高二英语人教版必修5《Unit 4 Making the news》期末知识梳理

人教新课标版高二必修五Unit 4 Making the news期末知识梳理
一、训练导入
I.考纲单词
写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)
1.editor
2.delighted
3.assist
4.eager
5.concentrate
6.update
rm
8.meanwhile
9.case
10.accuse
11.demand
12.publish
13.gifted
14.housewife
15.crime
16.edition
17.senior
18.chief
19.approve
20.appointment
II.核心短语
1．concentrate__________集中；全身贯注于
2．in__________以防万一
3．__________of在……前面
4．__________as to (do sth.)为了(做)……
5．on one’s__________独自，靠自己，独立
6．be get absorbed__________注意，全身贯注于
7．make an__________约会，预约
8．have a good__________for对……有敏感的嗅觉
9．keep sth. in__________记住
10．be__________to应当
二、知识精讲
I.重点词汇
1.concentrate vt.集中；聚集
[典例]
1）Authority was concentrated in the president. 政权集于总统一身
2）We concentrated on the task before us. 我们专注于眼前的任务
[重要用法]
concentration n. 集中，专心
with deep concentration专心
concentrate one's attention on [upon] 把注意力集中在
2.course n.过程；进程；课程；一道菜
[典例]
a course of medical treatments. 医学治疗的一个疗程
a short -term course短期班
a dinner of five courses有五菜的正餐
3.trade 1) vi.交易, 买卖, 经商, 对换, 购物vt.用...进行交换2) n.行业；贸易；商业
[典例]
1）He is engaged in trade.他经商。

2）This is the trick of the trade. 这是经商的诀窍。

3）England trades with nearly all the countries in the world.英国几乎与世界上所有的国家进行贸易往来。

[重要用法]
trade in…做...生意, 经营
trade sth. for sth.以...换取...;
trade sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物
4.defend vt.防护,护卫; 以行动, 语言或文字替...辩护或答辩
[典例]
1）defend the motherland保卫祖国
2）The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。

[重要用法]
defend against保卫; 抵抗
defend from保护, 保卫(使不受伤害)
5.senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的n.年长者，长辈
[典例]
senior staff高级职员
a senior officer高级军官
a senior high school高中
senior student高年级学生
she has a good relationship with her senior.
[重点用法]
be senior to…比……年长
6.approve vt. 赞成；称许；批准
[典例]
1) Her father will never approve of her marriage to you. 他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。

2) Congress approved the budget. 国会批准了国家预算。

7.polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色
[典例]
1) Silver polishes easily with this special cloth. 用这块特殊的布能很容易把银擦亮。

2) When handed in, the article needs polishing. 文章交上去前得进行修改。

8.employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用
[典例]
1)He is employed in an international company.他在一家跨国公司任职。

2)She is good at employing her time.她善于利用时间。

[重点用法]
in the employ of sb. =in sb.'s employ受...雇用
out of employ失业
9.intention n. 意图, 目的
[典例]
1) The leader has no intention of cooperating with such a small company.领导无意与小公司合作。

2) If I've hurt your feeling, it was quite without intention. 如果我伤了你的感情那完全是无意的。

[重点用法]
by intention故意
without intention无意中, 不是故意地
have no intention of doing ... 无意做...
II.重点词组
1.on one’s own 独自；独立
[解释] on one’s own 意为“独自”的同by oneself; 不同于”of one’s own” “自己的”
[典例]
1）She got the job on her own.她靠自己获得了这份工作。

2）Anyone who can solve the computer problem on his own will be admitted to our working group.
任何能独立解决这个电脑问题的人可以被录取到我们这个工作组。

2. have a good “nose” for sth. 探查发现某事物的能力
[典例]
1) Experienced teachers often have sharp noses for students’ problem. 有经验的老师通常对学生问题很敏感。

2) As a reporter, Jane has a nose for a story. 作为记者，简善于发现题材。

[短语归纳]
have an eye for对……有鉴赏能力
have a good ear for对…会欣赏
have a gift for有…方面的天赋
3. be supposed to应当；认为必须
[典例]
1) You are supposed to come here early.你应该早点过来的。

2) He was supposed to have passed the driving license but failed.他本该通过驾照考试的，但失败了。

4. look forward to盼望
[典例]
1）Many senior students are looking forward to graduation due to the heavy burden.
由于不堪重负许多高中生期待着毕业.
2）The daughter is looking forward to seeing her parents after many years departure.
分开多年后，女儿渴望见到她的父母亲。

[短语归纳]含介词to的短语
stick to 坚持lead to 导致, 通向pay a visit to 参观
sentence sb. to 宣判某人come to 谈到, 涉及see to 处理，负责
be up to 总计devote…to 致力于get down to 开始/着手
2) The driv er’s carelessness led to the traffic accident.
5. be/feel guilty of有罪;因…负疚
[典例]
1) The naughty boy felt guilty of what he had done to the teacher.那调皮的男孩为他对老师所做的事情而感到内疚。

2) The child felt guilty of telling a lie and said “sorry” to his mother. 那小孩因为撒谎而内疚，并向他母亲表示歉意。

[短语归纳]
feel sorry for 同情
6. so as to 以致;为了
[典例]
1) The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.那名记者举手想获得向新闻发言人提问的机会。

2) The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.母亲护着婴儿为了保护他免受伤害。

[短语归纳]
so…as to…如此……以致于……
in order to 为了……
III.重点句型
Not only am I interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. 我不仅仅只是对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还专修过摄影呢,所以对此我真是特别感兴趣.
[解释] not only…but also ..不但…而且…,当否定的短语not only放在句首,句子用倒装.
[典例]
1）By reciting many articles, we can not only improve our writing skill but also train our memory. 通过背诵一些文章,我们不仅能够提高写作能力,还可以训练我们的记忆.
2）Not only does she do well in her job, but she is always ready to help others.
她不仅工作出色,还乐于助人.
三、语法突破
倒装句
一、倒装的意义及分类
二、倒装的基本用法
【特别提示】注意掌握until的以下三种句式：
1．Jack didn't understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything．
直到母亲把一切都告诉杰克之后，他才明白母亲为什么生他的气。

2．Not until she told him everything did Jack understand why hi8 mother was．angry with him．3．It was not until his mother told him everything that Jack understood why his mother was angry
with him．
【考题印证】
1.（2012江西卷）32Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A. had she
B. she had
C. has she
D. she has
【解析】特殊句式，倒装C 。

Never放句首，句子要用部分倒装结构，从后面的can可以看出是描写现在的情况，用现在时态，这里用完成时，句意：她从来都没有看到过任何人打网球和Robert一样好的。

2.（2012辽宁卷）32. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. he considered
D. did he consider
【解析】D。

特殊句式—倒装。

Not until位于句首时句子要倒装，consider having a holiday abroad 这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。

3．（2012天津卷）Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.
did she notice B. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has noticed 【解析】A。

考查Only+状语位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，notice是发生在read之后的动作，故用一般过去时。

【真题体验】
1. (2011，重庆卷)Unsatisfied_________with the payment，he took the job just to get somework experience．
A．though was he R though he was C he was though D.was he though
2.(2011，山东卷)So sudden________that the enemy had n0 time to escape·
A.did the attack B the attack did C．was the attack D．the attack was
3.(2011，陕西卷)Little________about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself．
A.did Rose care B Rose did care C Rose does care D．does Rose care
4.(2011，四川卷)We laugh at jokes，but seldom_______about how they work．
A.we think B think we C we do think D．do we think’
5.(2011，江西卷)Not until he left his home________to know how important the family was for him.
A.did he begin B had he begun C．he began D．he had begun
6（2010四川卷）We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.
A. we think
B. think we
C. we do think
D. do we think
【答案解析】
1.【解析】B。

考查though引导让步状语从句时的倒装。

该句前后是让步关系，由though引导从句，所以将从句中的表语(unsatisfied)提前构成倒装结构。

2.【解析】C。

考查so*··that结构中的倒装。

当“so+形容词”位于句首，表示“如此……以致……”时，主句部分要倒装。

So sudden为形容词，故使用系动词was。

3.【解析】A。

考查部分倒装乞little表示否定，位于句首要使用部分倒装句式，根据从句语境可知要使用一般过去时态。

4.【解析】D。

考查否定副词seldom位于句首时的部分倒装。

seldom为否定副词，放在句首，应使用部分倒装，故选择D。

5.【解析】A。

not until放在句首要用部分倒装，翻译为“直到……才……”；又begin发生在left 之后或同时发生，故排除过去完成时，采用一般过去时。

6.【解析】D。

考查倒装。

seldom为否定副词放句首, 用部分倒装, 故选D。

句意为“我们因笑话而笑, 但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。

”
二、全部倒装
1.（2012四川卷）5This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently.
A. is there
B. there is
C. is it
D. it is
【解析】C 本题考查倒装句。

nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不
是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。

我的故事的结局不同。

”选代词it。

故答案选C。

2.(2011，上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_________．
A．fleeing the thief B．was fleeing the thief C．the thief was fleeing D．fled the thief 【解析】D。

考查倒装。

表示方位的副词away位于句首，句子要使用完全倒装。

该句陈述过去的瞬间动作，故用一般过去时。

3.(2011，陕西卷)John opened the door．There__________he had never seen before
A a girl did stand B．a girl stood C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
【解析】D。

考查倒装结构。

there放在句首，且主语为名词，故采用全部倒装结构。

【真题体验】
1.（2012重庆卷）33The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.
A. does he even given
B. he even gives
C. whether
D. he will even given
2.（2012山东卷）31. —I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
—_________. I can’t s tand all this rain.
A. I don’t care
B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I I hope not
3.(2011，重庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_______，one of the ten largest cities in China．
A．lies Chongqing B Chongqing lies C does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie
4.(2011，福建卷)For a moment nothing happened then_________and shouting together．
A voices had come R carrie voices C voices would come D．did voices come
5.（2010·重庆卷33）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
6.(2010江西卷33). Not until he left his home to know how important the family was
for him.
A. did he begin
B. had he begun
C. he began
D. he has began
7.（2010四川卷9）We laugh at jokes，but seldom about how they work．
A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think
8.（2010·重庆卷33）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
9.（2010湖北）Only if people of all the countries are united ________（我们才能解决）the existing problems in the world. (solve)
10.（陕西卷）John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand
B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand
D. stood a girl
【答案解析】
1.【解析】C。

特殊句式—倒装结构空白处前为否定词“nor”位于句首，句子应该使用部分倒装结构，而且根据语境空白处应使用一般将来时，C选项符合题意。

因此，正确答案为C选项。

2.【解析】C。

特殊句式；倒装。

根据后面一句中的I can’t stand all this rain可知，此处与上一
句中的I’m sick and tired of the weather表达同样的感受，因此应该用So am I，表示“我也是”。

选项A和D都与后面一句话矛盾；B的意思是“很难说”，不符合句意。

3.【解析】A。

表示方位的地点状语提前，句子采用完全倒装，故选择A。

4.【解析】B。

考查全部倒装。

表示时间的副词now，then及表示方位的副词here，there置于句首，并与come，go，arrive等表示位移变化的动词连用，且主语不是人称代词，要采用全部倒装。

5.【解析】A。

考查倒装。

表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。

6.【解析】A。

not until所引导的状语（从句）放在句首要用部分倒装, 翻译为直到, 所以begin 发生在left之后或同时发生。

7.【解析】D。

考查倒装。

seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。

句意为“我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。

”
8.【解析】A。

考查倒装。

表示方位的地点状语提前，句子完全倒装，所以选A项。

9.【解析】will we be able to solve/can we solve. 倒装句only位于句首修饰状语从句要倒装。

根据“主将从现”的原则可以确认主句的助动词是“will”, 或者使用情态动词“can”
10.【解析】D 。

考查倒装句。

Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时, 句子用全部倒装句, 选D。

四、单元自测
第一节单项选择
( )1.please state your name, age and .
A entertainment
B accommodation
C occupation
D training
( )2. how do you we will to to Beijing for our holidays?
---I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.
A insist
B suppose
C want
D suggest
( )3.If he finished his dinner a little sooner, he wouldn’t have missed the 8;30 train.
A would have
B was
C had
D had been
( )4.I’d love to go on the voyage to Tahiti with Robin, but I doubt if we could something like that.
A afford
B offer
C permit
D receive
( )5.Fast as you do , you can’t finish the in two hours.
A appointment
B assignment
C exception
D access
( )6.when he was very young, my chemistry teacher took in reading detective stories.
A happiness
B delight
C joy
D like
( )7.we really him for courage to say that he was wrong.
A admired
B excused
C disagreed
D hated
( )8.how about the book you are reading?
-- Good indeed.It many problems we have come across in our study.
A says
B talks
C covers
D refers
( )9.she intends to make teaching her .
A situation
B position
C employment
D profession
( )10.The fans were to have a look at the singer, waiting outside the hotel.
A eager
B worried
C sad
D satisfied
( )11.He asked us to him carrying through his plan.
A help, in
B help,on
C assist ,in
D assist ,on
( )12.students should by all means their studies though there are a lot of entertainments inviting them. A devote to B fix on C concentrate on D pay their attention ( )13.not noly Spanish, but how to type.
A does she speak, she also knows
B she speaks, does she know
C does she speak, does she also know
D she speaks, she knows
( )14.professor Hawkin asks his students to read the newspaper to keep of current events.
A watched
B observed
C informed
D noticed
( )15.the meeting will begin in 10 minutes, we can sing a few song.
A though
B however
C besides
D meanwhile
( )16. Little about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A does he care
B did he care
C he cares
D he cared
( )17.he suggested that we the work before the weekend.
A finished
B should finish
C to finish
D finishing
( )18.they stopped me of the door.
A go out
B going out
C to go out
D to going out
( )19. the spors meet we have been looking forward to finally.
A comes
B has come
C coming
D have come
( )20.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .
A breaks
B has broken
C were broken
D had been broken
( )21. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases only to people with specific knowledge.
A being known
B having been known
C to be known
D known
( )22. no need for her to go there if she doesn’t want to .
A there is
B it was
C it is
D there was
( )23.she was so in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.
A attracted
B absorbed
C drawn
D concentrated
( )24.the engineers on repair work to the bridge.
A set to
B set about
C set off
D set down
( )25.I don’t smoking in bed.
A approve
B approve of
C agree
D appoint
( )26. sleep for a longer time the next morning, Jane turned off the alarm.
A In order to
B So as to
C So that
D In order that
( )27.the newspaper her the accused.
A protected,with
B proteced,for
C defended,for
D defended, against
( )28.the doctor warned Pat against smoking as soon as possible and .
A so it was with Pat
B so did Pat
C so Pat did
D Pat does so
( )29. this kind of books is intended children only.
A for
B as
C with Dup
( )30.I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
-- I think so. He for it months.
A is preparing
B was preparing
C had been preparing
D has been preparing
第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分；满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Several months ago I was involved in a car accident. That moment 1 my views on life.
All my life 1 had been waiting 2 I could get my driver's 3 and my first car. When I 4 got my license and my dad brought the car to the house, I felt very 5 . From that day on, the most 6 thing in my life was that car. Every day I would get home and 7 what else I could do to make it better. My car was my 8 and joy and when 1 had fixed it up into "perfect" condition, I finally began to 9 it. Every time I got into my car I felt the greatest, _ 10 nothing could stop me, but one day I was 11 that just like every other person, I could be broken.
One night, though it was too 12 outside to see clearly, I was in the 13 with my friends. I felt unstoppable while driving, 14 soon enough I was shown that I wasn't. While driving down a main street I felt 1 was 15 the car. It was flying. When I 16 what was happening, the only thing I could do was protect my friends from being hurt badly.
After the accident I don't remember much, but I do remember the 17 I was in, not only physical but also the thought that the lives of others were 18 for a few seconds and I may have dropped them. The memory of that day will never 19 me. I learned that material things should 20 be the most important things in your life. I also learned that I need to appreciate the things and people around me.
1. A. formed B. changed C. replaced D. moved
2. A. until B. after C. when D. since
3. A. test B. guide C. advice D. license
4. A. finally B. happily C. actually D. immediately
5. A. interested B. surprised C. excited D. embarrassed
6. A. difficult B. comfortable C. successful D. important
7. A. notice B. watch C. see D. find
8. A. pride B. memory C. task D. inspiration
9. A. repair B. check C. drive D. clean
10 A. though B. as if C. even though D. despite
11. A. shown B. decided C. thought D. appeared
12. A. cold B. wet C. dark D. fine
13. A. office B. house C. school D. car
14. A. so B. because C. but D. before
15. A. taking advantage of B. losing control of
C. making use of
D. putting an end to
16. A. expected B. realized C. accepted D. wondered
17 A. situation B. surprise C. hospital D. pain
18. A. in my hands B. within my reach C. beyond my imagination D. at my mercy
19. A. impress B. leave C. trouble D. interrupt
20. A. always B. sometimes C. never D. mainly
单元自测答案：
第一节1-30 CBCAB BACDA CCACD BBBAC DABAB ADCAD 第二节1-5 BADAC 6-10 DCACB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BDABC。