计算机英语课后习题第四版总结

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计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)

两条。其一：面向连接通信分为三个阶段，第一是建立连接，在此阶段，发出一个建立连接的请求。第二阶段，只有在连接成功建立之后，保持连接状态，才能开始数据传输。第三阶段，当数据传输完毕，必须释放连接。而无连接通信没有这么多阶段，它直接进行数据传输。其二：面向连接的通信具有数据的保序性，而无连接的通信不能保证接收数据的顺序与发送数据的顺序一致。 14. Two networks each provide reliable connection-oriented service. One of them offers a reliable byte stream and the other offers a reliable message stream. Are these identical? If so, why is the distinction made? If not, give an example of how they differ.(E) 不相同。在报文流中，网络保持对报文边界的跟踪；而在字节流中，网络不做这样的跟踪。例如，一个进程向一条连接写了 1024 字节，稍后又写了另外 1024 字节。那么接收方共读了 2048 字节。对于报文流，接受方将得到两个报文。每个报文 1024 字节。而对于字节流，报文边界不被识别。接收方把全部的 2048 个字节当作一个整体，在此已经体现不出原先有两个报文的事实。 15. What does ''negotiation'' mean when discussing network protocols? Give an example.(E) 协商就是要让双方就在通信期间将使用的某些参数或数值达成一致。最大分组长度就是一个例子。 16. In Fig. 1-19, a service is shown. Are any other services implicit in this figure? If so, where? If not, why not?(E)

计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案

计算机专业英语教程（第四版）习题答案计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;1. user3. data4. keyboard5. data processingjLBHrnAILg6. information [Ex 4] instructions7. computer8. memory 3. manipulates 4.1. input device2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function6. code7. hard copy[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT 技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their1 / 30presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.LDAYtRyKfEThese processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.Zzz6ZB2Ltk 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600 系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。

计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)

damaged is p, what is the mean number of transmissions required to send a frame? Assume that acknowledgements are never lost.(M) 假设某帧传到第 k 次才传输成功，起初 k-1 次传输皆尝试失败，概率为 pk-1 , 第 k 次传输成功，概率为(1-p) ，则发送一帧成功的平均传输次数为：
1. a.
Which of the OSI layers handles each of the following: (a) Dividing the transmitted bit stream into frames.
b. (b) Determining which route through the subnet to use.（E）把传输的比特流划分为帧——数据链路层决定使用哪条路径通过子网——网络层. 19. If the unit exchanged at the data link level is called a frame and the unit exchanged at the network level is called a packet, do frames encapsulate packets or do packets encapsulate frames? Explain your answer.（E）帧封装包。当一个包到达数据链路层时，整个数据包，包括包头、数据及全部内容，都用作帧的数据区。或者说，将整个包放进一个信封(帧)里面，( 如果能装入的话)。 21. List two ways in which the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model are the same. Now list two ways in which they differ.（M）相似点：都是独立的协议栈的概念；层的功能也大体相似。不同点：OSI 更好的区分了服务、接口和协议的概念，因此比 TCP/IP 具有更好的隐藏性，能够比较容易的进行替换；OSI 是先有的模型的概念，然后再进行协议的实现，而 TCP/IP 是先有协议，然后建立描述该协议的模型；层次数量有差别； TCP/IP 没有会话层和表示层，OSI 不支持网络互连。OSI 在网络层支持无连接和面向连接的通信，而在传输层仅有面向连接的通信，而 TCP/IP 在网络层仅有一种通信模式（无连接），但在传输层支持两种模式。 22. What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?（E） TCP 是面向连接的，而 UDP 是一种数据报服务。

【VIP专享】大学计算机英语第四版课后习题答案

第七章：1.file server 文件服务器2.carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听3.protocol suite 协议组，协议集4.peer-to-peer model 对等模型5.bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6.inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作7.Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8.proprietary network 专有网络9.utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包10.star network 星形网络11.局域网 local area network (LAN)12.令牌环 token ring13.无线网络 wireless network14.封闭式网络 closed network15.环形拓扑结构 ring topology16.客户机／服务器模型 client/server model17.网络应用程序 network application18.进程间通信 interprocess communication19.打印服务器 print server 20.广域网 wide area network (WAN)1.routing path 路由选择通路2.dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3.extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4.backbone network 基干网，骨干网5.mesh topology 网格拓扑结构6.同轴电缆 coaxial cable7.逻辑拓扑结构 logical topology8.无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9.树形拓扑结构 tree topology10.目的地节点 destination node1.destination address 目的地址2.performance degradation 性能退化（或降级）3.four-interface bridge 4接口网桥mon bus 公共总线，公用总线5.数据链路层 data-link layer6.协议转换器 protocol converter7.开放式系统互连OSI (Open SystemsInterconnection)8.物理地址 physical address第八章：1.cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2.IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3.autonomous system 自主系统4.dial-up connection 拨号连接work identifier 网络标识符6.binary notation 二进制记数法7.mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8.Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统 server 名称服务器10.Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11.助记地址 mnemonic address12.网吧 cyber cafe13.宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access14.顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD)15.因特网编址 Internet addressing16.点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation17.因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18.专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection19.主机地址 host address20.硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support1.incoming message 来报，到来的报文2.application layer 应用层3.utility software 实用软件4.sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5.remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6.端口号 port number7.软件例程 software routine8.传输层 transport layer9.文件传送协议 FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10.万维网浏览器 Web browser1.wildcard character 通配符2.Copy command 复制命令3.search operator 搜索算符4.home page 主页5.回车键 Enter key6.搜索引擎 search engine7.嵌入代码 embedded code8.超文本标记语言 Hypertext Markup Language第九章：1.server farm 大型机服务器2.access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3.storage area network 存储区域网（络）4.high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5.server cluster 服务器集群6.public cloud 公共云7.grid computing 网格计算8.security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9.social networking 社交网络10.utility computing 效用计算11.云计算提供商 cloud computing provider12.存储芯片 memory chip13.基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14.网络带宽 network bandwidth15.混合云 hybrid cloud16.磁盘阵列 disk array17.软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS)18.集群计算 cluster computing 19.虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources20.多核处理器 multi-core processorputer vision 计算机视觉2.ubiquitous computing 普适计算mand line 命令行4.data logging system 数据记录（或登录）系统5.augmented reality 增强现实6.移动网络 mobile network7.平板电脑 tablet computer8.物联网 Internet of Things9.智能电网 smart power grid10.传感器融合 sensor fusion1.notebook computer 笔记本2.wireless hotspot 无线热点3.Short Message Service 短信（服务）4.wearable computer 可穿戴计算机，穿戴式计算机5.移动电话 mobile phone6.条形码阅读器 barcode reader7.网站 Web site8.智能手机 smart phone第十章：1.backup system 备份系统2.encryption key （加密）密钥3.data confidentiality 数据机密性4.system vulnerability 系统脆弱性，系统脆弱之处5.unauthorized access 未经授权的访问，越权存取6.intrusion detection system 入侵检测系统7.after-action recovery 事后恢复8.software piracy 软件侵权9.authorized user 特许用户10.data unit 数据单元，数据单位11.软件版本 software version12.数据完整性 data integrity13.系统崩溃 system crash14.病毒检查软件 virus-checking software15.综合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16.软件配置管理 software configuration management17.故障隔离 fault isolation18.统计数据库 statistical database 19.保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20.数据流 data stream1.phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2.graphics card 显（示）卡3.heuristic analysis 试探性分析4.infected file 被感染文件5.virus dictionary 病毒字典6.数据捕获 data capture7.恶意软件 malicious software8.病毒特征代码 virus signature9.防病毒软件 antivirus software10.内存驻留程序 memory-resident program1.maintenance hook 维护陷阱2.multipartite virus 多成分病毒3.authentication procedure 验证过程，认证过程4.instant messaging 即时通信，即时消息5.系统登录程序 system login program6.逻辑炸弹 logic bomb7.多威胁恶意软件 multiple-threat malware8.源代码 source code第十一章：1.mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2.proprietary software 专有软件 line 抄送行4.bcc line 密送行5.forwarded e-mail message 转发的电子邮件6.e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7.click on an icon 点击图标8.confidential document 密件，秘密文件9.classified information 密级信息10.recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11.常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12.已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail13.电子系统 electronic system14.附件行 Attachments line15.版权法 copyright law16.电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette17.信息高速公路 information superhighway18.签名文件 signature file19.电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program20.文字处理软件 word processor1.web-authoring software 网络写作软件2.template generator 模版生成程序3.navigation page 导航页面4.corporate logo 公司标识5.splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6.导航条 navigation bar7.节点页面 node page8.网站地图 site map9.可用性测试 usability testing10.图形交换格式 gif（Graphics Interchange Format）1.message board 留言板，消息板2.software vendor 软件供应商，软件厂商3.anonymous message 匿名消息4.video clip 视频剪辑，视频片段5.过滤软件 filtering software6.版权侵犯 copyright infringement7.网络中立性 network neutrality8.网络运营商 network operator第十二章：1.customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2.B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3.dial-up modem 拨号调制解调器4.dot-com bust 网络不景气5.smart card 智能卡6.digital piracy 数字盗版7.dot-com boom 网络繁荣8.C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9.Web auction site 拍卖网站10.fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11.射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12.电子数据交换 electronic data interchange (EDI)13.库存管理技术 inventory management technology14.知识产权 intellectual property15.条形码 bar code16.货币兑换 currency conversion17.电子图书 electronic book18.视网膜扫描仪 retina scanner19.个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)20.企业对企业电子商务 B2B electronic commerce1.software suite 软件套件2.text box 文本框3.virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4.static catalog 静态目录5.browser session 浏览器会话期6.动态目录 dynamic catalog7.购物车软件 shopping cart software8.供应链 supply chain9.企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10.税率 tax rate1.privacy policy 隐私政策2.identity theft 身份（信息）盗取3.affiliate marketing 联属网络营销，联盟营销4.postal money order 邮政汇票5.零售网站 retail website6.信用卡 credit card7.货到付款 cash on delivery8.安全套接层 Secure Sockets Layer。

计算机专业英语教程第四版习题答案

计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1[Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory3. central processing unit4. internal; primary; memory5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor[Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. HB. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing6. information7. computer8. memory[Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve6. code7. hard copy8. Function[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔XeonE5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。

计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)

damaged is p, what is the mean number of transmissions required to send a frame? Assume that acknowledgements are never lost.(M) 假设某帧传到第 k 次才传输成功，起初 k-1 次传输皆尝试失败，概率为 pk-1 , 第 k 次传输成功，概率为(1-p) ，则发送一帧成功的平均传输次数为：
medium-speed line, a low-speed line, or no line. If it takes 100 ms of computer time to generate and inspect each topology, how long will it take to inspect all of them?(E) 将路由器称为 A，B，C，D 和 E. 则有 10 条可能的线路；AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE,和 DE 每条线路有 4 种可能性(3 速度或者不是线路)，拓扑的总数为 410 = 1,048,576。检查每个拓扑需要 100 ms，全部检查总共需要 104,857. 6 秒，或者稍微超过 29 个小时。 9. A group of 2n - 1 routers are interconnected in a centralized binary tree, with a router at each tree node. Router i communicates with router j by sending a message to the root of the tree. The root then sends the message back down to j. Derive an approximate expression for the mean number of hops per message for large n, assuming that all router pairs are equally likely.(H) 这意味着，从路由器到路由器的路径长度相当于路由器到根的两倍。若在树中，根深度为 1，深度为 n，从根到第 n 层需要 n-1 跳，在该层的路由器为 0.50。从根到 n-1 层的路径有 router 的 0.25 和 n--2 跳步。因此，路径长度 l 为： l = 0.5*(n-1)+0.25*(n-2)+0.125*(n-3)…… 结果化简为 l＝n－2，平均路由路径为 2n-4。 10. A disadvantage of a broadcast subnet is the capacity wasted when multiple hosts attempt to access the channel at the same time. As a simplistic example, suppose that time is divided into discrete slots, with each of the n hosts attempting to use the channel with probability p during each slot. What fraction of the slots are wasted due to collisions?(H) 区分 n-2 事件。事件 1 到 n 由主机成功地、没有冲突地使用这条信道的事件组成。这些可能性的事件的概率为 p(1－p)n-1 。事件 n+1 是一个空闲的信道，其概率为(1- p)n。事件 n+2 是一个冲突。由于事件 n+2 互斥，它们可能发生的事件必须统一合计。冲突的可能性等于那些小部分的槽的浪费，只是 1－ np(1－p)n-1 － (1－p)n 11. What are two reasons for using layered protocols?(M) 通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段分层意味着某一层的协议的改变不会影响高层或低层的协议 13. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connection-oriented communication?(E)

计算机英语(第4版)课文翻译与课后答案

第一部分《计算机英语》参考译文第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。

要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。

不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。

计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。

在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。

数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。

同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。

计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。

二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯?帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。

这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。

轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。

17世纪70年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德?威廉?莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。

法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽?雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。

在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼?何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。

通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。

1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯?巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。

他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。

许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔?埃达?拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。

巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。

计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)

ANDREW S. TANENBAUM 秒，约533 msec.----- COMPUTER NETWORKS FOURTH EDITION PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 8. A collection of five routers is to be conn ected in a poi nt-to-poi nt sub net.Collected and Modified By Yan Zhe nXing, Mail To: Betwee n each pair of routers, the desig ners may put a high-speed line, aClassify: E aEasy, M ^Middle, H Hard , DaDeleteGree n: Importa nt Red: Master Blue: VI Others:Know Grey:—Unnecessary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ML V Chapter 1 In troductio nProblems2. An alter native to a LAN is simply a big timeshari ng system with termi nals forall users. Give two adva ntages of a clie nt-server system using a LAN.(M)使用局域网模型可以容易地增加节点。

如果局域网只是一条长的电缆，且不会因个别的失效而崩溃(例如采用镜像服务-------------------------------------------器)的情况下，使用局域网模型会更便宜。

计算机专业英语教程第四版翻译课后练习题含答案

计算机专业英语教程第四版翻译课后练习题含答案简介《计算机专业英语教程》是针对计算机专业学生编写的一本英语教材。

本书旨在帮助学生通过学习计算机领域的专业英语词汇和语法，提升他们的英语能力和技能。

本文将为读者提供该教材第四版的课后练习题及答案。

第一课练习题1.将下列单词从易到难排序：chip, computer, algorithm, software,desktop2.将下列单词从中文翻译为英文：程序设计，硬件，操作系统，输入，输出3.请解释下列缩略语的全称：RAM，CPU，OS答案1.desktop, chip, computer, software, algorithm2.programming, hardware, operating system, input, output3.RAM（Random Access Memory），CPU（Central Processing Unit），OS（Operating System）第二课练习题1.请翻译下列句子：计算机的功能越来越强大，它可以执行许多任务。

2.请解释下列单词的意思：interface，protocol，server，router答案puters are becoming more and more powerful and they canperform many tasks.2.interface（接口）, protocol（协议），server（服务器），router（路由器）第三课练习题1.请将下列单词按字母顺序排列：database，file，program，server，storage2.请填写下列句子的空格：计算机会读取从硬盘 __ （into）内存。

3.请解释下列单词的意思：database，algorithm，client，browser答案1.algorithm，database，file，program，server，storage2.into3.database（数据库），algorithm（算法），client（客户端），browser（浏览器）第四课练习题1.请翻译下列句子：今天我学会了如何编写计算机程序。

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案

Unit Four/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Information engineering emphasizes a modeling tool called entityrelationship diagrams.2. One of the disadvantages of model-driven development is the long durationof projects.3. Unlike structured analysis and design and information engineering,object-oriented analysis and design attempt to emerge the data and process concerns into singular constructs called objects.4. Unlike logical models, physical models show not only what a system is ordoes , but also how the system is physically and technically implemented.II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. check box 复选框.选择框.校验框2. structured design 结构化设计3. building block 积木块.构建模块.构件4. database schema 数据库模式5. radio button 单选（按）钮6. 系统建模技术 system modeling technique7. 模型驱动开发 model-driven development8. 数据流程图 data flow diagram9. 下拉式菜单 drop-down (或pull-down) menu10. 滚动条 scroll barUnit Five: Software ProcessUnit Five/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. New software may be developed from scratch or through the use of existingsystems and off-the-shelf software or system components.2. The three generic process models discussed in the text are often complementaryrather than mutually exclusive, especially for large system development.3. The waterfall model is so named because of the cascade from one phase to anotherin the software development process.4. The fundamental development activities of the waterfall model arerequirements analysis and definition, system and software design, implementation and unit testing, integration and system testing, and operation and maintenance.5. The two fundamental types of evolutionary development are exploratorydevelopment and throwaway prototyping.6. The evolutionary approach is often more effective than the waterfall approachin producing systems that meet the immediate needs of customers, but it is difficult to establish a(n) stable system architecture using this approach.7. CBSE is a(n) reuse-oriented approach to software development, which relieson a large base of reusable software components and an integrating framework for these components.8. While CBSE can reduce the amount of software to be developed and the associatedcost and risks, it cannot avoid requirements compromises which may lead to a system that does not meet the real needs of users.II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. system specification 系统规格说明2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）4. system validation testing 系统验证测试5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程6. linear model 线性模型7. program unit 程序单元8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型9. text formatting 正文格式编排.文本格式化10. system evolution 系统演变11. 系统设计范例 system design paradigm12. 需求分析与定义 requirements analysis and definition13. 探索式编程方法 exploratory programming approach14. 系统文件编制 system documentation15. 瀑布模型 waterfall model16. 系统集成 system integration17. 商用现成软件 commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software18. 基于组件的软件工程 component-based software engineering (CBSE)19. 软件维护工具 software maintenance tool20. 软件复用 software reuseIV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:Software processes are complex and, like all intellectual and creative processes, rely on people making decisions and judgments. Because of the need for judgment and creativity, attempts to automate software processes have met with limited success. Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools can support some process activities. However, there is no possibility, at least in the next few years, of more extensive automation where software takes over creative design from the engineers involved in the software process.One reason the effectiveness of CASE tools is limited is because of the immense diversity of software processes. There is no ideal process, and many organization have developed their own approach to software development.Processes have evolved to exploit the capabilities of the people in an organization and the specific characteristics of the systems that are being developed. For some systems, a very structured development process is required while for others a flexible, agile process is likely to be more effective.软件过程比较复杂.而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样.依靠人们作出决定和判断。

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案

计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1[Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F[Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory3. central processing unit4. internal; primary; memory5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor[Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. HB. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing6. information7. computer8. memory[Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve6. code7. hard copy8. Function[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT TechnologiesLast week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。

《计算机英语（第4版）》课后练习A部分第二题答案

《计算机英语（第4版）》课后练习A部分第二题答案计算机英语1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器 central processing unit14. 个人计算机 personal computer15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer16. 数字计算机 digital computer17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating instructions20. 输入设备 input device1. function key 功能键，操作键，函数键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统 operating system12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14. 数据总线 data bus15. 串行连接 serial connection16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory17. 激光打印机 laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive19. 基本输入／输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video display1. storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3. program statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5. assembly language 汇编语言6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7. relational language 关系（型）语言8. artificial language 人工语言9. data declaration 数据声明10. Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言11. 可执行程序 executable program12. 程序模块 program module13. 条件语句 conditional statement14. 赋值语句 assignment statement15. 逻辑语言 logic language16. 机器语言 machine language17. 函数式语言 functional language18. 程序设计语言 programming language19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program20. 计算机程序员 computer programmer1. inference engine 推理机2. system call 系统调用3. compiled language 编译执行的语言4. parallel computing 并行计算5. pattern matching 模式匹配6. memory location 存储单元7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. 解释执行的语言 interpreted language12. 设备驱动程序 device driver13. 源程序 source program14. 调试程序 debugging program15. 目标代码 object code16. 应用程序 application program17. 实用程序 utility program18. 逻辑程序 logic program19. 墨盒 ink cartridge20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and execution1. system specification 系统规格说明2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）4. system validation testing 系统验证测试5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程6. linear model 线性模型7. program unit 程序单元8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型9. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化10. system evolution 系统演变11. 系统设计范例 system design paradigm12. 需求分析与定义 requirements analysis and definition13. 探索式编程方法 exploratory programming approach14. 系统文件编制 system documentation15. 瀑布模型 waterfall model16. 系统集成 system integration17. 商用现成软件 commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software18. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)19. 软件维护工具 software maintenance tool20. 软件复用 software reuse1. end user 最终用户，终端用户2. atomic operation 原子操作3. database administrator 数据库管理员4. relational database model 关系数据库模型5. local data 本地数据6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库7. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型9. distributed database 分布式数据库10. flat file 平面文件11. 二维表 two-dimensional table12. 数据属性 data attribute13. 数据库对象 database object14. 存储设备 storage device15. 数据类型 data type16. 数据插入与删除 data insertion and deletion17. 层次数据库模型 hierarchical database model18. 数据库体系结构 database architecture19. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制总线 global control bus1. file server 文件服务器2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8. proprietary network 专有网络9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包10. star network 星形网络11. 局域网 local area network (LAN)12. 令牌环 token ring13. 无线网络 wireless network14. 封闭式网络 closed network15. 环形拓扑结构 ring topology16. 客户机／服务器模型 client/server model17. 网络应用程序 network application18. 进程间通信 interprocess communication19. 打印服务器 print server20. 广域网 wide area network (WAN)1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址 mnemonic address12. 网吧 cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址 Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址 host address20. 硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support1. server farm 大型机服务器2. access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3. storage area network 存储区域网（络）4. high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5. server cluster 服务器集群6. public cloud 公共云7. grid computing 网格计算8. security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9. social networking 社交网络10. utility computing 效用计算11. 云计算提供商 cloud computing provider12. 存储芯片 memory chip13. 基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14. 网络带宽 network bandwidth15. 混合云 hybrid cloud16. 磁盘阵列 disk array17. 软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS)18. 集群计算 cluster computing19. 虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources20. 多核处理器 multi-core processor1. backup system 备份系统2. encryption key （加密）密钥3. data confidentiality 数据机密性4. system vulnerability 系统脆弱性，系统脆弱之处5. unauthorized access 未经授权的访问，越权存取6. intrusion detection system 入侵检测系统7. after-action recovery 事后恢复8. software piracy 软件侵权9. authorized user 特许用户10. data unit 数据单元，数据单位11. 软件版本 software version12. 数据完整性 data integrity13. 系统崩溃 system crash14. 病毒检查软件 virus-checking software15. 综合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16. 软件配置管理 software configuration management17. 故障隔离 fault isolation18. 统计数据库 statistical database19. 保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20. 数据流 data stream1. mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2. proprietary software 专有软件3. cc line 抄送行4. bcc line 密送行5. forwarded e-mail message 转发的电子邮件6. e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7. click on an icon 点击图标8. confidential document 密件，秘密文件9. classified information 密级信息10. recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11. 常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12. 已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail13. 电子系统 electronic system14. 附件行 Attachments line15. 版权法 copyright law16. 电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette17. 信息高速公路 information superhighway18. 签名文件 signature file19. 电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program20. 文字处理软件 word processor1. customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2. B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3. dial-up modem 拨号调制解调器4. dot-com bust 网络不景气5. smart card 智能卡6. digital piracy 数字盗版7. dot-com boom 网络繁荣8. C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9. Web auction site 拍卖网站10. fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11. 射频识别装置 radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12. 电子数据交换 electronic data interchange (EDI)13. 库存管理技术 inventory management technology14. 知识产权 intellectual property15. 条形码 bar code16. 货币兑换 currency conversion17. 电子图书 electronic book18. 视网膜扫描仪 retina scanner19. 个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)20. 企业对企业电子商务 B2B electronic commerce。

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案

计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案Unit 1[Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F[Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory3. central processing unit4. internal; primary; memory5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor[Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. HB. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing6. information7. computer8. memory[Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve6. code7. hard copy8. Function[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代New Processors Open New Era of IT TechnologiesLast week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer.These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users.上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案之欧阳德创编

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the informationgiven in the text:1.Charles Babbage; Augusta AdaByron2.input; output3.VLSI4.workstations; mainframes5.vacuum; transistors6.instructions; software7.digit; eight; byte8.microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chineseand vice versa:1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3.optical computer 光计算机4.neural network 神经网络5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 并行处理7.difference engine 差分机8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate 硅衬底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.数据的存储与处理the storageand handling of data12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器central processingunit14.个人计算机 personal computer15.模拟计算机 analogue computer16.数字计算机 digital computer17.通用计算机general-purposecomputer18.处理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20.输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generationcomputers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such asmicrocomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

大学计算机英语第四版课后习题答案

大学计算机英语第四版课后习题答案第七章：1. file server 文件服务器2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8. proprietary network 专有网络9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包10. star network 星形网络11. 局域网 local area network (LAN)12. 令牌环 token ring13. 无线网络 wireless network14. 封闭式网络 closed network15. 环形拓扑结构 ring topology16. 客户机／服务器模型 client/server model17. 网络应用程序 network application18. 进程间通信 interprocess communication19. 打印服务器print server 20. 广域网wide area network (WAN)1. routing path 路由选择通路2. dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3. extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4. backbone network 基干网，骨干网5. mesh topology 网格拓扑结构6. 同轴电缆 coaxial cable7. 逻辑拓扑结构 logical topology8. 无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9. 树形拓扑结构 tree topology10. 目的地节点 destination node1. destination address 目的地址2. performance degradation 性能退化（或降级）3. four-interface bridge 4接口网桥4. common bus 公共总线，公用总线5. 数据链路层 data-link layer6. 协议转换器 protocol converter7. 开放式系统互连 OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)8. 物理地址 physical address第八章：1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址 mnemonic address12. 网吧 cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址 Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection 19. 主机地址 host address20. 硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support1. incoming message 来报，到来的报文2. application layer 应用层3. utility software 实用软件4. sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5. remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6. 端口号 port number7. 软件例程 software routine8. 传输层 transport layer9. 文件传送协议 FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10. 万维网浏览器 Web browser1. wildcard character 通配符2. Copy command 复制命令3. search operator 搜索算符4. home page 主页5. 回车键 Enter key6. 搜索引擎 search engine7. 嵌入代码 embedded code8. 超文本标记语言 Hypertext Markup Language第九章：1. server farm 大型机服务器2. access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3. storage area network 存储区域网（络）4. high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5. server cluster 服务器集群6. public cloud 公共云7. grid computing 网格计算8. security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9. social networking 社交网络10. utility computing 效用计算11. 云计算提供商 cloud computing provider12. 存储芯片 memory chip13. 基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14. 网络带宽 network bandwidth15. 混合云 hybrid cloud16. 磁盘阵列 disk array17. 软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS)18. 集群计算 cluster computing19. 虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources20. 多核处理器 multi-core processor 1. computer vision 计算机视觉2. ubiquitous computing 普适计算3. command line 命令行4. data logging system 数据记录（或登录）系统5. augmented reality 增强现实6. 移动网络 mobile network7. 平板电脑 tablet computer8. 物联网 Internet of Things9. 智能电网 smart power grid10. 传感器融合 sensor fusion1. notebook computer 笔记本2. wireless hotspot 无线热点3. Short Message Service 短信（服务）4. wearable computer 可穿戴计算机，穿戴式计算机5. 移动电话 mobile phone6. 条形码阅读器 barcode reader7. 网站 Web site8. 智能手机 smart phone第十章：1. backup system 备份系统2. encryption key （加密）密钥3. data confidentiality 数据机密性4. system vulnerability 系统脆弱性，系统脆弱之处5. unauthorized access 未经授权的访问，越权存取6. intrusion detection system 入侵检测系统7. after-action recovery 事后恢复8. software piracy 软件侵权9. authorized user 特许用户10. data unit 数据单元，数据单位11. 软件版本 software version12. 数据完整性 data integrity13. 系统崩溃 system crash14. 病毒检查软件 virus-checking software15. 综合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16. 软件配置管理 software configuration management17. 故障隔离 fault isolation18. 统计数据库 statistical database19. 保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20. 数据流 data stream1. phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2. graphics card 显（示）卡3. heuristic analysis 试探性分析4. infected file 被感染文件5. virus dictionary 病毒字典6. 数据捕获 data capture7. 恶意软件 malicious software8. 病毒特征代码 virus signature9. 防病毒软件 antivirus software10. 内存驻留程序 memory-resident program1. maintenance hook 维护陷阱2. multipartite virus 多成分病毒3. authentication procedure 验证过程，认证过程4. instant messaging 即时通信，即时消息5. 系统登录程序 system login program6. 逻辑炸弹 logic bomb7. 多威胁恶意软件 multiple-threat malware8. 源代码 source code第十一章：1. mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2. proprietary software 专有软件3. cc line 抄送行4. bcc line 密送行5. forwarded e-mail message 转发的电子邮件6. e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7. click on an icon 点击图标8. confidential document 密件，秘密文件9. classified information 密级信息10. recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11. 常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12. 已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail13. 电子系统 electronic system14. 附件行 Attachments line15. 版权法 copyright law16. 电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette17. 信息高速公路 information superhighway18. 签名文件 signature file19. 电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program20. 文字处理软件 word processor1. web-authoring software 网络写作软件2. template generator 模版生成程序3. navigation page 导航页面4. corporate logo 公司标识5. splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6. 导航条 navigation bar7. 节点页面 node page8. 网站地图 site map9. 可用性测试 usability testing10. 图形交换格式 gif（Graphics Interchange Format）1. message board 留言板，消息板2. software vendor 软件供应商，软件厂商3. anonymous message 匿名消息4. video clip 视频剪辑，视频片段5. 过滤软件 filtering software6. 版权侵犯 copyright infringement7. 网络中立性 network neutrality8. 网络运营商 network operator第十二章：1. customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2. B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3. dial-up modem 拨号调制解调器4. dot-com bust 网络不景气5. smart card 智能卡6. digital piracy 数字盗版7. dot-com boom 网络繁荣8. C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9. Web auction site 拍卖网站10. fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11. 射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12. 电子数据交换 electronic data interchange (EDI)13. 库存管理技术 inventory management technology14. 知识产权 intellectual property15. 条形码 bar code16. 货币兑换 currency conversion17. 电子图书 electronic book18. 视网膜扫描仪 retina scanner19. 个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)20. 企业对企业电子商务 B2B electronic commerce1. software suite 软件套件2. text box 文本框3. virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4. static catalog 静态目录5. browser session 浏览器会话期6. 动态目录 dynamic catalog7. 购物车软件 shopping cart software8. 供应链 supply chain9. 企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10. 税率 tax rate1. privacy policy 隐私政策2. identity theft 身份（信息）盗取3. affiliate marketing 联属网络营销，联盟营销4. postal money order 邮政汇票5. 零售网站 retail website6. 信用卡 credit card7. 货到付款 cash on delivery8. 安全套接层 Secure Sockets Layer。

《计算机英语（第4版）》课后练习A部分第二题答案讲课教案

《计算机英语（第4版）》课后练习A部分第二题答案讲课教案《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习A部分第二题答案计算机英语1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器 central processing unit14. 个人计算机 personal computer15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer16. 数字计算机 digital computer17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating instructions20. 输入设备 input device1. function key 功能键，操作键，函数键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统 operating system收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14. 数据总线 data bus15. 串行连接 serial connection16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory17. 激光打印机 laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive19. 基本输入／输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video display1. storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3. program statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5. assembly language 汇编语言6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7. relational language 关系（型）语言8. artificial language 人工语言9. data declaration 数据声明10. Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言11. 可执行程序 executable program12. 程序模块 program module13. 条件语句 conditional statement14. 赋值语句 assignment statement15. 逻辑语言 logic language16. 机器语言 machine language17. 函数式语言 functional language18. 程序设计语言 programming language19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program20. 计算机程序员 computer programmer1. inference engine 推理机2. system call 系统调用收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除3. compiled language 编译执行的语言4. parallel computing 并行计算5. pattern matching 模式匹配6. memory location 存储单元7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. 解释执行的语言 interpreted language12. 设备驱动程序 device driver13. 源程序 source program14. 调试程序 debugging program15. 目标代码 object code16. 应用程序 application program17. 实用程序 utility program18. 逻辑程序 logic program19. 墨盒 ink cartridge20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and execution1. system specification 系统规格说明2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）4. system validation testing 系统验证测试5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程6. linear model 线性模型7. program unit 程序单元8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型9. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化10. system evolution 系统演变11. 系统设计范例 system design paradigm12. 需求分析与定义 requirements analysis and definition13. 探索式编程方法 exploratory programming approach收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除14. 系统文件编制 system documentation15. 瀑布模型 waterfall model16. 系统集成 system integration17. 商用现成软件 commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software18. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)19. 软件维护工具 software maintenance tool20. 软件复用 software reuse1. end user 最终用户，终端用户2. atomic operation 原子操作3. database administrator 数据库管理员4. relational database model 关系数据库模型5. local data 本地数据6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库7. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型9. distributed database 分布式数据库10. flat file 平面文件11. 二维表 two-dimensional table12. 数据属性 data attribute13. 数据库对象 database object14. 存储设备 storage device15. 数据类型 data type16. 数据插入与删除 data insertion and deletion17. 层次数据库模型 hierarchical database model18. 数据库体系结构 database architecture19. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)20. 全局控制总线 global control bus1. file server 文件服务器2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集8. proprietary network 专有网络9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包10. star network 星形网络11. 局域网 local area network (LAN)12. 令牌环 token ring13. 无线网络 wireless network14. 封闭式网络 closed network15. 环形拓扑结构 ring topology16. 客户机／服务器模型 client/server model17. 网络应用程序 network application18. 进程间通信 interprocess communication19. 打印服务器 print server20. 广域网 wide area network (WAN)1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址 mnemonic address12. 网吧 cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问 broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名 top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址 Internet addressing收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除16. 点分十进制记数法 dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接 dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址 host address20. 硬件与软件支持 hardware and software support1. server farm 大型机服务器2. access protocol 存取协议，访问协议3. storage area network 存储区域网（络）4. high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）计算5. server cluster 服务器集群6. public cloud 公共云7. grid computing 网格计算8. security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意识的云体系结构9. social networking 社交网络10. utility computing 效用计算11. 云计算提供商 cloud computing provider12. 存储芯片 memory chip13. 基于内部网的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14. 网络带宽 network bandwidth15. 混合云 hybrid cloud16. 磁盘阵列 disk array17. 软件即服务 Software as a Service (SaaS)18. 集群计算 cluster computing19. 虚拟化计算机资源 virtualized computer resources20. 多核处理器 multi-core processor1. backup system 备份系统2. encryption key （加密）密钥3. data confidentiality 数据机密性4. system vulnerability 系统脆弱性，系统脆弱之处5. unauthorized access 未经授权的访问，越权存取6. intrusion detection system 入侵检测系统收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除7. after-action recovery 事后恢复8. software piracy 软件侵权9. authorized user 特许用户10. data unit 数据单元，数据单位11. 软件版本 software version12. 数据完整性 data integrity13. 系统崩溃 system crash14. 病毒检查软件 virus-checking software15. 综合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16. 软件配置管理 software configuration management17. 故障隔离 fault isolation18. 统计数据库 statistical database19. 保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20. 数据流 data stream1. mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2. proprietary software 专有软件3. cc line 抄送行4. bcc line 密送行5. forwarded e-mail message 转发的电子邮件6. e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7. click on an icon 点击图标8. confidential document 密件，秘密文件9. classified information 密级信息10. recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11. 常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12. 已删除电子邮件 deleted e-mail13. 电子系统 electronic system14. 附件行 Attachments line15. 版权法 copyright law16. 电子邮件网规 e-mail netiquette17. 信息高速公路 information superhighway收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除18. 签名文件 signature file19. 电子数据表程序 spreadsheet program20. 文字处理软件 word processor1. customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2. B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3. dial-up modem 拨号调制解调器4. dot-com bust 网络不景气5. smart card 智能卡6. digital piracy 数字盗版7. dot-com boom 网络繁荣8. C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9. Web auction site 拍卖网站10. fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11. 射频识别装置 radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12. 电子数据交换 electronic data interchange (EDI)13. 库存管理技术 inventory management technology14. 知识产权 intellectual property15. 条形码 bar code16. 货币兑换 currency conversion17. 电子图书 electronic book18. 视网膜扫描仪 retina scanner19. 个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)20. 企业对企业电子商务 B2B electronic commerce收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除。

《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案之欧阳家百创编

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案欧阳家百（2021.03.07）Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2.input; output3.VLSI4.workstations; mainframes5.vacuum; transistors6.instructions; software7.digit; eight; byte8.microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3.optical computer 光计算机4.neural network 神经网络5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 并行处理7.difference engine 差分机8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate 硅衬底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12.超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器 central processing unit14.个人计算机 personal computer15.模拟计算机 analogue computer16.数字计算机 digital computer17.通用计算机 general-purpose computer18.处理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20.输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。

计算机网络(第四版)课后习题(英文)+习题答案(中英文)

damaged is p, what is the mean number of transmissions required to send a frame? Assume that acknowledgements are never lost.(M) 假设某帧传到第 k 次才传输成功，起初 k-1 次传输皆尝试失败，概率为 pk-1 , 第 k 次传输成功，概率为(1-p) ，则发送一帧成功的平均传输次数为：
medium-speed line, a low-speed line, or no line. If it takes 100 ms of computer time to generate and inspect each topology, how long will it take to inspect all of them?(E) 将路由器称为 A，B，C，D 和 E. 则有 10 条可能的线路；AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD, CE,和 DE 每条线路有 4 种可能性(3 速度或者不是线路)，拓扑的总数为 410 = 1,048,576。检查每个拓扑需要 100 ms，全部检查总共需要 104,857. 6 秒，或者稍微超过 29 个小时。 9. A group of 2n - 1 routers are interconnected in a centralized binary tree, with a router at each tree node. Router i communicates with router j by sending a message to the root of the tree. The root then sends the message back down to j. Derive an approximate expression for the mean number of hops per message for large n, assuming that all router pairs are equally likely.(H) 这意味着，从路由器到路由器的路径长度相当于路由器到根的两倍。若在树中，根深度为 1，深度为 n，从根到第 n 层需要 n-1 跳，在该层的路由器为 0.50。从根到 n-1 层的路径有 router 的 0.25 和 n--2 跳步。因此，路径长度 l 为： l = 0.5*(n-1)+0.25*(n-2)+0.125*(n-3)…… 结果化简为 l＝n－2，平均路由路径为 2n-4。 10. A disadvantage of a broadcast subnet is the capacity wasted when multiple hosts attempt to access the channel at the same time. As a simplistic example, suppose that time is divided into discrete slots, with each of the n hosts attempting to use the channel with probability p during each slot. What fraction of the slots are wasted due to collisions?(H) 区分 n-2 事件。事件 1 到 n 由主机成功地、没有冲突地使用这条信道的事件组成。这些可能性的事件的概率为 p(1－p)n-1 。事件 n+1 是一个空闲的信道，其概率为(1- p)n。事件 n+2 是一个冲突。由于事件 n+2 互斥，它们可能发生的事件必须统一合计。冲突的可能性等于那些小部分的槽的浪费，只是 1－ np(1－p)n-1 － (1－p)n 11. What are two reasons for using layered protocols?(M) 通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段分层意味着某一层的协议的改变不会影响高层或低层的协议 13. What is the principal difference between connectionless communication and connection-oriented communication?(E)