计算机英语课后习题第四版总结

UNIT 1

词组翻译

1. artificial intelligence 人工智能

2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器

3. optical computer 光计算机

4. neural network 神经网络

5. instruction set 指令集

6. parallel processing 并行处理

7. difference engine 差分机

8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件

9. silicon substrate 硅衬底

10. vacuum tube 真空管

11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data

12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit

13. 中央处理器central processing unit

14. 个人计算机personal computer

15. 模拟计算机analogue computer

16. 数字计算机digital computer

17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer

18. 处理器芯片processor chip

19. 操作指令operating instructions

20. 输入设备input device

完形填空

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes.

First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

翻译P9

计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。

虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA （脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行运算的计算。

这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。

科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。

还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。UNIT 2

词组翻译

1. function key 功能键，操作键，函数键

2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块

3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区

4. address bus 地址总线

5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪

6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）

7. parallel connection 并行连接

8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管

9. video game 电子游戏

10. audio signal 音频信号

11. 操作系统operating system

12. 液晶显示（器）LCD (liquid crystal display)

13. 喷墨打印机inkjet printer

14. 数据总线data bus

15. 串行连接serial connection

16. 易失性存储器volatile memory