Al、Cu含量对高熵合金组织及性能的影响
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gh entropy alloys; microstructure characteristic; mechanical property;
corrosion resistance
目 录
第 1 章 绪论 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 引言 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 高熵合金的制备 ............................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 真空电弧熔炼技术 .............................................................................. 2 1.2.2 磁控溅射技术 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 机械合金化技术 .................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 热喷涂技术 .......................................................................................... 3 1.3 高熵合金的特点 ............................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 热力学——高熵效应 ......................................................................... 4 1.3.2 动力学——迟滞扩散效应 .................................................................. 6 1.3.3 结构——晶格畸变效应 ...................................................................... 6 1.3.4 性能——“鸡尾酒”效应 ................................................................. 7 1.3.5 高熵合金的晶体结构 ......................................................................... 8 1.3.6 纳米化与非晶化 ............................................................................... 10 1.4 高熵合金的性能特点 .................................................................................. 10 1.4.1 高硬度及强度 ................................................................................... 10 1.4.2 高耐磨性 ............................................................................................ 11 1.4.3 耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性 ........................................................................ 11 1.5 电化学腐蚀 ................................................................................................... 12 1.5.1 金属腐蚀的定义分类 ....................................................................... 12 1.5.2 腐蚀电池的极化现象 ........................................................................ 12 1.5.3 腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流 ....................................................................... 12 1.6 高熵合金的应用 ........................................................................................... 13 1.7 高熵合金的 Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Cu 系合金研究现状..................................... 15 1.8 本文研究目的意义及内容 ........................................................................... 17
关键词：高熵合金；微观组织；力学性能；耐蚀性
Abstract
The high entropy alloys have a lot of excellent property that the traditional alloys don’t have to be the potentially new material, such as high strength, hardness, good plasticity, good soft magnetic properties, but it is hard to achieve both strength and plasticity well. So this article changing Al and Cu atomic ratio to achieve good strength and plasticity. At present, either the experiment research or the theoretical study, the results are scarcely noticed. The formation mechanism study of the high entropy alloys is very few. From the perspective of the development of new materials, the development of high entropy alloys is of great significance. 15 different contents high entropy alloys were prepared by arc melting and casting method. The mechanical property and the corrosion resistance were tested. to found the influences that the Al, Cu affecting the high entropy alloys. And to find the excellent mechanical properties high entropy alloys. In the research, according to adjust the content of Al and Cu, different content of AlxCoCrFeNiCuy high-entropy alloy were made to be studied. The effect of Al ,Cu contents on the variation of phase structure, microstructure characteristic were characterized respectively by using of XRD, SEM, EDS. The hardness and the compressive property were tested. Use the electrochemical workstation and the laser microscope to research the corrosion resistance of the high entropy alloys. The results showed that the as-cast high entropy alloys is mainly composed of simple BCC and FCC solid solution. The phase structure intend to form BCC solid solution with the content of Al addition. The phase structure intend to form FCC solid solution with the content of Cu addition. Added Al elements in the alloy can improve the strength of the alloy and Cu can improve the plastic deformation ability. High entropy alloy can appear three different phases. Large amounts of Cu element is not easy to dissolve in alloy fixation at the grain boundary occur together, form the third
摘 要
高熵合金因其具有许多传统合金没有的优异特性，如高强度、硬度、良好的 塑性、良好的软磁性而成为极具潜力的新型材料，但很难实现强度韧性的良好。 因此本文通过改变 Al、Cu 原子比来实现良好的强韧性配合。目前高熵合金无论是 在实验研究还是理论研究方面的成果都比较少，对于高熵合金的形成机理等问题 还少有研究。从开发新材料的角度来看，高熵合金的开发具有重大意义。 本文采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼炉制备出 15 种成分不同的合金，对其力学性能 及耐蚀性能进行实验，从而研究出 Al、Cu 元素对其组织及性能的影响，以及制备 出具有优良机械性能的合金。 采用 XRD、 SEM、 EDS 等分析手段研究了合金的相、 微观形貌、及化学成分。对合金进行硬度、压缩的力学性能检测分析合金的机械 性能。对合金进行电化学检测，激光显微镜观察来研究合金的耐蚀性。 实验结果表明：铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy (x=1,2,3,4,5)(y=1,2,3) 高熵合金主要由 BCC 相固溶体及 FCC 相固溶体组成。 其中 Al 元素的添加使得合金倾向于形成 BCC 相固溶体， 提高合金的强度。 Cu 元素的添加使得合金倾向于形成 FCC 相的固溶体， 提高合金的塑性。高熵合金的微观可以出现三种不同的相。大量的 Cu 元素不容易 固溶于合金中在晶界出发生偏聚，形成第三相。铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy 高熵合金均 具有高的硬度，屈服强度和断裂强度，也具有非常好的塑性变形能力。 铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy 高熵合金中 Al4CoCrFeNiCu2 具有最大的硬度，硬度值为 782HV。 Al3CoCrFeNiCu 具有较高的屈服强度及断裂强度。 屈服强度及断裂强度的值分别为 2056MPa、2098MPa。高熵合金中 Al 元素和 Cu 元素的添加都会使合金变得更易 于发生腐蚀。铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy(x=1,2,3,4,5)(y=1,2,3)高熵合金在 3.5%的 NaCl 溶液中 和在 1mol/L 的 HCl 溶液 中和 不 锈钢相 比均 具有 良好 的耐蚀 性能。 AlCoCrFeNiCu 高熵合金具有最好的耐蚀性能。
沈阳理工大学硕士学位论文
phase. The as-cast high entropy alloys have a high hardness, high yield strength and high fracture strength, also the plastic deformation ability is very well. The as-cast AlxCoCrFeNiCuy Al4CoCrFeNiCu2 in high entropy alloys have the greatest hardness, hardness value is 782 HV. Al3CoCrFeNiCu has higher yield strength and fracture strength. The value of yield strength and fracture strength are 2056MPa and 2098MPa, The as-cast AlxCoCrFeNiCuy high entropy alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution and in 1 mol/L HCl solution compared with stainless steel has a good corrosion resistance. High content of Al element will reduce the corrosion resistance of alloy, High content of Al element are more easy to corrosion. High concent of Cu element are also easy to corrosion. AlCoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy has the best corrosion resistance.
corrosion resistance
目 录
第 1 章 绪论 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 引言 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 高熵合金的制备 ............................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 真空电弧熔炼技术 .............................................................................. 2 1.2.2 磁控溅射技术 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2.3 机械合金化技术 .................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 热喷涂技术 .......................................................................................... 3 1.3 高熵合金的特点 ............................................................................................. 3 1.3.1 热力学——高熵效应 ......................................................................... 4 1.3.2 动力学——迟滞扩散效应 .................................................................. 6 1.3.3 结构——晶格畸变效应 ...................................................................... 6 1.3.4 性能——“鸡尾酒”效应 ................................................................. 7 1.3.5 高熵合金的晶体结构 ......................................................................... 8 1.3.6 纳米化与非晶化 ............................................................................... 10 1.4 高熵合金的性能特点 .................................................................................. 10 1.4.1 高硬度及强度 ................................................................................... 10 1.4.2 高耐磨性 ............................................................................................ 11 1.4.3 耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性 ........................................................................ 11 1.5 电化学腐蚀 ................................................................................................... 12 1.5.1 金属腐蚀的定义分类 ....................................................................... 12 1.5.2 腐蚀电池的极化现象 ........................................................................ 12 1.5.3 腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流 ....................................................................... 12 1.6 高熵合金的应用 ........................................................................................... 13 1.7 高熵合金的 Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Cu 系合金研究现状..................................... 15 1.8 本文研究目的意义及内容 ........................................................................... 17
关键词：高熵合金；微观组织；力学性能；耐蚀性
Abstract
The high entropy alloys have a lot of excellent property that the traditional alloys don’t have to be the potentially new material, such as high strength, hardness, good plasticity, good soft magnetic properties, but it is hard to achieve both strength and plasticity well. So this article changing Al and Cu atomic ratio to achieve good strength and plasticity. At present, either the experiment research or the theoretical study, the results are scarcely noticed. The formation mechanism study of the high entropy alloys is very few. From the perspective of the development of new materials, the development of high entropy alloys is of great significance. 15 different contents high entropy alloys were prepared by arc melting and casting method. The mechanical property and the corrosion resistance were tested. to found the influences that the Al, Cu affecting the high entropy alloys. And to find the excellent mechanical properties high entropy alloys. In the research, according to adjust the content of Al and Cu, different content of AlxCoCrFeNiCuy high-entropy alloy were made to be studied. The effect of Al ,Cu contents on the variation of phase structure, microstructure characteristic were characterized respectively by using of XRD, SEM, EDS. The hardness and the compressive property were tested. Use the electrochemical workstation and the laser microscope to research the corrosion resistance of the high entropy alloys. The results showed that the as-cast high entropy alloys is mainly composed of simple BCC and FCC solid solution. The phase structure intend to form BCC solid solution with the content of Al addition. The phase structure intend to form FCC solid solution with the content of Cu addition. Added Al elements in the alloy can improve the strength of the alloy and Cu can improve the plastic deformation ability. High entropy alloy can appear three different phases. Large amounts of Cu element is not easy to dissolve in alloy fixation at the grain boundary occur together, form the third
摘 要
高熵合金因其具有许多传统合金没有的优异特性，如高强度、硬度、良好的 塑性、良好的软磁性而成为极具潜力的新型材料，但很难实现强度韧性的良好。 因此本文通过改变 Al、Cu 原子比来实现良好的强韧性配合。目前高熵合金无论是 在实验研究还是理论研究方面的成果都比较少，对于高熵合金的形成机理等问题 还少有研究。从开发新材料的角度来看，高熵合金的开发具有重大意义。 本文采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼炉制备出 15 种成分不同的合金，对其力学性能 及耐蚀性能进行实验，从而研究出 Al、Cu 元素对其组织及性能的影响，以及制备 出具有优良机械性能的合金。 采用 XRD、 SEM、 EDS 等分析手段研究了合金的相、 微观形貌、及化学成分。对合金进行硬度、压缩的力学性能检测分析合金的机械 性能。对合金进行电化学检测，激光显微镜观察来研究合金的耐蚀性。 实验结果表明：铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy (x=1,2,3,4,5)(y=1,2,3) 高熵合金主要由 BCC 相固溶体及 FCC 相固溶体组成。 其中 Al 元素的添加使得合金倾向于形成 BCC 相固溶体， 提高合金的强度。 Cu 元素的添加使得合金倾向于形成 FCC 相的固溶体， 提高合金的塑性。高熵合金的微观可以出现三种不同的相。大量的 Cu 元素不容易 固溶于合金中在晶界出发生偏聚，形成第三相。铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy 高熵合金均 具有高的硬度，屈服强度和断裂强度，也具有非常好的塑性变形能力。 铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy 高熵合金中 Al4CoCrFeNiCu2 具有最大的硬度，硬度值为 782HV。 Al3CoCrFeNiCu 具有较高的屈服强度及断裂强度。 屈服强度及断裂强度的值分别为 2056MPa、2098MPa。高熵合金中 Al 元素和 Cu 元素的添加都会使合金变得更易 于发生腐蚀。铸态 AlxCoCrFeNiCuy(x=1,2,3,4,5)(y=1,2,3)高熵合金在 3.5%的 NaCl 溶液中 和在 1mol/L 的 HCl 溶液 中和 不 锈钢相 比均 具有 良好 的耐蚀 性能。 AlCoCrFeNiCu 高熵合金具有最好的耐蚀性能。
沈阳理工大学硕士学位论文
phase. The as-cast high entropy alloys have a high hardness, high yield strength and high fracture strength, also the plastic deformation ability is very well. The as-cast AlxCoCrFeNiCuy Al4CoCrFeNiCu2 in high entropy alloys have the greatest hardness, hardness value is 782 HV. Al3CoCrFeNiCu has higher yield strength and fracture strength. The value of yield strength and fracture strength are 2056MPa and 2098MPa, The as-cast AlxCoCrFeNiCuy high entropy alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution and in 1 mol/L HCl solution compared with stainless steel has a good corrosion resistance. High content of Al element will reduce the corrosion resistance of alloy, High content of Al element are more easy to corrosion. High concent of Cu element are also easy to corrosion. AlCoCrFeNiCu high entropy alloy has the best corrosion resistance.