英语todo不定式知识点总结
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英语to do不定式知识点总结
在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的⼀种不带词形变化从⽽不指⽰⼈称、数量、时态的形式。
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英语to do不定式知识点总结⼀、作宾语
后⾯能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like 等。
例如:We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天⿊以前到那⼉。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定⾃⼰做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项:
1、有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:
remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事
forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停⽌做某事
go on to do 继续做另⼀件事
go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
例如:I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪⼉见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记得关好灯。
2、不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补⾜语,则要把不定式放到后⾯,⽤it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难⼊睡。
英语to do不定式知识点总结⼆、作宾语补⾜语
1、后⾯能接to不定式作宾语补⾜语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
例如:The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. ⽼师要我们做练习⼀。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理⾃⾏车。
2、使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
例如:Let‘s have a rest. 我们休息⼀会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
注意:感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表⽰动作的全部过程已结束;后者表⽰动作正在进⾏。
例如:I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。
(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。
(说明他下楼时的情景)
英语to do不定式知识点总结三、作状语
例如:Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市⼯作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看⾜球⽐赛了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.为了赶上其他同学,我必须努⼒学习。
英语to do不定式知识点总结四、作定语
不定式作定语⼀般放在所修饰的词的后⾯。
例如:1)I need something to eat.
2)Do you have something to read?
3)Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
4)He is really a fool only to eat.
5)The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
6)The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在⽅位或⽅式关系需要有介词。
例如:I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找⼀间住房。
(⽅位关系)
We have many things to do experiments with.
我们有许多做实验的东西(⽅式关系)
(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
例如:Here there isn‘t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以⾃豪的事。
英语to do不定式知识点总结五、作主语
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时,可以⽤it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后⾯。
It‘s better to give than to receive.
It‘s impossible to reach there on foot.
It‘s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It‘s not difficult for me to study English well.
It‘s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中,如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切,并且形容词⽤来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特点等,由of引出逻辑主语。
这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
英语to do不定式知识点总结六、与疑问词连⽤
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连⽤,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补⾜语等。
例如:How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
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