高中英语 Unit 4 Cyberspace Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson 2

Section ⅣLanguage Points(Ⅱ)
(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．We should contribute to the Hope Project(工程)．
2．They are planning a nuclear(原子能的) power plant.
3．It is important to build up a network(网络) of professional contacts.
4．By the time he died，he was a millionaire(百万富翁)．
5．You should keep the ticket，because it is checked at the destination(目的地)．
6．Tom was rejected by the air force because of his bad eyesight.
7．The professor has made several new scientific discoveries.
8．He is writing a historical novel about the nineteenth­century France.
9．When I was 17，I packed my bags and left home.
10．The title of a book，play，film or piece of music is its name.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．suggestion n．建议，提议→suggest vt.提议，建议
2．arrangement n．安排→arrange v．安排，筹备，排列
3．scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家4．millionaire n．百万富翁→million n．百万；无数adj.百万的；无数的num.百万5．smoker n．吸烟者→smoke vt.吸烟→non­smoker n．(反义词)非吸烟者
[寻规律、巧记忆]
根据提示补全下列短语
1．get in touch(with) (和……)取得联系
2．hang on (电话用语)别挂断
3．be up to 做；从事于
4．make suggestions 提建议
5．make an arrangement 做安排
6．depend on/upon 取决于；依靠
7．have problems with 在……方面有麻烦
8．what's more 另外，而且
9．in the flesh 本人亲身
10．do with 处理
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．It has been five years since I got in touch with him. 2．What should I do with this old computer?
3．It's said that the mayor will come to our city in the flesh．4．It is up to you to decide where we will go for a holiday. 5．It depends on whether you've got enough time.
[寻规律、巧记忆]
1.How about the cinema on Friday？周五去看电影如何？how about意为
“……怎么样”，
表示提出建议或征
询对方意见
By the way，I'll be free
this evening.How about
going to see a film？
顺便说一下，我今天晚上有
空，我们去看电影怎么样？
2.If I don't finish my project on the history of the Internet for
next Monday's lesson，the science teacher will be angry.
如果我完不成为下周一课程准备的关于网络发展的历史的课题，科学老师会生气的。

if引导的条件状语
从句中用一般现在
时代替一般将来时
If it doesn't rain
tomorrow，shall we go out
for play？
如果明天天不下雨，我们出
去玩好吗？
3.Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday？
你周六周日有什么安排吗？过去分词作后置定
语
Things lost never come
again.
覆水难收。

4.We would not only be able to travel around the world，but also go to study in any world famous universities we wanted to.
我们不但能周游世界，而且能到任何我们想去的世界名校学习。

not only...but
also...意为“不
但……而
且……”，用于连
接两个平行结构
You are not only clever
but also hard­working.
你不但聪明而且勤奋。

fashion n．时髦，时尚
(教材P10)Brighton Fashion Show布赖顿时尚秀
①Do you know the lady dressed in the latest fashion?你认识那位穿着时髦的女士吗？
(1)be in fashion 流行的
come into fashion 时兴起来；流行起来be/go out of fashion 过时；不流行
follow (the) fashion 赶时髦
(2)fashionable adj. 时兴的；流行的
(3)fashionably adv. 时髦地；流行地
②Some styles never go out of fashion.
有些款式永远不会过时。

③Strong colors are very fashionable(fashion) at the moment.
眼下流行艳丽的色彩。

fancy vt.想要做；幻想；喜欢；喜爱
n．幻想；爱好adj.花哨的；异样的
(教材P11)And do you fancy going to the dance on Saturday night?
星期六晚上你想不想去跳舞？
①Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia's biggest building，and fancy new hotels.
成都有几十个新的百万富翁，亚洲最大的建筑和华丽的新宾馆。

(1)fancy (doing) sth. 想要(做)某事
fancy (one's) doing sth. 想要(某人)做某事
fancy sb. to be/as... 想象某人是……
(2)have a fancy for(doing)sth. 热衷于(做)某事
take a fancy to 喜欢；爱上
I didn't fancy swimming(swim) in that water.
我不想在那水里游泳。

③He has a fancy for some wine with his dinner.
他喜欢在吃饭时喝点酒。

[名师点津]
fancy用作动词时，有时用于祈使句，表示惊讶，不相信，意为“真想不到，竟然”。

Fancy seeing you here!
真想不到在这儿见到你！
get in touch取得联系
(教材P11)Get in touch.
取得联系。

(1)get in touch with 和……取得联系(表示动作)
keep/stay in touch with 和……保持联系(表示状态)
lose touch with 和……失去联系(表示动作)
(2)be in touch with 和……有联系(表示状态)
be out of touch with 和……失去联系(表示状态)
hand.
为了更容易与我们联系，你最好把这张卡片放在身边。

②Our headteacher keeps(keep) in touch with our parents by phone.
我们班主任用电话和我们的父母保持联系。

③Soon afterwards，they did lose touch with each other.
不久后，他们彼此的确失去了联系。

[名师点津]
get in touch与lose touch表示短暂动作，不与一段时间连用。

be in touch与be out of touch表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。

hang on(电话用语)别挂断；等一下；停一下；抓紧(与to连用)；有赖于；取决于；(在逆境中)坚持；不放弃
(教材P11)Just hang on a second.
别挂电话，稍等一会儿。

写出下列句子中hang on的意思
①Don't be nervous.What you should do is hanging on to the rope when falling down.
抓紧
②We are going hiking tomorrow，but it hangs on the weather.
取决于
③The team hung on for victory.
坚持；不放弃
④The line is busy；would you like to hang on？
别挂断；等一下hang around/about 逗留；闲逛
hang up 挂断电话
hang back 犹豫，畏缩；继续留在原处
hang out 把(洗好的衣服) 晾在外面；闲逛How long are you going to hang around/about here?
你打算在这里逗留多久？
⑥The line is busy.Please hang up and try again.
目前线路正忙，请挂断重拨。

reject vt.拒绝，不接受
(教材P11)Reject suggestions
拒绝建议
①The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考虑。

(1)reject an argument/an offer/a suggestion
拒绝接受一个论点/一项提议/一个建议
(2)rejection n. 被拒绝/抛弃的东西；次品；废品
②She rejected my offer of help.
她拒绝了我主动提出的帮助。

③What are the reasons for his rejection(reject) of the theory?
他不接受这个理论的原因是什么？
arrangement n．安排
(教材P11)Make an arrangement做安排
(1)make an arrangement/arrangements for
为……做好安排
come to an arrangement 谈妥；达成协议
(2)arrange v. 安排
arrange sth.for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange for sb.to do sth. 安排某人做某事
arrange ( with sb.) to do sth. (与某人)约定做某事
我们已经做了假期安排。

②I have arranged with him to meet at the restaurant.
我和他约好在饭馆见面。

③The manager arranged for the secretary to go(go)to receive the guests. 经理安排秘书去接待客人了。

[名师点津]
在arrange for sb.to do sth.短语中，不可漏掉for。

be up to做，从事于；由……决定
(教材P11)What are you up to this weekend，John?
这个周末你打算做什么，约翰？
①Shall we eat out or stay in？It's up to you.
咱们是到外面吃饭还是待在家里？由你决定吧。

(1)up to 多达；胜任；有资格做；一直到
be up to sth./doing 能胜任某事/做某事
(2)What's ...up to? ……在忙什么？(一般指做不好的事)
(3)up to now 直到现在
up to date 跟得上形势的；时髦的；最新的
②Send us a tale about the strange behaviour of unique pets or wildlife in up to 300 words.
请用300多词给我们讲一个关于独特的宠物或野生动物的奇怪行为的故事。

③You get into the house and find out what they are up to.
你进屋看看他们究竟在搞什么鬼。

④We've kept our meetings secret up to now.
直到现在我们的会议都是保密的。

[名师点津]
be up to用法小提醒
(1)be up to中to是介词，切不可将其当作不定式符号；
(2)It's up to you.是常见的交际用语，要在实际运用中加深对它的记忆。

(教材P11)How about the cinema on Friday？周五去看电影如何？
【要点提炼】句中how about表示征求对方意见，后面还可以接v.­ing形式。

上句可改为：How about going to the cinema on Friday?
①It's a fine day.How about going out for a walk?
天气不错。

出去散步怎么样？
表示征询对方意见、看法的句型还有：
(1)What about(doing)sth.？做某事如何？
(2)What do you think of sb./sth.?
用于询问对某人(事)的看法或想法，其中的介词of也可用about替换。

(3)How do you like sb./sth.?
主要用来询问对某人(事)的感觉怎么样。

(4)How do/did you find sb./sth.?
用于询问对某人某事的感觉。

What did you think about the idea?
你原来认为这个想法怎么样？
③How do you like living in London?
住在伦敦你感觉怎样？
(教材P12)Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday?
你周六周日有什么安排吗？
【要点提炼】planned是过去分词作后置定语，修饰anything，相当于一个形容词。

动词plan与anything之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语且放在不定代词anything的
后面。

过去分词的用法很多，常用来修饰名词或代词作定语。

过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况：
(1)前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成的意思。

此时过去分词具有形容词的特点，侧重永久性的状态或特点。

(2)后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

①The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照顾。

②They are cleaning the fallen(fall) leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

③This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(write)(＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

depend on/upon取决于……；依靠；信赖
(教材P12)It depends on the weather.
这要视天气而定。

①He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以信赖的人。

(1)depend on sb.to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
depend on sb.for sth. 靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that... 指望；对……深信不疑
(2)That depends.＝It (all) depends.
视情况而定
(3)dependent adj. 依赖的，依靠的
(4)dependence n. 依赖，依靠
You may depend on it that he will join our club.
你可以指望他加入我们的俱乐部。

③As Internet users become more dependent(depend)on the Internet to store information，are people remembering less?
随着互联网用户越来越多地依赖互联网来存储信息，人们是否会记更少的事情了？
suggest vt.提议，建议；暗示，表明
(教材P12)Tom，can you suggest any good books for my project?
汤姆，你能提供一些和我做的项目有关的好参考书吗？
(1)suggest doing sth. 建议/提议做某事
suggest＋that 从句建议/暗示某事
suggest sth.to sb. 向某人建议某事
(2)suggestion n. 建议，提议
make/give/offer a suggestion
提供一条建议
accept/turn down one's suggestion
采纳/拒绝某人的建议
他们建议等到恰当的时机(再行动)。

②The dentist suggested that she (should)come(come) another day.
那位牙医建议她改天再来。

[名师点津]
(1)suggest作“建议”讲时，后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气；但作“暗示，表明”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。

(2)suggestion的同位语从句和表语从句通常用虚拟语气，即(should＋)动词原形。

[语境助记]
Her pale face suggested that she was ill，and her friends suggested that she(should)have a medical examination.
她苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她的朋友建议她做个体检。

(教材P12)But I still find it hard to imagine．
但我还是觉得令人难以想象。

【要点提炼】本句采用了“find＋it(形式宾语)＋宾补＋不定式”结构。

在动词find，consider，feel，think，make 等之后，如果宾语是不定式，而且在宾语之后带有名词或形容词作宾补，通常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在句末。

①I found it difficult to answer such a question in such a short time.
我发现让我在如此短的时间里回答这样的问题很难。

it作形式宾语主要用于两类动词之后：
(1)think/believe/suppose/feel/find/consider/make/keep/
take＋it＋名词/形容词/分词/不定式/介词短语。

(2)enjoy/hate/love/like/dislike/appreciate/prefer＋it＋if/when从句。

He felt it a duty to tell the truth to his boss.
他感到有责任将实情告诉他的老板。

③I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
要是你能帮我个忙，我将非常感激。

do with处理
(教材P13)What would Tom like to do with virtual reality?
汤姆想怎样应对虚拟现实？
①How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们的感受有很大关系。

cope with 对待；处理
deal with 处理；对待；论及
have/be to do with 与……有关
have nothing to do with 与……无关
How's he dealing(deal) with the whole thing?
这件事他应付得怎么样？
③I'd have nothing to do(do) with him，if I were you.
如果我是你，我就不会跟他有任何瓜葛。

[明辨异同]do with/deal with
do with 处理，对待。

常与what连用表示“怎样处理对待”，不能用于how引导的疑问句中。

deal with 处理，解决；涉及，其中deal是不及物动词，接宾语时需用with，表示“怎样解决(问题等)”时用疑问词how。

④I want to know what to do with the problem.
⑤I was considering how to deal with that case.
⑥What have you done with the second­hand car?
[解构长句难句]
(教材P12)Cathy，do you mean we'll use the computer to travel around the world，entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites?
【分析】本句是一个复合句。

do you mean后是省略了that的宾语从句；and连接的现在分词短语entering and exiting countries in seconds and visiting all the historical sites作伴随状语。

【翻译】凯西，你的意思是我们可以使用计算机来环游世界，在几秒钟内进出各国并参观所有的历史遗迹吗？
[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．To our joy，we got in touch 20 years later.
2．It is up to you to tell (tell) me how to do it.
3．I have a very important meeting to attend (attend) today.
4．All right.I'll call you back.Will you hang up，please?
5．Not only you but (also) she has (have) to attend the ceremony. 6．Unfortunately，I had problems making (make) new friends at my new school. 7．What about the impact of foreign aid from rich countries?
8．His suggestion is that the work should be finished (finish) ahead of time. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．他知道他可以依靠她去应付这种局面。

He knew that he could depend on/upon her to deal with the situation．
2．音乐会上用的那架钢琴是法国制造的。

The piano used at the concert is made in France.
3．我注意到她自己刚把它们包装好。

I noticed she had just finished packing them up by herself．
4．我过去经常去看萨姆，但现在我们相互已失去了联系。

I used to see Sam quite often，but now we have lost touch with each other．5．尽管年富力强，他也许不能胜任这项任务。

Though in the green，he may not be up to the task．
[语法专项突破]
if引导的条件状语从句
[精要点拨]
一、真实条件句
1．真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。

如果明天下雨的话，我们就不举行运动会了。

If you know the answer，put up your hands please.
如果你们知道答案，请举手。

If lions are hungry，they hunt other animals.
如果狮子饿了，它们就猎食其他动物。

2．在真实条件句中，有时也可用“unless＋一般现在时”谈论现在和未来要发生的事。

此时unless相当于if...not...，但并不是任何时候它们都能互换，特别是当从句的动作或事情不发生，主句的情况才能发生时，只能用if...not...。

You will not succeed unless you work hard/if you don't work hard.除非你用功，否则你就不会成功。

I will be surprised if he doesn't have an accident.
他要是不出事，我倒会感到奇怪。

(不可用unless)
[即时演练1]
单句语法填空
①If he has (have) time，he will come.
②If the weather permits (permit)，we'll go on a picnic tomorrow.
二、非真实条件句
非真实条件句用虚拟语气，if引导的非真实条件句，可以表示过去、现在和将来的情况。

如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。

If he had taken my advice，he might not have made such a bad mistake.
要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

If I had time tomorrow，I would certainly help you.
如果我明天有时间的话，我肯定会帮助你的。

[即时演练2]
单句语法填空
①If Bill had told (tell) me yesterday，I should know what to do now.
②If he had been free last week，he would have taken (take) part in the activity.
三、非真实条件句的几种特殊情况
1．省略if的非真实条件句
非真实条件句中，如果有were，had，should时，if可省略，但要把were，had或should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。

If I were at school again，I would study harder.
→Were I at school again，I would study harder.
如果我重新回到学校，我会努力学习的。

If it should be fine tomorrow，we would have the sports meeting.
→Should it be fine tomorrow，we would have the sports meeting.
如果明天天好的话，我们就开运动会。

2．错综时间条件句
在这种虚拟语气中，主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致。

因此，主句从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。

If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night.(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反)
如果我是你，就不会错过昨晚那场电影。

If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反)
要是他们一大早就出发的话，再过半小时就该到了。

3．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，不出现if条件句，而是以介词短语、并列句、副词、非谓语动词的形式出现，这种句子我们称其为“含蓄条件句”。

常见的介词(短语)有without...“没有……”，but for...“要不是……”；常用连词有but“但是”；常用副词有otherwise“否则的话”等。

The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.
要不是因为船长的努力，我们就会连船带人都沉没了。

He would have given you more help，but he was so busy at that time.
他本可以给你更多的帮助，但那时他太忙了。

I was too busy at that time.Otherwise，I would have called you.
我当时太忙了，否则我就给你打电话了。

[即时演练3]
句型转换
①If you had informed me earlier，I wouldn't have signed the contract.
→Had you informed me earlier，I wouldn't have signed the contract.
②But for your advice，I wouldn't have made such great progress.
→If it hadn't been for your advice，I wouldn't have made such great progress.
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Your new product will sell(sell)better if it is advertised on TV.
2．My mother won't allow(not allow)me to play outside if I don't finish(not finish)my homework first.
3．If you had come(come)to my house yesterday，you would have seen(see)my cousin John.
4．I don't know the word.If I knew(know)the meaning of it，I wouldn't have to look it up.
5．Without electricity human life would/could/should/might be(be)quite different today.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He wouldn't feel so cold if he was indoors.
was→were 2．If we started earlier，we couldn't have missed the first bus.started前加had
3．If Bill told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.
told→had told 4．We lost our way on the mountain，otherwise we have visited more places of interest yesterday.
have前加would 5．If I have been there，I would have helped you.
第一个have→had。