所以答案选B项。

58．选D推理判断题。

从第五段中的“With his Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror changed the building of castles to protect lands.”可知，诺曼征服对城堡的作用产生影响，之后人们建造城堡是为了更好地保护土地。

所以答案选D项。

59．选B细节理解题。

从最后一段中的“Today, many castles in different parts of the world are tourist attractions.”可知，如今，世界各地的许多城堡都成了旅游景点。

所以答案选B项。

60．选C主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了城堡的起源及演变。

所以答案选C项。

语篇解读：这是一篇科普文，向我们介绍了一氧化碳的特性、一氧化碳中毒的原理以及一氧化碳中毒的症状等。

61．选B细节理解题。

题干关键词为“the silent killer”。

由文章第二段中的“The gas has no color. It has no taste. It has no smell. It does not cause burning eyes. And it does not cause people to cough.”可以看出，一氧化碳无色、无味、不刺激眼睛、也不会让人咳嗽，也就是说它不容易被人发觉。

故选B。

62．选D细节理解题。

由第三段第一句“Carbon monoxide decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body tissues.”可以看出，一氧化碳伤害人体的方式是：降低血液携带氧气的能力。

63．选A细节理解题。

倒数第二段向我们描述了人体吸入一氧化碳后的反应：吸入少量时，会头疼，感觉劳累，恶心，房子似乎开始转动，不能清晰地思考。

A项所说的“feel a little dizzy”对应“The room may appear to be turning around.”。

64．选C细节理解题。

最后一段讲述了不同的人吸入一氧化碳后的不同反应，老人及身体健康状况欠佳的人所受的影响会更大。

注意，D项干扰性最大，但是“suffer from chest pains”只是患有心脏方面疾病的人一氧化碳中毒后的症状之一，而不是唯一的症状，其症状还包括“terrible stomach pains”。

65．选D写作目的题。

从全文内容可知，文章向我们介绍了一氧化碳的特性、一氧化碳中毒的原理及中毒后人体的反应等，故D项是文章的写作目的。