2016徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案.

2016徐汇区⾼三英语⼆模试卷及答案.
2015学年第⼆学期徐汇区学习能⼒诊断卷
⾼三英语试卷2016.4
考⽣注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，全卷共11页。

所有答题必须涂（选
择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第I卷（共103分）
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a restaurant. B. At the cinema.
C. At the airport.
D. At the laundry.
2. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.
3. A. Take a walk. B. Clean the backyard.
C. Fill in some forms.
D. Enjoy the beautiful day.
4. A. She has every confidence in Susan. B. She is a little bit surprised at the news.
C. She has not read the news on the Net.
D. She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.
5. A. He is a very successful businessman. B. He has changed his business strategy.
C. He is making plans to expand his operation.
D. He was twenty when he left the company.
6. A. To prevent the woman from going there. B. To make the man’s mother happy.
C. To make the woman feel sorry.
D. To help control the conversation.
7. A. He did not attend today’s class either. B. His notes are not easy to read.
C. Nobody has seen his handwriting before.
D. He is very pleased to be able to help.
8. A. Mike is a person difficult to deal with. B. Mike dislikes any formal gathering.
C. Mike is unwilling to speak in public.
D. Mike often keeps his distance from others.
9. A. It is the first time they have been on a trip. B. They feel tired about travelling everywhere.
C. They don’t have to worry about the time.
D. They have to travel by schedules now.
10. A. He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.
B. He doesn’t t hink high blood pressure is a problem for him.
C. He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.
D. He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.
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Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Two years ago. B. When he was 14.
C. At the age of 18.
D. When he was 21.
12. A. Because his friends persuaded him to give it up.
B. Because his teeth were getting really yellow.
C. Because he could not afford to buy cigarettes any more.
D. Because he was troubled with some health problems.
13. A. Hanging out with people who don’t smoke.
B. Going out for a cigarette after working hard.
C. Riding his bicycle and enjoy the fresh air.
D. Saving money each week for future use.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.
14. A. The broken alarm system in the brain.
B. The increasing demands of modern life.
C. The signals the brain sends to the body.
D. The suffering from serious health problems.
15. A. Doing sports. B. Playing tai chi.
C. Having yoghurt.
D. Walking outdoors.
16. A. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to life.
B. Relaxation techniques help maintaining health and well-being.
C. High levels of stress may lead to serious health problems.
D. Relaxation should be the first priority for all people.
Section C
Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
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Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Customer Service
People going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (25) ________ (sit) around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. Customers usually don’t have to ask (26) ________ ________ items cost, since prices are clearly marked. And (27) ________ they are at a yard sale or flea market (跳蚤市场), they don’t bother trying to bargain.
When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move (28) ________ (fast). Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. (29) ________ they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk.
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 3 页
In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. So if there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it (30) ________ a full refund.
For many American customers, service is everything. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (31)
________ (avoid) shopping there in the future. On the other hand, customers often remain loyal to a business that has excellent service even if their prices are high. Customer service in America grows out of the belief that “the customer is always right.” That (32) ________ not always be true. But, as someone has said, the customer is always the customer.
(B)
Is A Game Just A Game?
Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? There’s no doubt that the excitement of games these days makes them hard to put down.
We are spoilt for choice when it comes to gaming: You can role play －creating your own characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into (33) ________ imaginary world. And there are shooting games (34) ________ you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns.
Some people think that (35) ________ (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us. So far, popular games like Grand Theft Auto(36) ________ (blame)for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Others argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence (37) ________playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills(38) ________ (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability (39) ________ (think)in 3D and even improve our eyesight. And for some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When you work as a group to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by (40)
________.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the 41 and treatment of mental health issues, but that’s just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that 42 health and daily life including performance enhancement,
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 4 页
self-help, motivation, productivity, and much more.
Psychology 43 out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology comes from the Greek word psyche, literally meaning “life” or “breath.” The 44 of psychology as a separate and independent field of study truly came about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt’s work was 45 on describing the structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properly trained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that 46 feelings, sensations and thoughts.
Throughout psychology’s history, some different schools of thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to 47 for a period. While these schools of thought are sometimes considered as competing forces, each viewpoint has 48 to our understanding of psychology.
Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. The discipline has two major areas of focus: 49 psychology and applied psychology. Educational psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior, and human development. These psychologists 50 basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge while other researchers do applied research that attempts to solve everyday problems.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Feeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.
51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out, may be slightly more 52 .
In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it
will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.
Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.
But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources —or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.
To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford,
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imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens— a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.
While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (⾃信⼼增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.
51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As
52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish
53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand
54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened
55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy
56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips
57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy
58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff
59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions
60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division
61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt
62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to
63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests
64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous
65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. delete
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years. It’s one of our most important inventions. Without it, we wouldn’t be able to record knowledge or pass ideas from one generation to the next.
Most of us know, but often forget, that handwriting is not natural. It’s not like seeing or talking, which are what we are born with. In early America, only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write. A “good hand” became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality. Most, meanwhile, signed legal documents with a mere ‘X’ and the presence of a witness. Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century, after schools began teaching handwriting.
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67 — left-handed students often had their ar m tied tightly to their bodies, so they’d learn to write with the “correct” hand. In more modern times, you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke(笔画), formation and spacing of upper-and lower-case letters.
But today, schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM –short for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. With limited hours and an increased pressure to meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technology and tablets and less of the written word.
Technology has threatened writing long before every man, woman and child carried a phone. It came with the invention of the typewriter, which standardized written communication, and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.
I don’t know if handwriting w ill ever die. But today, the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects. To get a glimpse of the future, just look at the youth. Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls, kids are using emoticons such as ? or ? to give a personal touch.
Typing is more democratic, too —it isn’t a complicated skill to master. Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text, and people who can’t write by hand, like the blind, can now use tools to communicate only by touch.
I suppose it’s easy to grieve over the passing of one era (年代) into another. Sure, I’ll miss the writing of letters, and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen. And while some pathways in our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting, we’ll devel op new ones as we swipe (滑动) and double-click our way into the future.
66. Before the 19th century in America, _____________.
A. only intelligent people could learn handwriting in schools
B. legal documents were signed with the presence of a witness
C. most of the people didn’t even know how to write their names
D. people would spend hours learning how to write every day
67. Which of the following sentences can best fit in the blank in the third paragraph?
A. Writing was a means of human communication
B. Writing has always been serious business
C. Schools tried different ways to force students to write
D. Young people worked hard to improve handwriting
68. We can learn from the passage that ______________.
A. the invention of cellphones started the decline of handwriting
B. handwriting will disappear because young people write poorly
C. typing makes it possible for blind people to communicate
D. typing is comparatively easy to learn, even for the disabled
69. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?
A. The era of handwriting is leaving and that of typing is coming.
B. Letters and signatures are gradually disappearing for sure.
C. The decline of writing has drawn much attention from the public.
D. Our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting.
(B)
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第7 页
Edinburgh– the fourth most beautiful city in the world
Here are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.
Need inspiration?
Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewarded
with some pretty special views.
History lovers?Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take
a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out for
the One o’clock Gun – it fires every day except Sunday. At one o'clock.
Obviously.
Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincide
Feeling hungry?
A satisfying dinner:With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown
fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.
A light lunch:Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to match
with real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies (威⼠忌
酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.
Shopping centre
Princes Street:You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmark
in the shape of Jenners department store.
Harvey Nichols: A byword (代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack.
Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from your
cash.
Hidden Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.
Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted…
70. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?
A. Scott Monument.
B. Edinburgh Castle.
C. Timberyard.
D. The Real Mary King’s Close.
71. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ___________.
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A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shopping
B. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensive
C. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey Nichols
D. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols
72. The underlined word“edible” is closest in meaning to _____________.
A. beautiful
B. eatable
C. visible
D. delicate
73. This page is most likely to be found at ___________.
A. /doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburgh
B. https:///doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburgh
C. https:///doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /our-destinations/edinburgh-overview
D. /doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /discover/about-the-castle
(C)
Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.
The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant.“Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.
Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those award ed funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.
The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the propo sals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee.
In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellen t). Romy van der Lee explains:“As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically asso ciated with men.”
In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第9 页
procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the differen ce in awarding rates.”
74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.
A. women are less successful than men in top academic positions
B. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research funding
C. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair play
D. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university
75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.
A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universities
B. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicants
C. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of men
D. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates
76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?
A. The words used in the instructions and forms.
B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.
C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.
D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.
77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?
A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.
B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.
C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.
D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development. “I’m often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite is true,” he said.
He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers (鱼贩) in his home town. Having served customers －including Heppell －for many years, the two were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer.
The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointe d out that he couldn’t compete with them on price and finally closed down.
“Fishmonger two was different,” explained Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第10 页
if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didn’t complain once. She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed she’s never been busier.”
Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they don’t do that you can, and what you do that they can’t. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of service,” he went on to say.
They should also start thinking about speed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster, adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?”
Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players are offering. They believe that having a narrower range is a disadvantage, but they need to realize that it actually offers them a competitive edge. The mindset of many smaller business owners must change. They need to focus on how to improve their own businesses and what their customers really want. “Because we’re small we can offer x, y and z. It’s because we’re local that we excel at a, b and c,” should be the message, said Heppell.
(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)
78. The first fishmonger complained about the newly-arrived chains because he thought __________.
79. The second fishmonger survived because she managed to _____________.
80. What are the two advantages that smaller businesses can have according to Heppell?
81. According to the passage, instead of trying to imitate the big names, smaller business owners should __________.
第II卷（共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1.这⾸脍炙⼈⼝的歌曲改编⾃⼀⾸古⽼的民歌。

（adapt）
2.图书馆⾥借不到这本参考书，我只能去附近书店买。

(available)
3.学校董事会没有批准这⼀提案，也没有做出任何解释。

（nor）
4.飞机起飞前，乘务员的职责之⼀就是确保所有乘客都系好安全带。

(ensure)
5.要想发展科学，必须营造⼀种⿎励创新的环境，要允许⾃由探索，提倡学术争鸣。

(advocate) II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是李华，学校有四个社团正招募新⼈（如下图所⽰），你希望加⼊其中⼀个。

请你写⼀
徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第11 页
篇⽇记，谈谈你的想法。

内容必须包括：
你希望加⼊的社团
选择该社团的原因
你可以为该社团做些什么。