(新课标)高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练(二十八)阅读理解之推理判断和猜测词义

合集下载

高考英语二轮专题总复习讲解大全阅读理解推断题

高考英语二轮专题总复习讲解大全阅读理解推断题此类题目，要求学生在通篇理解文章的基础上，依据文章提供的事实，将各种信息加以分析，从而得出正确的结论，切不可站在自己的立场上凭空臆断。

精品例题1.In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet彗星. When the fragments碎片landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived. Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs恐龙were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?Question 1:It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of an ________.A.horror storyB.news reportC.research paperD.article of popular science2.The tower of Big Ben London’s most famous building,has always leaned 倾斜 slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up 支撑 its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.To control the tower’s movement, engineers pumped grout 水泥浆 into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimetres, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube underground tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no furtherlean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower’s, additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres.After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken. Since 1997,the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction.The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower’s lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilised 稳定. A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilised and returned to its normal movement cycle.”From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000Question 2:We can infer from the article that________.A.the tower of Big Ben with damage the Houses of ParliamentB.the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland’s opinionC.the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistakeD.the propping up work has proved to be successful3.The use of the word imitation模仿reminds me that we ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime犯罪or violence.First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which could be dangerous.For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get there before the child was hung.I remember a film in particular in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting通电触死his guard,the technique of doing this being shown in detail.This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these reasons. In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or how to open a safe;if we were consulted请教before production,I used to advise that the details should not be shown.When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full support for this ,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their children to get on crime.Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi made by Jules Dassin in 1954.This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweller’s shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound…one of the most brilliant film sequences连续镜头of all time.I remember our discussions at the time.We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possible imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking in prisons some years later I learned thatthere had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong.Question 3:It can be inferred from the passage that________.A.it is hard for the children to tell the differences between real life and the imaginaryB.only the people in prison supported film checkingC.only children imitated what they had seen on the screenD.the writer used to advise the details of crime should be shown4.The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending推荐 phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair.Of course, neither of them could really do that for you—you would just“borrow”their voices.At & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life.The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person’s voice to say things that the person never actually said.Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centres, companies that make software that reads digital数字的 files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices装置. The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person’s voice?Some experts even believe that new contracts合同will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud 假冒, would the synthesized合成的voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT& T lab’s possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. “Just like you can’t trust a photograph anymore.”he said, “you won’t be able to trust a voice either.”Question 4:According to the passage, you can infer that ________.A.the software will turn out to be an immediate success in the marketB.the government will forbid the sale of the software in the marketC.it’s hard to decide whether the software will enjoy popularityD.the software will soon prove to be nothing but rubbish高考实例1.Grossroads InternationalHow does Grossroads work?Crossroads is a resource network. We take goods Hong Kong doesn’t want and give them to people who badly need them.We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena福利院in Hong Kong,Mainland China,elsewhere in Asia,Eastern Europe and Africa.So Crossroads is just that:a Crossroads between need and resource.Who do we help?The welfare agencies we help do not run on large budgets预算.They are grass-root groups who have seen a need and tried to meet it.They can’t get the job done without back-up,though,so our task is to help them do their task.Our warehouse is full of goods,from computers to high chairs,clothing to books,stationery to medical provision,cupboards to dining sets.They send us a list of their needs and we try to match it with the resource we have in stock.How do we operate?Crossroads itself also operates on a low budget.We do not buy the goods we send.They are donated捐赠.Similarly,rather than raising funds for freight货运,we ask transport companies to donate their services.Nobody in our organization receives a salary.Even our full-time staff work on a voluntary basis.Those that donate goods and services:Factories ManufacturersHospitals HotelsEducational Institutions HouseholdersTransport Companies OfficesOther CharitiesOne resource that we are always in need of is people.While we receive large quantities of goods and there is never a short supply of requests for them,we are always in need of hands to help sort and prepare them for shipping.What can I do?We are always in need of people.We have a lot of tasks.If you are volunteering regularly,we can offer work in some of the following categories,some of the time.You are welcome to number your top three choices and we will do our best to accommodate 提供 them.Clothing categorization SewingToy categorization Furniture handlingBook categorization DrivingHousehold goods categorization Office workElectrical goods categorization Book keepingStationery categorization Fund-raisingMedical categorizationWhere to find us All volunteer work is done at our warehouse:Located in Basement Zone M of the Kai Tak Government BuildingOur warehouse hours:Tues~Sat,10am~5:３0pmPostal Address:16 Man Tong,Silvermine Bay,Lantau Island,Hong KongＯffice details:Ph:29849３09 2７40965７Fax:2984７452E-mail:106122.2524@Question:From the above brochure,we can conclude that________.A.people who work at Crossroads get low pay from itB.Crossroads doesn’t give goods directly to the people who need themC.you can do whatever you like if you offer help at CrossroadsD.Crossroads has collected more goods than needed考查方向：本题旨在考查学生选取有用信息进行推理判断的能力，属五星级题目。

《高考英语二轮复习资料》专题阅读理解推理判断.docx

专题阅读理解推理判断一、推测寓意题此类题目要求考生在把握故事大意的基础上提炼故事的寓意。

充分理解故事内容挖掘作者写作的深层含义是解决这类题的关键。

W : There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was ona train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive, I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. 1 stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3 : 00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his carI looked forward to the return journey.75 • What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train.B • Pleasure of living in the country.C.Reading gives people delight.D.Smiles brighten people up.二、推测隐含意义题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。

2020版高考英语二轮复习阅读理解部分：第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题教案

第二讲做出推理和判断——推理判断题推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。

近几年高考对推理判断题的考查量仅次于细节理解题，可见此类题目的重要程度。

高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。

高考全国卷推理判断题题量统计考纲解读年份卷别2019 2018 2017(1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

(2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。

(3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。

全国卷Ⅰ 6 5 5全国卷Ⅱ 1 3 6全国卷Ⅲ 3 3 6【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．(5)Where does this passage probably come from?(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。

阅读理解之推断及细节类题型 2023高考英语二轮复习

方法
1）审题注意事项：注意提问主体注意题干中的有效信息 (人物，时间，地点，否定，代词，数词等) 2）把题干中所有信息对应回文章
方法
3）就近原则把选项对应回题干找到的位置四周注意事项： 1）注意不要答非所问 (选项内容正确，但不能回答问题) 2）注意选项与原文中的同义或反义词语替换 3）注意选项与原文中的句义转换
others’ suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of
cultural knowledge could act together to produce a human-sized
brain. 题：Why
don’t
many
animals
have
பைடு நூலகம்
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
injuries. 题：How
does
the
device
mainly
work?
本题为原文给出细节，选项需要进行总结的类型。由本段内容可知，这个设备
A. By reducing the effects of falling
能够检测到使用者的臀部动作，一旦检
B. By speeding up bone recovery C. By predicting road conditions D. By preventing people from falling

2024届高考二轮复习英语课件：阅读理解-推理判断题(4)

考点分类练(六) 推理判断题(4)
(2023河北邯郸一模) There have been a few times in my life when I felt very lonely.I particularly remember my loneliness when I moved to New York City.I had a couple of friends in the city;however,it was a time in my life when I needed to put forth some effort to form more meaningful relationships.But the more I went out to parties,the more disconnected and lonely I felt.Feeling lonely in a room full of people,or in my case,a whole city packed with people everywhere, was the loneliest I have ever felt.
Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3
3.What did Stephanie and John Cacioppo find in their research?
√A.Lonely people tend to disgust social life.
B.People respond negatively to lonely people. C.Loneliness can பைடு நூலகம்o great harm to people’s health. D.Loneliness can be caused by a socially nervous mode. 解析推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“By monitoring lonely people’s brainwaves,they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life.‘Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode,’ Dr.Christian Jarrett explains.”可知,他们发现感到孤独的人倾向于厌恶社交活动。

2023届高考英语复习+高三阅读专项+推理判断技巧+课件

常见设问形式:1.Where is the text most likely from?2.From which is the text probably taken?3.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?4.Who is the passage probably intended for?
常见设问形式:1.What can we infer about...?2.Which of the following statements does the passage support?3.What does the author imply about...? 4. What can we learn / know about the author from 5.What conclusion could be drawn / discover / conclude from ___?
2020年7月天津 A篇
考法3 ：推断写作意图
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats (载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.

适用于新高考新教材2025版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练4推理判断题2

考点分类练(四) 推理推断题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2024安徽淮南二模)From the time I was a young girl,all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns (蕨类植物) in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes (斜坡),sat by the edge of the property’s wo oded stream and imagined it was a winding river.Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.For the last four years,I have had the opportunity to explore our Earth’s most remote cold water locations as an underwater videographer and ocean-focused naturalist,developing an appreciation and understanding for challenging corners of the globe.Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic,it’s the temperate in-between that captivatesme.During the last four years,Southeast Alaska,particularly the Inian Islands in its incredible wildness and productivity,has stolen my attention.My name is Alyssa Adler,I am the Inian Islands Institute’s 2024 Scientist in Residence and National Geographic grant recipient for project Tall Trees in Cold Seas.The natural beauty of the Inians is pure,but the environment works for it.Massive rushing tides (潮水) flood the Hobbit Hole twice daily,like an angry river.Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment required the help of people in Ketchikan,Gustavus and otherplaces.These lessons only allow my respect for this region to the full,teaching me how to be successful.I need to learn and understand the power and network of Southeast Alaska,both in the water and out.It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.To share an amazing story.B.To introduce a unique plant.C.To suggest a special river.D.To explain the author’s wish.2.What does the underlined word “captivate” mean in paragraph 2?A.Surprise.B.Discourage.C.Worry.D.Attract.3.WhatdoyouthinkofAlyssaAdler’sjob?A.Boring.B.Demanding.C.Challenging.D.Well-paid.4.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Love breaks down barriers.B.Hard work finally pays off.C.Ups and downs make one strong.D.Enthusiasm fuels devotion.Passage2(2024广东湛江二模)As you walk around the UK in March,you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organizations.Founded in 1948,it has been continuing with its goal ever since.The charity was named after Marie Curie,a renowned scientist.She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory ofradioactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934.Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法),thecharity shared the name of Marie Curie.The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK,which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because ofthis,the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity,but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that youstick to a minimum amount of ￡1.The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March,when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.5.What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats?A.They support a charity.B.They are recovering from cancer.C.They’ve been helped by a charity.D.They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.6.What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Beautiful.B.Modest.C.Famous.D.Humorous.7.WhywasthecharitynamedafterMarieCurie?A.Because patients required that.B.Because it was launched by her.C.Because she greatly supported it.D.Because it could show respect for her.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedaffodilfromthetext?A.It can be used as medicine.B.It’s thought to stand for hope.C.It’s widely worn worldwide.D.It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.Passage3(2024辽宁鞍山二模)We have long been attracted by quick solutions that could increase our intelligence.Today,people’s hopes lie in brain training apps,some of which claim to result in “smarter minds”.But is this quick solution all it is said to be?There are plenty of brain training apps,but they all share the same characteristics:they turn mental exercises like simple arithmetic (算术),memory testsand logic and pattern-matching problems into quick games.Some apps tell us that the more you play these mini-games,the smarter you will get.It is really a big promise.Many of the apps say they are based on “science”,a claim I found surprising as a former neuroscientist (神经系统科学家).The concept that increasing intelligence would be as simple as practicing a few mini-games every day flies in the face of what we have discovered about how humans think and learn.After surveying thousands of users across a wide variety of apps,researchers at Western University in Canada discovered that brain training had no great effect on cognitive (认知的) functioning in the real world.The positive effects that have been found are limited to the very specific mini-games and tasks that users are trained on,such as the ability to memorize lists of words or numbers,or perform mental arithmetic,with little benefit to other skills.If you are expecting them to improve your ability to write a novel or make a complex computer program,I am afraid you will want to look elsewhere.Puzzle video games such as “Baba Is You” and “Return of the Obra Dinn”,see players apply their skill at logic,memory and concentration in a far more complex way than any brain training mini-game.9.What does the author say about brain training apps?A.They have scientific support.B.They work in the form of games.C.They require problem-solving skills.D.They are based on complex arithmetic.10.What does the underlined part “flies in the face of” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Goes into details of.B.Takes advantage of.C.Goes against.es from.11.Whichbestdescribestheeffectsthatbraintrainingappshaveonmemory?A.Limited.B.Indirect.C.Damaging.D.Far-reaching.12.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto“BabaIsYou”?A.Doubtful.B.Intolerant.C.Uninterested.D.Favorable.答案：考点分类练(四) 推理推断题(2)Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

高考英语阅读理解专题指导：推理判断题

高考英语阅读理解专题指导：推理判断题高考英语阅读理解专题指导：推理判断题导语：推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解专题指导：推理判断题，大家一起去学习吧！推理判断题这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。

它包括判断和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。

所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

常见的题干有：1) It can be inferred from the text that.2) We can conclude that.3) When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that.4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。

推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。

1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。

2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。

4）不可直接选取文中的原句。

例1： AnnealingAnnealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.（1990NMET）①Why do people put hot metal in water?A. To make it hard.B. To make it soft.C. To make it cool.D. To make it brittle.[分析]答案为A，此题属推断归纳题。

高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题的解题技巧

2．如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，那它就不是推论，也就不是正确答案。
3．如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合，文中却没有涉及，那它属于主观臆断的结论，也不是正确答案。
4．如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正确答案。
5．文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should，must，may等) 往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案。
What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem.
B．To give practical advice.
C．To tell an interesting story. D．To present a research result.
解析：推断写作目的题。根据第一段的中心句 (最后一句)可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是给养宠物的人提一些实用的建议。
答案： C
第四类推断文章出处
推断文章出处，即通过阅读材料，感知内容，从而推断材料的来源。
一、常见的设问形式
1．The text is most likely to be taken from ________． 2．Where does the text probably come from? 3．Where can we most probably read this text?
答案： C
第二类推断写作意图
推断写作意图，即要求考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的。
一、常见的设问形式
1．The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ________．

高考英语二轮专题能力提升限时训练阅读理解(推理判断类)任务型读写(含解析)

手惰市安逸阳光实验学校能力提升限时训练阅读理解(推理判断类)+任务型读写(限时25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解( A )(对应学生用书第127页)(2012合肥一中最后模拟试题)【广告说明类】The British MuseumLocated in the Bloomsbury area of London,the British Museum is the location of a national collection of science and art treasures.It first began in 1753 when Parliament purchased the collection of Sir Hans Sloane and a collection from Sir Robert Cotton along with Sir Robert Harley’s Library.First opened to the public in 1759 in Montague House,it was later moved to its present location,being built in stages from 1823.The famous Reading Room was built in 1857 and is now part of the glassed-in Great Court.The British Museum aims to “illuminate the histories of cultures for the benefit of present and future generations”.Thus,the number and subject of the exhibits and galleries are vast.R anging fromAfrica,Asia,the Americas,and Europe to ancient Egypt,Greece,and Rome,and back to prehistoric times,they highlight more than just Britain.A visit to the Museum is a visit through the centuries of mankind and what he has left behind of himself.The 4th to 20th century European art and archaeology collections illustrate cultures of the time.Items from the famous Anglo-Saxon Sutton Hoo burial are of particular interest.Sutton Hoo,located in East Suffolk,contained 11 barrows(坟墓)and the remains of a Saxon ship complete with gold and silver treasures.Today the British Museum contains one of the most comprehensive collections of art and archaeology in the world.Admission:Free;charge for special exhibitions.Getting there:The main entrance is on Great Russell St,with an alternate entrance on Montague Place.Bus routes:Tottenham Court Road and Gower Street: 10,24,29,73,134; Southampton Row: 68,91,188; New Oxford Street: 7,8,19,22b,25,38,55,98.1.The purpose of the first paragraph is to .A.honor Sir Robert CottonB.praise what Parliament ever didC.tell the location of the British MuseumD.tell the brief history of the British Museum2.The British Museum try to achieve its aim by .A.offering free big exhibitsB.highlighting civilizations of BritainC.including collections of different culturesD.presenting prehistoric collections of different cultures3.We can conclude that today Sutton Hoo .A.is a famous historic siteB.is a famous Saxon raceC.has become a famous villageD.is still a group good at sailing4.Where can readers most probably read the passage?( )A.In a travel guidebook.B.On an art website.C.In a history textbook.D.In a geography magazine.语篇解读:本文介绍了大英博物馆。

高考英语二轮复习专题1 四种题型解读题型2 推理判断

题型二推理判断
1
题型针对练
(2022·全国卷Ⅰ，D节选) However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milkbased drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
题型二推理判断
1
题型针对练
(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ，A) Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90－100, A; 80－89, B; 70－79, C; 60－69, D；Below 60, E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 ＝ 10%; Essay 2 ＝15%; Essay 3＝ 15%; Essay 4 ＝ 20%.
C.It benefits manufacturers. × 断章取义
D.It upsets customers.
× 断章取义
题型二推理判断
1
题型针对练
[解题指导] 考查推理判断题之隐含信息、言外之意。根据文中“show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools” 可知，糖税政策的实施，产生了积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑，由此可以推断该政策是成功的，故选 B项。

高考英语二轮专题复习之阅读理解：推理判断题(共90张PPT)

二、选项特点 1．正确选项的特点 (1)在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推断出正确选项。 (2)大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。 2．干扰项的特点 (1)颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。 (2)照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。 (3)推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。 (4)无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。
三、做推理判断题时应注意的问题 1．把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容，在彻底理解文章的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。 2．不以偏概全，不断章取义，不就事论事。对于所阅读的表面信息进行加工处理，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般。通过分析、综合和判断进行深层处理，然后进行符合逻辑的推理。 3．切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。要忠于原文，以文章提供的线索和事实为依据，立足已知，推知未知，立足现在，推知未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测。
28．What can we infer about languages in hunter－gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patterns. D．They were closely connected.
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter－gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other...when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了 12 000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。

2024年高考英语复习讲练测(新教材新高考) 阅读理解推理判断题(讲义) (解析版)

►第2讲推理判断题（讲义）【复习目标】熟练语篇类型和语篇结构明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解推理判断理题细目表卷别年份202320222021新高考I 卷766新高考II 卷742【网络构建】命题规律：推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一,包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。

考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。

分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。

预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比7题左右。

题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。

2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。

预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重对推理判断题的考查。

错误原因：1.主观臆断2.缺乏逻辑3.过度推理4.缺乏常识选项特征：锁定关键词：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）,indicate（暗示，象征）,imply（暗示）,assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型解题指导：(1)浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项(2)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(3)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。

无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。

【真题典例】1.（2023年新高考I卷B篇）“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”27.What is the basis for John’s work?A.Nature can repair itself.anisms need water to survive.C.Life on Earth is diverse.D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。

2024届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题__依文推理定选项(含答案)

高考英语二轮专题复习：第二讲推理判断题——依文推理定选项推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。

解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。

在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。

高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括细节推理题、写作意图题、观点态度题和文章出处题或读者对象题。

一、推理判断题的4大题型二、推理判断题的5大命题陷阱推理判断题是为了考查学生能否读懂文章中字里行间隐含的含义，能否以文章中所叙述的事实为依据，经过自己的思考和判断进行客观的推理，从而得出结论。

因此，命题者常常设置一些干扰项，没读懂文章的学生很容易受其“迷惑”而“误入歧途”，掉入命题者精心设置的“陷阱”。

陷阱(一)主观臆断选项没有基于原文进行推断，而是主观猜测想象或根据常识进行猜测过度推断或以偏概全有时作者仅简单、客观叙述事实，并未作出评论，而部分选项却扩大作者的叙述范围、进行过度推断；或者针对原文中某一句话进行推断，忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全错误某些选项的内容与原文句子结构、词汇使用高度相似，仅在不起眼处略微改动用词，或截取部分原文中出现过的关键词，但整体意思不符合原文主旨，此类选项干扰性较强三、推理判断题的7大解题技法推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或论据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，它一般具有以下特征：(1)“立足原文，只推一步，”即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。

(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如 only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有余地的词汇，如 often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。

对于推理判断题，学生在平时的备考中要多注意从整体上把握语篇内容，判断文章体裁，通过分析文章结构找到主题段，定位主题句，再分析其他各段与主题之间的关系，理清文章脉络和结构；此外，还应学会理解字里行间的隐含意义，在已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，领会字里行间的“弦外之音”。

高考英语二轮专题能力提升限时训练阅读理解(推理判断类)+任务型读写(含解析)(1)

能力提升限时训练阅读理解(推理判断类)+任务型读写(限时25分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解( A )(对应学生用书第127页) (2012合肥一中最后模拟试题)【广告说明类】The British MuseumLocated in the Bloomsbury area of London,the British Museum is the location of a national collection of science and art treasures.It first began in 1753 when Parliament purchased the collection of Sir Hans Sloane and a collection from Sir Robert Cotton along with Sir Robert Harley’s Library.First opened to the public in 1759 in Montague House,it was later moved to its present location,being built in stages from 1823.The famous Reading Room was built in 1857 and is now part of the glassed-in Great Court.The British Museum aims to “illuminate the histories of cultures for the benefit of present and future generations”.Thus,the number and subject of the exhibits and galleries are vast.R anging from Africa,Asia,the Americas,and Europe to ancient Egypt,Greece,and Rome,and back to prehistoric times,they highlight more than just Britain.A visit to the Museum is a visit through the centuries of mankind and what he has left behind of himself.The 4th to 20th century European art and archaeology collections illustrate cultures of the time.Items from the fa mous Anglo-Saxon Sutton Hoo burial are of particular interest.Sutton Hoo,located in East Suffolk,contained 11 barrows(坟墓)and the remains of a Saxon ship complete with gold and silver treasures.Today the British Museum contains one of the most comprehensive collections of art and archaeology in the world.Admission:Free;charge for special exhibitions.Getting there:The main entrance is on Great Russell St,with an alternate entrance on Montague Place.Bus routes:Tottenham Court Road and Gower Street: 10,24,29,73,134; Southampton Row: 68,91,188; New Oxford Street: 7,8,19,22b,25,38,55,98.1.The purpose of the first paragraph is to .A.honor Sir Robert CottonB.praise what Parliament ever didC.tell the location of the British MuseumD.tell the brief history of the British Museum2.The British Museum try to achieve its aim by .A.offering free big exhibitsB.highlighting civilizations of BritainC.including collections of different culturesD.presenting prehistoric collections of different cultures3.We can conclude that today Sutton Hoo .A.is a famous historic siteB.is a famous Saxon raceC.has become a famous villageD.is still a group good at sailing4.Where can readers most probably read the passage?( )A.In a travel guidebook.B.On an art website.C.In a history textbook.D.In a geography magazine.语篇解读:本文介绍了大英博物馆。

2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解-推理判断题,于文有据不枉断课件

Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active
childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A．It is a shortsighted decision. B．It is a success story. C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
〖解题流程〗
【典例】 [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C]Over the last seven years, most
states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.

新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解专题模拟训练推理判断类

推理判断类A(2023·河南省新未来联盟高考考前模拟)The huge structures of ancient Rome have survived for thousands of years—a testament to the abilities and wisdom of Roman engineers, who perfected the use of concrete．But how did their construction materials help keep grand buildings like the Pantheon (万神殿) (which has the world's largest unreinforced dome)and the Colosseum (斗兽场) standing for more than 2,000 years?Roman concrete, in many cases, has proven to be longer-lasting than modern concrete, which can worsen within decades．Now, scientists behind a new study say they have uncovered the mystery ingredient that allowed the Romans to make their construction material so durable and build splendid structures in challenging places such as docks, sewers and earthquake zones．The study team, including researchers from the United States, Italy and Switzerland, analyzed 2,000-year-old concrete samples that were taken from a city wall at the archaeological site of Privernum, in central Italy, and are similar in composition to other concrete found throughout the Roman Empire．They found that white chunks(块) in the concrete, referred to as lime clasts(石灰碎屑), gave the concrete the ability to heal cracks that formed over time．The white chunks previously had been overlooked as evidence of careless mixing or poor-quality raw material．The new finding could help make manufacturing today's concrete more sustainable, potentially shaking up society as the Romans once did．“Concrete allowed the Romans to have an architectural revolution，” Masic said, “Romans were able to create and turn the cities into something that is extraordinary and beautiful to live in．And that revolution basically changed completely the way humans live．”1．Why does the author mention the Pantheon and the Colosseum？A．To express respect to Romans．B．To introduce the topic of the text．C．To show the wisdom of Roman engineers．D．To prove the uniqueness of Roman architecture．2．What make Roman architecture stand for more than 2,000 years according to the finding？A．Complicated mixing skills．B．Splendid architectural structures．C．Challenging locations of the buildings．D．White chunks in ancient Roman concrete．3．What does Masic think of the new finding？A．Important．B．Valueless．C．Unexpected．D．Doubtful．4．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text？A．Education．B．Travel．C．Science．D．Lifestyle．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

【高考】英语二轮复习阅读之推理判断ppt课件

What would an authoritative father do when raising his children? A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them. C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them
Bradford. old theater.
3) What wCi.lTlhperyoarbeasbuplpyorhtiavepopf ethne ctioty tohffieciablsu. ilding?
D. They are eager to have a shopping center.
4)AW. Ithwailltbcearenpawireed.infer aboBu. Itt wthillebeatuurdneiedninctoea?museum.
warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the
old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were
attitude, learn form, know from, feel about ...
pthuerinpteonsdee,dirneatedenrd, wtroite,r,sahuothwor,… want ...
the intended reader, writer, author…
be taken from, appear, a part of, be taken out of ... happen,follow, next

阅读理解专题——推理判断题(词义猜测+推断隐含意思)+课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习

3. How did the author's classmates react to Mom's coming? A. They welcomed it warmly. B. They gave away her treats. C. They showed off themselves. D. They expressed sympathy for her.
4. Which of the following best states what Mom did at school? B. She encouraged cross-cultural understanding.
练习：名师指津P109 （五）限时10分钟
1. What is Chris Hoy's main purpose of writing the book? 2. Which of the following is included in Chris Hoy's book? 3. What are the secrets to success according to Chris Hoy? 4. What can we infer about Chris Hoy?
练习：名师指津P108 （四）
Each year during primary school, my mother would coordinate (协调) with my teacher to come to my class and tell the story of Hanukkah. She would prepare treats and materials depending on my age. Every time I would proudly stand beside her as she told the story of Hanukkah and explained the symbols. The children who had attended the presentation previously competed to answer questions. After my mom left, I would overhear them showing off their fried treats to kids in other classes.