雅思备考练习提升-7

Questions 31-26
Complete the notes below.
Questions 37-40
Complete the sentences below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
37 More will be included in the future with the development of photography.
38 Companies would like to invest a lot to advertise in .
39 Designing appealing is used as a way of effective branding.
40 Graphic writing systems are of great importance in the subject of .
Test 4 Section 4 原文+注意点
Good morning everyone! Today I’m going to talk about the graphical symbol(图形符号). A graphic symbol is a written symbol that is used to represent speech, such as those used in the Greek alphabet. The term‘graphic symbol’encompass es （包围，环绕，包含的意思，同义词有involve, contain）anything from the logographs（语标，等于logotype，logogram）used in Egyptian hieroglyphic（象形文字）writing, to ancient Chinese pictogram s（象形图）. Early symbols were based on pictograph s（象形文字）and ideograms（表意文字）before they were developed into logographic writing system s. These systems are still in use in some non-literate cultures in Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. Indeed, element s of pictography are still found in modern Chinese character s, and it is often an interesting exercise to trace the origins（追溯起源，可积累词组搭配，trace的同义词有go back）of some Chinese characters. Pictographs remain in common commercial (Q31) use today as signs, instruction s, or statistical diagram s. Road signs and public toilet signs, and even flat-pack assembly instructions utilizing（原型utilize）pictures are considered pictographic.（象形文字的）
Ancient graphic writing systems provide researchers with a wealth of（同义词有numerous, plenty of）knowledge (Q32) about past civilisations. In 1799, one of the most important historical discoveries was made by accident when members of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt found a stone in Rosetta that exhibit ed there different script s. The stone, now known as the Rosetta Stone, was studied in significant（同义词有virtual, remarkable,反义词有insignificant, meaningless等）depth by scholars, and was first deciphered （破译）by Frenchman Jean-Francois Champollion in 1822. He was able to correctly determine the phonetic values of the symbols, and later research has confirm ed his findings. In many of these symbols，lines (Q33) are used to portray（同义词有represent和figure等）a multitude of meanings, and knowledge and understanding of these lines holds the key to comprehension of graphic writing systems.
A key moment in the history of communication was the invention of the camera obscura, or camera. Although the concept can be traced back to the fifth century B.C. Chinese philosopher Mo Ti，the first photographic image was ultimately created in 1826 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce. Photography,(Q34) as it was later known, enable s researchers to piece together and better understand history. Today, photography forms a huge part of everyday life and most publications contain a vast number of photographs. Photography is used in advertising, and is now becoming a way to increase awareness of existing world issues. For example, animal welfare charities are increasingly using photography to advertise (Q35) animals that are at high risk of endangerment. Charity workers are sometimes flown to far-flung（遥远的，同义词有distant, remote）location s to document the suffering endure d by high-risk（高风险的，反义词low-risk）animals in an attempt to（力图，试图）raise（同义词enhance，词组搭配raise awareness提高意识）human awareness of their consumption activities（消费行为）, and how they impact others. One recent high profile campaign was undertaken by attaching a camera to the foot (Q36) of a bird, in order to obtain photographs of the animals in their natural habitat s, and understand how often they come into contact with human waste. A soon-to-be -released documentary about the suffering of animals on Midway Island shows the full extent to which human consumption is harming animals thousands of miles away from us.
As photography continues to progress, with the use of drones now becoming somewhat commonplace, we should expect more and more objects(Q37) to be included in the future, expanding the horizon of photography ever further. Indeed, the downward pressure on traditional media prices means that media companies are being forced to get creative on how to make a profit（词组：盈利）. Many have found that the answer to this lies in advertising, and companies are now willing to devote a large portion of their budgets to advertising in newspapers. (Q38) By the same token （词组：同样的）, marketing has become an essential（同义词有elementary, fundamental, basic等）part of a company’s business model, often meaning the success or failure of a company. As a result, much time and money has been pumped into the development of effective branding，with attractive packaging (Q39) playing a large role in this. However, many governments are now seen to be cracking down on（词组：严加管制，严加治理）marketing and packaging in an attempt to protect consumers from being misled. In particular, tobacco companies are now subject to ever increasing regulation. For example, in the United Kingdom, legislation is soon to pass preventing any form of branding or differentiation on cigarette packaging in efforts to curb the harmful effects of smoking.（词组：抑制吸烟的有害影响，这些词语搭配平时可以多作积累，在写作中也可以用到）
Finally, one must not forget the fundamental role that graphic writing systems have had to play in mathematics. (Q40) Graphs, icons, and diagrams often form the very basis of these branches of academia. Indeed, one needs to look no further than chemistry’s periodic table（化学周期表）to see a perfect example of graphic writing systems in use today.
Test 4 Section 4 解析
Question 31 commercial
题目的关键词是use today。

音频中直接提到：Pictographs remain in common commercial use today as signs, instructions, or statistical diagrams. Pictography的意思是象形文字。

Question 32 knowledge
细节题。

音频中提到：Ancient graphic writing systems provide researchers with a wealth of knowledge about past civilisations.（古代象形文字的书写为研究者提供了关于古代文明的大量信息）。

Question 33 lines
同义替换。

题目中提到：depict various meanings（描述多种意义）。

而音频中提到：lines are used to portray a multitude of meanings。

在这里，portray a multitude of meanings是题目depict various meanings的同义替换词，考生在读题时就应有所预感，听力原文中可能会有同义词出现，平时可多做积累。

Question 34 Photography
细节题。

音频中提到：Photography, as it was later known, enables researchers to piece together and better understand history. Photography的意思是摄影，摄影术。

注意首字母需大写。

Question 35 advertise
细节题。

音频中提到：animal welfare charities are increasingly using photography to advertise animals that are at high risk of endangerment. （动物保护慈善机构越来越多的使用照片，为濒临灭绝的动物做宣传）。

At high risk of 是面临高风险的意思；endangerment是危害，受到危害的意思。

Question 36 foot
同义替换。

音频中提到：One recent high profile campaign was undertaken by attaching a camera to the foot of a bird。

题目中的词“tie”是attaching的同义替换词，是“系”的意思。

Question 37 objects
细节题。

音频中提到：we should expect more and more objects to be included in the future。

注意填写时注意单复数，别因细节失分。

Question 38 newspapers
细节题。

音频中提到：…and companies are now willing to devote a large portion of their budgets to advertising in newspapers. 填写时注意单复数。

Devote to 在这里是把…用于的意思。

Question 39 packaging
同义替换。

音频中提到：As a result, much time and money has been pumped into the development of effective branding，with attractive packaging playing a large role in this. （为了品牌效应，人们投入更多的时间和金钱，其中好看的包装发挥了很大的作用）。

在这里attractive是appealing的同义词，故此处填写packaging。

Question 40 mathematics/math/maths
同义替换。

音频中提到：one must not forget the fundamental role that graphic writing systems have had to play in mathematics. 在这里fundamental是题目中great importance的同义词，考生在做此类题目时，不能指望听力中有原词出现，但可以在读题时有所预感和猜测，平时多作积累。