1#装焊车间施工组织设计2

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1期望值理论效价：也就是同一个目标对每一个人可能有三种效价：正

（1）效价：也就是同一个目标对每一个人可能有三种效价：正、零、负。

如果个人喜欢其可得的结果，则为正效价；如果个人漠视其结果，则为零值；如果不喜欢其可得的结果，则为负效价。

效价越高，激励力量就越大。

如1000元奖金对生活困难者可能很有价值，而对百万富翁来说意义不大。

一个希望通过努力工作得到升迁机会的人，在他心中，“升迁”的效价就很高；如果他对升迁漠不关心，毫无要求，那么升迁对他来说效价就等于零；如果这个人对升迁不仅毫无要求，而且害怕升迁，那么，升迁对他来说，效价就是负值。

（2）期望值：对于目标的期望值怎样才算适合？有人把它形容为摘苹果。

只有跳起来能摘到苹果时，人才最用力去摘。

倘若跳起来也摘不到，人就不跳了。

如果坐着能摘到，无需去跳，便不会使人努力去做。

由此可见，领导者给员工制订工作定额时，要让员工经过努力就能完成，再努力就能超额，这才有利于调动员工的积极性。

2、公平理论：公平理论作为一个研究公平感对人们积极主动性影响的理论，确实解释了很多因自感不公平而对其行为的影响，如我们说富士康屡次跳楼事件，虽然充分表明了社会对农民工的不公正待遇对其心理所造成的影响冲击，但当富士康此后向社会招工时仍然时到处爆满，这充分表明了人们在基本工作生活需求都难以满足下，人们只有接受甚至积极接受不公正的现实的状况。

所以说，作为公平感对人们积极主动性的影响终究只是辅助性的，并没有决定性的作用。

起决定性作用的，终究还是人们基本需求与信仰与其所能接触到的任务目标相统一的结果。

强化理论忽视了人的内部状态，仅仅关注一个人采取一定行为是会出现什么结果。

因为强化理论没有考虑引发行为的因素，所以严格的说，他不是一种激励理论。

但是他确实对控制行为的因素提供了有力的分析工具，正因为如此，人们把它当做一种激励理论来讨论。

强化的主要功能，就是按照人的心理过程和行为的规律，对人的行为予以导向，并加以规范、修正、限制和改造。

它对人的行为的影响，是通过行为的后果反馈给行为主体这种间接方式来实现的。

高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;

新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。

1的数学符号

1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。

同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。

因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。

2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。

3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。

4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。

5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。

需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。

期末翻译题目练习 (1)

•What amazed the Jews was that the local Chinese were kind and full of sympathy.
上海犹太难民纪念馆收藏着大量的照片和其他实物（artifacts)，旨在传达记住历史、热爱和平的信息。
•The Shanghai Jewish Refugees Museum has a collection of numerous photos and other artifacts to deliver a message of remembering history and loving peace.
• They often complain that China's education is not good at promoting innovation awareness
但是，我们是否意识到为了年轻人的全面发展，还应该关注他们独立人格的培养呢？
•Nonetheless, are we aware that we should also be concerned with cultivating young people's independent personalities for their all-round development
李克强总理指出，中国应该追求符合（in keeping with)经济规律、社会规律和自然规律的科学发展观。
为了中国经济升级（upgrading)，他多次强调创新的重要作用并鼓励大部分人民创业。
•For/for the sake of/in order to the upgrading of China's economy, he has highlighted the significant role of innovation many times, and ecouraged a large proportion of the people to start their own business.

新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A

这份工作非常复杂，我们可以从图纸开始。
Exercises
汉译英：今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.

一的教案幼儿园

一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。

教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。

在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。

知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。

知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。

例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。

教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。

比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。

方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。

可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。

方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。

例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。

教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。

例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。

总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。

因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。

钢琴入门教程（一）

钢琴⼊门教程（⼀）1、⼊门阶段美国钢琴家汤普森所编的《汤普森浅易钢琴教程》是⽬前我国使⽤最多的启蒙教材。

此教材识谱路⼦好，从中央C出发，⾼低⾳谱表同时学习，学⽣不⾛弯路，学得快。

第1册弹完时学⽣已学会了中央C附近的9个⾳，掌握了3种时值的常⽤⾳符，3种常见休⽌符，3种常见节拍。

教材图⽂并茂，形象⽣动，很受⼉童喜欢。

第1册应从断奏开始，第2册部分曲⼦可让学⽣试着⽤连奏，这样到第3册讲连奏时就不陌⽣了，也更容易弹好。

此教材也存在不⾜，如没有⼿型、断奏等基本训练，弹奏⽅法讲的不多，需要教师进⾏补充。

⼀般从零开始的学⽣在每次练琴前应进⾏断奏训练，这样有助于⼿臂及全⾝的放松。

4、5册难度伸展过快，个别曲⼦⼿指跨度⼤，针对流畅练习少的情况，可补充《拜厄》或与之相当的其他教材。

进步快的还可以省去3、4、5册。

进⼊《车尔尼》之前这段时间称为“⼊门时期”，⼤约需要半年左右。

相当于考级的1—2级。

⼊门时期的教学⽬的是调动兴趣，学会识谱，掌握基本的弹奏⽅法，⾝⼼放松地进⾏演奏，养成正确的读谱与练琴习惯（选⾃《钢琴艺术》1998.1期，作者：王喜亮）。

⼊门时期上课周期不宜太长，最好每周上两次课，进⼊《拜厄》时，前⾯部分每周要学习5条以上。

2、初级阶段主要教材：《车尔尼》599、849、299前部及其他作曲家的练习曲，巴赫《初级钢琴曲集》、《⼩前奏曲与赋格》、《创意曲》前部，《⼩奏鸣曲》，《哈农练指法》以及各类中外乐曲等，相当于考级的2—7级，⼤约需要2—3年，这时期主要的教学⽬的是⼿指训练，声部训练，理解与表现⾳乐，懂得⼀些作者，作品等⽅⾯的知识，这⾥要注意⼏个误区：误区1：将《车尔尼》当作主要教材，不弹或少弹复调作品，《车尔尼》教材有其很⼤的优越性，也有⾳乐形象单调、缺乏系统性、技术训练不全⾯等⼀些弊端。

学⽣要接触⼴泛的⾳乐作品，进⾏全⾯的技术训练。

误区2：忽视⾳阶，琶⾳的训练。

⾳阶、琶⾳作为重要的基本练习，应该贯穿这时期的始终。

计量经济学总结复习 (1)

计量经济学总结复习以试卷为基础（一）试卷1，2066-2017 国贸试卷A卷1，工作培训的理由之一就是提高工人的生产力。

假设要求评估更多的工作培训能否使工人更具有生产力，不过你没有工人个人的数据，而只有某省制造企业的数据，具体而言，对于每一个企业，你都有人均工作培训小时数(training)和单位工时生产色合格产品数（output）方面的信息。

（1）假设你发现training与output之间有正相关关系，你能否令人信服的证明工作培训能提高工人的生产力？请解释（2）假设要进行项目研究，你认为还要哪些数据?参考答案1：（1）不一定，如果人均工作培训小时数不是随机分配给工人的话，那么发现training与output之间有正相关关系也不能令人信服的证明了工作培训能提高工人生产力，若样本中存在的随机扰动项中的重要影响因素与模型中的培训小时数相关时，上诉回归模型不能够解释培训对工人生产力在其他条件不变下的影响，因为这时出现解释变量与随机扰动项相关的情形，这与基本假设4相矛盾。

（2）需要数据：员工所受教育水平、小时工资、工作年数2，‘(1)表格中的？为多少C0/SE=T 所以co =0.000112*(-4.8135）=-00.000539112(2)受教育年限是否对对数工资具有显著影响？请给出证据对受教育年限进行T 检验，假设H0：βj=0，（即教育年限对对数工资没有显著影响估计的回归系数βj 的T 值为11.63988，取α=0.05，查T 表可得自由度为N -8=526-8=518时的临界T 0.025(518)≈0.980064536T(βj)=11.63988>T 0.025(518)≈0.980064536 ，故拒绝原假设，认为受教育年限对对数工资具有显著性影响。

（3）解释EDUC 系数的含义在其他情况不变的情况下，受教育年限每增加一个单位，个体工资会增加0.0791553个单位（4）有人认为，EDUC 对工资的影响可能超过10%，请给予回应。

高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start

Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。

脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。

商务英语综合教程1课后翻译

Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。

新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照

Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。

在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。

2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

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（2）劳动力计划表工程名称：船用舱口盖制造中心1#焊接车间工程单位：人（3）主要材料计划表（九）,关键,特殊工程施工技术措施,解决方案及成品保护措施1对施工噪音,粉尘防治措施1.1强调全员管理概念,对进入现场的所有施工人员都进行必要的专项的教育及宣传,强化文明施工意识,做到谁施工,谁负责,减少由于认为的因素造成影响.1.2建立环保工作自我监控体系,一方面采取有效措施控制人为噪音,粉尘的污染,同时采取技术措施控制污水,烟尘,噪音污染,尽量选用低噪音设备和工艺代替高噪音设备与加工工艺,同时积极协调外部关系,同有关环保部门加强联系,并主动地向他们进行咨询,解决降低噪音,防止污染et.实际问题.1.3施工前准备工作充分,熟悉施工图纸和施工方案,并根据尽可能多的采用成型产品,如成型钢筋et.,以减少现场加工的工作量.1.4施工过程中,采取合理的施工方案,选用性能良好的施工机械,减少和避免噪声,粉尘对环境的影响.2防台防汛施工措施及紧急预案2.1目的通过制定本预案,明确在施工过程中遭到台风,暴雨,潮汛的侵袭时避免人员伤亡和集体财产受到损失及出现上述情况后的紧急避险,救灾的方法与程序,减少经济损失.2.2防汛防台组织成立由建设单位,监理单位及项目体三方组成的防汛,防渡领导小组负责指定防汛,防渡的各项具体要求,以上人员如遇台风,暴雨,主汛期,应按领导小组的安排按时进入指定的地点待命.2.3职责现场：汛台前应对本施工项目可能遭受台风,暴雨袭击的重点部位,机具设备,临时设施,电线电缆,通讯线路,各类管道et.进行全面的检查,加固,做好防积水,防漏电,防坍塌,防坠物伤人毁物工作.同时应备齐车辆,抢险物品et.,遭到险情,即要组织抢险.台风警报期间组织好各类相关抢险人员在项目指定地点待命.基地：应对各施工点,临时房,工棚,仓库特别是危险品仓库开展防汛防台检查,及时落实各项整改措施.汛台期间应24小时派人值班,遇有险情及时指挥抢险,同时报告上级主管部门.协助相关项目,基地,落实各项防汛防台人员,物资的准备工作,并视情组织必要的防汛防台演练工作.2.4程序遇台风,暴雨,主汛期的项目工地现场,都应由领导带班,24小时值班,密切监视气候变化.抢险小组进行指定地点待命.公司接报后即应统一指挥,协助项目抢险,全面协调抢险工作,掌握险情及排险情况.12.2.5应急措施一旦出现人员伤亡,必须以救人为主.受伤人员须以最快的速度送指定医院抢救.可能出现的人员伤亡有以下类型：高处坠落；物体打击；触电；坍塌息.备足各类抢险救灾物资以及快硬型水泥,潜水泵及轻型井点et.抽水及封堵材料.3“渣土垃圾”整治措施按照政府部门有关要求,做好对施工过程中产生的渣土,建筑垃圾规范运输处理工作；规范经营行为,对施工现场的土方开挖,铲,推,运工程,由具有土方专业承包企业资质的单位实施；加强对施工工地的管理,要求施工工地整洁,工地出口落实外出车辆的清洁措施（包括出口道路做硬地面,随时冲洗外出车辆）,工程竣工验收确保“场地清,无渣土垃圾”et.；加强对渣土运输车辆的车况检查,做到持证运营,不偷倒,不乱倒渣土和建筑垃圾.3.1施工现场拆除建筑现场要有围档,并采取喷淋措施防止扬尘；及时清运拆迁的物料.施工段采用围档作业,施工时采取分段,集中施工方法,做到当天施工,当天清场；挖掘土方,做到当天清理,不能及时清理的,及时覆盖；进入工地的砂石料,填土料,必须是当天用多少进多少,不能用完的采用绿色密目网覆盖防尘.3.2运输车辆运输车采用密闭辆车型或防尘措施；施工场地设置车辆清洗设备,对车身,车轮进行保洁,车辆出施工场地时不将泥土带出场地.3.3场地清洁每天施工结束后,对场地和周围道路进行保洁洒水,防止建筑垃圾和施工中的泥土,影响道路整洁,产生二次扬尘污染.4建筑产品,成品保护措施4.1对成品及设备部件的保护管理措施1）保护管理：采用“护”,“包”,“盖”,“封”et.保护措施,对成品,半成品进行防护,并由各分包责任专人巡视检查,发现有保护措施损坏的要及时恢复.2）成品保护：对本工种己完成品,半成品制订保护措施,同时也要注意保护他人的成品具体应落实到人,措施落实到物.3）设备保管：在现场为专业安装提供必要的保管仓库,防止材料,工具et.失落.并搭设一定量防雨棚,并应带箱堆放,保管时做到不淋雨,不受潮,不被碰撞,另部件,开关et.不被拆盗,设备移动时要经过责任人员同意,使设备处于完整无损状态.4）施工阶段：用水,用电及接水,接电要有控制,不能超荷.污水排放要有组织,有控制进行,避免污水污染施工成品或设备.5）水,电施工排管应考虑对结构的保护,结构施工时应预先对预留洞,预埋件et.详细校核,并与水,电et.专业工种配合,由专业队确认土建的留洞和埋件et.,防止乱打乱凿破坏结构.6）视不同阶段,不同产品,不同部位的保护要求,编制严密的施工保护手册,供施工管理人员加强产品保护,确保产品的最后质量.7）本工程的甲供设备,材料可由本公司负责保管,安装前根据施工进度,把设备,材料et.运至现场指定地点.8）设备开箱点件后对于易丢失,易损部件应指定专人负责入库妥善保管,各类小型仪表元件及进口零部件,在安装前不要拆包装.设备搬运时明露在外的表面应防治碰撞.9）对管道保温成品要加强保护,不的随意拆,碰,压,防治损坏.（十）,季节性施工技术措施及对周边道路,管线和设施的保护措施本工程施工总工期为115个日历天,施工期间将经历秋雨季,冬季,,为减小气候对施工的影响,特采取如下措施.1冬季施工措施当室外日平均温度连续5天稳定于5℃时即需按冬季施工措施进行施工.进入冬季后,应与气象台,站保持联系,及时收听天气预报,防止寒流突然袭击.冬季施工时,现场应备好防冻保暖物品,防冻剂,草包et.,临时自来水管应做好防冻保温工作,采用稻草泥纸筋包裹.现场严禁烤火,严禁使用电炉.冬季来临前,应及早按排做好室外湿作业工作,转入室内施工时,在窗口,留洞外做防风御寒工作,对于必须在冬季施工的室外湿作业工作,必须做好围挡封闭et.防冻措施.2雨季施工措施雨季施工前,我公司将根据现场和工程进展情况制定雨季阶段性计划,并提交业主和监理工程师审批后实施.雨季施工时,现场排水系统应贯通,并派专人进行疏通,保证排水沟畅通,施工道路不积水,潮汛季节随时收听气象预报,配备足够的抽水设备及防台防汛的应急材料.混凝土浇捣时,必须事先注意天气情况,尽量避开雨天,若不的已情况,必须做好防雨措施,预备好足够的活动防雨棚,准备好塑料薄膜,油布et..必要时,需严格按施工规范规程允许的方式,方法,留置中止施工缝措施,事后按规程要求处理施工缝后,再进行续浇混凝土.雨季必须连续施工的混凝土工程,应有可靠的防雨措施,备足防雨物资,及时了解气象情况,选择合适的时间施工.如中途施工应采取覆盖及调整混凝土坍落度et.方法.加强计量测试工作,及时准确地测定砂,石含水量,从而准确地调整施工配合比,确保混凝土施工质量.雨季前应组织有关人员对现场临时设施,脚手架,机电设备,临时线路et.进行检查,针对检查出的具体问题,应采取相应措施,及时整改.对高耸物如塔吊et.必须检查避雷装置是否完好可靠.大风,大雨时,塔吊应立即停止使用,大风过后,应对设备进行复查试车,有破损应及时采取加固措施.雨天施工不的使用过湿的砌块,以避免砂浆流淌,影响砌体质量,雨后继续施工时,应复核砌体垂直度.3,夜间施工措施：１.夜间施工在建筑物场外,垂直运输设备et.地设置大功率太阳灯,施工现场配置大功率太阳灯,各转角处设照明灯具,确保施工,运输照明无死角,减少事故发生.２.基坑未回填以前,除四周设安全防护栏外,夜间在每一间应设安全红灯示警.３.夜间施工工人,白天安排轮休,晚上提供夜餐.４.夜间特别应注意临边安全,四周脚手超出工作层一步架高,围护密目网封密,并设挡脚板.５.施工管理人员加强夜间检查值班,发现不安全因素立即整改.６.浇筑砼时,专人指挥车辆进出,确保道路行走车辆及行人的安全.７.）作息时间６：００－17：００,噪声大的机具在午休及晚上停止使用.８.若因工程需要必须进行夜间施工,则要向上级主管申请,经审批同意后才能作,并提前向居民告示.4防台,防汛施工措施台风季节及汛期,项目部每天安排主要管理人员以及一名防台防汛小组成员在夜间值班,以便在发生突发事件时能够及时地调动劳动力进行抢险et.工作.加强对现场排水系统的疏通和管理,有专人每天进行清理和疏通,保持现场排水系统的畅通.组织准备好抢险劳动力及抽水设备,材料,遇到突发的情况可以及时进行抢险.台风季节,安全员必须组织各单位相关人员对机械设备的安全情况,现场材料遮挡情况,临时设施的安全状况做详细的调查了解,如果存在安全隐患,必须及时进行整改和加固.5对周边道路,管线和设施的保护措施1）在进入施工现场施工前,应根据由业主提供的施工区域有关地下管线图,临近道路,建筑分布情况资料,并且仔细阅读理解,做好前期总体布置,并主动争求业主,监理工程师的意见.2）在基础施工阶段设置对周边建筑,道路以及地下管线位移监测点加以保护,并在上部施工过程中继续进行监测记录,若发现受保护建筑,道路,管线位移情况发生突变,将及时通知业主与有关部门,以便及时采取补救措施.3）对于施工完的总体地下管线道路将在后期施工过程中同样设置沉降观测点或采取其他的监护措施.4）工地现场车辆进出通道应避开管线,如无法避开的则应在车辆经常通过的位置用混凝土加固路面或铺设钢板加以保护.5）在已敷设好的上水管,雨水管,污水管,电缆线et.上方不宜堆放重物,如砂,石,钢筋,水泥et.堆场.6）对施工现场清洗混凝土搅拌车,混凝土泵管混凝土导管及施工临时通道所产生污水,应经过三级沉淀池沉淀后排入市政污水管道,以防止污水管道堵塞.7）采取上述措施后,如在施工中发现机械损坏管道或意想不到管道损坏情况,应及时通知有关部门,以便尽早采取补救办法.感谢大家一直以来的关注和支持，正因为大家的关注，才得以发出了一系列文章和资料。

在忙碌交织的岁月里我会永远珍惜这份友情，轻轻地道一声，却道不尽心中的万语千言，只愿这文章，捎去我衷心地祝福，我的内容因你而美丽，感谢一路上有你！感谢您的阅读，本文如对您有帮助，可下载此文档，可进行编辑，谢谢！在此统一感谢大家对我的支持和抬爱！发自肺腑的感谢。