18学年高中英语Unit1SchoollifeSectionⅡWelcometotheUnit

Section ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
一、这样记单词
二、这样记短语
1．(教材P2)Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

experience
(1)n . [C]经历，体验 [U]经验
①I’ve been made stronger and better by difficult experiences . 磨难使我变得更坚强、更优秀。

ll gain useful experience in working with computer. 在用计算机工作的过程中你会获得有用的经验。

[名师点津]
experience 作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。

③It is important to try a nd learn from experience . 尝试并从经验中学习是重要的。

(2)vt .经历，体验
④Through travel, we can open our eyes and experience different cultures in different countries.
通过旅行，我们可以开阔眼界，体验不同国家的风俗文化。

Though he is young, he is experienced (experience) in the work. 他虽然年轻，但对这份工作是有经验的。

2．(教材P2)He also told us that the best way to earn respect was to devote ourselves to study and achieve high grades.
他还告诉我们赢得尊重最好的方法是努力学习，取得好成绩。

earn vt.获得；赚，挣得
earn money ＝ make money 赚钱
earn a/one’s living ＝ make a/one’s living 谋生
earn one’s bread 谋生
①They are young and think it easy to earn money.
他们年轻，以为赚钱很容易。

②He had to stand on his own legs and earn_his_own_living at the age of 12.
12岁时他必须依靠自己谋生。

[名师点津] earn后可接表示金额的词作宾语，也可接表示“荣誉、尊敬”等的词。

如earn respect“赢得尊敬”。

respect
(1)n.尊敬，敬重；重视
win/earn/gain the respect of ... 赢得/赚得/获得……的尊敬
show/have respect for 对……表示尊重
out of respect 出于尊敬/尊重
①When we show respect for others, we win the respect of them at the same time.
在尊重他人的同时，我们也得到了别人的尊重。

②Out_of_respect for the audience, he took off his hat.
出于对观众的尊敬，他脱下了帽子。

(2)vt.尊敬，敬重
③If you don’t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you?
自己不自重，又怎能指望别人尊重你呢？
(1)respect sb. for ... 因……而尊重某人
(2)respectable adj. 体面的，正派的；受人尊敬的
respected adj. 受尊敬的，受敬重的
④She has always been honest with others, and I respect her for that.
她一直对别人诚实，我非常敬重她这一点。

⑤The famous scientist came to Shanghai from Paris to visit his most respected (respect) teacher.
那位著名的科学家从巴黎来到上海，看望他最敬重的老师。

devote vt.致力于；献身
(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事
devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的；专心的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/投身于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚
①Most of his spare time was devoted to the translation of those works.
他把大部分的闲暇都用于翻译那些作品。

②Devoted to reading (read) the novel, he didn’t notice me coming in.
由于全神贯注于阅读小说，他没有注意到我进来。

③We were deeply touched by his single­minded devotion (devote) to world peace.
他一心一意为世界和平做贡献，这使我们深受感动。

[名师点津] 短语devote ...to ...中的to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾
语。

含介词to的动词短语，还有：
①pay attention to注意
②look forward to 期待，盼望
③become/be used to 习惯于
④get down to 开始，着手
3．(教材P2)This is about the average size for British schools.
这大概是英国学校的平均容量。

average
(1)adj.一般的，普通的；平均的
①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.
这个班男生的平均年龄是十五岁。

②There was nothing special about the meal; it was average.
饭菜没什么特别，挺平常的。

(2)n.平均数；平均水平
an average of ... 平均有……
on (the) average 平均
above average 平均水平以上
below average 平均水平以下
③Tibet lies at an_average_of 4,000 metres above sea­level.
西藏平均海拔4 000米。

④There is very little rain here, merely 60 mm in a year on average.
这儿雨水极少，平均每年只有60毫米。

⑤Tom’s work at school is above average.
汤姆学校的功课是中等以上水平。

4．(教材P2)We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。

struggle
(1)n.难事；斗争；努力
①His life was a hard struggle with sickness.
他一生跟疾病作了艰苦的斗争。

②Without any struggle, there is no progress.
没有任何奋斗，就不会有进步。

(2)vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle for ... 为……而斗争
struggle against/with ... 与……作斗争
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
③He struggled to_keep (keep) up with the other students in the class.
他努力跟上班里的其他同学。

④The fire fighters struggled against/with the fire for several hours and finally brought the fire under control.
一连几个小时消防队员奋力灭火，最后终于控制住了火势。

⑤Though he was badly injured, he struggled to his feet.
虽然他伤得很重，但他挣扎着站了起来。

5．(教材P2)However, it was a bit challenging for me at first, because all the homework was in English.
然而，一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有作业都是英文。

challenging adj.具有挑战性的
①Skiing is such a challenging sport!
滑雪是一项非常有挑战性的运动！
challenge n．&vt. 挑战；向……挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
meet the challenge of ... 迎接……挑战
challenge sb. to do ... 向某人挑战做……
challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战……
②Let’s work together to_meet_the_challenge_of the 21st century.
让我们一起工作，迎接21世纪的挑战。

③He challenged me to_play (play) another game of chess.
他向我挑战再比赛一盘棋。

[名师点津] challenge本身已含有“向……挑战”之意，是及物动词，因而不要在challenge后加介词to。

6．(教材P2)I felt lucky, as all my teachers gave me much encouragement ...
我感到很幸运，因为我所有的老师都给了我很多鼓励……
encouragement n．鼓励
①The teacher’s words were a great encouragement to him.
老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。

(1)encourage vt. 鼓励；鼓舞；促进
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
(2)courage n. 勇气；胆量
have the courage to do sth. 有做某事的勇气
②A good public transport will encourage people to_leave (leave) their cars at home.
良好的公共交通会促使人们将汽车留在家中。

③He didn’t have_the_courage_to_tell his mother that he had failed in the exam.
他没有勇气告诉母亲他考试不及格。

7．(教材P3)I usually went to the Computer Club during the lunch break, so I could send e­mails to my family and friends back home for fr ee.
午饭时间我常去电脑俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内的家人和朋友发电子邮件了。

for free 免费(地)；无偿地
free of charge 免费
set sb. free 释放某人
be free to do sth. 自由做某事，任意做某事
free sb. from/of sth. 使某人摆脱某事
①Going to public concerts is often free of charge/for free.
去听公开的演唱会通常是免费的。

②Yo u can be free to_ask (ask) questions if you don’t understand.
你要是不懂，可以随便提问。

③She longed to_be_freed (free) of her responsibilities.
她渴望能卸下肩上的责任。

8．(教材P3)I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction, and I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.
回想起在英国的那些时光，我很满意，我真的希望有一天我可以再回到曼彻斯特去学习。

look back (on)回顾，回忆
①I like to look back on my high­school days, which were the happiest in my life.
我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。

look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
look forward to 盼望(to为介词)
look into 向……里面看；调查
look through 浏览；仔细查看；审核
look up 向上看；查阅
look up to 尊敬，敬仰
②It’s wrong of you to_look_down_on/upon the poor.
你看不起穷人是错误的。

③We welcome your arrival, and look forward to meeting (meet) with you.
我们欢迎您的到来，期待与您会面。

④We should look_through the text quickly at first, and then we can read it slowly.
我们应该首先很快地浏览一下课文，然后可以再慢慢地阅读。

satisfaction n．满意
(1)to one’s satisfaction 令某人满意的是
with satisfaction 满意地
(2)satisfy vt. 使满足，使满意
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfied adj. 感到满意的
be satisfied with ... 对……感到满意
①To our satisfaction, he got the first prize in the game.
令我们满意的是，他在比赛中获得了一等奖。

②His face told (that) he was satisfied with the speech.
他脸上显示出他对演讲感到满意。

③The child’s reading ability is satisfying (satisfy) for his age.
这个孩子的阅读能力按其年龄来说是令人满意的。

[名师点津] 在英语中，抽象名词表示具体意义时，视为可数名词，表示“具体的某人或某事”。

①satisfaction满意→a satisfaction一件愉快的事
②encouragement鼓励→an encouragement一件鼓舞人心的事
③pleasure高兴→a pleasure一件高兴的事
④happiness幸福→a happiness一件幸福的事
⑤surprise惊奇→a surprise一件惊奇的事
⑥success成功→a success一件成功的事
9．(教材P5)Next year, I plan on attending a high school in China on a student exchange programme, and I found your article a great encouragement to me.
明年，我计划通过交流项目上中国的高中，我发现你的文章对我来说是一个莫大的鼓励。

exchange n．&vt.交流；交换；兑换
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
exchange A for B 把A换成B
exchange opinions/views 交换观点/看法
①We exchanged our opinions/views about the question at the meeting.
在会上，我们就此问题交换了看法。

②He is giving me maths lessons in_exchange_for English lessons.
他以教我数学作为交换，来向我学英语。

③I’d like to exchange some pounds for dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美金。

1．Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.
在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

本句中Going to a British high school for one year为动名词短语作主语。

(1)动名词(短语)作主语可放在句首，谓语动词用单数，动名词作主语往往表示比较笼统的、一般的或习惯性的动作。

①Learning English well is challenging for him as he is an average student.
学好英语对他来说很有挑战性，因为他是一个中等水平的学生。

②Climbing (climb) mountains is interesting.
爬山很有趣。

(2)动名词(短语)作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词(短语)后置，常见结构：
③It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
事已至此，后悔也没有用了。

(覆水难收。

)
④It’s a waste of time advising (advise) such a person to join us.
劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。

2．We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。

本句为并列句，so 为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。

第二个分句属于“It is/was＋n./adj.(＋for/of sb./sth.)＋to do st h.”句型。

该句型的主要用法如下：：形式主语
不定式：真正的主语
：引出不定式的逻辑主语。

形容词
形容词/名词描述不定式动作的属性和特征时，介词用
①It is a pity to give up the job.
放弃这份工作，真是遗憾。

②It is important for us to_have (have) breakfast every day.
每天吃早餐对我们来说非常重要。

③It is k ind of you to invite me to the party.
你邀请我参加聚会真是太好了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now they are seeking for an experienced (experience) scientist to fill the post.
2．I sang in a club to_earn (earn) my daily bread when I was young.
3．He struggled to_succeed (succeed) in his business.
4．You should show greater respect for your elders.
5．As a matter of fact he isn’t really satisfied with the hotel service.
6．I’d like to find a job which is more challenging (challenge)．
7.He was_devoted (devote) to piano playing at one time.
8．Your coming to help us was a great encouragement (encourage)．
9.It is no use talking (talk) to him, because he never listens.
10．It was very foolish of the boy to swim in the river alone.
Ⅱ.选词填空
on average， in exchange for， be fond of， for free， look back on
1．He is giving me a pen in_exchange_for my story book.
2．London has on_average 7.6 hours of sunshine per day during May.
3．For one thing, she likes dancing; for another, she is_fond_of singing.
4．Looking_back_on those days, I’m full of mixed feelings.
5．I got this ticket for_free from somebody who didn’t want it.
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The climate of Kunming is enjoyable (令人愉快的) all year round.
2．Headmasters (校长) from many key senior middle schools are visiting the school.
3．By doing extra (额外的) homework, he soon got ahead of his classmates.
4．That writer has a high place in the history of American literature (文学)．
5.He told me about his experiences (经历) as a young man.
6．Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction (满意)．7．She was respected (尊敬) by her students for her good teaching.
8．Would you like to exchange (交换) your opinions about the event with me?
9．Though he is in bad condition, he never stops doing academic (学术的) research.
10．I also do some cleaning and cooking (做饭) for my parents at the weekend.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It was satisfied that the girl helped her mother clean up the kitchen. satisfied→satisfying
2．When I said I was a good swimmer, she challenged to me to a race.去掉me 前的to
3．I’d like to exchange some flowers into balloons.into→for
4．Mr.Johnson has to work very hard to earn living.earn后加a/his
5．Her life was devoted to care for the sick and needy.care→caring
6．A language exchange is a great way to learn a language with free.with→for Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Jack used_to_help (过去常常帮助) Mary with her lessons in middle school.
2．They like to look_back_on (回顾) those unforgettable years in the army.
3.Living_in_the_big_city (住在那个大城市) brings him a lot of job chances.
4．In autumn, she is_fond_of (喜欢) walking on the garden path covered with fallen leaves.
5.I really don’t know that she is_struggling_to_feed/support (在吃力地养活)
a family alone.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．Going (go) to a British high school for one year was a very 2.enjoyable (enjoy) and exciting experience for me. 3.On the first day, all of the new students attended an assembly; the headmaster told us that the best way 4._to_earn (earn) respect from the school was to devote ourselves 5.to study and achieve high grades.I found the homework was not as heavy as 6.what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit 7.challenging (challenge) for me at first because all the homework was in English.
I felt lucky as all my teachers were very friendly. My English improved a lot as I used English every day. Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but they can stop studying some 8.subjects (subject) if they don’t like them. I was very lucky 9.to_experience (experience) the different ways of life 10.and I really hope that someday I can go back and study in Manchester again.
Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达
在西班牙做交流(exchange)生时，我曾有过一次令人愉快的(enjoyable)经历(experience)。

在中国，我曾认为自己是一个一般水平以上的(above average)学生。

然而，在西班牙我觉得其中有些学科如文学(literature)、烹饪(cooking)等，非常具有挑战性(challenging)，尽管我非常喜欢(be fond of)这些学科。

为了博得(earn)校长(headmaster)和其他同学的尊重(respect)，我只得每天额外(extra)花费(devote)数小时免费(for free)上网(surf the Net)以寻求资料。

令我满意的是，通过奋斗拼搏(struggle)以及他人的鼓励(encouragement)，我成功地通过了所有的测试。

每逢回忆起(look back on)那些日子，我都会感到愉快。

I_had_an_enjoyable_experience_when_I_was_an_exchange_student_in_Spain._In_C hina_I_thought_I_was_a_student_above_average._However,__when_in_Spain,_I_found_ that_some_of_the_subjects,_such_as_literature_and_cooking,_were_very_challengin g,_though_I_was_very_fond_of_them._In_order_to_earn_the_respect_of_the_headmast er_and_other_students,_I_had_to_devote_extra_hours_every_day_to_surfing_the_Net _for_free_in_search_of_information._To_my_satisfaction,_I_succeeded_in_passing_ all_the_tests_with_my_own_struggle_and_others’_encouragement._Whenever_I_look_back_on_those_days,_
I_always_feel_very_happy.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.完形填空
The science teacher, Mr. Black, had asked his students to study a particular animal. They were asked to __1__ a short report and then make a __2__ in class. Some talked about dogs, others about horses, and some chose fish. But the most __3__ discovery of all was made by little Sophie.
“I found that __4__ are terribly bad­tempered (坏脾气的)，” she said for certain.
Everyone smiled, waiting for her to __5__. Then Sophie explained, “I spent hours __6__ flies. When they flew normally, everything was okay, __7__ when they found a window they would make a noisy sound. I had always thought they make that noise __8__ their wings, but they don’t. With my daddy’s binoculars (望远镜), I watched the flies really __9__， and saw that __10__ they were doing was shouting. They were angry because they __11__ fly out of the window. Later, a butterfly passing by the window tried to __12__ them the top of the window was open, but it had no effect at all. The flies just __13__ shouting.”
Mr. Black laughed and explained to the class that the flies’ behavior had nothing to do with __14__. Instead, it was an example of animals having different levels of intelligence (智力). At the __15__ of the class, Mr. Black asked the students to bring a list of animals in their order of intelligence.
What surprised Mr. Black was that many parents came to the school to __16__ the next day, __17__ their children had listed their parents among the least __18__ animals! This, said the children, was because their parents did __19__ but complain.
Mr. Black had to do a lot of explaining to calm the parents down. However, it also helped some of the parents __20__ that although they weren’t stupid, they didn’
t often behave very intelligently.
语篇解读：科学老师布莱克先生让他的学生研究一种特殊的动物。

索菲娅的研究最有趣，她研究的是苍蝇，因为她发现苍蝇脾气很坏，老师告诉她那是因为动物的智力水平不同。

后来很多学生家长来到学校抱怨，因为学生认为家长是最不聪明的动物。

1．A.write B．listen
C．review D．give
解析：选A 老师让学生写(write)一份简短的报告之后在班上做演讲(speech)。

2．A.word B．speech
C．performance D．wish
解析：选B 解析见上题。

3．A.challenging B．terrible
C．interesting D．important
解析：选C 根据下文“I found that __4__ are terribly bad­tempered (坏脾气的)”可知，索菲娅的发现最有趣。

4．A.dogs B．horses
C．fish D．flies
解析：选D 根据后文可知，索菲娅研究的是苍蝇(fly)。

5．A.look B．stay
C．leave D．continue
解析：选D 索菲娅说完之后，每个人都笑了，等待她继续(continue)说。

6．A.enjoying B．watching
C．talking D．thinking
解析：选B 索菲娅解释说：“我花了好几个小时观察(watch)苍蝇……。

”
7．A.and B．but
C．besides D．since
解析：选B 当苍蝇正常飞的时候，没有问题，但是(but)当它们发现窗户时，就会制造噪音。

8．A.on B．for
C．with D．about
解析：选C 索菲娅原以为苍蝇是用(with)翅膀制造噪音的。

9．A.closely B．quietly
C．quickly D．safely
解析：选A 用父亲的望远镜，可以非常近地(closely)观察苍蝇并且知道它们正在做的(what)是叫喊。

C．why D．what
解析：选D 解析见上题。

11．A.couldn’t B．shouldn’t
C．needn’t D．mustn’t
解析：选A 苍蝇生气的是它们不能(couldn’t)飞出窗外。

12．A.ask B．tell
C．answer D．call
解析：选B 飞过窗户的蝴蝶试图告诉(tell)苍蝇窗户顶上是开着的。

但是没有起到任何作用，苍蝇仍然继续(keep on)叫喊。

13．A.took on B．relied on
C．kept on D．lived on
解析：选C 解析见上题。

take on“从事”；rely on“依靠”；keep on“继续”；live on“靠……生活”。

14．A.happiness B．anger
C．beauty D．shape
解析：选B 布莱克先生向他的学生解释说苍蝇的这种行为与生气(anger)没有任何关系。

15．A.beginning B．middle
C．half D．end
解析：选D 在这堂课的结尾(end)，老师要求学生根据他们对动物智力水平的认知，列一个名单。

16．A.praise B．complain
C．doubt D．play
解析：选B 根据此段最后一句可知此处填complain。

17．A.so B．until
C．because D．and
解析：选C 因为(because)他们的孩子把他们列到了最不聪明(clever)的动物当中。

18．A.brave B．humorous
C．clever D．kind
解析：选C 解析见上题。

19．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
解析：选D 因为他们的父母只会抱怨(do nothing but complain)。

C．wake D．believe
解析：选A 这件事帮助家长意识到(realize)虽然他们不笨，但是有时候他们的行为并不是很理智。

Ⅱ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Thursday, May lstSunny
Lily and I are very interested in science, so we decided to visit the Science Museum today. It is not too far from our homes. It is about two kilometer, so we thought it was better to go there by the bike.
At eight we set off. It is very nice and sunny. When we got at the gate, there were many people wait there. We met some of my classmates or teachers. There we saw a lot of interested things and equipment. We could touch them and even operate anything. We thought we had learned a lot and were more interested in science.
At half past eleven we had to leave home. What happy we were today!
答案：第三句：kilometer→kilometers; 去掉the
第五句：is→was
第六句：at→to; wait→waiting
第七句：or→and
第八句：interested→interesting
第九句：anything→something
第十一句： leave后面加for
第十二句：What→How。