中考英语核心突破(名词)(带答案)

中考英语核心突破（名词）（带答案）
名词
考点解读
2、思维导图形式先呈现整体框架
2、重难点（讲解）
考点1：名词的单复数变化
1）大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾，则一般加es；
2）以o结尾的单词除了两人（negro，hero）两菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；
3）以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；
4）英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth。

关于以O结尾，加上-es变复数的单词，我们可以这样记住：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和马铃薯，那么negro, hero, tomato, potato便可以很快记住了。

考点2：可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达
典型例题
【例1】（上海57题）
Many historical __________ will be shown on National Day. (movie)
【答案】movies
【解析】此处考察名词单复数的变化，然后根据句子中的many可以知道应该用名词的复数形式，所以答案为movies。

【例2】（上海33题）
You can get much ____________ about the World Expo on the Internet.
A) map B) picture C) ticket D) information
【答案】选D
【解析】此处考察名词的可数性，然后句中给到的much我们可以知道后面应该是填不可数名词，所以选择D。

【例3】（上海34题）
The old man used to raise many ________ to make a living on the farm.
A. duck
B. horse
C. bird
D. sheep
【答案】选D
【解析】此处考察名词的可数性，然后根据根据句子中的many可以知道应该填可数名词的复数形式，虽然A,B,C都是可数名词，但是却是单数形式，而D选项是可数名词，而且是单复数同行的，所以选择D。

【例4】（上海49题）
These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the_____ immediately.
A. amusement
B. development
C. environment
D. government
【答案】选C
【解析】此处考察名词词义的辨析，然后根据句子中提到自然灾害，肯定是在说环境的，所以选C。

【例5】（上海59题）
The prices of many__________ usually go up during festivals．(flower)
【答案】flowers
【解析】此处考察的是名词的单复数变化，根据句子中的many可以得知应该填名词的复数形式，所以填flowers。

学法点睛
1、名词单数变复数口诀
(一) 规则变化
名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数；
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es；
词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve；
辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es；
词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，
要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。

(二) 不规则变化
男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee；
老鼠虱婆也好记，ous 变 ic；
孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。

2、1）名词可数性：专有名词不可数：人名地名国家。

2）物质名词不可数：金木水火土沙肉食米面布茶咖啡果汁牛奶酒钢铁玻璃煤油墨水作业纸粉笔头发新闻天气天气。

3）抽象名词不可数：幸福时光爱情知识力量发明仁慈友谊关系青春信息勇气。

过关检测
巩固测试：
1.（闸北一模32题）
When you’ve learnt Englis h, you’ll find it a bridge to so much ______ .
A）knowledge B）tradition C）idea D）method
2.（杨浦一模29题）
We were required to collect some ________about the Red Cross.
A)material B)information C)message D)situation
3.（闵行区一模30题）
During his stay in America, he gained much______ of local customs and cultures.
A) advice B) knowledge C) idea D) message
4.（黄埔一模32题）
Lots of ______ may cause the young students to have strong feelings against school.
A. exercise
B. lesson
C. exam
D. homework
5.（长宁一模54题）
Our soldiers did not fire until the __________ were close enough. (enemy)
6.（闸北一模54题）
The_______ shared Nobel Medicine Prize. (winner)
7.（杨浦一模54题）
It’s important to brush your _________ at least twice a day. (tooth)
8.（徐汇一模54题）
It’s strange the two ________ took place at the same time on the same day. (robbery)
9.（松江一模59题）
Several wonderful were made at the national conference, (speech)
10.（浦东新区一模54题）
Some parents purchase new ________ (toy) for their kids before Christmas. T
11.（闵行区一模54题）
I could suggest many different ________, but anyway, here are just a few. (method)
12.（静安区一模54题）
Look at the pet-cat’s two dirty _______. Please keep the cat off the bed. (foot)
13.（金山区一模54题）
________like having sports in their spare time. (boy)
14.（嘉定一模54题）
It was very freezing. We all tried to cover our faces under our ______(scarf)
15.（黄浦一模57题）
Nowadays more ______ realize they are responsible for reducing industry pollution. (factory)
答案：1—4 ABDD
5. enemies
6.winners
7. teeth
8. robberies
9.speeches 10. toys
11. robberies 12.feet 13.Boys 14.scarves 15.factories
提升测试：
1.（虹口一模28题）
——Would you like some__________________?
——No, thanks. I'm not hungry at all.
A) snack B) apple C) soup D) bread
2.（奉贤一模28题）
Two ______ were having lunch in the office at that time.
A) woman secretaries B) woman secretary
C) women secretaries D)women secretary
3.（奉贤一模29题）
I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel. She has a pretty good ______ of direction.
A) idea B) feeling C)experiences D) sense
4.（崇明一模31题）
She turned on the radio and listened to a man giving people some ____about their problems.
A. reason
B. advice
C. way
D. answer
5.（宝山一模30题）
We shall have a ______ holiday after the final exam.
A) three weeks B) three-week C) three week’s D) three –weeks
6.（闵行一模34题）
Mark isn’t feeling well now as she had too much _______ just now.
A. potato
B. noodle
C. bread
D. biscuit
7.（杨浦一模36题）
Professor Lee gave us much ______ on how to live a low carbon life in big cities.
A) tip B) suggestion C) advice D) idea
8.（闸北一模48题）
As we all know the best way to learn English is to practise more. The underlined part means “_____”
9.（虹口一模54题）
Professor Zhang will make several __________on Chinese art during his stay in the USA. (speech) 10.（崇明一模54题）
There are some ______ of my friends, Jimmy. Wasn’t he lovely when he was a baby? (photo) 11.（长宁一模60题）
My grandfather began to learn English in his ______ (sixty)
12.（闸北一模59题）
Life is simple. You make_______, and you don’t look back. (choice)
13.（杨浦一模59题）
After six ______ in prison, the famous music producer and director was set free. (month)
14.（青浦一模64题）
The detective found that the young men took part in many bank ______. ( robbery)
15.（青浦一模59题）
This shop sells all kinds of __________ from different countries. (watch)
答案：1-5 DCDBB 6-8 CCD
9. speeches 10. photos 11. sixties 12. choices 13. months 14. robberies 15. Him
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．写作
“百善孝为先”,孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。

某英语报社正在举办以“弘扬中华传统文化”为主题的征文活动,请你以“We should honor our parents”为题,写一篇短文参加征文活动。

内容包括:
What do you often do for your parents?
Why should we honor our parents?
How should we honor our parents?
要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；
2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥；
3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。

We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of
China.____________________________
【答案】We should honor our parents
As we know, honoring our parents is an excellent tradition of China.I honor my parents.I often help my parents do housework in my spare time.I think it's our duty to honor our parents.Our parents take much effort to raise us, so it's important for us to honor them.They love us so we should love and respect them.
First of all, we should try our best to study hard to make them proud of us.Then, we can help our parents with some housework because they are tired after working.Next, we should respect them and never talk to them rudely.We'd better communicate with them patiently if we have different opinions.It's also important to tell our parents we love them.
【解析】
【分析】
本题要求考生以“我们应该尊敬我们的父母”为题结合所给的内容要点，写一篇作文
【详解】
这是篇材料作文，主要内容要点已给，所以考生要围绕着要点，进行写作，不要遗漏，当然顺序可以适当调整。

这篇作文又句型亮点，例如：As we know，…众所周知；.I think it's our duty to do sth等等，其次文章结构也比较清晰，例如第二段的衔接词，First of all，Then，Next，使用的简单而恰当。

3．书面表达
根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。

生活中常常会发生一些意外的事，但每个人处理事情的方式不同。

有些人冷静温和地处理，有些人简单粗暴地对待。

当你与人发生冲突时，你会如何处理呢？请你写一篇英语短文，谈谈你的经历与看法。

内容包括：
1. 请你简单叙述一次与别人发生冲突的经历；
2. 你认为该如何正确处理日常生活中发生的冲突（至少两点建议）；
3. 呼吁大家友好相处。

作文要求：
1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。

2. 语句连贯，词数80左右。

作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

Life is full of the unexpected, ___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Life is full of the unexpected. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, a schoolmate and I hit into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then we started shouting, and it turned into a terrible quarrel. To be honest, it was neither my fault nor the schoolmate’s, only because we both cared too much about winning and losing. That made me feel shameful.
In our daily lives, we should deal with these quarrels properly. Firstly, try to be friendly to each other. Secondly, we should communicate more an d put ourselves in other’s place. Don’t be a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.
It’s very important to get on well with each other. Let’s build a friendly, peaceful and safe society together and make our life better and better.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如full of，during the basketball game，each other，try to do，turn into，to be honest，neither…nor，care about，too much，deal with等。

而固定句型It’s very important to get on well with each other.和Don’t be
a selfish person and try to deal with everything calmly and wisely.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

4．书面表达
地球是我们的家园，我们作为地球的主人，就应该好好保护地球。

现在正在倡导“低碳”生活，只要我们不污染地球的环境，不浪费地球的能源，就能够让我们的周围变得更绿，生活变得更美好。

作为中学生，我们应该怎样做呢？谈谈你的想法。

内容应该包括以下几点：
1. 节约用水、用电；
2. 节约纸张，循环使用旧课本，保护森林；
3. 节约粮食，在更多的土地上种树；
4. 不乱丢杂物，保护环境；
要求：短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名；80词左右
提示词：the greenhouse gases lifestyle 低碳生活方式
How does our earth turn better?
The earth is our home. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the lift we are living will be better and better.【答案】How does our earth turn better?
The earth is our home. We should protect our earth as the owner. But how to live in the greenhouse gases lifestyle?
I think as a middle school student, we should save the resources around us, such as the water, the electricity and so on. When you wash, can you close down the water? Can you turn off the lights when you left the classroom? I think saving paper is necessary. All the used text books should be recycled. Thus, less trees won't be cut down again. If we can save more food, the peasants will plant more trees on their farm. Don't throw litter everywhere, it will pollute our environment.
If everyone can make a contribution to our earth, the lift we living will be better and better.
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如how to do，live in，around us， such as，as a middle school student，and so on，close down the water，turn off the lights，cut down，make a contribution to our earth，pollute our environment，better and better等。

而固定结构But how to live in the greenhouse gases lifestyle?和I think as a middle school student, we should save the resources around us, such as the water, the electricity and so on. /Can you turn off the lights when you left the classroom? / If we can save more food, the peasants will plant more trees on their farm.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表
达多样化，是本文的亮点。

在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。

【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。

它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。

所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。

5．书面表达
86.目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播.有人通过看历史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史，你选择哪种方法？理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。

要求：
（1）词数：80～100个。

（2）开头已给出，不计入总词数。

（3）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。

Many historical plays have been on TV
recently.________________________________________________
【答案】Many historical plays have been on TV recently. Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy 10 understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them.
Some other people think another way to learn about history is to read books on history. They believe books can tell them the true stories. They can learn and think a lot from them while reading.
I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇图表，要求介绍人们通过什么方式来了解历史。

动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。

根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。

注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。

6．假如你是李雷，你的英国笔友David发邮件向你咨询如何学好汉语。

请根据提示和要求用英语给David回复邮件。

要求：1.除上图所给提示外，再写出两条如何学好汉语的建议；
2.文中不能出现真实的人名和校名；
3.字数80词左右。

邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Best wishes.
Yours， Li Lei
【答案】Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your email. Here’s some advice on how to learn Chinese well.
It’s a good idea to watch movies. You’ll find it helpful to improve your listening skills. Reading always plays a key role in language learning, so do more reading in your spare time.
In my opinion, you’d better make more Chinese friends. They’ll be glad to lend you a hand and it provides a good chance for you to learn about Chinese culture. It’s a wise choice to use your cell phone, which allows you to use apps, QQ or WeChat to learn Chinese.
Practice makes perfect, so do remember to keep practicing every day!
Follow the advice, and I’m sure you can learn Chinese well!
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Lei
【解析】这是一篇提纲作文，让考生给英国笔友David写封回信，就如何才能学好中文给出建议。

这需要我们发挥英语思维，将提供的信息用英语完整流畅的表达出来。

写作需要用第二人称，时态主要是一般现在时，内容要点包括：观看中文电影；阅读；另外至少再写出两条建议，可自由发挥，如：学唱中文歌曲，交中国朋友，利用手机，应用程序，QQ 或微信来学习中文等等。

建议信要写出写信的原因、建议的内容及提出建议的理由和根据，理由要合情合理，语气一定要缓和，因此建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。

7．假设你是李明，去年你家里来了一位交换生，你非常开心。

请根据内容要点，写一封电子邮件给你的笔友Tony，和他分享你的快乐，告诉他你的变化。

内容要点：
1. 你是家里的独生子/女，一直觉得很孤独；
2. 去年你家里来了一位交换生，你很开心；
3. 他/她非常活泼可爱，兴趣广泛；
4. 你们一起生活、学习，你跟他她学会了很多东西，尤其是英语提高了很多；
5. 你对这段经历的感受……
参考词汇： exchange student交换生，joy（n.）欢乐，on one’s own initiative主动地
写作要求：
1. 不得使用真实姓名和学校名；
2. 包含以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯
3. 字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清楚
4. 词数80-100。

（书信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

〕
Dear Tony,
As you know, I’m the only child in my
family,______________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ming 【答案】Dear Tony,
As you know, I’m the only child in my family, and I alw ays feel lonely. Last year, an exchange student came to my family. His name is Tom. He brought me much joy and happiness. I didn’t feel lonely any more.
He is very active and lively, and has a wide range of interests. He likes playing football and does well in playing chess. We live and study together. I have learned a lot from him, he often helps me with my English on his own initiative, so I have improved my English a lot. What’s more , I have learned to share and look after my family.
I’m lucky and happy to have an exchange student. Looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Ming 【解析】
【详解】
试题分析：先读提示，要点与格式要弄清；时态语态要当心，前后呼应要一致，结构搭配莫违背；文章写好细检查，点滴小错别忽视。

学生在明确目的和掌握要领后，要严格按照规定的时间去完成作文训练任务。

最后要检查（1）要点是否齐全，有无遗漏。

（2）内容是否连贯，有无缺词。

（3）语法是否正确，人称、时态、语态、名词单复数等有无错误。

（4）用词是否得当，有无习语及固定搭配等方面的错误。

【点睛】
好作文应该是紧扣文章主题，遵循书信格式，选用恰当的语言合理组织文章结构，内容统一、连贯，语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当。

为了避免太多单词拼写错误，语法错误，不要为了追求词语的华丽而堆积一些自己也没把握的单词，不要刻意追求长句而写一些自己不知对错的有多个从句组成的长句。

考试时最好选择自己最有把握的词汇，短语，句式。

8．书面表达
初中生活即将结束。

在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“An
unforgettable in my school life”为题，用英语写一篇短文。

讲述
一个你最难忘的人或事。

要求: 1.请补全题目，如teacher. classmate或trip等:
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名;
3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。

【答案】An unforgettable teacher in my school life
For these three years, I regard my English teacher as one of my best teachers. She not only helps me with my English but also cares for me in life. When I first learned English ,I dared not talk in her class because of my pronunciation. She taught me how to pronounce the words correctly again and again with patience. After class , she gave me lots of advice on how to learn English well. Now I can speak English as well as my classmates. She looks after me like my mother while I am busy studying. We have fun doing sports together .She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是话题作文，介绍自己难忘的人或事。

【详解】
1.本篇要求学生自己补全题目，确定写作的目标，写自己3年初中校园生活里难忘的人或事，描述难忘的人用第三人称，讲述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，开头和结尾一般性阐述，用一般现在时；书写时要围绕中心“unforgettable”，叙述清楚具体的事件或情节，文章结构要清晰明了，注意短语、句型的正确使用。

2.本篇例文叙述难忘的英语老师，开头句“regard my English teacher as one of my best
te achers.”直入主题，正文部分详细描述了老师如何耐心的多方面的帮助自己，结尾句.She is so kind and helpful that I can’t forget her in my school life.呼应中心词unforgettable。

整篇文章结构严谨，紧扣主题，前呼后应。

3.高分亮点：巧用连词，not only…but also，because of as well as，so…that…句子得以有机结合；短语how to do sth，teach sb to do sth，care for也为文章的语言增色不少。

9．为响应我市全面创建国家文明城市的号召，丽水市中小学开展“文明城市，健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。

请你以“The Civilized City, the Healthy Life”为题，根据表格中的图片及文字提示，简要描述并适当发表自己的观点，写一篇英语短文。

The Civilized City, the Healthy Life
注意：
(1)词数80-100左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(2)文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名。

The Civilized City, the Healthy Life
As a citizen of Lishui, it’s our duty to____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The Civilized City, the Healthy Life
As a citizen of Lishui, it’s our duty to help build a civilized city so that we can live a healthy life.
We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles. It’s better for us to put rubbish into the rubbish bin. In this way, we can keep our city clean. And we’d better plant more trees to protect the natural environment.
In my op inion, I’ll try my best to make our city cleaner and more beautiful. Firstly, I can save water by taking shorter showers. Secondly, I can save energy by turning off the lights when I leave the room. In a word, everyone can do something to make a difference.
【解析】
试题分析：这是一篇话题作文。

话题是“The Civilized City, the Healthy Life”；并给了一些提示和注意事项：(1)词数80-100左右，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(2)文中不得提及考生所在学校及自己的姓名。

动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，要
用上提示词，并适当发挥，要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，最后写出你的观点。

注
意主谓一致问题。

写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。

注意单词
拼写，不要犯单词拼写错误，字数要符合要求。

【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的作文，本文很好地完成了试题规定的任务。

覆盖所有内
容要点；要点全面，结构连贯；语言规范，叙事清楚，词汇及时态运用正确，能够把提示
的内容叙述清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，没有单词拼写错误，字数符合题目要求。