21.非谓语动词解题四部曲

《非谓语动词解题四步曲》分享人：北京大学刘洋
非谓语动词概念01 非谓语动词解题步骤02 非谓语动词与高考03
分享人：北京大学刘洋
本节要点
非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。

非谓语动词不定式to do 表将来和主动
动词ing:
表进行和主动
动词ed：
表完成和
被动
一、分析句子结构
二、分析逻辑主语
三、分析语态
四、分析时态
一. 分析句子结构1._____, but he fell.
2. _____ , he fell.
A.Running away
B. Run away
C. He ran away 分析：
句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面与后句一样也是个 独立句子成分，故选C 。

句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，C A
3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .
4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .
5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office .
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turn
D. Turned
Exercises
A C
C
确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。

非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。

非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。

若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。

怎么加?
Winter_______, it gets colder and colder.
A. come
B. came
C. coming
D. to come
First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products,
与句子的主语一致, 故选B
分析：非谓语动词的逻辑主语是winter
，与句子的主语不一致。

三. 分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1.______from space , the earth looks blue .
2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See
A B 这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选A ， 用过去分词表被动。

句2. 我们"主动看......"即表主动，故选B 。

Exercises
3. The dirty clothes ____ , the girl hung them up outside .
4. ____ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
A. was washed
B. washed
C. were washed
D. Having washed
分析：句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语，逻辑主语 是“the dirty clothes”，和动词搭配表示“衣 被洗“，故选B 。

句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语”the girl“，表示”女 洗衣服"，为主动关系，故选D 。

B D
四.分析时态
在选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生的时间问题，即时态, 是进行时还是完成时?
不定式
to do
主动被动
一般式to write to be written
进行式to be writing
完成式to have written to have been written
之后
同时
之前
及物动词
动名词
/
现在分词doing
主
动
被动
一般式writing being written
进行式
完成式having written having been written
过去分词done 主 动被 动 一般式
done
进行式完成式
1.The building ______now will be a restaurant .
2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.
A. having been built
B. to be built
C. being built
D. built
Exercises
C
B
D
分析: 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。

句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修，故用表将来的不定式，选B。

句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词, 选D
Exercises
1.He stood there ______for his mother .
2. ______ for two hours , he went away .
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. waited
D. Having waited A D 句1表示"站在那等"，两个动词同时发生，故选A 作伴随状语。

句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词"went away "之前，故用完成式，选D 。

需要注意的是，非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面。

Exercises
1.The airport ________________ (complete )next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2. Last night, there were millions of people _______ (watch ) the opening ceremony live on TV.
3 While shopping ,people sometimes can’t help ______________ (persuade) into buy something they don’t really need .
to be completed watching being persuaded
Exercises
4. The Olympic Games ,____________(play) in 776 BC ,didn’t include women players until 1912 .
5. -----Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day ? -------___________(get ) enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
6.------What do you think of the book ? --------Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___________(read) a second time.
played To get reading
Exercises
7. _________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
8. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed,_________(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
Search telling
Exercises
改错
1. It’s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.
2. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
3. After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.
4. Shake her head, she said, “It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.”
小结
分享人：北京大学刘洋
01非谓语动词解题四步曲
02在真题中体会解题步骤的运用03注意一些固定搭配的积累。