新托福词汇分类-iBT
TOEFL iBT一般功能性词汇
1. 一般功能词汇表示逻辑关系导致，产生give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for产生于result from, originate in(from)归因于attribute … to, blame..on事物数量几个a number of, a couple of很多个可数a large (significant) number of, numerous很多，大量不可数a significant deal (amount) of很多可数&不可数plenty of充足sufficient, adequate, ample事物的重要性重要essential, vital, key, integral, indispensable不重要minor, secondary普遍的widespread事物的大小和程度较大considerable, significant巨大tremendous, enormous过度excessive, excessively极度extreme, extremely合理适度reasonable, reasonably, moderate, moderately 相似性相同的similar不同的different, distinct变化增加不及物increase, grow, rise使…增加及物increase, boost变少及物decrease, dwindle使…减少不及物decrease, reduce, cut, trim, slash越来越increasingly, progressively时间开始from the onset及时up-to-date过时out-of-date, obsolete短期的temporary, short term长期的lasting, long term代替supplant意愿强制mandatory选择optional可能性可能possible, likely, probably, chances are that不可能impossible, unlikely, improbably可行的practical, viable不可行的impractical利弊分析好事/坏事blessing, curse有益bring benefits to, benefit from有害cause damage/harm to改善，提高及物improve, enhance削弱及物weaken, undermine提供provide, offer, afford获得gain, acquire学会pick up帮助be helpful to, go a long way towards培养develop, foster促成contribute to使……；令……enable, allow, make it possbile 安全和危险保护protect, safeguard危害endanger, put..in danger, be at risk动作做参与take part in, participate in全力做throw one’s heart and soul in不做fail to, abstain from证明和举例证明back up,举例…is a case in point. Take... for example.比较练习1.Acid rains _______ human activities, which cause severe damages to the environment.2.What’s secret of being successful? Does it ________ taking part in various things or concentrating on one area?3.Acid rains _______ human activities, which cause severe damages to the environment.4.What’s secret of being successful? Does it ________ taking part in various things or concentrating on one area?5.What’s the secret of being successful? Some draw their success from careful planning. Others _____ their success __taking risk.6.Many parents ____ their children’s aggressive behavior ____ the increasingly violent content of television programs7.Children today are increasingly violent than they were in the past. Many parents believe that the increasingly violentcontent of television programs is ______8._______reasons can be provided.9.Every year______________ outstanding Chinese students are taking courses at the New Oriental School.10.For ____________ illustrious scientists, the most important aspect of their work is not to increase personal wealth,but to advance science. Take Marie Curie, two-time Nobel laureate, for example.11.Powerful search engines provide ____________________information, rendering libraries and encyclopediasobsolete.12.One of the major advantages of working in a big company is that you get to meet people of _______ backgrounds.13.New York is a very culturally/ethnically ______ city.14.There is _____________ evidence that wearing uniform clothes can effectively reduce the rates of traffic accidents.15.___________ school facilities, like libraries, labs and gyms, are essential to the well-rounded development ofstudents.16.Parents teach children _________ facts about science and life.17.Giving teachers sufficient training and further education is of ________ importance to improving the country’squality of education.18.With oil prices skyrocketing to over 100 dollars and global warming intensifying, governments come to therealization that to develop renewable energy is their ____________________19.Admittedly, some commercial advertisements can provide a certain amount of information which consumers mightfind useful. But compared with the hypes and deceptions of advertisements, these benefits are ___________.20.It has been argued that compared with higher education early education is a low __________ of the government.21. A group of travelers can get __________________ discounts at airlines, hotels, and tourist attractions whiletraveling alone means you have to pay full prices.22. A recent survey can back up this point. It suggests that high school students who are in the school choir or dopainting in their spare time achieved _______________ higher scores in their SAT tests.23.For instance, the famous Three Gorges Dam can generate ___________ power for china and reduce the use of fossilfuels.24.George Soros, the Hungarian-born U.S. billionaire, said on Tuesday that the upcoming G20 summit has“_____________ influence" on the world economy deeply affected by the financial crisis.25.Surfing the Internet __________ decreases interpersonal communication, resulting in loneliness, self-inflictedisolation, and other mental illnesses.26.Thirdly, making school uniforms mandatory improves the physical health of teenagers, precluding students from27.Practicing _____________sports improves the physical health of teenagers.28.Practicing sports ________________ improves the physical health of teenagers.29.However, as the gas prices _________ in the past decade, renewable energy has been playing an increasinglyimportant role.30.With traveling agencies _________ these days, the question a rises, “Is traveling in the company of kindred souls thebest way of traveling?”31.This payment will ______their pension funds by an average of 20 per cent.32.Those commercials (featuring Michael Jordan), along with the company’s “Just Do It” marketing campaign andcampaigns featuring football and baseball star Bo Jackson and motion-picture director Spike Lee, _____ Nike’s profits in the United States, particularly for its sports apparel.33.The world’s natural resources are ______ very rapidly.34.The country’s foreign currency reserves have __________ over the past few years.35.Television has never really “destroyed” interpersonal communication even though it has ________ the quality timespent with family members and friends to a degree.36.CFCs released by air-conditioners and refrigerators are rapidly _______ the Earth’s ozone layer.37.The major aviation companies need to ______ prices if they are to compete with budget airlines.38.People will spend less time on cooking because the pace of life is becoming ______ frantic.39.With children spending an inordinate amount of time on surfing the Internet, parents and educators have expressedserious concern, “Is television a __________ for children?”40.People enter colleges and universities because a higher education can_ ______________ to them.41.If it is educational and serious program that we are talking about, then children can definitely _______ fromwatching them.42.I believe television viewing ___________to children physically, academically and socially.43.Sponsoring athletics brings huge financial benefits to the country, _________ economy and creating jobopportunities44.In order to ____________ working and academic performances, some people argue that employees and studentsshould wear uniform clothes when they are at work or in school.45.Playing mahjong excessively can _____________ people’s health.46.Secondly, computer games _______ useful information about science and history.47.Working experiences help students ______ various essential skills, e.g. communication skills, organizing skills andleadership.48.efficiency.49.First, technology ____ people to communicate in a faster, more economical and more time-saving way.50.According to a survey __________ by the China Daily, five out of ten respondents said they spent more than threehours a day on watching television.51.College students should _________________extracurricular activities as much as possible.52.In many cases, parents_ ____________carry out their responsibilities.53.We should ______________ consuming products made of animal parts to save endangered species.54.As a result, teachers, for fear of getting negative evaluations, may _____________carry out their responsibility asdisciplinarians.55.The plan of allowing high school students to choose any subjects they are interested in has given rise toconsiderable _____________56.In order to improve educational standards, some educators ______________ the implementation of astudent-evaluation system of teachers.57.Admittedly, some parents and educators may ______________ teenager students having jobs, citing reasons fromdrops in academic performances to negative physical effects.58.Music and art enhance children’s concentration. A recent survey can__________this point.59.Movies about real life are worth watching because they make people reflect on their lives. Shawshank Redemptionis a __________ in point.pared with complaining in person, complaining in a letter is a _______ choice.61.Generally speaking, traveling abroad _____________-traveling domestically.。
托福听力分类词汇完整版
新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean 院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor 辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hall computer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influence ObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship Fellowship Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personal possessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙, cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪Byzantine architecture 527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming bird artery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流camouflage 保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
TOEFL iBT List 6~10词汇
1, collaborate [kə'læbəreit] v. 合作,通敌2, collaborator [kə'læbəreitə(r)]n. 合干者,合作者,共同研究者3, collectivelyad. 共同的(集体地,总起来说)4, collide [kə'laid]v. 碰撞,互撞,砥触5, column ['kɔləm]n. 柱，圆柱；柱形物,专栏[计算机] 列6, pillar ['pilə]n. 柱子vt. 用柱支持7, combustible [kəm'bʌstəbl]a. 易燃的,燃烧性的,易动激情的n. 燃质物,可燃物8, comet ['kɔmit]n. 慧星9, command [kə'mɑ:nd] n. 命令,指挥,控制v. 命令,指挥,支配n.[计算机] dos命令: 引用辅助命令处理器10, commemorate [kə'meməreit]v. 纪念,庆祝vt.&n. 纪念11, commission [kə'miʃən] n. 委任状,任官令,佣金v. 委任,委托,使服役12, commit [kə'mit]v. 委托(托付),犯罪,作...事,承诺[计算机] 委托13, review [ri'vju:]n. 检讨,复习,回顾,评审v. 温习,检讨,评论14, commodity [kə'mɔditi] n. 商品,日用品15, communal ['kɔmjunl]a. 公有的16, commute [kə'mju:t]v. 交换,改换支付方法,减轻v. 交换, 折偿17, compact ['kɔmpækt]a. 紧凑的,紧密的,简洁的v. 使装满,使简洁18, article ['ɑ:tikəl]n. 文章,物品,条款,冠词19, comrade ['kɔmrid]n. 同志20, compel [kəm'pel]v. 强迫,迫使21, competence ['kɔmpətəns]n. 能力22, compile [kəm'pail]v. 编译,编辑,编纂[计算机] 编译23, complement ['kɔmplimənt]n. 补足物,补语,余角v. 补助24, complementary [kɔmplə'mentəri]a. 补充的25, completion [kəm'pli:ʃ(ə)n]n. 完成,完满26, compliment ['kɔmplimənt]n. 称赞,恭维,致意v. 称赞,褒扬,恭维27, comply [kəm'plai]v. 顺从,答应28, comprehend [,kɔmpri'hend]vt. 充分理解(综合,包含)29, comprise [kəm'praiz]v. 包含30, compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz]n. 妥协,折衷,折衷案v. 妥协处理,危害v. 妥协,让步31, compulsory [kəm'pʌlsəri]a. 被强制的,强迫的,义务的32, conceal [kən'si:l]v. 隐藏33, concede [kən'si:d]v. 承认,让步,退让34, Grant [grɑ:nt]n.拨款vt.授予,同意,承认35, conceive [kən'si:v]v. 构思,以为,怀孕36, concise [kən'sais]a. 简明的,简要的37, concrete ['kɔnkri:t]n. 水泥,混凝土a. 具体的,实在的,水泥的v. 凝结,结合38, cement [si'ment]n. 水泥,接合剂v. 接合,用水泥涂39, material [mə'tiəriəl]n. 材料,原料,物质;n. 素材,题材,资料a. 物质的,实体的40, condense [kən'dens]v. 浓缩,摘要,缩短41, condensation [kɔnden'seiʃən]n. 压缩,凝缩,液化42, confederacy[kən'fedərəsi]n. 同盟,联邦43, confer [kən'fə:]v. 赠予,协议44, confession [kən'feʃən]n. 自认,自白,招供45, configuration[kən,figju'reiʃən]n. 结构,布局,形态[计算机] 配置46, confine ['kɔnfain]v. 限制,闭居[计算机] 限制47, validate ['vælideit]v. 使...有效,确认48, clash [klæʃ]n. 冲突,撞击声,抵触v. 冲突,抵触,使...发出撞击声49, conform [kən'fɔ:m] v. 使一致,遵守,使顺从50, confront [kən'frʌnt] v. 面对,对抗,遭遇51, congenial [kən'dʒi:njəl] a. 同性质的,适意的,趣味相同的52, congestion [kən'dʒestʃən]n. 混杂,拥挤,过剩[计算机] 拥挤53, clog [klɔg]n. 阻塞(止轮器)vt 阻塞(粘住,塞满)54, congress ['kɔŋgres]n. 代表大会,国会,议会55, parliament ['pɑ:ləmənt] n. 议会,国会56, perceptual [pə'septjuəl] a. 感性的,知觉的57, consent [kən'sent]n. 同意,许可v. 同意,承诺58, conserve [kən'sə:v]n. 蜜饯,果酱v. 保存,保全59, sustained [səs'teind] a. 持久的,经久不衰的60, compatible [kəm'pætəbl]a. 能共处的,可并立的,适合[计算机] 相兼容的61, consonant ['kɔnsənənt] n. 子音a. 一致的,调和的62, consort ['kɔnsɔ:t]n. 配偶,夫妻v. 陪伴,结交,符合63, constellation [kɔnstə'leiʃən]n. 星座,星群64, constituent[kən'stitjuənt]n. 成份,选民,构成物a. 构成的,组织的,有提名权的65, electorate [i'lektərət]n. 选民,有选举权者,选区66, constrain [kən'strein]v. 强迫,勉强,驱使67, constrict [kən'strikt]v. 压缩,束紧,使收缩68, consult [kən'sʌlt]v. 商讨,向...请教,查阅69, counsel ['kaunsəl]n. 商议,忠告,法律顾问v. 商议,劝告70, contaminate[kən'tæmineit]v. 弄脏,污染71, prolongate [prəu'lɔŋgeit]vt. 延长(拖延)72, continuum[kən'tinjuəm]n. 连续,连续统,闭连集73, succession [sək'seʃən]n. 连续,继承权,继位74, contour ['kɔntuə]n. 轮廓(等高线,周线,电路,概要)vt 画轮廓(画等高线)75, continuity [,kɔnti'nju(:)iti]n. 连续性76, contract ['kɔntrækt]n. 合约,婚约,立约v. 缩短,缩小v. 订约77, pact [pækt]n. 契约,协定,条约78, shrink [ʃriŋk]n. 收缩,萎缩v. 收缩,退缩,萎缩79, contrast ['kɔntræst]n. 差别,对比,对照物v. 对比,成对照[计算机] 反差80, convection [kən'vekʃən]n. 传达,对流,对流81, conveying [kən'veiiŋ]n. 传输82, converge [kən'və:dʒ]v. 聚合,集中于一点(或一块)83, converse [kən'və:s]n. 相反的事物,倒,逆向a. 相反的,逆向的,倒的v. 交谈,谈话[计算机] 转换84, convict ['kɔnvikt]n. 囚犯,罪犯v. 使...确信自己犯错,宣告...有罪,使...知罪85, criminate ['krimineit]v. 使负罪,定罪,陷入于罪86, coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit]n. 同等的人物,同位格a. 同等的,等位的v. 协调,整合,综合[计算机] 坐标87, coral ['kɔrəl]a. 珊瑚(色)的n. 珊瑚88, corona [kə'rəunə]n. 电晕(冠状物,日冕,飞檐的上部)89, auran. 气味,气氛90, corporate ['kɔ:pərit]adj.社团的, 法人的, 共同的, 全体的n.法人,公司91, corrosion [kə'rəuʒən] n. 侵蚀(腐蚀,锈)92, corrosive [kə'rəusiv] a. 腐蚀的,腐蚀性的,蚀坏的n. 腐蚀物,腐蚀药93, cosmic ['kɔzmik]a. 宇宙的94, cosmos ['kɔzmɔs]n. 宇宙95, counseling ['kaunsəliŋ] n. 顾问服务96, counselor ['kaunsələ] n. 顾问,参事,法律顾问97, counteract [,kauntə'rækt]v. 抵消,阻碍,中和98, counterpart ['kauntəp ɑ:t]n. 相似之物(正副二份中之一,对应物)99, coupon ['ku:pɔn]n. 试样(配给票,息票,附单) 100, cramped [kræmpt] a. 狭促的,难懂的,难辨的101, crater ['kreitə]n. 弹坑,火山口102, crawl [krɔ:l]n. 爬行,匍匐而行v. 爬行103, credential [kri'denʃəl] n. 国书,凭据,印信104, crest [krest]n. 冠,饰毛,顶部v. 到达绝顶,加以顶饰105, crew [kru:]n. 全体船员,全体乘务员vi. 一起工作106, crippling ['kripliŋ]a. 造成严重后果的107, crisscross ['kriskrɔs] a. 交叉的,十字形的108, criterion [krai'tiəriən] n. 标准,准则109, peak [pi:k]n. 山顶,顶点,帽舌v. 到达高点,消瘦,竖起110, critique [kri'ti:k]n. 批评,批评法,评论111, crucial ['kru:ʃiəl, 'kru:ʃəl]a. 关键的,决定性的112, crude [kru:d]a. 粗鲁的,简陋的,天然的,未加工的n. 原油113, crusade [kru:'seid]n. 改革运动,十字军东侵v. 干改革运动,加入十字军114, crustacean [krʌs'teiʃjən]n. 甲壳类动物115, cue [kju:]n. 开端,线索,开始116, cultivated ['kʌltiveitid]a. 耕耘的,栽植的,有教养的v. 种植,耕耘vbl. 种植,耕耘117, cumbersome ['kʌmbəsəm]a. 笨重的118, cuneiform ['kju:niifɔ:m]a. 楔形的,楔形文字的119, curriculum课程，全部课程curricula(复数）curriculum vitae:履历表120, cylinder ['silində]n. 汽缸,圆筒,圆柱体121, dairy ['dєəri]a. 牛奶的n. 牛奶场,乳品店,乳制品122, dam [dæm]n. 水坝123, dawn [dɔ:n]n. 破晓124, dazzling ['dæzliŋ]a. 眼花撩乱的,耀眼的125, debris ['debri:, 'deib-]n. 碎片,残骇126, remains [ri'meins]n. 残余(余物,遗物,化石)127, debut ['debju;'deibju:]n. 初次登场128, decay [di'kei]n. 衰退,腐败v. 衰退,腐败129, rot [rɔt]n. 腐烂,腐蚀,败坏v. 腐烂,使...枯朽,衰弱130, decent ['di:snt]a. 有分寸的,得体的,相当好的131, deceptive [di'septiv]a. 迷惑的,虚伪的,诈欺的132, fraudulent ['frɔ:djulənt]a. 欺诈的,不正的,不诚实的133, deciduous [di'sidʒjuəs]a. 每年落叶的,非永久性的134, decipher [di'saifə]v. 译解135, decode [,di:'kəud]v. 解码,译解[计算机] 译码136, dedicate ['dedikeit]v. 献出137, dedication [,dedi'keiʃən]n. 奉献138, deficiency [di'fiʃənsi]n. 缺乏,不足139, deficient [di'fiʃənt]a. 不足的,不充份的,有缺陷的140, definite ['definit]a. 明确的,一定的141, definitive [di'finitiv]n. 限定词a. 限定的,决定性的142, deform [di:'fɔ:m]v. 使...残缺,使...变形143, delegate ['deligit]n. 代表vt. 派…为代表；委任144, inadequate [in'ædikwit]a. 不充分的,不适当的145, deliberate [di'libəreit] a. 故意的,深思熟虑的v. 仔细考虑vt. 研讨146, delicate ['delikit]a. 细致优雅的,微妙的,美味的147, subtle ['sʌtl]a. 微妙的,敏感的,精细的,狡猾的148, exquisite ['ekskwizit] a. 精致的,细腻的,敏锐的149, delta ['deltə]n. (河流的)三角洲150, demanding [di'm ɑ:ndiŋ; (US) di'mændiŋ]a. 要求多的,吃力的151, democratic [,demə'krætik]a. 民主的152, demolish [di'mɔliʃ] v. 毁,破坏,粉碎153, dismantle [dis'mæntl] v. 拆除...的设备,分解154, demonstrate ['demənstreit]v. 示范,演示,证明,示威155, denote [di'nəut]v. 指示,表示156, dense [dens]a. 不易看透的,密集的,浓厚的,愚钝的157, dentist ['dentist]n. 牙科医生158, negate [ni'geit] v. 否定,否认,打消159, depict [di'pikt]v. 描述160, deplete [di'pli:t]v. 耗尽,使...空竭161, deprive [di'praiv]v. 剥夺162, derive [di'raiv]v. 得自,起源,引申于163, descent [di'sent]n. 降落,家系,侵袭164, deserted [di'zə:tid]a. 废弃的v. 遗弃vbl. 遗弃165, obsolete ['ɔbsəli:t]a. 已废弃的,过时的166, void [vɔid]n. 空虚a. 空的167, designate ['dezigneit]v. 指定,标示168, desolate ['desəlit]a. 荒凉的169, destineda. 去往…的170, deter [di'tə:]v. 制止,使...断念171, deteriorate[di'tiəriəreit]v. 恶化172, detest [di'test]v. 厌恶173, devastate ['devəsteit]v. 毁坏174, countless ['kaʊtlis]a. 无数的175, devastating['devəsteitiŋ]a. 破坏性的, 全然的176, devoid [di'vɔid]a. 全无的,缺乏的177, apparatusn. 装置,器具,器官178, contrive [kən'traiv]v. 发明,设计,图谋179, detour ['di:tʊə(r); (US)di'tʊər]n. 绕路,便道v. 绕路而行180, diagnose ['daiəgnəuz]v. 诊断vi. 判断,诊断(疾病)vt. 诊断(疾病)181, diagnosis[,daiəg'nəusis]n. 诊断182, diameter [dai'æmitə]n. 直径183, dictate [dik'teit]v. 听写,口述,口授n. 命令,指挥,指令184, idiom ['idiəm]n. 成语,惯用语185, diction ['dikʃən]n. 措辞186, differentiate [,difə'renʃieit]v. 区别,差别187, diffuse [di'fju:z]v. 散播188, abdicate ['æbdikeit]v. 放弃189, dilemma [di'lemə,dai-]n. 困境,进退两难190, dilute [dai'lju:t, di'l-]v. 冲淡,稀释191, DIM [dim]adj. 暗淡的, 模糊的vt. 使暗淡, 使失去光泽n. <美俚>笨蛋、傻子192, dimension [di'menʃən]n. 尺寸,次元,容积,维度193, diminish [di'miniʃ]v. 减少,变小194, diplomat ['dipləmæt]a. 外交官,外交家n. 外交家195, directory [di'rektəri] n. 目录,工商名录,指南[计算机] 目录196, discern [di'sə:n]v. 辨别,看轻楚197, ascertainv. 确定,探知198, discharge [dis'tʃɑ:dʒ] v. 卸下,放出,解雇,放电,解除199, discrete [dis'kri:t]a. 不连续的[计算机] 分离200, discrimination [dis,krimi'neiʃən]n. 歧视201, discernment [di'sə:nmənt]n. 眼光,洞察力202, disguise [dis'gaiz]n. 假面目,假装v. 假装203, disintegrate [dis'intigreit]v. (使)粉碎,(使)碎裂,解体,瓦解vt. 瓦解,崩溃204, smash [smæʃ]n. 破碎,大败,冲突a. 非常的,了不起的v. 粉碎,溃裂,使破产[羽]扣球205, disinterested [dis'intristid]a. 无私欲的,廉洁的,公平的206, dismal ['dizməl]a. 阴沉的,凄凉的,暗的207, dismay [dis'mei]n. 沮丧v. 使...惊愕,使...气馁208, disrupt [dis'rʌpt]a. 分裂的,分散的v. 使...分裂,使...瓦解209, disseminate[di'semineit]v. 散播,传播,宣传210, distort [dis'tɔ:t]v. 扭曲211, misrepresent['mis,repri'zent]vt. 误称(把...颠倒黑白,错误表现)212, domain [dəu'mein]n. 领域[计算机] 域213, territory ['teritəri]n. 领土,版图,领域,范围214, dominate ['dɔmineit]v. 支配,占优势215, household['haushəuld]a. 家庭的n. 家庭,户216, monopolize [mə'nɔpəlaiz]v. 独占,垄断217, dormant ['dɔ:mənt]a. 睡眠状态的,静止的[计算机] 静止的218, draft [drɑ:ft]n. 草稿,草图,汇票v. 起草,征兵219, drain [drein]n. 下水道,排水沟,消耗v. 耗尽,排出沟外220, striking ['straikiŋ]a. 引人注目的,显著的221, theatrical [θi'ætrikəl]a. 剧场的,夸张的222, fierce [fiəs]a. 猛烈的,残忍的,狂暴的,强烈的223, drift [drift]n. 漂移,漂流物,观望,漂流,吹积物,趋势v. 漂移,漂流,吹积224, drill [dril]n. 钻孔机,钻子,播种机v. 训练,钻孔225, dubious ['dju:bjəs]a. 怀疑的,可疑的226, ductile ['dʌktail]a. 易延展的,柔软的,易教导的227, dump [dʌmp]n. 垃圾场v. 倾卸,切断电源,倾倒228, duplicate ['dju:plikeit]n. 副本,复本,复制品a. 复制的,二重的v. 复制[计算机] 复制229, dwelling ['dweliŋ]n. 住处230, ease [i:z]n. 安乐,安逸,悠闲v. 使...安乐,使...安心,减轻,放松231, eccentric [ik'sentrik]n. 怪人a. 古怪的,反常的232, edifice ['edifis]n. 大厦,大建筑物233, editorial [edi'tɔ:riəl]n. 社论a. 编辑的234, elaborate [i'læbərət]a. 精细的,详尽的,精心的v. 详细地说明,用心地作,推敲235, ornate [ɔ:'neit, 'ɔ:neit]a. 装饰的,华丽的236, elective [i'lektiv]a. 可任意选择的n. 选修科目237, elementary[,eli'mentəri]a. 初级的,基本的238, elicit [i'lisit]v. 引出,抽出239, educe [i(:)'dju:s]v. 演绎,引出240, eligible ['elidʒəbl] a. 可以选的,有资格的,合格的n. 有资格者,合格者,适任者241, eliminate [i'limineit] v. 除去,排除,剔除[计算机] 消除242, elliptical [i'liptikəl] a. 椭圆的243, eradicate [i'rædikeit] v. 根除,扑减,根绝244, remove [ri'mu:v]n. 距离v. 除去,迁移,开除245, elm [elm]n. 榆树246, eloquent ['eləkwənt] a. 雄辩的,有口才的,动人的247, expressive [iks'presiv] a. 表达的248, appealinga. 引起兴趣的,动人的。
iBT新托福重点考察词汇解析：hold ／propose／deem(1)
iBT新托福重点考察词汇解析：hold ／propose／deem在托福考试里面HOLD/PROPOSE/DEEM都表示“认为，提出”的意思。
hold / h?uld； hold/ v （pt， pp held / held； h?ld/）[Tn， Tn．pr] take and keep or support （sb/sth）in one’s arms， hands， teeth， etc 拿住，抓住，抱住，咬住，托住，支撑住（某人[某物]）：*The girl was holding her father’s hand．那女孩抓住她父亲的手．* The lovers held each other tight．这一对情侣紧紧地搂抱着．* They were holding hands，ie holding each other’s hands．他们手握着手．* She was holding an umbrella．她拿着一把伞．* She held me by the sleeve．她抓住我的袖子．* She was holding the baby in her arms．她抱着婴儿．* He held the rope in his teeth as he climbed the tree．他爬树时用牙齿咬着绳子．[Tf， Cn．a， Cn．t] （fml 文） believe， consider or regard 相信；认为；视作：*I hold that the government’s economic policies are mistaken．我认为政府的经济政策是错误的．* I hold the parents responsible for their child’s behaviour．我认为父母应对子女的行为负责．* I hold him to be a fool．我认为他是个傻瓜．propose / pr??p?uz；pr?ˋpoz/ v[Tn， Tf， Tg] offer or put forward （sth） for consideration；suggest 提议，建议（某事物）： The motion （ie for debate） wasproposed by Mr X and seconded by Mrs Y．那动议经X先生提出有Y夫人附议． * The committee proposed that new legislation should be drafted．委员会建议着手起草新法规． Cf 参看 second3 2．[I， Ipr， Tn， Dn．pr] ～（sth）（to sb） suggest or offer marriage （to sb）， esp formally （向某人）求婚（尤指正式地）：*He was trying to decide whether he should propose （to her）．他反覆思量是否该（向她）求婚．* He had proposed marriage， unsuccessfully， twice already．他已经两次求婚，均未成功．（idm 习语）propose sb’s 'health/a 'toast ask people to drink to sb’s health a nd happiness 提议为某人的健康和幸福而乾杯：I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom．我提议为新娘新郎的幸福乾杯．deem / di?m； dim/ v [Tf， Tnt esp passive 尤用於被动语态，Cn．a esp passive 尤用於被动语态， Cn．n] （fml 文） consider；regard 认为；视为：*He deemed that it was his duty to help．他认为他有责任加以援助．* She was deemed （to be） the winner．人们认为是她获胜．* It is deemed advisable．这认为是可取的．* I deem it a great honour to be invited to address you．要我向诸位讲几句话，我觉得非常荣幸．。
iBT新托福必备专业分类词汇
iBT 新托福必备专业分类词汇托福考试本身是一个专业化的语言水平评测考试，本身专业知识是不应该影响到托福成绩的，但是在设计考试的过程中不可避免地会涉及到一些专业的词汇。
虽然这些词汇在美国人看来是日常中都会遇到的词汇，不应该算是专业词汇。
但是对于中国考生来说，由于教育体制的限制以及平时积累的不足，因此很多考友在面对专业词汇的时候，都感觉手足无措。
而且经常有很多文科生反馈，对于理科文章听不懂，当然也有很多理科生表示，理科的文章不好理解，由于托福考试的文章根本不会很深的涉及专业考试的内部知识原理，因此，唯一的面对不熟悉的专业就不知所云的可能就是对于专业词汇不够熟悉。
本次，无老师搜集了网上一个很强大的专业词汇的版本，进行大刀阔斧的删节为各位考友奉献出这个新托福考试专用的专业分类词汇，将各位考友在考试中可能遇到的专业词汇一网打尽，绝对不留死角。
此分类文件中大量删减了一些过于专业，以至于不可能在托福考试中出现的词汇，而且5页A4纸也十分易于携带，各位考友可以在公车上，地铁上，煲电话粥的时候，甚至听家长碎碎念的时候都可以背这份专业分类词汇！本专业词汇一共分为30大类，天文，地理，生态，人物，经济。
总之，只要是托福考试当中出现过的，这份专业分类词汇之中就一定会出现！而且最后还附上了一份重要学科名称，对于各位考友在听力考试中熟悉该lecture的属于哪一大项十分有帮助！可以说这份资料中所列出的词汇99%以上都是在托福考试之中出现过的，反之亦然。
而且无老师本次特别贴心的加入了无数励志诗词，欢迎各位考友也把自己的单词诗词在微博里@ 给无老师。
^_^ 新托福最新、11. ASTRONOMY 天文学astronomical天文的astronomer天文学家galaxy (Milky Way) 银河系astrophysics天文物理学observable可观察到的astrology占星学cluster星团deviate偏离solar太阳的solar system太阳系cosmos (universe) 宇宙solar corona日冕cosmology宇宙学solar radiation太阳辐射infinite无限的planet行星cosmic宇宙的planetoid (asteroid)小行星celestial天的revolve旋转；绕转celestial body (heavenly body)天体twinkle闪烁celestial globe天球仪naked eye肉眼terrestrial …地球仪Mercury水星celestial navigation (astronavigation)天文导航Venus金星stellar星的Earth地球nebula (复数nebulae或nebulas)星云Mars火星nebular(nebulous)星云的；星云状的Jupiter木星dwarf (dwarf star)矮星Saturn土星constellation星座Uranus天王星planisphere平面天球图,星座图Neptune海王星我寄愁心与明月，随君一起背单词。
Toefl iBT 高分作文高频词汇
T o e f l i B T高分作文高频词汇AAbove-mentioned adj.上述的Accolade n.称赞Aesthetic adj.审美的Affection n.友情；爱情Age-old adj.古老的Adage n.格言Adept adj.熟练的Adversity n.逆境Adversary n.对手Appease v.平息，安抚，缓和，使满足Approximately adv.大约Apex n.顶点，高潮Aptitude n.才能，才华Attest v.证明；表明Ailment n.疾病Ambassador n.使者，大使Amiable adj.和蔼的Anatomy n.解剖学Anarchic adj.无政府主义的Anarchy n.无政府状态，政治混乱Antisocial adj.孤僻的，不善社交的;反社会的Aquatic adj.水的，水生的Assimilation n.同化Asthma n.哮喘Amicably adv.友好地Assume v.假定，假如Asset n.资源Attribute n.特征Athletically adv.运动性地Awry adj.错误的Arena n.舞台；领域Array n.展示，排列，盛装Artificially adv.人工地Acquaintanceship n.相识Authority n.负责人Autographe n.亲笔签名Alarmingly adv.惊人地Alter v.改变Alleged adj.所谓的Ark n.方舟BBarmaid n.酒吧女招待Barbeque n.烧烤；烤肉野餐Bare adj.无遮蔽的；赤裸的；秃的Barren adj.荒芜的Basal adj.基础的Balcony n.阳台Bulb n.电灯泡Buzzword n时髦词汇，漂亮口号Boast v.自夸，以拥有~而自豪Bond v.维系，联结Bonding adj.联络感情的Bonus n.奖赏Blameworthy adj.该受责备的Blockbuster n.一鸣惊人者Bustling adj.繁忙的，热闹的；熙熙攘攘的CCast n.投掷，抛射Camaraderie n.友情，同志之爱Catalyst n.催化剂；接触剂Captivate v.迷住，迷惑Charismatic adj.有超凡魅力的Cholesterol n.胆固醇Coerce v.强制，强迫Collective adj.集合的，共同的Confine v.限制，禁闭Complex n.综合性建筑Compromising adj.妥协的，让步的Commute v.每天往返上班；定期往返于两地间Copious adj.很多的，丰富的Conceive v.构思，以为Conceivable adj.可想象的，可能的Connotation n.涵义，言外之意Conjure v.想象，变出Conjecture n.推测Considerably adv,相当大地Counterpart n.极为相似的人或物，副本；对应物Connoisseur n.鉴赏家Corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的Controversial adj.争论的，争议的Contemplate v.沉思Coupling n.联结，接合，耦合Conceptual adj.概念上的Conductive adj.有助于~的Confront v.面对Congest v.使充满，使拥塞Console v.安慰，慰藉Consumption n.消费；消费量Consensus n.共识，意见一致Consistent adj.始终如一的Controversial adj.有争议的Couch n.睡椅Courtesy n.礼貌Core n.中心Copious adj.丰富的Civic adj.市的，市政的Closeness n.亲密Crucial adj.决定性的Culinary adj.厨房的，厨房用的Curl v.蜷曲Chunk n.大块，相当大的数量Cuisine n.烹饪DDay-to-day adj.日常的，例行的Dean n.院长Debris n.碎石Decent adj.不错的，相当好的Decomposition n.分解，腐败，腐烂Democratic adj.民主的，民主主义的Depravity n.堕落，腐坏Desensitize v.使不敏感Determinative n.起决定性作用的事Detrimental adj.有害的Degradation n.堕落，退化Demographic adj.人口的，人口统计学的Documentary n.纪录片Disc jockey（DJ）电台音乐节目主持人Discern v.洞悉，识别Disheveled adj.不整洁的Distract v.分散~的注意力Dissemination n.分发，传播Dramatically adv.戏剧性地；剧烈地；引人瞩目的Drastically adv.激烈地Dissipate v.驱散Disposal n.布置，安排Disseminate v.散布Discourse n.谈话，讲话Discipline n.修养Disguise n.伪装Dissipate v.消散Divine adj.神的，神圣的Divergent adj.有分歧的，不同的Distinctive adj.与众不同的，有特色的Dramatically adv.极大地Duplicate n.完全相同的东西EEcosystem n.生态系统Elevator n.电梯Etcetera n.附加的人；附加物；等等Etiquette n.礼节Esteem n.尊重；尊敬Enamel n.瓷釉；vt.涂上瓷釉Entertainer n.演艺人员Enduring adj.持久的Engross v.用大字体书写；吸引Endeavor n.努力，尽力Endow v.赋予Enchant adj.使~入迷Ethics n.道德规范，伦理Endorse v.认可，签署Enforce v.实施，执行；强迫Errand n.差事Epitomize v.摘要；成为···缩影Emanate v.散发，发出；发源Embody vt.具体表达，包含Empathy n.通感Empirical adj.根据经验的，实用的Endeavor n,努力，尽力Excel v.优秀，胜过别人Exceptionally adv.格外地，特别地Exceedingly adv.及其，非常Expertise n.专门技能；专门知识Exploitative adj.开发资源的Explicitly adv.明白地Exponentially adv.成指数地，越来越快地Exorbitant adj.昂贵的Exorbitantly adv,过分地Equation n.相等，平衡，综合体Equalizer n.平衡器Elimination n消除Evoke v.唤起，引起FFancy adj.花哨的Fame n.声明，声望Fatal adj.致命的，重大的Flora n.植物Framework n.框架，构架，结构Feat n.技艺，功绩forge v.塑造Foster v.培养Frivolously adv.轻浮地，愚昧地Frivolity n.无聊的东西Fulfilling adj.有成就感的，有满足感的Flawlessly adv.无误地Flavor n.滋味Flip v.快速翻动，轻抛GGaiety n.欢乐的气氛Gear v.使适用于，调整，搭配活动Gesture n.表示Gloat v.心满意足Gracious adj.亲切的，高尚的Grant n.赠款Gospel n.真理Greenery n.草木Gross v.总共赚得Grumble n.怨言v.抱怨Grim adj.严峻的Grinding adj.折磨的HHaggard adj.憔悴的Halt n.停住，止步Hands-on adj.亲身实践的Handcrafted adj.手工的Handmade adj.手工制作的Habitual adj.习惯性的Habitat n.栖息地Hasty adj.轻率的Harness v.掌握Hearty adj.丰盛的Healing adj.有治疗功用的Heavy adj.油腻的Harshly adv.严厉地，苛刻地Hibernation n.冬眠Hindrance n.障碍Hygienic adj.卫生的Humanoid adj.人形的Humble adj.卑微的，微贱的Hectic adj.发热的，兴奋的Heavenly adj.神圣的IIconic adj.图标的Idolize v.极度崇拜Incredibly adv.非常,极端地Indecision n.优柔寡断，犹豫不决Inevitably adv.不可避免地Ingrained adj.根深蒂固的Impulsive adj.冲动的Implement n.工具；器具Immobility n.牢固Inherent adj.内在的，与生俱来Intelligent adj.智能的Intensive adj.集中的Intently adv.专注地，专心的Incorporate v.综合，合并Intricate adj.错综复杂的Intimate adj.亲密的Intensity n.强度Intense adj.极端的Indulge vi.沉溺Ideological adj.意识形态的，思想的Introverted adj.性格内向的；含蓄的Intrinsic adj.内在的，本质的Irrefutably adv.无可辩驳地Interact vi.相互交往Innumerable adj.数不清的，无数的Innocent adj.纯真的Innovation n.改革创新Innovative adj.创新的Irritating adj.令人不愉快的Insight n.见识，见解（+on) Inexpert adj.不熟练的Infamous adj.声名狼藉的Indispensable adj.不可缺少的Inspiration n.灵感Inseminate v.向~授精Immune adj.免疫的Illustrate v.举例说明，阐明Ill adj.卑劣的Impoverish v.使贫穷，使枯竭Impair v.削弱Indicator n.指示器；指示针；指标Intensely adv,剧烈地，热情地Intensive adj.密集的Interrelate v.互相关联Interrupted adj.被中断的Intertwine v.(使)缠绕Intricate adj.错综复杂的Irreconcilable adj.不协调的，矛盾的Inevitably adv,不可避免地Indulge v.迁就JJasmine n.茉莉，素馨，淡黄色Juxtaposition n.毗邻，并置，并列KKinship n.亲密关系LLaminate n.层压板Lavatory n.洗手室，厕所Likelihood n.可能性Logic n.逻辑Lonesome adj.感到寂寞的MMarshland n.沼泽地Metaphysics n.玄学Metropolis n.首都，大都会Metaphor n.隐喻，暗喻，比喻说话Massive adj.厚重的，大块的Maturity n.成熟，到期，完备Manifest v.出现；表明Manual n.手册；指南Maid n.仆人Malevolent adj.有恶意的，坏心肠的Manipulative adj.操纵的，控制的；巧妙处理的Messy adj.凌乱的，杂论的Merit n.优点Memento n.纪念品Monetary adj.货币的，金钱的Migration n.迁徙Misinterpretation n.曲解，误译Mystical adj.神秘的Monotonous adj.单调的，无变化的Mountainous adj.山一般的，巨大的Mode n.方式，样式Myth n.神话NNamely adv.即，也就是Navigate v.航行，航海；驾驶Nomad n.游牧民Nominal adj.金额极小的Norm n.标准，规范Notoriety n.恶名，声名狼藉；名声远扬Notorious adj.声名狼藉的Notoriously adv.臭名昭著地，众所周知地Nicotine n.尼古丁Nuance n.颜色，意义等细微差别OOblivion n.遗忘Occurrence n.事件Off-limits adj.禁止入内的Overall 总的来说Overwhelming adj.压倒性的Overwhelmingly adv.极其Onlooker n.旁观者，观众Outlet n.途径，发泄途径Outperform v.比~做得好PProgrammer n.程序员Partial adj.Parallel n.平行线，平行面Partake v.参加，参与；享受Paycheck n.付薪水的支票；薪水Patriotic adj.爱国的，有爱国心的Parvenu n.暴发户Photosynthesis n.光合作用Pockmark n.痘痕，麻子Poignantly adv.（味觉，嗅觉方面）刺激地Pop n.汽水Postage n.邮资，邮费Posit v.提出以供考虑或研究的建议；假定，认为Porthole n.通道Prevalent adj.普通的；流行的Preoccupy v.使全神贯注，迷住Prickly adj.易怒的Perception n.感知Peer n.同伴，同辈；同等的人；v.盯着看Perfume n.香水Pester v.纠缠Procrastinate v,延迟，耽搁Prophet n.先知，预言家Profound adj.深远的Proficient adj.熟练地，精通的Propose v,建议，向~提议Puberty n.青春期Prominent adj.卓越的，显著的Prolong vt.延长Prosperity n.兴旺，繁盛Precise adj.精确的，准确的Presumptuous adj.自以为是的Preferable adj.可取的Phonograph n.留声机，电唱机Phase n.阶段Phenomenal adj.出众的，非常的Photography n.摄影，摄影术Perspective n.观点，看法；见解，洞察Perceive v.理解，领悟Plague v.折磨，使苦恼Playful adj.活泼的，有趣的Plethora n.过多，过剩Plumbing n.管道装置Prominent adj.突出的，显著的Prudent adj.谨慎的，慎重的Present v.介绍，引荐Publicist n.公共关系顾问Picturesque adj.独特的QQuery n.质问RRatio n.比例，比率Readily adv.容易地Rookie n.新手；新兵Recruit v.聘用Refresh v.使恢复精神Rejuvenate v.使恢复活力Remedy n.补救法Retain v.保持，保留Resounding adj.响亮的Repetitive adj.重复的；反复性的Revelation n.显示，揭露，启示Relevant adj.有实际重要性的Regarding prep.关于~Ripple n.波动，起伏Reject v.否认Resume n.个人简历Reckon v.认为SSanitation n.卫生设备；环境卫生Sanctuary n.避难所Savvy adj.有见识的Savor v.尽情享受Spark v.激发Scrutiny n.详细审查Stationary adj.固定的Stable adj.稳定的Stability n.稳定性Stimulating v.促进Serenity n.平静Sensation n.感情，耸人听闻的Sensible adj.合理的Self-perceived adj.自以为的Soothing adj.平静的Sooth v.使~平静Shed v.流下；流出，发散Showcase n.陈列柜；v.使~展现Slumber n.睡眠Silt n.泥沙Signify v.象征，预示Sizable adj.相当大的Socialize v.交往Solely adv.独自地，单独地；仅仅Solidify v.巩固Sophisticated adj精致的，复杂的，富有经验的Socialization n.交际Spacious adj.宽敞的Spontaneously adv.自然地Sportsmanship n.运动家精神Stimulus n.促进(因素)；刺激(物) Stimulating adj.刺激的，有刺激性的Stool n.马桶Subtlety n.微妙Supplement v.辅助Supervise v.监督Surpass v.超越，胜过Sub-culture n.亚文化，次文化Subjective adj.主观的Subconsciously adv.下意识地Sustainability n.可持续性Susceptible adj.易得病的Studious adj.勤学的，认真的Strategy n.策略，计策Steady adj.平稳的，稳定的Sneaker n.运动鞋Succinctly adv.简洁地，简便地Speculation n.思索TTaboo adj.禁忌的，忌讳的Tardy adj.迟到Tantrum n.发怒Tedious adj.单调乏味的Trailer n.追踪者Transpire v.蒸发Tolerance n.宽容Tolerant adj.包容的Topsoil n.地表土Token n.筹码，信物，纪念品Thoughtful adj.善于思考的Toil n.辛苦；苦工Toss v.投掷Thrift n.节俭，节约Thrive v.兴旺，繁荣Titillate v.瘙痒；使愉快Time-honored adj.历史悠久的Turbulent adj.骚动的，动乱的UUnderage adj.未成年的，未到法定年龄的Uncaring adj.漠不关心的，冷漠的Uncouth adj.粗俗的Uninformed adj.未充了解情况的，莽撞的Utilize v.利用Utilitarian adj.实际的Utmost adj.极度的，最大的Unwind v.放松，松弛Ultimately adv.最终地Urinal n.小便处；尿壶Upheaval n.剧变VVancouver n.温哥华Vaccination n.接种疫苗Valid adj.合理的；正确的Venture v.冒险Venue n.审判地，犯罪地点Versatile adj.多方面的Vicious adj.恶意的Vedioconference n.视频会议Visionary n.空想家，梦想者Visualize v.想象出Visibly adv.显然地Vigorous adj.强大的Virtual adj.虚拟的V oice n.发言权Vulnerable adj.脆弱的WWary adj.小心谨慎的Warrant v.授权，证明Wasteland n.废墟Weld v.焊接Westernization n.西化Well-adjusted 有教养的Whence adv&conj.从那里Whereas adj.鉴于，而~ Whatsoever adv.任何地Wield v.支配，掌握，拥有Withstand v.抵御，承受Workout n.体育锻炼；测验XYZ。
TOEFL ibt 听力分类学术词汇
暗礁
tide
湖水
torrent
水的急流
tropical rain forest
热带雨林
continental island
大陆岛
volcanic island
火山岛
coral island
珊瑚岛
islet
小岛
peninsular
半岛
archipelago
群岛
delta
三角洲
landlocked area
蓄水层
swamp
沼泽
peat bog
泥炭沼泽
GreatCanyon
大峡谷
NileRiver
尼罗河
Colorado river
科罗拉多河
crumples zones
地质缓冲地带
bedrock
岩床
bulge
凸起物
地理学
hemisphere
半球
meridian
子午线/经线
parallel
平行圈
latitude
fjord
峡湾
coral reef
珊瑚礁
Chalk
白垩纪
cataclysm
大洪水
ridge
山脊；分水岭
abyss
深渊
territory
版图；领土；地域
Pyrenees
比利牛斯山脉
Carpathians
喀尔巴阡山脉
Vesuvius
维苏威火山
Pompeii
庞贝
precipice
悬崖
eon
世；纪；代
glacier
岩浆
quartz
石英
新托福iBT词汇分类突破
1.Basic building materials include: timber, mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, andcement concrete. Masonry walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand. The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that is lightweight andvirtually maintenance free. Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture.✓timber [ ♦♓❍♌☜] n. 木材✓marble [ ❍♌●] n. 大理石✓tile [♦♋♓●] n. 饰面砖，瓷砖✓cement concrete [♦♓❍♏⏹♦] [ ⏹❒♓♦] n. 水泥混凝土✓masonry wall [ ❍♏♓♦☜⏹❒♓] [♦●] n. 砖墙，砖瓦墙✓cohere [ ☜◆♒♓☜] v. 粘合✓mortar [ ❍♦☜] n. 砂浆，灰浆✓lime [●♋♓❍] n. 石灰✓profusion [☐❒☜♐◆✞☜⏹] n. 大量(a profusion of 大量的)✓aluminum [ ●◆❍☜⏹☜❍] n. 铝✓anodized coating[ ✌⏹☜◆♎♋♓♎] [ ☜◆♦♓☠] n. 电镀层，电镀膜(anodize [ ✌⏹☜◆♎♋♓] 阳极氧化: 用电解方式给金属面镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物)✓cladding [ ●✌♎♓☠] n. 覆层: 在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层✓celebrated [ ♦♏●☜♌❒♏♓♦♓♎] adj. 著名的✓Gothic [ ♈♓] adj. 哥特式的✓architecture [ ☜♦♏♦☞☜] n. 建筑，建筑学2.Two basic approaches to spanning over masonry walls are post-and-lintelconstruction and arch, vault, and dome construction.✓span [♦☐✌⏹] v. (桥、拱等)横跨✓post-and-lintel [☐☜◆♦♦✌⏹♎●♓⏹♦●] n. 框架(结构)，抬梁式: 在立柱上架梁, 梁上又抬梁, 在宫殿、庙宇、寺院等大型建筑中普遍采用✓arch [ ♦☞] n. 拱(连柱的)✓vault [ ●♦] n. 拱(不连柱的)✓dome [♎☜◆❍] n. 穹隆(结构): 类似于穹隆或圆屋顶的结构3.The Chicago architect Louis Sullivan’s career converges with the so-calledChicago School of architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the abundance of steel. The building’s skeleton could be erected quickly and the remaining components hung on it to complete it, an immense advantage forhigh-rise buildings on busy city streets.✓architect [ ♓♦♏♦] n. 建筑师✓converge [ ☜⏹☜♎✞] v. 聚合于，集中于一点✓school [♦◆●] n. 学派✓skyscraper [ ♦♋♓♦❒♏♓☐☜] n. 摩天大楼✓facilitate [♐☜♦♓●☜♦♏♓♦] v. 提供便利✓electric elevator [♓●♏♦❒♓] [♏●☜♏♓♦☜] n. 电梯✓abundance [☜♌✈⏹♎☜⏹♦] n. 充裕✓skeleton [ ♦♏●☜♦☜⏹] n. 框架结构，整体框架✓erect [♓❒♏♦] v. 树立，建立✓component [ ☜❍☐☜◆⏹☜⏹♦] n. 零件，构件✓immense [♓❍♏⏹♦] adj. 极大的4.Interior design of apartments and houses, that is, dwellings, usually involves bothpractical and aesthetic decisions. Choices have to be made for almost everyelements, ceilings and lamps, curtains and blinds, corridor and doorway, niches and ledges, grate and ventilations, terraces and staircases, even sewers ordrainers. Sometimes such designs are extended to the façade of the building, & and even to a fountain, or a gardening yard.✓interior design [♓⏹♦♓☜❒♓☜] [♎♓♋♓⏹] n. 室内设计✓dwelling [ ♎♦♏●♓☠] n. 住处，居住空间✓involve [♓⏹●] v. 包括✓aesthetic [♏♦♏♦♓] adj. 美学的✓ceiling [ ♦♓●♓☠] n. 天花板✓curtain [ ☜♦☜⏹] n. 窗帘✓blind [♌●♋♓⏹♎] n. 窗帘: 尤指固定在卷轴上能够拉下来的布质窗帘✓corridor [ ❒☜♎☜] n. 走廊✓doorway [ ♎♦♏✋] n. 门口✓niche [⏹♓♦☞] n. 壁橱✓ledge [●♏♎✞] n. 壁架✓grate [♈❒♏♓♦] n. 壁炉✓ventilation [ ♏⏹♦☜●♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 通风设备✓terrace [ ♦♏❒☜♦] n. 阳台✓staircase [ ♦♦♏☜♏♓♦] n. 楼梯✓sewer [ ♦◆☜] n. 排水沟✓drainer [ ♎❒♏♓⏹☜] n. 下水道装置，滤水器✓façade [♐☜♦♎] n. (建筑物的)外立面(正面)✓fountain [ ♐♋◆⏹♦♓⏹] n. 喷泉✓yard [ ♎] n. 庭院5.The lease is a contract of rent under which one party, called landlord or lessor,grants possession and use of the property for a limited term to the other party, who is called tenant or lessee.✓lease [●♓♦] n. 租约✓rent [❒♏⏹♦] n. 租金✓landlord [ ●✌⏹♎●♎] n. 房东✓lessor [ ●♏♦] n. 出租人✓grant [♈❒⏹♦] v. 授与(权利)，让与(财产)✓possession [☐☜♏☞☜⏹] n. 占有，拥有✓property [ ☐❒☐☜♦♓] n. 财产，所有物✓tenant [ ♦♏⏹☜⏹♦] n. 房客✓lessee [●♏♦♓] n. 承租人6. A big city, or metropolis, is often accompanied by suburbs. Such cities areusually associated with metropolitan areas and urban sprawl, creating largeamounts of business commuters. Once a city sprawls far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis.✓metropolis [❍☜♦❒♋☐☜●♓♦] n. 大城市✓suburb [ ♦✈♌☜♌] n. 城郊(缩写: sub [♦✈♌])✓be associated with [♌♓] [☜♦☜◆☞♓♏♓♦] [♦♓❆] v. 与……相关✓metropolitan [❍♏♦❒☜☐●☜♦☜⏹] adj. 大城市的✓urban [ ☜♌☜⏹] adj. 城市的✓sprawl [♦☐❒●] n. (城市的)无计划扩展✓commuter[ ☜❍◆♦☜] n. 通勤者: 定期从一地到另一地旅行的人, 如从郊区到城市并回来✓deem [♎♓❍] v. 视为✓conurbation [ ♋⏹☜♌♏♓☞☜⏹] n. (连带卫星城镇和市郊的)大都市✓megalopolis [ ❍♓♈☜●♋☐☜●☜♦] n. 特大城市7.Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazardsof wastes, either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents ofdisease, which include human and animal feces, solid wastes, domesticwastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), etc. Hygienic means of prevention can be practiced by using simple technologies (e. g. latrines, septic tanks), or bypersonal hygiene practices.✓sanitation [♦✌⏹☜♦♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 公共卫生✓hygienic [♒♋♓♎✞♓⏹♓] adj. 卫生学的(hygiene [ ♒♋♓♎✞♓⏹] 卫生学)✓microbiological [ ❍♋♓❒☜◆♌♋♓☜●♎✞♓☜●] adj. 微生物学的✓agent [ ♏♓♎✞☜⏹♦] n. 媒介✓feces [ ♐♓♦♓] n. 粪便✓domestic [♎☜❍♏♦♦♓] adj. 家庭的✓sewage [ ♦◆♓♎✞] n. 污水✓sullage [ ♦✈●♓♎✞] n. (房屋、街道等排出的)污物✓greywater [ ♈❒♏♓♦♦☜] n. 生活污水✓latrine [●☜♦❒♓⏹] n. 公共厕所✓septic tank [ ♦♏☐♦♓] [♦✌☠] n. 化粪池✓personal hygiene practice [ ☐☜♦☜⏹●] [ ♒♋♓♎✞♓⏹] [ ☐❒✌♦☜♦] v. 个人卫生习惯8. A public utility (usually just utility) is a company that maintains and provides theinfrastructure for a public service. Although utilities can be privately owned or publicly owned, they often involve natural monopolies.✓public utility [ ☐✈♌●♓] [ ◆♦♓●☜♦♓] n. 公用事业✓infrastructure [ ♓⏹♐❒☜♦♦❒✈♦☞☜] n. 基础设施✓privately owned [ ☐❒♋♓☜♦●♓] [☜◆⏹♎] adj. 私有✓publicly owned [ ☐✈♌●♓●♓] [☜◆⏹♎] adj. 公有✓monopoly [❍☜⏹☐☜●♓] n. 垄断9.The field of transport has several aspects: infrastructure, vehicles, andoperations. Infrastructure includes the transport networks (roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals, pipelines, etc.) that are used, as well as the nodes or terminals (such as airports, railway stations, bus stations and seaports). Vehicles travelling on the networks will include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains and aircraft. The operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated on thenetwork and the procedures set for this purpose including the legal environment (Laws, Codes, Regulations, etc.) Policies, such as how to finance the system (for example, the use of tolls or gasoline taxes) may be considered part of theoperations.✓vehicle [ ♓♓●] n. 交通工具✓operation [ ♋☐☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 运营✓canal [ ☜⏹✌●] n. 运河✓pipeline [ ☐♋♓☐●♋♓⏹] n. 管道，输送管道✓node [⏹☜◆♎] n. 中转站✓terminal [ ♦☜❍♓⏹●] n. 终点站✓seaport [ ♦♓☐♦] n. 港口✓law [●] n. 法律✓code [ ☜◆♎] n. 法规✓regulation [❒♏♈◆●♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 规章制度✓toll [♦☜◆●] n. 通行费✓gasoline [ ♈✌♦☜●♓⏹] n. 汽油10.Rail transport is the conveyance of passengers and goods by means of wheeledvehicles specially designed to run along railways or railroads. Typical railwaytracks consist of two parallel rails, normally made of steel, secured tocrossbeams, termed ties. The ties maintain a constant distance between the two rails; a measurement known as the "gauge" of the track. To maintain thealignment of the track it is either laid on a bed of ballast or else secured to a solid concrete foundation. Rail transport is an energy-efficient andcapital-intensive component of logistics; in contrast, a traditional wagon can carry no more than several tons of freight.✓rail transport [❒♏♓●] [♦❒✌⏹♦☐♦] n. 铁路运输✓conveyance [ ☜⏹♏♓☜⏹♦] n. 运送✓by means of [♌♋♓] [❍♓⏹] [☜] prep. 通过……方式✓consist of [ ☜⏹♦♓♦♦] [☜] v. 由……组成✓secure to [♦♓◆☜] [♦◆] v. 固定在……✓crossbeam [♊❒♦♌♓❍] n. 横梁✓tie [♦♋♓] n. 枕木✓gauge [♈♏♓♎✞] n. 轨距✓alignment [☜●♋♓⏹❍☜⏹♦] n. 直线排列✓ballast [ ♌✌●☜♦♦] n. 道碴✓concrete [ ⏹❒♓♦] n. 混凝土✓energy-efficient [ ♏⏹☜♎✞♓] [♓♐♓☞☜⏹♦] adj. 能源节约的✓capital-intensive [ ✌☐♓♦●♓⏹♦♏⏹♦♓] adj. 资本密集型的✓logistics [●☜◆♎✞♓♦♦♓♦] n. 物流✓wagon [ ♦✌♈☜⏹] n. 四轮马车✓freight [♐❒♏♓♦] n. 货物11.Developments in technology have eroded some of the natural monopoly aspects oftraditional public utilities. For instance, electricity generation, electricityretailing, telecommunication and postal services have become competitive insome countries and the trend towards liberalization, deregulation andprivatization of public utilities is growing, but the network infrastructure used to distribute most utility products and services has remained largelymonopolistic.✓erode [♓❒☜◆♎] v. 侵蚀✓retailing [ ❒♓♦♏♓●♓☠] n. 零售✓postal service [ ☐☜◆♦♦☜●] [ ♦☜☜♦] n. 邮电业✓competitive [ ☜❍☐♏♦☜♦♓] adj. 竞争的✓trend [♦❒♏⏹♎] n. 趋势✓liberalization [ ●♓♌☜❒☜●☜♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 自由化✓deregulation [♎♓❒♏♈◆●♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 撤销(价格, 费用方面的)管制规定✓privatization [ ☐❒♋♓☜♦☜♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 私有化✓infrastructure [ ♓⏹♐❒☜♦♦❒✈♦☞☜] n. 基础设施✓distribute [♎♓♦♦❒♓♌◆♦] v. 分配✓monopolistic [❍☜⏹☐☜♊●♓♦♦♓] adj. 垄断的12.An aspiring master would have to pass through the career chain from apprenticeto journeyman before he could be elected to become a master craftsman. He would then have to produce a sum of money and a masterpiece before he could actually join the guild.✓aspiring [☜♦☐♋♓☜❒♓☠] adj. 有志向的✓master [ ❍♦♦☜] n. 大师✓pass through [☐♦] [ ❒◆] v. 经过✓apprentice [☜☐❒♏⏹♦☜♦] n. 学徒✓journeyman [ ♎✞☜⏹♓❍☜⏹] n. 学徒期满的职工✓masterpiece [ ❍♦♦☜☐♓♦] n. 杰作✓actually [ ✌♦☞◆☜●♓] adv. 实际上✓guild [♈♓●♎] n. (中世纪的)行会13.A craftsperson who perhaps has at first sold craft items only to friends or atlocal bazaars may find that increased demand leads to a wider clientele and sales by mail order, at crafts fairs, or through a shop.✓craft [ ❒♐♦] adj. 手工制作的✓bazaar [♌☜] n. 集市✓clientele [ ●♋♓☜⏹♦♏●] n. 顾客✓fair [♐♏☜] n. 市集14.There is a fine line of distinction between crafts produced by amateur hobbyistsfor their personal satisfaction and those made by gifted artisans with a view toward the use and enjoyment of others.✓fine [♐♋♓⏹] adj. (区别)微小的，细微的✓distinction [♎♓♦♦♓☠☞☜⏹] n. 区别✓amateur hobbyist [ ✌❍☜♦☜] [ ♒♋♌♓♓♦♦] n. 业余爱好者✓artisan [ ❒♦♓⏹] n. 工匠15.Fabric weaving involves interlacing warp and weft. The yarn threads of warp arearranged parallel to one another and held in tension on a loom, while the single thread wefts pass over or under the warp threads to create a solid or patterned piece of clothes. To create larger pieces, a treadle loom is usually needed.✓fabric weaving [ ♐✌♌❒♓] [ ♦♓♓☠] n. 纺织编织✓involve [♓⏹●] v. 包括✓interlace [ ♓⏹♦☜●♏♓♦] v. 使交织✓warp [♦☐] n. 织物上纵的方向的纱或线✓weft [♦♏♐♦] n. 织物上横的方向的纱或线✓yarn threads [ ⏹] [ ❒♏♎] n. 纺线丝✓parallel [ ☐✌❒☜●♏●] adj. 平行的✓tension [ ♦♏⏹☞☜⏹] n. 绷紧状态✓loom [●◆❍] n. 织布机✓solid [ ♦●♓♎] adj. 结实的✓treadle loom [ ♦❒♏♎●] [●◆❍] n. 脚踏织布机16.Basketry is the craft of making baskets and bags, mats, rugs, and other itemsthrough weaving, plaiting, and coiling techniques, using materials such as reed, cane, rush, sisal fiber, ash-wood splints, and ropes twisted from strands of hemp.✓basketry [ ♌♦☜♦❒♓] n. 编篮工艺✓mat [❍✌♦] n. 垫子✓rug [❒✈♈] n. 地毯✓plait [☐●✌♦] v. 打褶✓coil [ ♓●] v. 缠绕✓reed [❒♓♎] n. 芦苇✓cane [ ♏♓⏹] n. 藤条✓rush [❒✈☞] n. 灯心草✓sisal [ ♦♋♓♦☜●] n. 波罗麻: 一种分布在墨西哥和中美洲的植物✓fiber [ ♐♋♓♌☜] n. 纤维✓ash-wood [✌☞♦◆♎] adj. 梣木的✓splint [♦☐●♓⏹♦] n. 薄木条✓twist [♦♦♓♦♦] v. 捻✓strand [♦♦❒✌⏹♎] n. 股✓hemp [♒♏❍☐] n. 大麻纤维17.In ornamental knotting, cotton, linen, or jute cord is used to make bags, wallhangings, and containers.✓ornamental [ ⏹☜❍♏⏹♦●] adj. 装饰性的✓knotting [ ⏹♦♓☠] n. 结形花边，流苏✓cotton [ ♋♦⏹] n. 棉布✓linen [ ●♓⏹☜⏹] n. 亚麻布✓jute cord [♎✞◆♦] [ ♎] n. 黄麻绳✓wall hanging [♦●] [ ♒✌☠♓☠] n. 壁毯18.In quilting, three layers of fabric (a decorative top layer, filler, and a liner) arestitched or tied together.✓quilt [ ♦♓●♦] v. 缝被子✓quilting [ ♦♓●♦♓☠] n. 被子面料✓layer [ ●♏♓☜] n. 层✓decorative [ ♎♏☜❒☜♦♓] adj. 装饰性的✓filler [ ♐♓●☜] n. 填充物✓liner [ ●♋♓⏹☜] n. 衬里✓stitch [♦♦♓♦☞] v. 缝合19.Many useful objects can be fashioned from leather, using such special tools asleather shears, punches for carving thick leather, thonging chisels, and lacing needles.✓fashion [ ♐✌☞☜⏹] v. 制造✓leather [ ●♏❆☜] n. 皮革✓shear [☞♓☜] n. 剪刀✓punch [☐✈⏹♦☞] n. 打孔器✓carve [ ] v. 切割✓thong [ ☠] v. 给……装上皮带子✓chisel [ ♦☞♓●] n. 凿子✓lace [●♏♓♦] v. 穿线✓needle [ ⏹♓♎●] n. 针20.Ceramic objects can be molded completely by hand or thrown on a potter’s wheel.When the clay hardens, it is fired in a high-temperature oven, or kiln, tostrengthen it. To make the object waterproof, glazes may then be applied and the piece fired again.✓ceramic [♦☜❒✌❍♓] adj. 陶器的✓mold [❍☜◆●♎] v. 塑造✓throw [ ❒☜◆] v. 在陶轮上形成✓potter's wheel [ ☐♦☜♦] [♦♓●] n. 陶轮✓clay [ ●♏♓] n. 粘土✓oven [ ✈☜⏹] n. 烤炉✓kiln [ ♓●⏹] n. 窑✓waterproof [ ♦♦☜☐❒◆♐] adj. 防水的✓glaze [♈●♏♓] n. 釉料21.Such basic woodworking techniques as sawing, joining, and finishing can beemployed to make a wide variety of useful and ornamental objects, from jewelry boxes to picture frames.✓woodworking [ ♦◆♎♦☜♓☠] adj. 木工的✓sawing [ ♦♓☠] n. 锯✓joining [ ♎✞♓⏹♓☠] n. 拼接✓finishing [ ♐♓⏹♓☞♓☠] n. 抛光✓ornamental [ ⏹☜❍♏⏹♦●] adj. 装饰性的✓picture frame [ ☐♓♦☞☜] [♐❒♏♓❍] n. 相框22.Carpenter tools include saws, planes, flat-edged chisels, semicircular gouge,boring tools such as brace, drills, and measuring tools such as steel rules,C-clamp, squares and trisquare, etc.✓carpenter [ ☐♓⏹♦☜] n. 木匠✓saw [♦] n. 锯✓plane [☐●♏♓⏹] n. 刨✓chisel [ ♦☞♓●] n. 凿子✓gouge [♈♋◆♎✞] n. 半圆凿✓boring [ ♌❒♓☠] n. 钻(孔)✓brace [♌❒♏♓♦] n. 手摇曲柄钻✓drill [♎❒♓●] n. 钻孔机✓C-clamp [♦♓●✌❍☐] n. C型夹✓square [♦♦♏☜] n. 直角尺✓trisquare [ ♦❒♋♓♦♦♏☜] n. 曲尺23.The tenon, a rectangular or square projection from the end of one member, fitssnugly into the mortise cut in the second member, thus joining the twoperpendicularly.✓tenon [ ♦♏⏹☜⏹] n. 榫✓projection [☐❒☜♎✞♏☞☜⏹] n. 凸出物✓snugly [ ♦⏹✈♈●♓] adv. 紧紧地✓mortise [ ❍♦☜♦] n. 榫眼✓perpendicularly [ ☐☜☐☜⏹♎♓◆●☜●♓] adv. 垂直地24.Finishes serve to protect and preserve the wood and to bring out the beauty ofthe grain. Pieces are finished with rasps, files, and sandpaper. Common finishes include waxes, oils, bleaches, fillers, stains, shellac, varnish, lacquer, sealers, and paints, including enamels.✓bring out [♌❒♓☠] [♋◆♦] v. 显示出✓grain [♈❒♏♓⏹] n. 纹理图案✓rasp [❒♦☐] n. 粗锉: 一种有锋利凸起的钝锉✓file [♐♋♓●] n. 锉刀✓sandpaper [ ♦✌⏹♎☐♏♓☐☜] n. 沙纸✓wax [♦✌♦] n. 石蜡✓bleach [♌●♓♦☞] n. 漂白✓filler [ ♐♓●☜] n. 填料: 用于在完工前将木头、塑料或其它建筑表面填入孔、裂缝或洞✓stain [♦♦♏♓⏹] n. 着色剂: 能够渗透表层并着深色的一种液体物质, 尤用于木头上✓shellac [☞☜●✌] n. 虫胶清漆: 用于涂饰木料的物质✓varnish [ ⏹☜☞] n. 清漆: 用于把表面涂成坚硬的物质, 有光泽的透明的膜✓lacquer [ ●✌☜] n. 天然漆: 一种用作表面涂层的光滑的树脂般的物质✓sealer [ ♦♓●☜] n. (油漆)封底层: 一种密封物质, 比如用来给平面上胶的油漆或清漆的底层✓paint [☐♏♓⏹♦] n. 油漆✓enamel [♓⏹✌❍☜●] n. 瓷漆: 一种玻璃似的, 烧制在金属、玻璃或瓷器上通常不透明的、保护性或装饰性的覆盖层25.Paints are formed by mixing a pigment and a binder, a fluid vehicle, such aslinseed oil, that solidifies when exposed to air. A varnish is a transparent solution that solidifies into a protective coating. Opaque and colored varnishes are called lacquers.✓pigment [ ☐♓♈❍☜⏹♦] n. 色素✓binder [ ♌●♋♓⏹♎☜] n. 粘合剂✓vehicle [ ♓♓●] n. 调漆料: 与油漆混合在一起以供使用的一种物质, 如润滑油等✓linseed oil [ ●♓⏹♦♓♎] [ ♓●] n. 亚麻油✓solidify [♦☜●♓♎♓♐♋♓] v. (使)凝固✓expose [♓♦☐☜◆] v. 暴露✓transparent [♦❒✌⏹♦☐♏☜❒☜⏹♦] adj. 透明的✓solution [♦☜●◆☞☜⏹] n. 溶液✓coating [ ☜◆♦♓☠] n. 涂层✓opaque [☜◆☐♏♓] adj. 不透明的26.Cookery involves a diverse array of cuisines. Food may be immersed in liquidssuch as water, stock, or wine (boiling, poaching, stewing); immersed in fat or oil (frying); exposed to vapor (steaming and, to some extent, braising); exposed to dry heat (roasting, baking, broiling); and subjected to contact with hot fats (sauting).✓cookery [ ◆☜❒♓] n. 烹饪✓diverse [♎♋♓☜♦] adj. 不同的✓cuisine [ ♦♓♓⏹] n. 烹饪法✓immerse [♓❍☜♦] v. 浸没✓stock [♦♦] n. 浓汤✓wine [♦♋♓⏹] n. 酒✓boil [♌♓●] v. 煮✓poach [☐☜◆♦☞] v. 水煮✓stew [♦♦◆] v. 炖: 用小火烧或慢慢地煮沸来烹饪食物✓fat [♐✌♦] n. 油脂✓fry [♐❒♋♓] v. 油炸✓vapor [ ♏♓☐☜] n. 蒸汽✓steam [♦♦♓❍] v. 蒸✓braise [♌❒♏♓] v. 炖: 先用油炒, 然后在有盖容器中炖✓dry heat [♎❒♋♓] [♒♓♦] n. 干热✓roast [❒☜◆♦♦] v. 烘烤✓bake [♌♏♓] v. 烘焙✓broil [♌❒♓●] v. 烤✓subject to [ ♦✈♌♎✞♓♦] [♦◆] v. 使经受✓contact [ ⏹♦✌♦] n. 关联✓saute [♦♦♏♓] v. 炒27.Essential modern kitchen equipment includes the following: a stove, or range;sink; work surface; various knives, pots and pans; such utensils as spatulas,whisks, specialized spoons, and rolling pins; a more highly specialized array of gear for producing pastries and other baked goods; and more recentsophisticated equipment such as blenders, food processors, and microwave ovens.✓kitchen [ ♓♦☞♓⏹] n. 厨房✓stove [♦♦☜◆] n. 炉子✓range [❒♏♓⏹♎✞] n. 火炉✓sink [♦♓☠] n. 水槽✓work surface [♦☜] [ ♦☜♐☜♦] n. 工作台✓knife [⏹♋♓♐] n. 刀子✓pot [☐♦] n. 锅✓pan [☐✌⏹] n. 平底锅✓utensil [ ◆♦♏⏹♦●] n. 器具✓spatula [ ♦☐✌♦☞☜●☜] n. (调拌用的)刮铲✓whisk [♦♓♦] n. 搅拌器✓spoon [♦☐◆⏹] n. 匙✓rolling pin [ ❒☜◆●♓☠] [☐♓⏹] n. 擀面杖✓gear [♈♓☜] n. 设备✓pastry [ ☐♏♓♦♦❒♓] n. 点心✓sophisticated [♦☜♐♓♦♦♓♏♓♦♓♎] adj. 复杂精巧的✓blender [ ♌●♏⏹♎☜] n. 搅拌器✓microwave oven [ ❍♋♓❒☜◆♦♏♓] [ ✈☜⏹] n. 微波炉28.In ancient times mosaics were a form of floor decoration made of small pebblesand later of cut or shaped pieces of marble, hard stone, glass, terra-cotta,mother-of-pearl, and enamels. The shaped pieces, in the form of small cubes, are called tesserae. The tesserae are embedded in plaster, cement, or putty to hold them in place.✓mosaic [❍☜◆♏♓♓] n. 镶嵌工艺✓pebble [ ☐♏♌●] n. 鹅卵石✓marble [ ❍♌●] n. 大理石✓terra-cotta [♊♦♏❒☜♋♦☜] n. 赤陶✓mother-of-pearl [ ❍✈❆☜❒☜☐☜●] n. 珍珠母✓enamel [♓⏹✌❍☜●] n. 瓷漆: 一种玻璃似的, 烧制在金属、玻璃或瓷器上通常不透明的保护性或装饰性的覆盖层✓cube [ ◆♌] n. 立方体✓tessera [ ♦♏♦☜❒☜] n. 镶嵌物✓embed [♓❍♌♏♎] v. 镶嵌✓plaster [ ☐●♦♦☜] n. 石膏✓cement [♦♓❍♏⏹♦] n. 水泥✓putty [ ☐✈♦♓] n. 油灰✓in place [♓⏹] [☐●♏♓♦] adv. 在适当的位置29.Molten glass was tinted in a wide range of colors with metal oxides and thenpoured on a flat surface such as a marble slab to form a disk of colored glass;this was scored with a sharp tool and broken into strips and cubes.✓molten [ ❍☜◆●♦☜⏹] adj. 熔化的✓tint [♦♓⏹♦] v. 给……着色✓ a wide range of [☜] [♦♋♓♎] [❒♏♓⏹♎✞] [☜] adj. 广泛的✓metal oxide [ ❍♏♦●] [ ♦♋♓♎] n. 金属氧化物✓pour on [☐❒] [ ⏹] v. 把……倾泻在……上✓flat [♐●✌♦] adj. 扁平的✓marble slab [ ❍♌●] [♦●✌♌] n. 大理石板✓score [♦] v. 刻痕✓strip [♦♦❒♓☐] n. 条✓cube [ ◆♌] n. 立方体30.Portraits can be executed in any medium, including sculpted stone and wood, oil,painted ivory, pastel, encaustic on wood panel, tempera on parchment, carved cameo, and hammered or poured metal.✓portrait [ ☐♦❒♓♦] n. 肖像✓sculpt [♦✈●☐♦] v. 雕刻✓ivory [ ♋♓☜❒♓] n. 象牙✓pastel [☐✌♦♦♏●] n. 彩色蜡笔画✓encaustic [♓⏹♦♦♓] n. 蜡画✓tempera [ ♦♏❍☐☜❒☜] n. 蛋彩画✓parchment [ ☐♦☞❍☜⏹♦] n. 羊皮纸✓cameo [ ✌❍♓☜◆] n. 浮雕✓hammer [ ♒✌❍☜] v. 锤打✓pour [☐❒] v. 浇注31.Sculpture (from Latin, "to carve"), three-dimensional art concerned with theorganization of masses and volumes. The two principal types have traditionally been freestanding sculpture in the round and relief sculpture.✓sculpture [ ♦✈●☐♦☞☜] n. 雕刻✓mass [❍✌♦] n. 质量✓volume [ ●☜❍] n. 体积✓principal [ ☐❒♓⏹♦☜☐☜●] adj. 主要的✓freestanding [ ♐❒♓♦♦✌⏹♎♓☠] adj. (雕刻、建筑物等)独立的，自力撑持的✓in the round [♓⏹] [❆☜] [❒♋◆⏹♎] adj. 雕刻成立体的，栩栩如生的，表现无余的✓relief [❒♓●♓♐] n. 浮雕32.Casting is accomplished in two stages: &(1) an impression or negative mold isformed from the original — a clay model, for instance — and &(2) a positive cast or reproduction is made of the original work from the negative impression.✓casting [ ♦♦♓☠] n. 铸造✓impression [♓❍☐❒♏☞☜⏹] n. 印痕✓negative mold [ ⏹♏♑☜♦♓] [ ♦♦] n. 凹模✓clay [ ●♏♓] n. 黏土，泥土✓positive cast [ ☐♓♦♓] [ ♦♦] n. 正像✓reproduction [ ❒♓☐❒☜♎✈☞☜⏹] n. 复制品33.Pitch depends upon the rate of vibration, or frequency, of sound waves thatproduce a particular tone. Most Western music was based on 12 equivalentintervals per octave; however, a great deal of Western folk music conforms to pentatonic scale, the best-known form of which contains no half steps.✓pitch [☐♓♦☞] n. 音高✓vibration [ ♋♓♌❒♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 振动✓frequency [ ♐❒♓♦☜⏹♦♓] n. 频率✓tone [♦☜◆⏹] n. 音调✓equivalent interval [♓♦♓☜●☜⏹♦] [ ♓⏹♦☜☜●] n. 等间隔的音程✓octave [ ♦♏♓] n. 八度音程(音阶)✓folk [♐☜◆] adj. 民间的✓conform [ ☜⏹♐❍] v. (+to/with)遵照，依照✓pentatonic [ ☐♏⏹♦☜♦⏹♓] adj. 五声音阶的✓scale [♦♏♓●] n. 音阶✓step [♦♦♏☐] n. 音级✓relief [❒♓●♓♐] n. 浮雕34.Rhythm is the way music uses time, which includes characteristics such asduration of tones and silences, and patterns of duration.✓rhythm [ ❒♓❆☜❍] n. 节奏✓characteristic [ ✌❒♓♦☜❒♓♦♦♓] n. 特性✓duration [♎◆☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 持续时间35.The most important and style-defining patterns are formed by pitches thatoverlap with one another in time, producing a chord, or harmony. Two or more tones heard simultaneously may belong to separate melodies that fit welltogether, but which occupy different octave registers, have distinct rhythmic patterns, or otherwise have different shapes or contours.✓style-defining [♦♦♋♓●♎♓♐♋♓⏹♓☠] adj. 定义完整的，仔细定义过的✓overlap [ ☜◆☜●✌☐] v. 与……重叠✓chord [ ♎] n. 和弦✓harmony [ ♒❍☜⏹♓] n. 和声✓simultaneously [♦♋♓❍☜●♦♏♓⏹♓☜♦●⍓] adv. 同时地✓melody [ ❍♏●☜♎♓] n. 曲调✓occupy [ ♋◆☐♋♓] v. 占用，填满✓register [ ❒♏♎✞☜♦♦☜] n. 音域✓distinct [♎♓♦♦♓☠♦] adj. 截然不同的✓rhythmic patterns [ ❒♓❆❍♓] [ ☐✌♦☜⏹] n. 有节奏的模式✓contour [ ♋⏹♦◆❒] n. (音调或声调的)升降曲线，变化方式36.Score, musical notation for a multipart composition, in which the music to beperformed by each voice or instrument is written with clefs on a separate staff, all the staves being aligned one above another.✓score [♦] n. 乐谱✓notation [⏹☜◆♦♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 谱号(musical notation 音乐记谱法)✓composition [ˌ ❍☐☜♓☞☜⏹] n. 乐曲✓perform [☐☜♐❍] v. 演奏✓instrument [ ♓⏹♦♦❒◆❍☜⏹♦] n. 乐器✓clef [ ●♏♐] n. 谱号✓staff [♦♦♐] n. 五线谱✓align [☜●♋♓⏹] v. 排列37.Orchestra, ensemble of musical instruments, in the narrowest sense, thecharacteristic ensemble of Western music, having as its core a group ofbowed-string instruments of the violin family, augmented by woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments.✓orchestra [ ☜♦♦❒☜] n. 管弦乐✓ensemble [♋⏹♦❍♌●] n. 合奏✓musical instruments [ ❍◆♓☜●] [ ♓⏹♦♦❒◆❍☜⏹♦] n. 乐器✓core [ ] n. 中心✓bowed-string [♌♋◆♎♦♦❒♓☠] adj. 演奏弦乐的✓violin [ ♋♓☜●♓⏹] n. 小提琴✓augment [ ♈❍♏⏹♦] v. 增补，扩充✓woodwind [ ♦◆♎♦♓⏹♎] n. 木管乐器✓brass [♌❒♦] n. 铜管乐器✓percussion [☐☜✈☞☜⏹] n. 打击乐器38.Percussion instruments are referred to as membranophones if they producesound through the vibrations of a stretched skin or other membrane. They are called idiophones if they produce sound through their natural resonance when struck, rubbed, plucked, or shaken. Drums are membranophones; hollowed logs, bells, gongs, xylophones, and pianos are examples of idiophones.✓membranophone [❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹☜♐☜◆⏹] n. 膜鸣乐器✓stretched [♦♦❒♏♦☞♎] adj. 有弹性的✓membrane [ ❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹] n. 膜✓idiophone [ ♓♎♓☜◆♐☜◆⏹] n. 体鸣乐器✓resonance [ ❒♏☜⏹☜⏹♦] n. 共振✓strike [♦♦❒♋♓] v. 敲击✓rub [❒✈♌] v. 摩擦✓pluck [☐●✈] v. 拨(弦)✓shake [☞♏♓] v. 摇晃✓drum [♎❒✈❍] n. 鼓✓hollowed log [ ♒♋●☜◆♎] [●♈] n. 中空的原木✓bell [♌♏●] n. 铃，钟，钟琴✓gong [♈☠] n. 锣✓xylophone [ ♋♓●☜♐☜◆⏹] n. 木琴✓piano [☐♓⏹☜◆] n. 钢琴39.Wind instruments, or aerophones, produce sound by vibration, which may beproduced by performers’ lips (brass), a column of air split across a sharp edge (flutes, pipes, whistles), or by one or two reeds, as with instruments such as the clarinet, saxophone, oboe, bassoon.✓wind instrument [♦♓⏹♎] [ ♓⏹♦♦❒◆❍☜⏹♦] n. 管乐器✓aerophone [ ♏☜❒☜♐☜◆⏹] n. 管乐器✓column [ ●☜❍] n. 柱✓split [♦☐●♓♦] n. 裂缝✓edge [♏♎✞] n. 边缘✓flute [♐●◆♦] n. 长笛，横笛✓pipe [☐♋♓☐] n. 风笛✓whistle [♦♓♦●] n. 口哨✓reed [❒♓♎] n. 簧片✓clarinet [ ●✌❒☜⏹♏♦] n. 单簧管，黑管✓saxophone [ ♦✌♦☜♐☜◆⏹] n. 萨克斯管✓oboe [ ☜◆♌☜◆] n. 双簧管✓bassoon [♌☜♦◆⏹] n. 大管，巴松40.The string, or chordophone, family has several branches. In one branch, whichincludes the zither, dulcimer, strings are stretched across a flat body. In asecond branch, each instrument has a neck, for example the lute, guitar, or violin.A third branch includes plucked instruments with multiple strings, such as thelyre or the harp, where each string produces only one pitch.✓string [♦♦❒♓☠] n. 琴弦✓chordophone [ ♎☜◆♐☜◆⏹] n. 弦乐器✓zither [ ♓❆☜] n. 齐特琴: 与中国的“筝”相似✓dulcimer [ ♎✈●♦♓❍☜] n. 洋琴✓neck [⏹♏] n. 琴颈✓lute [●◆♦] n. 琉特琴✓guitar [♈♓♦] n. 吉他✓violin [ ♋♓☜●♓⏹] n. 小提琴✓lyre [ ●♋♓☜] n. 里拉，(古希腊的)七弦竖琴: 古希腊的一种弦乐器✓harp [♒❒☐] n. 竖琴41.The modern pianoforte has six major parts: & (1) The frame is usually made ofiron. At the rear end is attached the string plate, into which the strings are fastened. In the front is the wrest plank, into which the tuning pins are set. Around these is wound the other end of the strings, and by turning these pins the tension of the strings is regulated. & (2) The soundboard, a thin piece offine-grained spruce placed under the strings, reinforces the tone by means of sympathetic vibration. & (3) The strings, made of steel wire, increase in length and thickness from the treble to the bass. The higher pitches are each given two or three strings tuned alike. The lower ones are single strings made heavier by being overspun – that is, wound around with a coil of thin copper wire. & (4) The action is the entire mechanism required for propelling the hammers (wrapped with felt) against the strings. The most visible part of the action is the keyboard, a row of keys manipulated by the fingers. The keys corresponding to the natural tones are made of ivory or plastic; those corresponding to the chromatically altered tones, of ebony or plastic. & (5) The pedals are levers pressed down by the feet. The damper, or loud pedal, raises all the dampers so that all the strings struck continue to vibrate even after the keys are released. The use of these pedals can produce subtle changes in tone quality. & (6) According to the shape of the case, pianos are classified as grand, square, and upright. Grand pianos are built in various sizes, from the full concert grand, 2.69 m long, to the parlor or baby grand, less than 1.8 m long.✓pianoforte [☐♓✌⏹☜◆♐♦♏♓] n. 钢琴✓frame [♐❒♏♓❍] n. 骨架✓rear [❒♓☜] adj. 后面的✓attach [☜♦✌♦☞] v. 附加✓fasten [ ♐✌♦⏹] v. 使固定，加固✓plank [☐●✌☠] n. 支架(wrest plank (校准弦音的)扭钥架)✓tuning pin [ ♦◆⏹♓☠] [☐♓⏹] n. 调音弦轴✓wind [♦♓⏹♎] v. 绕，缠✓tension [ ♦♏⏹☞☜⏹] n. 压力，张力✓regulate [ ❒♏♈◆●♏♓♦] v. 调节，校准✓fine-grained [ ♐♋♓⏹♈❒♏♓⏹♎] adj. 纹理细腻平整的✓spruce [♦☐❒◆♦] n. 云杉质木材✓reinforce [ ❒♓♓⏹♐♦] v. 加强✓sympathetic vibration [ ♦♓❍☐☜♏♦♓] [ ♋♓♌❒♏♓☞☜⏹] n. 共振✓treble [ ♦❒♏♌●] n. 高音部分✓bass [♌♏♓♦] n. 低音部分✓pitch [☐♓♦☞] n. 音高✓overspin wire [ ☜◆☜♦☐♓⏹] [ ♦♋♓☜] n. 缠弦✓coil [ ♓●] n. 一卷✓action [ ✌☞☜⏹] n. 机械装置✓mechanism [ ❍♏☜⏹♓☜❍] n. 机械装置✓propel [☐❒☜☐♏●] v. 推动✓hammer [ ♒✌❍☜] n. 音锤✓felt [♐♏●♦] n. 毡制品✓manipulate [❍☜⏹♓☐◆●♏♓♦] v. (熟练地)操作、使用(机器等)。
IBT(新托福)学科分类词汇(☆路西法の王版)
此版非WY说的800词版。
主要是没有看到WY那版是什么样子的。
但是这是官方指定的IBT(新托福)学科分类词汇，应该800<此版<1400。
基本词汇，全当客官茶余饭后之谈资。
所以此版命名为☆路西法の王版^~^地理GEOGRAPHY•geography 地理•geographer 地理学家•hemisphere 半球•meridian 子午线，经线•parallel 平行圈，纬线•latitude 纬度•longitude 经度•elevation 海拔•altitude 高度•horizon 地平线•equator 赤道•Arctic 北极•Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极•expedition 探险•navigation 航海•topography 地形，地形学•continent 大陆•continental shelf 大陆架•continental drift 大陆漂移说•plain 平原•plateau (highland) 高地•lowland 低地•basin 盆地•cavern (cave) 洞穴•oasis （沙漠）绿洲•cleft (flaw) 裂缝•crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝•summit 山顶•range （山）脉•valley 峡谷•gorge 峡谷•canyon 峡谷•channel (strait) 海峡•marine （maritime; oceanic）海的•tide 潮汐ebb (away) 退潮•sea-floor spreading海床扩展•ocean bottom 海床•coastland 沿海地区•contour 轮廓；海岸线•continental island大陆岛•volcanic island 火山岛•coral island 珊瑚岛•insular 海岛的•islet 小岛•peninsular 半岛•ledge 暗礁•remote-sensing 遥感的•terrain 地域•terrestrial 地球的，陆地的•terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热•terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 •subterranean( underground) 地底下•evaporation 蒸发•salinity 含盐度•sediment 沉淀物，沉积物•tropics 热带地区•tropical 热带的•temperate 温带的•temperate latitudes 温带地区•frigid 寒带的•frost heaving 冻胀现象地质•geology 地质学•geologist 地质学家•crust 地壳•mantle 地幔•core 地核•continental crust 大陆地壳•oceanic crust 海洋地壳•layer (stratum,复strata) 地层•plate 板块•fault 断层•fault plane 断层面•fault zone 断层带•rift (crack; split) 断裂•fossil 化石•petrify 石化，硬化•igneous rock 火成岩 •sedimentary rock 沉积岩 •metamorphic rock 变质岩•quartz 石英•limestone 石灰岩•marble 大理石•granite 花岗岩•lithogenous 岩成的•lithosphere 岩石圈•mineral 矿物•ore 矿石•deposit 矿床•platinum 白金，铂•silver 银•copper 黄铜•aluminum 铝•tin 锡•lead 铅•zinc 锌•nickel 镍•mercury 汞，水银•sodium 钠•fieldstone 卵石•gem 宝石•diamond 钻石•emerald 绿宝石•ruby 红宝石•crystal 水晶•glacier 冰川•glacial 冰川的•glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期 •glacial drift 冰渍•iceberg 冰山•volcano 火山•active volcano 活火山•extinct volcano 死火山•dormant volcano 休眠火山 •eruption 火山喷发•crater 火山口•lava (magma) 火山岩浆•magma 岩浆•volcanic 火山的•volcanic dust火山尘•volcanic ash火山灰•earthquake ( quake; tremor;•seism) 地震•seismic 地震的•seismology 地震学•magnitude 震级•seismic wave地震波•cataclysm 灾变天文•ASTRONOMY 天文学•astronomy 天文学•astronomical 天文的 巨大的•astronomical observatory天文台•astronomer 天文学家•astrophysics 天文物理学•astrology 占星学•pseudoscience 伪科学•infinite 无限的•vacuum 真空•cosmos(universe) 宇宙•cosmology 宇宙学•cosmic（universal） 宇宙的•cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射•radiation 辐射•emission 发射，散发•cosmic rays 宇宙射线•infrared ray 红外线•celestial 天的 天体的•celestial body(heavenly body)天体 •celestial map/sky atlas天体图•celestial sphere 天球•space 空间•planeroid 位面•constellation 星座•cluster 星团•nebula 星云•galaxy星系，银河•intergalactic 星系间的•Milky Way 银河系•dwarf (dwarf star) 白矮星•quasar 类星体，类星射电源•star 恒星•stellar 恒星的•interstellar 恒星间的•solar system太阳系•solar radiation太阳辐射•solar corona日冕 •chromosphere 色球•photosphere 光球•convection zone对流层•radiative zone辐射层 •thermonuclear energy core•solar eclipse日食•planet 行星•planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 •interplanetary 行星间的 •satellite 卫星•lunar 月球的•meteor 流星•meteor shower流星雨•meteoroid 流星体•meteorite 陨石•chondrite 球粒状陨石•comet 彗星•revolve 旋转，绕转•spin 旋转•orbit 轨道•twinkle 闪烁•naked eye肉眼•Mercury 水星•Venus 金星•Earth 地球•Mars 火星•Jupiter 木星•Saturn 土星•Uranus 天王星•Neptune 海王星•Pluto 冥王星•space (outer space) 太空，外层空间 •spacecraft spaceship宇宙飞船 •spaceman/astronaut宇航员，航天员•space suit宇航服，航天服•space shuttle航天飞机•space telescope空间望远镜 •astronaut 宇航员•space debris太空垃圾•ammonia 氨•absolute magnitude绝对量级•high-resolution 高清晰度•interferometer 干扰仪气象•Meteorology 气象•meteorology 气象•meteorologist 气象学家•forecast (predict) 预报•barometer/indicator气压计•climate 气候•balmy（moderate） 温和的•tepid（lukewarm） 微温的•chilly 寒冷的•frigid 严寒的•serene 晴朗的•atmosphere 大气层•troposphere 对流层•current （气）流•vapor 蒸汽•evaporate 蒸发•damp (wet;dank;moist;humid) 潮湿的 •humidity 湿度•moisture 潮湿；水分•saturate 饱和•dew 露•frost 霜•fog (mist) 雾•smog 烟雾•droplet 小水珠•condense 浓缩•crystal 水晶体 结晶状的•downpour/torrential rain大雨•tempest (storm) 暴风雨•drizzle 细雨•shower 阵雨•hail 冰雹•blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪•avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩•precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水 •breeze 微风•blast/gust 一阵•gale 大风•whirlwind 旋风•typhoon 台风•hurricane 飓风•tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风•funnel 漏斗，漏斗云•disaster calamity, catastrophe 灾难•devastation 破坏•submerge 淹没•drought 旱灾•arid 干旱的化学•chemistry 化学•biochemistry 生化•chemical property化学特性，化学性质•chemical composition( makeup ) 化学成分 •constitute 构成 组成•constituent/component 成分•chemical agent化学试剂•chemical reaction化学反应•chemical change化学变化•chemical bond化学键•chemical apparatus化学器械•substance (matter; material) 物质•element 元素•periodic table周期表•ammonia 氨 氨水•hydrogen 氢•oxygen 氧•nitrogen 氮•helium 氦•carbon 碳•calcium 钙•silicon 硅•silica 硅土•sulfur 硫•iodine 碘•blend 混合•neutralize 中和•combination 化合 组合•compound 化合物•hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydronic液体循环加热/冷却•derivative 衍生物•alchemy 炼金术•petroleum (oil) 石油•petroleum products石油产品•crude oil原油•refine 提炼，精炼•impurity 杂质•gasoline 汽油•methane 甲烷•disintegration(decomposition)分解•erosion 腐蚀•hackneyed 陈腐的•caustic 腐蚀性的•corrode 腐蚀•stale 陈腐的•rust 生锈•solution 溶液•dissolve 溶解•solvent 溶剂•solubility 可溶性•cohesive 聚合力•cohesion 附着力•adhesive 粘合力•molecule 分子•atom 原子•nuclear 原子的•nucleus 原子核•electron 电子•neutron 中子•proton 质子•molecule 分子•ion 离子•particle 粒子•particle accelerator粒子加速器 •explosive 爆炸的；炸药•explode （使）爆炸•blast 爆破•kindle（ignite） 燃起•sear 烧灼•intermediary 媒介物•catalysis(复catalyses）催化作用•catalyst 催化剂•artificial 人造的•synthetic 合成的•synthetic fiber人造纤维•plastic 塑料•polymer 聚合物•polymerization 聚合作用•dye （pigment）染料 染色•tint 上色•scorch 使褪色•bleach 漂白•cosmetics 化妆品物理PHYSICS 物理学•physics 物理•mechanics 力学•thermodynamics 热力学•acoustics 声学•electromagnetism 电磁学•optics 光学•dynamics 动力学•statics 静力学•relativity 相对性 相关性 相对论 •dimension 尺度 维•boundary 边界•brim/edge/rim/brink 边缘•force 力•pressure 压力•impetus 推动力•velocity 速度•expedite 加速•acceleration 加速度•accelerate 加速•decelerate 减速•horizontal 水平•declivity 下倾的斜面•precipitate 向下投掷•motion 运动•inertia 惯性•gravity 地心引力 •gravitation 引力 引力作用 •relativity 相对 •friction 摩擦•attrition 磨损•chafe/scrape 擦热 •equilibrium 平衡 •equilibrium 平衡状态 •temperature 温度 •thermometer 温度计 •centigrade 摄氏的 •fusion 溶合•thaw （使）溶化 融解 •sublimate 使升华 •distillation 蒸馏•colt （使）凝块•foam 泡沫•density 密度•liquid 液体•dilute 稀释 冲淡 •dehydrate （使）脱水 •evaporate 蒸发 •evaporation 蒸发作用 •ventilation 通风 •release 释放 •discharge 释放•diffuse 传播 扩散•emit/eject 发出 放射 •radiate 射出•transpire 发散 排出 •medium (media) 媒质 •frequency 频率•band 波段•wavelength 波长•pitch 音高•intensity 强度•echo 回声•resonance 回声，反响 •acoustic 音响的•sonar 声纳•ultrasonics 超声学 •electricity 电•static electricity静电•magnetism 磁性 磁力 磁学 •magnet 磁体•electromagnet 电磁•magnetic field磁场•electric current电流•direct current(DC) 直流电 •alternating current AC交流电 •electric circuit电路•electric charge电荷•electric voltage电压•electric shock触电•electric appliance电器 •conductor 导体•insulator 绝缘体 •semiconductor 半导体•battery (cell) 电池•dry battery干电池•storage battery蓄电池 •electronics 电子学•electronic 电子的•electronic component(part) 电子零件 •integrated circuit集成电路•chip 集成电器片，集成块•electron tube电子管•vacuum tube真空管•transistor 晶体管•shrink 收缩•amplification (名词)放大•amplify （动词）放大•amplifier 放大器，扬声器•quiver/jar 震动•vibration 震动•oscillation 震荡•optical 光（学）的•optical fiber光学纤维•lens 透镜，镜片•convex 凸透镜•concave 凹透镜•microscope 显微镜•telescope 望远镜•magnifier 放大镜•spectrum 光谱•wavelength 波长•ultraviolet 紫外线•X rays X射线•Gamma rays γ射线•infrared rays红外线•microwaves 微波•dispersion 色散•transparent 透明•translucent 半透明•opaque 不透明的•compatible 兼容的•elasticity 弹性•chaos/disorder 混乱•clutter 混乱 （使）混乱数学•MATHEMATICS•mathematics 数学•mathematician 数学家•arithmetic 算术•calculate（count） 计算•calculation 计算•calculator 计算器•calculus 微积分•differential calculus微分学 •integral calculus积分学•abacus 算盘•numeral 数字•digit 数字,数位•enumerate/numerate 计数•even 偶数•odd 奇数•sum 和•total 总和，总数•aggregate 总计•fraction 分数，小数•percentage 百分比•quarter 四分之一•decimal 十进位,(十进)小数•addition 加法•plus 加上 正的•subtraction 减法•minus 减去 负的•subtract/deduct 减去•multiplication 乘法•multiplication table乘法表•multiply 乘以•times乘以•power 乘方•square 平方•division 除法•divide 除以•algebra 代数•equation 方程式，等式•formula 公式•root 根•function 函数•probability 概率•statistics 统计•ratio/proportion 比率•estimate/gauge 估计•evaluate 估计 评价•variant/variable 变量•discrete 不连续的离散的•dispersion 离差 差量•symmetry 对称（性）匀称•quantity 表示量的数或符号•quantitative 量的，数量的•qualitative 质的，质量的•deduction (inference) 推论，演绎•induction 归纳•rank 排序 排行 等级•sequence 序列•dual 二重的 两层的•diagram 图表•geometry 几何•geometric 几何的•figure 图形 形状•parallel adj. 平行n. 平行线•intersect 相交•dimension 维•area 面积•facet 平面•quadrilateral 四边形•vertical/ plumb/ upright/ perpendicular 垂直的 •square 正方形•rectangle 长方形，矩形•polygon 多边形•loop 圈，环•circle 圆形•circular 循环的，圆的•circulation 循环•circumference 圆周•circuitous 迂回的•ellipse (oval) 椭圆形•volume 体积•bulk 容积•cube 立方形•cubic 立方体的•sphere 球形•cone 圆锥形•column 圆柱 柱状物•caliber 口径•diameter 直径•radius 半径•triangle 三角形•angle 角•degree (角) 度生态环境•ECOLOGY 生态学•ecologist 生态学家•ecosystem 生态系统•balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡 •scenic 景色优美的•scenery 景色•puddle 小水洼•creek/brook 小溪•trickle 滴•crystal/limpid 清澈的•niche 小生态环境•habitat 栖息地•rain forest雨林•food chain食物链•acid rain酸雨•greenhouse effect温室效应•infrared radiation红外线辐射•ozone layer(ozonosphere) 臭氧层•ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射•contaminate（defile） 污染•pollution control污染控制•air pollution空气污染•water pollution水污染•noise pollution噪音污染•soil pollution土壤污染•pollution-free 无污染•pollutant 污染物•noxious (toxic) 有毒的•fume/fumes（有毒）废气•solid waste固体垃圾•sewage (wastewater) 污水•sewage purification污水净化 •sewage disposal污水处理•decibel （噪音）分贝农林畜牧•agriculture (farming) 农业•agricultural 农业的•agrarian 土地的，农业的•land (soil) 土壤；土地•soil conservation土壤保护•soil erosion泥土流失•silt 粉砂，泥沙•clay 黏土，湿土•clod 土块•barren 贫瘠•prolific/luxuriant 多产的•fertile 肥沃的•arable 适于耕种的•indigenous 土产的 当地的•pilot(experimental)试验性的•harrow( rake)耙，耙土•ridge 田埂•furrow 犁沟•plot （patch）小块地•ranch 农场，牧场•plantation 种植园 人造林•ranch 大农场 经营农场•orchard 果园•nursery 苗圃•seedbed 苗床•sickle 镰刀•spade 铲，锹•shovel (平头) 铲•pick 稿•tractor 拖拉机•cultivate (till) 耕作 •husbandry 耕种 管理•animal husbandry畜牧业•sow(seed) 播种•harvest 收割•weed 除草•irrigate 灌溉•manure(fertilizer) 肥料•spray 喷洒（农药） •insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂•pest 害虫•rust 锈病•weed 杂草 除草•grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒 •granary(grain store) 粮仓 •barn 谷仓 畜棚•mill 碾，磨•wheat 小麦•corn 玉米•rice 大米•barley 大麦•sorghum 高粱•oats燕麦•rye 黑麦•millet 粟，小米•fermentation 发酵•vegetable 蔬菜•horticulture 园艺学 •hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法 •greenhouse(glasshouse,•hotbed) 温室•conservatory 温室•cabbage 洋白菜•lettuce 生菜•mustard 芥菜•spinach 菠菜•broccoli 花椰菜•cucumber 黄瓜•eggplant 茄子•pepper 辣椒•pumpkin （squash）南瓜•tomato 西红柿•beet 甜菜•carrot 胡萝卜•radish 小红萝卜•pea 豌豆•soybean 大豆•celery 芹菜•garlic 大蒜•leek 韭菜•onion 洋葱头•potato 土豆•peanut 花生•sesame 芝麻•cotton 棉花•animal husbandry畜牧业•pasture 牧场•graze 放牧•livestock 家畜•fowl (poultry) 家禽•cattle 牛，家畜•buffalo 野牛•dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛•dairy farm乳牛场•trot （马）小跑•hay （作饲料用）干草•haystack 干草堆•fodder (feed) 饲料•trough 饲料槽•barn(shed) 牲口槽•stable 厩，马厩•cowshed 牛棚•pigpen(hog pen, pigsty)猪圈 •sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏•roost (hen house) 鸡舍•fish farm养鱼场•aquaculture 水产养殖生物 BIOLOGY•Darwinism 达尔文学说 进化论 •natural selection自然选择•evolve （使）进化发展•evolutionary 进化的•creature 生物•organism 生物 有机物•microbe 微生物•scavenger 食腐动物•rot 腐烂•decay （使）腐败•respiration 呼吸•metabolism 新陈代谢•secrete 分泌•secretion 分泌物•assimilate 吸收•vital 活的 活体的•anatomy 解剖学•microscope 显微镜•organ 器官•vestige 退化器官，遗迹•spleen 脾脏•calorie 卡路里•fat （grease）脂肪•carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类 •glucose 葡萄糖•starch 淀粉•fat 脂肪•protein 蛋白质•vitamin 维他命•malnourished 营养不良的•class 纲•order 目•family 科•genus 属•suborder 亚目•species 种•species 物种•subsist/exist 生存•extinct 灭绝•morphology 形态学•fauna 动物群•flora 植物群 植物界•breed n.品种v.繁殖•multiply（reproduce）繁殖•proliferate 繁衍•propagate 繁殖 传播•posterity 后代•ripe 植物成熟•mature 动物成熟•symbiotic 共生的•immune 免除的，免疫的•immunity 免疫•hygiene 卫生•sanitation 卫生•parasite 寄生虫•necrosis 坏死•futile 无用的动植物动物•strain（动物昆虫）种 血统•homotherm 恒温动物•poikilotherm 变温动物•invertebrate 无脊椎动物•vertebrate 脊椎动物•spine 脊骨•spineless 无脊椎的•aquatic( life) 水生动物•reptile 爬行动物•amphibian (amphibious•animal) 两栖动物•rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）•primate 灵长动物•plankton 浮游生物•mollusk 软体动物•coelenterate 腔肠动物（珊瑚）•monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的 •polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的•polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的 •appetite 食欲•stodgy 难消化的•herbivorous 食草的•carnal 肉体的•carnivorous 食肉的•omnivorous 杂食的•predatory/carnivorous 食肉的•predator 捕食者•prey v.捕食 n.被捕食的动物•trapper 诱捕动物者 •community 动物群落或人的部落 •gregarious 群居的•horde (昆虫等)群•swarm(昆虫等)群•flock （鸟，羊等）群•herd 兽群•bunch （花等）束，捧 •dinosaur 恐龙•extinction 灭绝•mammal 哺乳动物•hump 驼峰•dolphin 海豚•porpoise 海豚•whale 鲸鱼•rhinoceros 犀牛•bat 蝙蝠•beaver 海狸•sloth 树懒•slothful 懒惰的•primates 灵长目动物 •gorilla 大猩猩 •chimpanzee 黑猩猩 •baboon 狒狒•insect 昆虫•antenna (复 antennae) 触须 •tentacle 触角•larva 幼虫，幼体•larvae （复）幼虫•pest 害虫•worm 虫，蠕虫•caterpillar 毛虫•moth 蛾•lizard 蜥蜴•chameleon 变色蜥蜴•turtle 龟•shrimp 小虾•prawn 对虾•lobster 对虾•crab 螃蟹•clam 蛤蜊•sponge 海绵•coral 珊瑚•starfish 海星•jellyfish 水母•oyster 牡蛎 蚝•clam 蛤•scale 鳞片•beast 野兽•fertilize 使…受精•hatch 孵•spawn (鱼、虾、蛙)孵（产卵） •pregnant 怀孕的•offspring (young) 子孙后代•regeneration 再生•domesticate 驯养•camouflage伪装•mimicry 拟态•hibernate 冬眠•dormant 休眠的•migrate 迁移•fluffy 绒毛的•fuzzy 有绒毛的，绒毛状•wing 翅膀，翼•bill （鸟）嘴•beak （鹰等的）嘴•nest 筑巢•canary 金丝雀•chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧•squeak （老鼠等）吱吱植物•botany 植物学•botanist 植物学家•botanical (botanic) 植物的•plant 植物•aquatic plant水生植物•parasite plant寄生植物•fern 蕨类植物•shade 树荫•canopy 树冠层，顶棚•foliage (leaf) 叶•leaflet 小叶•rosette (叶的)丛生•stem 茎•stalk 杆•leafstalk 叶柄•seeds 种子•everlasting 永久的 •pollen 花粉 授粉给 •pollinate 授粉 •crossbreed 杂交•shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝 •germinate 发芽•bud 芽 发芽 花蕾•flower 花•petal 花瓣•column 花柱•peel(skin) 果皮•shell (硬) 果壳 去壳 •husk(干)果壳(玉米)苞叶•timber 木材 木料•log 圆木•trunk 树干•branch 树枝•bough 大或者粗的树枝 •twig 小树枝•bark 树皮•peel 剥 削 剥落•herb 香草 药草•lawn 草坪•meadow 草地，牧场•prairie 大草原•jungle 丛林•shrub (bush) 灌木•shrub 灌木•cluster 一簇（灌木） 丛生 •bunch 串 束 •photosynthesis 光合作用 •symbiotic 共生的 •symbiosis 共生•wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢 •pollen 花粉•pollinate 传授花粉 •pollination 授粉•cell 细胞•tissue 组织•organ 器官•system 系统•root pressure根压•cohesion-tension 凝聚压力•bore 腔，肠•rosette 玫瑰形饰物•orchid 兰花 淡紫色•sequoia 红杉 美洲杉•laurel 月桂树人类社会•archaeology 考古学•archeologist 考古学家•anthropology 人类学ethnology人种学,人类文化学•anthropologist 人类学家 paleoanthropologist古人类学家•ecological anthropologist生态人类学家•psychological anthropologist心理人类学家 •unearth 发掘发现•scoop 汲取 挖掘•exhume 掘出•excavation 挖掘•excavate (unearth) 挖掘•ruins 遗迹，废墟•relic 遗物，文物•remnant 残余；遗迹•artifact 手工艺品•porcelain 瓷器•archaic 古的•antique 古物，古董•antiquity 古代，古老•primitive 原始的 最初的•Stone Age石器时代•Bronze Age（青）铜器时代•Iron Age铁器时代•Paleolithic 旧石器时代的•Mesolithic 中石器时代的•Neolithic 新石器时代的•chronological 按年代顺序的•skull 颅骨•cranial 颅骨的，头盖的•origin 起源•originate 起源于•aboriginal 土著，原来的•ascend 追溯•ancestor 祖先forerunner(predecessor)先驱•descent(ancestry) 血统•hybrid 杂种，混血•hominid 原始人类•homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的 •ethnic 种族的•ethics 伦理学•human 人类的；人性的•juvenile 青少年的•adult 成人，成人的（mature）•patriarchal 家长的 族长的•marital 婚姻的•household 家庭 家族•status 地位•genteel 上流社会的•convention 传统•taboo 禁忌 禁止•institutionalize 使制度化•tribe 部落 ；clan 氏族•community 社区 社会 公社•urban 城市的•rustic 乡村的•metropolitan 首都/大城市的•exotic 外来的 异国风味的政治•POLITICS 政治•constitution 宪法•legislation 立法•Democrats 民主党•Republicans 共和党•Amendment 修正案•Congress 美国国会•Senate 参议院•House of Representatives众议院 •monarchy 君主制•anarchism 无政府主义•federal system联邦制•presidential system总统制•municipal 市的，市政的•metropolitan 大都市的•centralized 中央集权的•ideology 意识形态•maneuver 擦略•tariff 关税•immigrant 移民•institutionalize 机构化•election 选举•vote 投票•office holding任职•veto 否决•American Revolution美国革命/独立战争 •Independence War美国独立战争•Civil War美国内战•radical 激进的,根本的•overturning 颠覆性的•independent 独立的•breathtaking 激动人心的•military 军事的•colonize 拓殖，殖民•per capita人均•treason 叛国•conspiracy 阴谋•imprisonment 监禁•release 释放•pardon 特赦•accusation 谴责，指控•welfare 福利•patronage 资助，赞助•unionization 联合，结合音乐•euphonious 悦耳的•harsh 刺耳的•musical instrument乐器•orchestra 管弦乐队•string 弦乐•wind 管乐•chorus 合唱团•band 乐队•concert 音乐会•shook rattle摇拨浪鼓•pound drum击鼓•footbeat 点脚，跺脚•percussion 震荡，打击乐器•note 音符•movement 乐章•score 乐谱•lyric 歌词•fanatical 狂热的•jazz 爵士乐•hillbilly music乡村音乐•folk music民间音乐•pop music流行音乐•classical music古典音乐•conservatory 音乐学校心理•PSYCHOLOGY 心理•mental 心理的•physical 身体的,物质物理的•spiritual 心灵的•conformity 从众•majority 多数人•minority 少数人•threshold judgment（心理学）初始性判断 •subject 受实验对象教育•higher education高等教育•moral character道德品质•domain 领域•faculty 全体教员•alumni 校友treasurer生活委员,财务大臣•elective system选课制度•curriculum 课程（总称）•discipline 学科，管理•didactic 教诲的 说教的•sermon 说教•edify 陶冶 教化instill（infuse，impact）灌输 •initiate 启蒙•enlighten 启发，开导•learn by rote 死记硬背人物•choreographer 舞蹈编排家•critic 批评家•satirist 讽刺作家•inventor 发明家•biographer 自传作家•sculptor 雕塑家•feminist 女权主义者•humanitarian 人道主义者•imagist 意象派诗人•philanthropist 慈善家•proprietor 业主•mortal 犯人•precursor 先驱•figurehead 名誉领袖•disciple 学徒•apprentice 学徒•mechanic 机械工•minimalist 简单抽象派艺术 •avant-garde 前卫派•territory 领域•genre 风格，体裁•eccentric 古怪的•odd 怪诞的，奇数的•erratic 奇怪的•weird 怪异的，不可思议的•unique 独一无二的•romantic 浪漫的•innocent 天真的，无罪的•lovelorn 相思病苦的•emotional 情绪的，情感的•sentimental 感伤,多愁善感•cheerless 无精打采无生命力•patriarchal 家长的，族长的•rigid 僵化的•spare 简朴的•clumsy 笨拙的•nervous 紧张的•contemporary 当代的•acclaimed 受欢迎的•preeminent 杰出的•outstanding 杰出的•versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的 •household 家庭的，家喻户晓•genuine 真正的•authentic 逼真的•symbolic 象征性的•immortal 不朽的，神•nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡•emotive 感人的•prodigious 巨大的•posthumous 死后的。
托福听力词汇完整版
托福听力词汇完整版文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment/register 登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meeting开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition fee 费用placement test 开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓: university- president 大学，校长chancellor 名誉校长college 学院science/ arts school 理科/文科学院undergraduate 本科postgraduate /graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅/cafeteria.自助餐厅dining hall 食堂administration building 行政大楼wing/annex 配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hallassembly n.集合,集会computer lab 计算实验室，机房选课学科major 主修 minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学（micro-微marin-海洋）geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistic 语言学pedagogy 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学课程类型required、 compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与Otherssemester/term 学期 quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要exemption 免修Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长faculty 全体教职员dean 院长coordinator 班主任，协调人tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人作业：assignment 作业（lab/book/oral/mix media）report 实验报告project 项目survey 调查presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview vt.n.采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲 (roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和B B plus B加A minus A减pass the exam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalog 图书目录classified catalog 分类目录title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架（vt.）stacks 书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程Hypothesis 假说Alternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey 调查Questionnaire 调查问卷Experiment 实验Interfere, influence 打扰Observation 观察Analyze data 分析数据Interpret data 翻译数据Analysis 分析Analytical 分析的Subject 主题,科目,受制于…的SampleTreatment group 实验组Control group 实验对照组校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter ofreference/recommendation 推荐信Competitive 竞争的Benefit future careerField research 实地调查研究Collect data for papers Waiter, waitress，Babysitter 临时保姆Work at the library Qualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CV 简历financial aid经济援助Scholarship/Fellowship 奖学金Teaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台， sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electricappliance(instrument;equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶fridge(refrigerator/freezer)冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belonging s个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongs garbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化 moltenGravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动Volcano, volcanic 火山，火山的Volcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸 (explosion) boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear （a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a directionparallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Theme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomy constellation 星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体 (rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen)Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vivid anthem 国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage 海市蜃楼prolific 多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural 壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Fa?ade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['kr?mh?:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器 (potter) Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biological agency Calcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweedegg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪 , paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill),recycle, reduce, reuse,dump 回收:glass, paper, water, milk carton牛奶盒, tyre, aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装,throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源, replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电, solar (lunar) power太阳能, nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约,污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎, damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种, endangered species濒危物种, extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear),animal rights activist动物权益保护者 ,natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物, preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的,devastation破坏,have disastrous effect on…对。
TOEFL iBT List 1~5 词汇
1, flag [flæg]n. 旗标,旗子,信号旗[计算机] 标志v.枯萎,减退2, abort [ə'bɔ:t]v. 流产,打胎,堕胎,中断3, flourish ['flʌriʃ]v. 繁荣,茂盛,活跃4, teem [ti:m]v. 充满,富于5, abreast [ə'brest]ad. 并肩地,相并地6, abound [ə'baund]v. 富于,充满7, plentiful ['plentiful]a. 多的,丰富的8, adjunct ['ædʒʌŋkt]n. 附属物,附件,修饰语9, conform [kən'fɔ:m]v. 使一致,遵守,使顺从10, nicety ['naisiti]n. 精密,正确,纤细11, familiarize [fə'miljəraiz]vt. 使熟悉12, acoustic [ə'ku:stik]a. 美声的，听觉的,音感教育,音响学的13, adequate ['ædikwit] a. 足够的,充足的,适当的,能胜任的14, adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] a. 毗连的,邻近的,接近的15, adjoining [ə'dʒɔiniŋ] a. 毗邻的16, borderingn. 边缘(设立疆界,边界标志物)17, accessory [æk'sesəri] a. 附属的(副的,辅助的) n. 附件18, adolescence [,ædəʊ'lesəns]n. 青春期19, adorn [ə'dɔ:n]v. 装饰,佩戴20, ardor ['ɑ:də]n. 热情,狂热21, adore [ə'dɔ:]v. 崇拜,爱慕,喜爱22, progressive [prə'gresiv]a. 进步的,前进的n. 进步人士23, exclusive [iks'klu:siv]a. 独占的,唯一的,排外的[计算机] 互斥的24, advent ['ædvənt]n. 出现,到来25, proponent[prə'pəunənt]n. 建议者,支持者26, aerial ['єəriəl]a. 空中的,航空的,空想的27, aerobic [,eiə'rəubik]a. 需氧的,有氧的,增氧健身法的28, aesthetic [i:s'θetik]a. 美学的,审美的,有美感29, affirm [ə'fə:m]v. 断言,肯定30, afflict [ə'flikt]v. 使苦恼,折磨31, aggregate ['ægrigeit]n. 合计,总计,集合体a. 合计的,集合的,聚合的v. 聚集,集合,合计32, agreeable [ə'griəbl]a. 愉快的,和蔼可亲的33, alchemist ['ælkimist]n. 炼丹术士34, ware [wєə]n. 制品,器具,货物v. 留心,小心35, alga ['ælgə]n. 海藻36, algae ['ældʒi:]n. 水藻,海藻37, algebran. 代数学38, alienn. 外侨a. 外国的,相异的39, allayv. 使...镇静,使...缓和40, allergyn. 敏感症,反感,厌恶41, allergic [ə'lə:dʒik]a. 过敏的42, alleviatev. 减轻,使...缓和43, fable ['feibl]n. 寓言44, parable ['pærəbl]n. 寓言,比喻,谜45, allocationn. 配置,分配,安置46, apportionv. 分配,分摊,分派47, alternate [ɔ:l'tə:nit, 'ɔ:ltə:neit]a. 交替的,轮流的v. 交替,轮流48, rotate [rəu'teit]v. (使)旋转49, alumnusn. 男毕业生,男校友50, alumnin. 毕业生,校友51, alumna [ə'lʌmnə]n. 女校友,女毕业生(pl.alumnae)52, alumnaen.(pl) 女毕业生,女校友53, amidprep. 在其间,在其中54, amnesia [æm'ni:ziə]n. 健忘症55, amplea. 充足的,丰富的56, analogyn. 相似,类似57, anatomyn. 剖析,解剖学,骨骸58, forefather ['fɔ:,fɑ:ðə] n. 祖先59, anchorn. 铁锚v. 停泊,抛锚,用锚系住60, animationn. 活泼,生气,卡通制作61, anthropology [ænθrə'pɔlədʒi]n. 人类学62, annoyinga. 恼人的,讨厌的63, archaica. 已废的,古老的,古代的64, viewpoint ['vju:,pɔint] n. 观点,看法65, illustrate ['iləstreit]v. 举例说明,作图解66, herald ['herəld]n. 使者,传令官,前锋v. 预报,宣布,传达67, proclaim [prə'kleim] v. 宣布,公告,宣言68, notify ['nəutifai]v. 通知,通告,报告69, antibiotic [,æntibai'ɔtik]a. 抗菌的n. 抗生素70, foresee [fɔ:'si:]v. 预见,预知71, antique [æn'ti:k]a. 古代的n. 古物,古董72, evident ['evidənt]a. 明显的,明白的73, detectable [di'tektəbl] a. 可发现的(可察觉的,可探测出的,可检波的)74, savor ['seivə]n. 滋味, 气味, 食欲, 特定的味道或气味, 一种有特色的性质vi. 有...的滋味, 有...气味vt. 加调味品于, 使有风味,尝到或闻到, 尽情享受75, acclaim [ə'kleim]n. 喝采,欢呼,赞同v. 欢呼,喝采,称赞76, becoming [bi'kʌmiŋ]a. 合适的77, engross [in'grəus]v. 占去,使全神贯注78, ratify ['rætifai]v. 批准,认可79, assentn. 赞成v. 同意80, aquaticn. 水生动物,水草a. 水生的,水中的,水上的81, aquariumn. 水族馆,养鱼池,玻璃缸82, arbitrarya. 任意的,恣意的,专制的83, archaeology [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi]n. 考古学84, arida. 干燥的,不毛的85, barren ['bærən]a. 不育的,贫瘠的86, articulatea. 有关节的,发音清晰的v. 以关节连接,接合,明白地说87, artifactn. 人工制品(制造物,石器)88, synthetic [sin'θetik]a. 合成的,人造的n. 人工制品89, false [fɔ:ls]a. 不真实的,错误的,人造的,假的,虚伪的90, artistic [ɑ:'tistik]a. 艺术的91, craftsman ['krɑ:ftsmən]n. 工匠,技工,手艺人92, ascending上升的,升序93, assertv. 主张,声明,断言94, prescribe [pris'kraib]v. 规定,命令,开药方95, associate [ə'səuʃieit]n. 同伴,伙伴v. 联合,联想a. 副的96, premise ['premis]n. 前提v. 提论,预述97, asymmetrical[,eisi'metrikəl]a. 不匀称的,不对称的,不均匀的98, attach [ə'tætʃ]v. 附上,系上,贴上,使依恋99, affix [ə'fiks]v. 使...附于,署名,粘贴100, inviting [in'vaitiŋ]a. 吸引人的,诱人的101, intriguing [in'tri:giŋ]a. 吸引人的,有趣的vbl. 密谋,私通102, trait [treit]n. 特征,特点,特性103, spectator[spek'teitə;'spekteitə]n. 观众,旁观者104, augmentv. 增加,增大105, empower [im'pauə]v. 授与权力,允许106, sanction ['sæŋkʃən]n. 核准,处罚,约束力v. 制定制裁规则,认许,核准107, avalanche ['ævəlɑ:nʃ]n. 雪崩108, navigation [,nævi'geiʃən]n. 航行,航海109, barge [bɑ:dʒ]n. 驳船vi. 猛撞,冲,闯110, infertile [in'fə:tail] a. 不肥沃的111, unproductive ['ʌnprə'd ʌktiv]a. 无生产力的112, fence [fens]n. 围墙,创术v. 用篱笆围住,练习创术,防护[计算机] 栅栏113, obstruction [əb'strʌkʃən]n. 障碍,妨碍,闭塞114, besiegev. 围攻,包围115, beverage ['bevəridʒ] n. 饮料116, prejudice ['predʒudis] n. 偏见,成见,伤害v. 使...存偏见,使...有成见,伤害117, blanda. 温和的118, bleach [bli:tʃ]n. 漂白剂v. 变白, 漂白119, blend [blend]v. 混合n. 混合物120, abrade [ə'breid]v. 擦伤,磨损121, assertionn. 断言,主张122, awning ['ɔ:niŋ]n. 雨篷,遮阳篷123, bluffn. 断崖,绝壁a. 直率的124, boastn. 吹牛v. 吹牛,自夸125, bonya. 如骨的,多骨的,瘦骨嶙峋的126, bouncen. 跳,反跃,弹力v. 弹跳,使...跳127, bragn. 吹牛v. 吹牛128, breedn. 品种,族类v. 养育,繁殖,引起129, breezen. 微风,轻而易举的事130, brittlea. 易碎的131, buckn. 钱132, buffalon. 水牛133, bulk [bʌlk]n. 大部分,大多数,大块,大批,容积,体积vi. 越来越大vt. (使)更大134, bulletin ['bulətin]n. 公报vt. 发表135, bureaun. 局,办公处136, burgeonn. 芽,嫩枝v. 萌芽,发芽137, burrow ['bʌrəu]n. (兔子等)所掘的地洞v. 挖洞vi. 翻寻,挖洞vt. 挖掘(洞穴),钻进138, cable ['keibl]n. 电缆,海底电报v. 打海底电报139, calibration [,kæli'breiʃən]n. 刻度,校准，140, camouflage ['kæmuflɑ:ʒ]v. 伪装,欺瞒141, canyon ['kænjən]n. 峡谷142, cape [keip]n. 岬,海角,披肩143, capillary [kə'piləri]n. 毛细管a. 毛状的,毛细管的144, captive ['kæptiv]n. 俘虏,迷恋者a. 被俘的,被迷住的145, cardinal ['kɑ:dinəl]n. 枢机主教,鲜红色a. 主要的,深红色的146, cargo ['kɑ:gəu]n. 船货,货物147, caribou ['kæribu:]n. 北美驯鹿148, carnivore ['kɑ:nivɔ:]n. 食肉动物149, cartilage ['kɑ:tilidʒ]n. 软骨150, cascade [kæs'keid]n. 小瀑布v. 瀑布似地落下vi. 像瀑布般冲下或倾泻151, catalyst ['kætəlist]n. 催化剂152, catastrophe[kə'tæstrəfi]n. 大灾难,大祸153, caterpillar ['kætəpilə]n. 毛虫卡特彼勒(财富500强公司之一，总部所在地美国,主要经营工业农业设备)154, cavity ['kæviti]n. 洞,空穴,腔155, cease [si:s]n. 停止v. 停止,终了156, celebrated['selibreitid]a. 著名的157, celestial [si'lestjəl, si'lestʃəl]a. 天上的158, census ['sensəs]n. 户口普查v. 实施统计调查159, centennial [sen'tenjəl, -niəl]n. 百年纪念a. 一百年的160, certificate [sə'tifikit] n. 证(明)书,执照vt. 批准161, certify ['sə:tifai]v. 证明,保证162, chafe [tʃeif]n. 擦伤,气恼v. 摩擦,擦痛,激怒163, chaos [' keiɔs]n. 混乱164, charcoal ['tʃɑ:kəul] n. 木炭,炭笔165, charter ['tʃɑ:tə]n. 特许状,执照,宪章v. 特许,发给特许执照166, chill [tʃil]n. 寒冷,寒意,失意a. 寒冷的,冷漠的v. 使...寒心,冷冻167, choir ['kwaiə]n. 唱诗班,唱诗班的席位168, cholesterol [kə'lestərəul, -rɔl]n. 胆固醇169, choreographer [,kɔri'ɔgrəfə(r)]n. 舞蹈指导170, chorus ['kɔ:rəs]n. 合唱队,齐声说道171, chromosome ['krəuməsəum]n. 染色体172, chronical ['krɔnikLl]a. 长期的,慢性的173, circumference [sə'kʌmfərəns]n. 圆周,周围,胸围174, cite [sait]v. 引用,引证,例证175, clamor ['klæmə]n. 喧闹,叫嚷,大声的要求v. 喧嚷,大声的要求176, clarify ['klærifai]v. 澄清,阐明,使...明晰177, cliff [klif]n. 悬崖,峭壁178, cling [kliŋ]v. 粘紧,附～,紧贴179, clinical ['klinikəl]a. 临床的180, clipper ['klipə]n. 大剪刀,快速帆船181, clump [klʌmp]n. 丛,块,笨重的脚步声182, clumsy ['klʌmzi]a. 笨拙的183, cluster ['klʌstə]n. 串,丛,群v. 聚合,成串,丛生,使...聚集184, clutch [klʌtʃ]n. 抓紧,掌握,离合器v. 抓牢,踩汽车之离合器,孵小鸡185, coarse [kɔ:s]a. 粗糙的,下等的,粗俗的186, coax [kəuks]v. 哄,诱骗,灵巧慢慢的做187, coexist [kəuig'zist]v. 共存vi. 同时存在,共存188, cognition [kɔg'niʃən]n. 认识,认识力,知觉189, coherent [kəu'hiərənt]a. 互相密合著的,凝聚性的,连贯的190, cohesion [kəu'hi:ʒən]n. 凝聚力,团结191, coil [kɔil]n. 卷,骚动v. 盘绕,卷192, consistent[kən'sistənt]a. 始终如一的,一致的,坚持的193, constitution [,kɔnsti'tju:ʃən]n. 组织,宪法,体格194, daring ['dєəriŋ]a. 大胆的195, enclose [in'kləuz]v. 围绕,放入封套,装[计算机] 括入196, expansion [iks'pænʃən]n. 扩大,膨胀197, fleetinga. 飞逝的(疾驰的,短暂的,急走的)198, fragile ['frædʒail]a. 易碎的,脆的199, nominee [nɔmi'ni:]n. 被提名的人,名义人200, obligate ['ɔbligeit]v. 使负义务,强制,预留201, perimeter [pə'rimitə]n. 周长,周界202, periphery [pə'rifəri]n. 周边(边缘,圆周,圆柱体表面)203, potentiality [pə,tenʃi'æliti]n. 可能力,潜在力,可能性204, precipice ['presipis]n. 断崖,绝壁,险境205, quarry ['kwɔri]n. 采石场,猎获物,出处v. 挖出,苦心找出206, quote [kwəut]n. 引用v. 引述,举证,报价207, renowned [ri'naʊnd] a. 有名的,有声誉的208, rub [rʌb]n. 摩擦,困难,障碍v. 擦,搓,摩擦209, swamp [swɔmp] n. 沼泽,湿地v. 淹没,陷于沼泽210, swirl [swə:l]n. 漩涡,涡状形v. 使成漩涡,头晕。
新托福iBT听力专业词汇(分类)
GEOLOGY地质学geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠钻石绿宝石冰川冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period)冰渍冰山火山活火山死火山volcano 休眠火火山喷发火山口火山的火山尘火山灰( quake;地震地震的地震学震级地震波灾变地理学家半球子午线，经线平行圈，纬线纬度经度海拔高度latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heatgeothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism(geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石生物学与相关学科BIOLOGY植物PLANTbotany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养动物ANIMALDarvinism达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibiousanimal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae)触须larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous )食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软体动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 龙虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂食的生态学ECOLOGYecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝农业AGRICULTURE agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 南瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animalhusbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty)猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖人类学ANTHROPOLOGYanthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的物理PHYSICSphysics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component(part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的化学CHEMISTRYchemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter;material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品政治POLITICSconstitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命/独立战争Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合教育EDUCATIONeducator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德品质domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote 死记硬背天文学ASTRONOMYastronomical 天文的astronomical observatory天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenlybody) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪。
ibt托福词汇分类记忆
ibt托福词汇分类记忆备考托福的考生都知道，托福词汇量一定程度上决定着你的托福成绩。
越多的词汇量，对托福考试越有利。
下面是小编为大家分类总结的ibt托福词汇，希望能够帮助大家记忆。
ibt托福词汇分类记忆：政治场景类政治类Government监督 n. scrutiny监督 v. scrutinize/ monitor为……拨款 allocate money to sth./ be a patron of/ invest in/ fund/ dedicate money to sth.预算 n. budget政府开支 the government spending/ expenditure on sth.削减 v. curtail增加 v. augment废除(法律、制度等) vt. abolish实施 vt. implement使……合法化 vt. legalize首要任务 n. priority建立 vt. establish减轻、缓解 vt. alleviate =ease =relieve当局 the authorities禁止 vt. forbid/ prohibit立法 n. legislation税收 tax revenue民主的 adj. democratic高效率的 adj. efficient优化资源分配 optimize the distribution of res-ources稳定 n. stability解决 vt. Combat = tackle = resolve = address = grapple with严厉的，严格的 adj. stringent短视的 adj. short-sighted支出，花费 n. expenditure社会保险 social security老百姓 n. citizens/ the citizenry规范，管理 v. regulate/ monitor/ oversee严禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation强制性的，按照法律或者规定必须做的adj. mandatory/ compulsory当务之急 n. priority失业 n. unemployment/ joblessness基础设施 n. infrastructure公共交通系统 public transportation/ transit system电网 power grid石油天然气管线 pipelines给排水系统 water supply and drainage system民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government 临时的应急措施 a stopgap measure把……当作当务之急 give priority to sth.责任 n. duty/ responsibility/ obligation军备竞赛 n. arms race自卫 n. self-defense国土安全 national security/ homeland security缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy扩张 n. expansion/ aggression谋求霸权 seek/ pursue hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factors规章制度 rules and regulations太空竞赛 space race武器 n. arms/ weapons/ armaments下岗工人 laid-off workers/ downsized workers ibt托福词汇分类记忆：医生1. medical specialist 专科医生2. physician (internist) 内科医生3. surgeon 外科医生4. paediatrician 儿科医生5. ophthalmologist 眼科医生6. pharmacist 药剂师7. general practitioner 全科医师8. clinician 临床医师9. gynecologist 妇科医生10. plastic surgeon 整形外科医生11. dentist 牙医12. psychologist 心理医生13. therapist 理疗师14. cardiologist 心脏病科医师15. dermatologist 皮肤科医生16. podiatrist 足病医生17. allergist 过敏症专科医生18. obstetrician 产科医生19. ENT doctor 耳鼻喉科医生20. orthopedist 骨科医生21. veterinarian 兽医22. houseman 实习医生ibt托福词汇分类记忆：拳击timekeeper 计时员boxing weights 拳击体重级别light flyweight 48公斤级, 次特轻量级flyweight 51公斤级, 特轻量级bantamweight 54公斤级, 最轻量级featherweight 57公斤级, 次轻量级lightweight 60公斤级, 轻量级light welterweight 63.5公斤级, 轻中量级welterweight 67公斤级, 次中量级light middleweight 71公斤级, 中量级middleweight 75公斤级, 次重量级light heavyweight 81公斤级, 重量级heavyweight 81以上公斤级, 最重量级boxing 拳击boxer 拳击运动员boxing glove 拳击手套boxing shoe 拳击鞋infighting 近战straight punch 直拳uppercut 上钩拳right hook 右钩拳foul 犯规punch bag 沙袋punch ball 沙球boxing match 拳击比赛referee 裁判员boxing ring 拳击台rope 围绳winner 胜利者loser by a knockout 被击败出局者ibt托福词汇分类记忆：学校生活类apply 申请;适用academy 学术团体;专门院校attend 入学;参加audit 旁听absence 缺席alumnus 男校友alumna 女校友brochure 小册子broadcast 广播curriculum 课程committe 委员会course 课程;过程credential 文凭;资格cumpas (大学)校园deadline 最后期限;截止时间degree 学位;程度department 系;学部;部门documentation 文件dormitory 宿舍elementary 初级的elective 选修的enrollment 入学faculty 全体教职员工;能力fellowship 友谊;奖学金field 运动场;领域finalize 使完成;定稿institute 研究所;学院laboratory 实验室lawn 草地;草坪librarian 图书管理员literary 文学上的midterm 期中的;期中考试motto 座右铭;格言part-time 兼职;部分时间的reference 提到;参考register 登记;注册score 分数;乐谱semester 学期seminar 研讨会stadium 运动场thesis 论文theory 理论;学说tourrament 比赛transfer 转移;转学tuition 学费tutor 家庭教师;辅导undergraduate 大学肄业生;本科生ibt托福词汇分类记忆：法律类amendment n. 修改，修定apartment n.公富，寓所applicant n.申请人，请求者application n. 申请(书)，适用application fee 申请费application for admission 请求入境approval n. 认可，赞同;核准，批准，许可approval authority 核准权，批准权;批准机关approval procedure 批准程序，审核手续approve v. 批准;核准;许可，赞同，同意arrival n. 到达，来到;到达者arrival card 入境证arrival record 入境记录attorney n. 律师available a. 可适用的，可达到的，合用的achievement n. 成就about adv. 关于absence from U.K 离开英国academic a.专科院校的，研究院的;学术的academic student 专科院校学生address n.地址，住址address for service(令状，传票的)送达地址addresee n.收件人;收信人addressor n.发件人;发信人adjustment n.调整，适应adjustment of status 调整身份admission n. 入境admission number 入境号码admissible a. 可以接收的，可准入境的adopt v.收养;正式通过adopted children 养子女advance n.前进。
词以类记-托福iBT-听力分类学术词汇-word版
seismic
地震的
seismology
地震学
magnitude
震级
seismic intensity scale
震烈度
seismic wave
地震波
transverse wave
横波
longitudinal wave
纵波
epicenter
震中
epicentral distance
震中距
aftershock
寄生动物
primate
灵长动物
plankton
浮游生物
mollusk
软体动物
coelenterate
腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）
herbivore['hə:bi.vɔ:, 'hə:bə.vɔ:]
食草动物
mammal
哺乳动物
homotherm
恒温动物
cold-blooded animal
冷血动物
poikilotherm
清真寺
the statue of liberty
自由女神像
the triumphal arch
凯旋门
sphinx
狮身人面像
pyramid
金字塔
castle
城堡
动物学
zoology
动物学
Darwinism
达尔文学说
natural selection
自然选择
phylum
门
class
纲
order
目
suborder
沉积岩
metamorphic rock
变质岩
limestone
石灰岩
托福iBT课程词汇讲义（46组核心词根）
托福iBT课程词汇讲义（46组核心词根）新TOEFL-iBT核心词汇核心词根科普类1.aer, aero, aeri=air,aerial adj.航空的, 生活在空气中的, 空气的, 高耸的n.天线aerobic a. 增养健身法的（pl.）n.有养运动aeromechanics n.航空力学aerogram n.无线电报, 航空邮件aerospace n.航空宇宙aerosphere n.大气层aeroview n.空中俯瞰图aerophotography n.航空摄影术2.agr=(field, land) ＝acreagriculture n.农业, 农艺, 农学massacreagronomy n.农艺学, 农学agrology n.土壤学, 实用土壤学agrarian adj.有关土地的, 耕地的(为ian作为后缀表示形容词“。
的”或者“。
的人”。
)3.anthrop=humananthrop ology n.人类学paleoanthrop ology n.古人类学misanthrop ist n.厌恶人类者, 厌世者anthrop表示“人类”，而此处出现的后缀是ology，表示学科，因此anthropology就是人类学；而paleo作为前缀就是“古代”的意思，所以paleoanthropology是古人类学的意思；mis作为前缀表示“错误，厌恶”的意思，因此misanthropist表示“厌恶人类者, 厌世者”。
4.aqua=wateraquar ium n.养鱼池, 玻璃缸, 水族馆（-ium表示“场所，容器”）aquat ic a.水生的，水栖的（-ic一般表示形容词）op aque n.不透明物adj.不透明的, 不传热的, 迟钝的（op-一般表示“阻碍，反”对）Hydra-Hebe S.H.E.5.astro, aster=starastronom ical a.天文学的(-ical表示形容词)astro nomy n. 天文学(-nomy表示“某一领域”)astronom er n.天文学家，宇航员(-er表示“人”，或者“动作的发出者”)astrospace n.宇宙空间astro naut n.太空人, 宇航员(-naut表示“人”)dis aster n.灾难, 天灾, 灾祸（dis-表示“分开，否定”的意思）6.bio, bi=lifebio logist n.生物学家(-ist表示“人”)bio graphy n.传记(-graphy表示“写”)anti bio tic n.抗生素adj.抗生的(anti-表示“反对，反抗”；-ic表示形容词或者名词) bio sphere n.生物圈(-sphere表示“球，圈”) bio cid e n.生物杀灭剂(-cide表示“切，杀死”)a bio sis n.无生命(a-表示“加强”，或者“否定”；；-sis表示名词)sym bio sis n.[生]共生现象, 合作，互利关系(sym-表示“共同，一起”；-sis表示名词)7.celer=quickac celer ate v.加快，加速（acc-表示加强，-ate表示动词，形容词或者名词）celer ity n.敏捷, 快速(-ity表示抽象名词)ac celer ator n.加速者, 加速器（acc-表示“加强”）ac celer ation n.加速度（acc-表示“加强”）de celer ate v.(使)减速(de-表示“向下，破坏，消极”的意思) de celer ation n. 减速(-tion表示名词)excel excellent8.chron=timechron ic adj.慢性的, 延续很长的chron icle n.编年史v.编入编年史(-icle表示“集合名词”)chron ology n.年代学, 年表(-ology表示“某一领域”)syn chron ize v.同步(syn-表示相同，同时；-ize表示“使。
2022年托福词汇分类ibt
tributary支流
Tropic of Cancer北回归线
Tropic of Capricorn南回归线
tropical rain forest热带雨林
tropical热带旳
tropics回归线
tunnel隧道,地道
uncharted海图尚未标明旳,未知旳
underground地下旳
extinction灭绝
falcon隼
fat脂肪
fauna动物群
feathers羽毛
fingernail指甲
flock羊群
food chain食物链
frog青蛙
gland腺体
gorilla大猩猩
grasshopper蚂蚱
habitat动物旳生活环境
hair毛发
hatch孵化
herbivorous食草旳
debris碎片,岩屑
decomposition分解；腐烂
delta三角洲
demolish破坏,粉碎
deposit堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床
desert沙漠
diamond钻石
diffuse传播,扩散
disintegration (decomposition)分解
dispose解决,处置
distribute散布,分布
barren贫瘠旳
basin盆地
bay海湾
bored hole
canal运河
canyon峡谷
cataclysm劫难；大洪水；地震
cavern (cave)大洞
channel (strait)海峡
chilly寒冷旳
cliff悬崖
coast
coastland沿海地区
iBT词汇
A1. abandon=left 被遗弃的2. aberrant=abnormal 脱离常轨的3. abort=quit 夭折，中止4. abruptly=suddenly 突然地，意外地5. absorb=take in 吸收；被吸进6. absorb=appeal 吸收；被吸进7. absorb=learn(学习）吸收8. abstract=no concrete 抽象的；非实际的9. absurd=ridiculous 荒谬的，可笑的10. abundance=large amount 大量11. abundance=great number 大量12. abundant=affluent 丰富的；大量的13. abundant=ample 丰富的，大量的14. abundant=numerous 丰富的，大量的15. abundant=plentiful 丰富的，大量的16. abundant=substantial 丰富的，大量的17. access=reach 接近18. accessible=easy to reach 易接近的19. accessible=reachable 可接近的20. accidental=unexpected 意外的，偶然的21. accommodate=provide for 提供22. accomplished=achieved 实现的，完成的23. account=description 说明24. account for=explain 说明25. accumulate= pile up 积累，聚集26. accumulate=collect 累积，聚集27. accurate=correct 正确的28. accurately=correctly 正确地29. be accustomed to=get used to 习惯30. acknowledge=recognize 承认31. actually=in fact 事实上32. added=extra 附加的，额外的33. adept=skilled 熟练的34. adherent=supporter 拥护者35. adjacent=nearby 毗连的36. adjacent=neighboring 毗连的37. adjust=modify 调整，改变以适应38. adopt=enact 采用39. advance=improvement 发展，增长40. advent=arrival 出现，到来41. advent=beginning 出现，到来42. affair=matter 事件，事情43. afford=provide 提供，给予44. aggravate=increase 加重，加剧45. aggravate=annoy 使...恼火46. aggregate=overall 聚集的，合计的47. aggregate=combined 聚集的，合计的48. agile=astute 灵活的；敏捷的49. agile=clever 灵活的，敏捷的50. agile=move and act quickly 灵活的，敏捷的51. air=feeling 气氛52. alarm=warning 警告53. alarm=sound 警报54. albeit=even though 尽管，虽然55. allow=enable 允许56. allude=suggest 暗示57. allude to= refer to 提到58. ally with=link to 结盟；联合59. alter=change to 改变60. amazing=remarkable 令人惊讶的，非凡的61. ambiguous=vague 模棱两可的；不明确的62. ambivalent=mixed 矛盾的63. ample=plentiful 充足的；丰富的64. anchor=hold in place 使固定65. ancient=antique 古老的66. annihilate=destroy 消灭67. annihilate=completely remove 消灭68. annually=yearly 每年69. anomaly=irregularity 异常的人或物70. antagonist=competitor 对手；敌手71. anticipate=expect 预期72. antiseptic=clean 抗菌的73. antithesis=opposite 对立面74. antler=horn 鹿角75. anxiety=worry 忧虑，担心76. apart from=except for 除了...之外77. apart from=exception 除了...之外78. apparatus=equipment 仪器，设备79. apparent=obvious 显然的80. apparently=clearly 显然地81. appeal=attraction 吸引力82. broad appeal=wide popularity 广泛的吸引力83. appealing=attractive 有吸引力的84. appear=seem 似乎85. appearance=rise 出现86. appearance=showing up 出现87. appearance=arrival 出现88. application=use 应用89. appreciable=noticeable 相当可观的90. approach=method 方法91. approach= move toward 接近92. approximately=roughly 大约地93. architecture=structure 构造94. archive=record 存档95. archive=stock 存档96. archive=store 存档97. arduous=difficult 艰巨的98. arid=dry 干旱的99. arise=emerge 出现100. arrangement=configuration 安排，布置101. array=range 一系列102. article=item 物品103. article=object 物品104. as a rule=in general 通常105. assert=declare 断言，宣称106. assertion=strong statement 断言，主张107. assertion=strong statement 断言，主张108. asset=advantage 资产，有力条件109. assimilate=combine 同化110. assistant=help 帮助，协助111. assorted=various 各式各样的112. assume=believe 假定，假想113. assume=take on 承担114. assumption=premise 假设、115. astonishing =amazing 惊人的116. astute=clever 敏锐的117. attachment=preference for 依恋118. attain=achieve 达到，获得119. attainment=accompanying 伴随的120. attest to=confirm 证实121. attribute=accredit 归于，认为122. attribute=credit with 归于，认为123. attribute=characteristic 特征124. attribution=character 属性125. augment=increase 增加，提高126. available=obtainable 可获得的127. avenue=method 途径，手段128. avenue=means 途径，手段129. avid=enthusiastic=热衷的130. be aware of=familiar with 了解B131. barely=just 仅仅132. barge=boat 驳船133. barrier=obstacle 障碍134. barrier=impediment 障碍135. visual barrier =obstacle to view 视觉障碍136. battle=struggle 搏斗，奋斗137. beckon=invite 召唤，引诱138. be beforehand=foreordain 预先139. being=creature 生命140. beneficial=advantageous 有益的141. blossom= flourish 兴旺142. blossom=thrive 兴旺143. boast=puff 自吹自擂地说，吹嘘144. boast=exaggerate 自吹自擂的说，吹嘘145. bombard=assail 炮击，轰击146. bombard=assault 炮击，轰击147. bombard=strike 炮击，轰击148. boom= expansion 激增，暴涨149. boon=great benefit 利益150. boost= raise 增加，提高151. boundary=periphery 边界152. branch=division 分支153. breed=reproduce 繁殖，饲养154. brilliant=bright 光辉的，明亮的155. brittle=breakable 脆弱的156. brittle=fragile 脆弱的157. broadly= generally 大体上158. broadly=extensively 大体上159. bulk=great quantity 大部分160. bulk=majority 大部分161. bulk=large portion 大部分162. bulk= large part 大部分163. bulk=major part 主体164. burgeon=expand 急速成长165. bustling=lively 活跃的、C166. camouflage=blend with circumstance 伪装167. camouflage=decorate 伪装168. camouflage=hide 伪装169. cardinal=fundamental 基本的170. cargo=shipment 船货，货物171. celebrated=famous 著名的172. central=essential 主要的173. certain=specified 指定的174. chancy=risky 冒险的175. channel=direct 引导176. channel=guide 引导177. channel=provide 提供帮助178. chaotic=disorganized 混乱的179. cherish=value 珍爱180. chief=major 主要的181. chisel=carve 刻，凿182. choose=opt 选择183. chronic=persistent 长期的，不断的184. chronic=confirmed 长期的，不断的185. chronic=habitual 长期的，不断的186. chronic=inveterate 长期的，不断的187. chronically=constantly 长期地188. circuitous=indirect 迂回的189. circumstance=condition 环境，境况190. cite=quote 引用191. classic=typical 典型的192. clear=visible 容易看见的193. cling to =attach to 附着194. close=careful 严肃的，周密的195. clue=hint 线索196. coating=cover 覆盖层197. coincide with=be at the same time as 同时发生198. collaborate=cooperate 合作199. collaboration=joint effect 合作成果200. collect=gather 收集201. collide with=run into 碰撞202. collide=hit each other 碰撞203. commemorate=celebrate 庆祝，纪念204. compact=compressed（结实的）紧密的，简明的205. compact=concise 紧密的，简明的206. comparable=equivalent 可比较的207. compel=push 强迫208. compelling=convincing 令人信服的209. compensate=reimburse 赔偿，补偿210. compensate for=balance 赔偿，补偿211. complaint=protest 抗议212. complement=supplement 补充物213. complement=add to 补充214. completely=totally 完全地215. complex=elaborate 复杂的216. complex=system 复合物，综合体217. complicated=made things more difficult 复杂的218. complicated=complex 复杂的219. component=constituent 组成的220. composition=mixture 合成物221. comprehensive=understandable 能理解的222. comprehensive= complete 全部的223. comprise=form 组成224. comprise=make up 组成225. concern=interest 感兴趣226. conclusive=final 最后的227. conclusive=ultimately 最后的228. conductive=contributive 有助于...的229. configuration=form 布局，结构230. configuration=arrangement 布局，结构231. confine=limit 限制232. confront=face 面临233. congeal=solidify 使凝结234. consecutive=successive 连续的235. consequence=importance 结果，重要性236. consequent=later 随后的237. consequent=resultant 作为结果的238. consequent=resulting 作为结果的239. consequential=significant 重要的240. consequently=therefore 因此241. consequently=thus 因此242. conserve=save 保存243. consider=think about 考虑，认为244. consider=think as 考虑，认为245. consider=view as 考虑，认为246. considerable=substantial 相当大的247. consist of =compose of 由...组成248. consistent=regular 一致的249. be consistent with= be compatible with一致的250. consistently=regularly 一致的251. conspicuous=notable 明显的252. constant=stable 固定的，不变的253. constantly=always 经常，不断地254. constellation=collection 一系列，一群255. constellation=combination 一系列，一群256. constitution=component 构造257. constrain=restrict 限制258. constrain=limit 限制259. constraint=restriction 限制260. consume=et up 消耗；吃；喝261. contemplate=consider 沉思262. contentious=disputed 好争吵的263. continual=constant 不间断的，连续的264. continuous=uninterrupted 连续的，持续的265. on the contrary=whereas(然而，反之）恰恰相反266. contrive=create 发明267. contrive=invent 发明268. conventional=customary 习惯的，惯例的269. conventional=traditional 习惯的，惯例的270. converging=concentrating 收缩的，汇聚的271. convert=transform 使转变272. convert into=change to 转变成273. convict=condemn 宣判274. convict=sentence 宣判275. convict=doom(判决）宣判276. conviction=belief 相信，信念277. conviction=strong belief 坚定的信念278. cope with=deal with 应付，处理279. cope with=handle 应付，处理280. core=center 核心，要点281. correspondence=harmony 一致282. corroborate=confirm 证实，确证283. costly=expensive 贵重的，昂贵的284. counsel=advise 忠告、285. counter=oppose 反对286. counter of =in the opposite of 相反的287. counterpart=equivalent(同等物）副本，复本288. counterpart=similitude(类似物）复本，副本289. counterpart=version(版本）副本，复本290. countervail=compensate 抵消，对抗291. countervail=oppose 抵消，抵抗292. copious=plentiful 丰富的，大量的293. couple=associate 与...联系起来294. covered=included 隐蔽的，有盖的295. crawl=move 爬行，移动296. create=invent 创作，产生297. creative=inventive 创造的298. crest=peak 顶峰299. critical=crucial 关键的300. critical=essential 关键的301. criticize=debate（争论，辩论）批评，责备302. crucial=important 重要的303. crucially=decisively 关键地304. crushed=ground 碾碎了的305. cumbersome=awkward 笨的，麻烦的306. cumbersome=clumsy 笨重的，麻烦的307. cumbersome=unwieldy 笨重的，麻烦的308. curb=control 控制，遏止309. current=present 现在的D310. dam=block 筑坝；控制311. dangle=hang 悬摆；吊312. daring= bold 大胆的313. debate=argue 辩论，争论314. decimate=destroy 大量毁灭315. decimation=destruction 大量毁灭316. degree=extent 程度317. degree=measure 程度318. delicate=dainty 易碎的，精美的319. deluxe=lavish 奢华的320. delight=pleasure 高兴，愉快321. demand=need 需要，需求322. in great demand=in popularity 普遍323. demise=extinction 死亡324. demography=population 人口统计325. dense=crowded 稠密的，密集的326. depend=rely on 依赖，依靠327. dependable=reliable 可信赖的328. depict=describe 描述329. depict=portray 描写，描绘330. deposit=lay down 放下，放置331. depletion=drain 消耗，用尽332. deposit=accumulate 沉积333. derive=arise 源于，导出334. design=create 设计335. designate=identify 命名，指定336. detractor=critic(批评者）诽谤者，恶意批评者、337. detrimental=harmful 有害的，不利的338. deviate=digress 偏离339. deviation=departure 背离340. devise=create 设计，发明341. devoid of =without 缺乏的342. devoid of=scant of 缺乏的343. devoted=dedicated 虔诚的，专心致志的344. devoted=concentrated on 虔诚的，专心致志的345. devoted to=concentrated on 虔诚的，专心致志的346. dictate=order 命令347. dictate=determine 口授；命令348. differential=uneven 差别的；独特的349. diffuse=spread out 扩散；散布350. diffuse=travel 扩散，散布351. diligent=careful 勤奋的352. diligently=carefully 勤奋地353. dilute=reduce 稀释，使薄弱354. dim=decrease 变暗淡355. disassemble= break apart 拆开356. disassemble=break up 拆开357. disband=dismiss 解散，遣散358. discard=throw up 摒弃，丢弃359. discard=throw away 摒弃，丢弃360. discernible=noticeable 可辨别的361. discernible=discriminating 可辨别的362. discharge=release 释放363. disentangle=disband 解开364. disgust=distaste 厌恶365. disintegrate=break apart 分解，碎裂、366. disintegrate=fall apart 分解，碎裂367. disintegrate= tear apart 分解，碎裂368. dismantle=demolish 拆开，拆除369. disorder=anarchy 混乱370. dispensable=not necessary 非必要的371. dispersal=distribution 散布，驱散372. displace=move out of position 迫使（人）离开373. disposition=temperament 性格，性情374. dispute=contention 争论，争执375. dispute=argument 争论，争执376. dissipate=disperse 驱散377. dissipated=dispersed 分散的378. dissuade=discourage 劝阻379. distinct=clear and recognizable 清楚的，明确的380. distinction=difference 差别381. distinction=excellence 优秀，卓越382. distinction=honor 荣誉383. distinctive=characteristic 有特色的384. distinguish=notice from the difference 区别，设别385. distribute=spread 分配，散布386. distribution=geographic range 分布区域387. distribution=dispersion 散布388. disturb=upset 打扰，扰乱389. diverse=distinct 不同的390. diversity=variety 多样性391. divest=get rid of 剥夺392. divest=deprive 剥夺393. domestic=home 家庭的，国内的394. dormant=hibernated 休眠的395. dramatically=greatly 戏剧性地396. drastic=extreme 激烈的，极端的397. drastically=obviously 大大地，彻底地、398. drastically=severely 大大地，彻底地399. dual=double 双的，双重的400. duplicate=copy 复制401. duplicate=repeat 复本402. durable=lasting 经久的，持久的403. duration=length 为期E404. earn=acquire 赢得，赚得405. ease=facilitate （使容易）使减轻，使缓和406. eccentric=erratic 古怪的，反常的407. eccentric=strange 古怪的，反常的408. efface=eliminate 消去409. elaborate=detailed 精巧的，详尽的410. elaborate=dainty 精巧的，详尽的411. elapsed=passed 过去的，经过的412. element=weather condition （恶劣的）天气413. eliminate= remove 排除，消除414. elusive= difficult to catch 难懂的，难以捉摸的415. emanate=emerge 散发，产生416. embark on=start 从事（着手）417. embed =insert 插入,植入418. embed=enclose 插入，植入419. emergence=appearance 出现420. emergency=crisis 紧急情况421. emergent=developing 新兴的422. employ=use 利用423. enable=allow 使能够424. enactment=establishment 制定425. encapsulate=state briefly 概述426. encourage=stimulate 激励，刺激427. endangered=not abundant 濒临灭绝的428. endeavor=enterprise 努力429. endow=bestow 捐赠430. engulf=swallow 吞没431. enhance=improve 增高，增强432. enhance=intensify 提高，增强433. enjoy=experience 经历434. enlist=obtain 谋取（支持、赞助等）、435. enormous=great 巨大的436. enrich=enhance 使富足437. ensue=result 因产生438. ensuring=subsequent 接着发生的439. ensure=guarantee 保证、担保440. entail=involve 牵涉441. enthusiastic=eager 热情的442. be entitled=have the right 有...权力443. environment=setting 环境444. ephemeral=short-lived 短暂的445. ephemeral=transient 短暂的446. episode=event 事件447. equilibrium=balance 平衡448. era=period 时代，年代449. eradicate=remove completely 根除，消灭450. erect=build 建立451. erratic=unpredictable 不稳定的，古怪452. erratic=irregular 不稳定的，古怪的453. escalate=extend 逐步扩大454. essential=crucial 极其重要的455. established=qualified 已制定的456. establishment=formation（构成）建立,创立457. estimation=evaluation 估计458. euphoric=extremely happy459. evaluate=judge 评价460. eventual=later 最后的461. eventually=later 最后462. eventually=ultimately 最后463. evidence=proof 证据464. evident=apparent 明显的465. evident=obvious 明显的466. evoke=arouse 唤起，引起467. evoke=create in the mind 唤起，引起468. evoke=draw 唤起，引起469. evoke=produce 引起，唤起470. evoke=promote 引起，唤起471. evoke=stimulate 唤起，引起472. exaggerate=overstate 夸张，夸大473. excavate=dig out 挖掘474. exceed= beyond above 超越，胜过475. exceeded=surpass 超越，胜过476. exceedingly=extremely 极其，非常477. excess=go beyond 超越，胜过478. exclusively=only 专门地，独占地479. excrete=expel 排泄，分泌480. exercise=use 运用481. exhausted=tried 筋疲力尽的482. exhausted=used up 耗尽的，用完的483. exhibit=demonstrate 展示，陈列484. exhibit=display 展示，陈列485. expand=stretch 展开，增长486. expand=increase 展开，增长487. expanse=area 一大片区域488. expansive=large 广阔的489. expediency=advantage(利益，优势），方便，利己、490. expediency=convenience 放便，利己491. expedient=fitting 权宜的，方便的492. expend=use 耗尽493. explicit=obvious 明确的，清楚的494. explicitly=clear 明确地495. exploit=take advantage of 利用496. exploit=make use of 利用497. exploit=utilize 利用498. explore=investigate 探测，探索499. expose to =subject to（遭受）使经历500. express=communicate 表达501. extant=existing 现存的，尚在的502. extant=not extinct 现存的，尚存的503. extant=remaining 现存的，尚存的504. extend=stretch 延伸505. become extinct=die out 灭绝506. extol=praise 赞美507. extraneous=inessential 无关的，外来的508. extraneous=from outside 无关的，外来的509. extraordinary=exceptional 异常的510. exude=give off 渗出，发散511. exude= release 渗出，发散F512. fabricate=produce 制造513. in fact=actually 事实上514. far-reaching=extensive 深远的，广泛的515. far-reaching=broad 深远的，广泛的516. fascinating=extremely attractive 迷人的517. fashion=way 样子，方式518. fashion=make 形成，造519. fashionable=popular 流行的，时尚的520. feasible=practical 可实行的521. feast=eating 盛宴560. gap=opening 缺口，裂口561. gear=adjust 使适合562. generate=produce 产生563. genuinely=actually 真诚地564. given=particular 规定的，特定的565. govern=regulate 统治，管理566. govern=control 统治，管理567. grasp=understand 领会，理解568. groom=make up 装扮，使整洁569. groom=clean 装扮，使整洁570. groundless=unfounded 无根据的571. grounds=reasons 根据，理由572. groundwork=base 基础573. groundwork=basis 基础574. grudging=unenthusiastic 勉强的575. guarantee=ensure 保证，担保H576. hallmark=characteristic 戳记，标志577. hamper=district 妨碍，束缚578. hamper=restrict 妨碍，束缚579. hamper=make difficultly 妨碍，束缚580. handy=convenient 便利的，灵活的581. haphazard =random 随意的582. harness=utilize 利用583. harsh=drastic 严厉的，严酷的584. hasty=hurried 匆匆的，急忙的585. haul=pull 拖，拉586. havoc=destruction 浩劫587. hazard=danger 危险588. heed=notice 留心注意589. heighten=increase 增加，提高590. heir=inheritor 继承人，后继者591. hence=therefore 因此592. heritage=legacy 遗产，传统593. heritage=tradition 遗产，传统594. heterogeneous=varied 由不同种类组成的595. hide=conceal 隐藏596. hinder=interfere with 妨碍597. hint=clue 暗示，迹象598. hint=implication 暗示，迹象599. hint=indication 暗示，迹象600. hint=lead 暗示，迹象601. hire=employ 雇佣602. hobby=pastime 嗜好603. hold=support 支撑，保持604. hold=keep up 支撑，保持605. hollow=an empty space 中空606. homogeneous=uniform 同种的607. host of =great number 大量608. however=yet 然而609. hub=center 中心610. huge=large 巨大的611. hurdle=fence 用篱笆围612. hypothetical=supposed 假设的，假定的I613. ice sheet=glacier 冰原614. identical=the same 同样的615. idiosyncrasies=peculiarity 特性616. ignite=set on fire 点燃617. illusion=impression (印象）错觉，幻象618. immediately=closest 接近，紧接着619. immense=great 巨大的620. immense=huge 巨大的621. immense=vast 巨大的622. immensely=extremely 非常623. immigration =movement 移居624. immobile=fixed 固定的，静止的625. immobility=absence of motion 固定，静止626. immoral=indecent 不道德的627. immoral=improper 不道德的628. impermeable=impenetrable 不能渗透的629. impermeable=impervious 不能渗透的630. impetus =stimulus 刺激，促进631. implausible=unbelievable 难以置信的632. implement=tool 工具633. imply=indicate 意味634. imposing=impressive 给人深刻印象的635. imprecise=inexact 不精确的636. improbable=unlikely 不像会发生的637. inaccessible=unreachable 难接近的638. inadvertently=unintentionally 非故意地639. inadvertently=without knowing 非故意地640. inauspicious=unfavorable 不吉利的641. incidentally=by the way 顺便一提642. inclement=unfavorable （气候）严酷的643. be inclined=tend 倾向644. inconceivable=unimaginable 难以置信的645. inconclusive=without result(毫无结果)不确定的646. incorporate=include 包含647. incorporate=merge 吸收，并入648. incursion=invasion 入侵649. indicate=demonstrate 指示，指出650. indigenous=native 本土的，土生土长的651. indispensable=significant(重要的）必不可少的652. indispensable=essential 不可缺少的653. indispensable=necessary 不可缺少的654. indispensable=needed 不可缺少的655. indispensable=required 不可缺少的656. indispensable=vital 不可缺少的657. induce=to bring 引起658. induce=cause 引起659. ineffectively=without any result 无效地660. inert=monition-less 迟缓的，惰性的661. inert=motiveless 迟缓的，惰性的662. inevitable=unavoidable 不可避免的663. inference=conclusion 推断的结果664. infirm=weak 不坚定的；衰弱的665. inflate=expand 膨胀，扩大666. infrastructure=foundation 基础建设667. ingenious=very clever 心灵手巧的668. ingenuity=cleverness 心灵手巧的，独创性669. ingenuity=creativeness 心灵手巧；独创性670. ingenuity=inventiveness 心灵手巧；独创性671. ingenuity=resourcefulness 心灵手巧；独创性672. inherent=essential 内在的，固有的673. inherent=internal 内在的，固有的674. inherent=instinctive 与生俱来的675. inherent in= characteristic of 与生俱来的676. inherently=essentially 固有地677. inhibit=hinder 约束；抑制678. inhospitable=unfavorable 冷淡的；不适宜的679. inhospitable=adverse 冷淡的，不适宜的680. initial=first 最初的681. initially=originally 最初；开头682. initiate=begin 开始；创始683. initiate=start 开始，创始684. innovation=new 革新，创新685. innovative=new 创新的686. inordinate=excessive 过度的687. instant=moment 片刻；瞬间688. instantaneous=immediate 即刻的689. instigate=incite 唆使；煽动690. instructive=informative 富有教育意义的691. insufficient=inadequate 不足的692. intact=untouched 完好的693. intangible=nonmaterial 无形的694. intangible=immaterial 无形的695. integral=essential 构成整体所需要的696. intense=strong 强烈的697. intentionally=deliberately 有意地，故意地698. intermediate=in-between 中间的；媒介699. intimate=close 亲密的700. intricate=carefully shaped 复杂的701. intricate=carefully shaped 复杂的702. intricate=complex 复杂的703. intricate=interest 引发，兴趣704. intriguing=fascinating 迷人的705. intrinsic=essential 本质的，内在的706. intrinsic=inherent 本质的，内在的707. intrusive=invasive 侵入的708. invade=move into 入侵，侵犯709. invaluable=highly useful 极宝贵的710. invariable=always 始终如一地711. invent=devise 发明712. inviolable=without exception 不可违背的713. inviolable=allowing no attack 不可违背的714. invoke=appeal 恳求，祈求715. irrecoverable=permanent 不可挽回的716. irreparable=permanent 不可挽回的717. isolated=separated 孤立的，分离的JK718. jettison=release 抛弃719. jolt=shock 震动；震惊720. judge=estimate 评判721. junction=connection 连接，接合722. juncture=connection 连接，接合723. justified=right 正当的724. justify=prove 证明...是正当的725. key=significant 重要的，关键的L726. lading=cargo 货物727. lading=shipment 货物728. landscape=scenery 风景，景色729. large=extensive 大的，大量的730. largely=mostly 大部分；主要地731. launch=initial 发起，发动732. launch=initiate 发动，发起733. launch=start 发动，发起734. legitimacy=authority 合法性735. of legitimacy=lawful 合法的736. legitimately=properly 正当地，合法地737. leisure=free time 闲暇738. leisurely=slowly 从容不迫地739. lethal=fateful 致命的740. lethal=deadly 致命的741. liberal=extensive 宽大的742. of likelihood=probable 可能的743. liken to =compare 比较744. likewise=similarly 同样地745. linger=wander 徘徊，漫步746. linger=stroll 徘徊，漫步747. link=put together 连接，结合748. link=consist of 连接，结合749. link=connect 连接750. listening=advertent 留神听的751. livelihood=means of support 生活，生计752. locale=place 现场，场所753. locate=find 找出754. lucrative=profitable 有利益的755. luxuriant=thriving 茂盛的M756. magnify=enlarge 放大757. magnitude=extent 巨大；广大758. magnitude=amount 量，大小759. maintain=continue 维持，使继续760. majestic=magnificent 壮观的761. make their way= travel 前进762. malleable=pliable 可塑的763. mandatory=required 强制的，义务的764. mandatory=obligatory 强制的，义务的765. manifest=reveal 表现；显现766. manipulate=control 操纵767. marked=considerable 显著的768. markedly=distinctly 显著地769. mask=cover 遮蔽，掩护，伪装770. mask=disguise 遮蔽；掩护；伪装771. massive=enormous 巨大的772. massive=huge 巨大的773. mastery=control 控制774. matter=issue 问题，事件775. maximum=greatest size 最大量776. mean=average 平均值777. merely=no more than 仅仅778. merely=only 仅仅779. merely=simply 仅仅780. merge=blend 合并，融合781. merge=combine 合并，融合782. meticulously=carefully 小心地783. microbe=germ 微生物，细菌784. milestone=significant events 里程碑785. milky way=galaxy 银河786. mimic=imitate 模仿787. mimic=copy 模仿788. miniature=small 微型的789. minuscule=tiny 微型的790. minute=very small 微小的791. minute=tiny 微小的792. minutely=in detail 详细地；精密地793. minutely=finely 详细地；精密地794. mirror=reflect 反映，反射795. misconception=wrong idea 误解796. misleading=erroneous 使人误解的797. misleading=inaccurate 使人误解的798. misunderstanding=wrong idea 误解799. misunderstanding= false idea 误解800. mock=pretend 模仿801. modest=limited(有限的）适度的802. modest=not too large（不大的）适度的803. modification=alteration 修改，改变804. momentous=significant 重要的805. monitor=observe 监控，监视806. monopolize=dominate 独占；垄断807. monotone=tedious 单调的，乏味的808. monotonous=boring 单调的，无聊的809. moreover=additionally 此外810. moreover=in addition 此外811. motif=pattern 图案812. set in motion=start 开动813. mount=grow 增长814. mount=increase 增长815. mundane=material 世俗的，平凡的816. mundane=ordinary 世俗的，平凡的817. myriad=countless 大量的，无数的818. myriad=innumerable 大量的，无数的819. myriad=numerous 大量的，无数的820. myriad=innumerable 大量的，无数的N821. narrow=limit 使变窄822. nature=character 天性，本质823. nearly=almost 几乎，差不多824. necessary=required 必要的825. needless to say= obvious 不用说826. nevertheless=however 然而，尽管827. nevertheless=however 然而，尽管828. nevertheless=in spite of 然而，尽管、829. nocturnal=nightmare 夜间的830. notable=important 显著的，重要的831. notable=outstanding 显著的，重要的832. note=record 记录833. have nothing to do with= in no relation 不相干834. noticeable=obvious 显而易见的835. notwithstanding=despite 虽然，尽管O836. objective=purpose 目标837. oblige=force 强迫838. obscure=conceal 使变暗，遮掩839. obscure=hide 使模糊840. obscure=unclear 模糊的841. obscure=not clear 模糊的842. obsession with= fixation on 痴迷，迷恋843. obtain=acquire 取得，获得844. obvious=evident 明显的845. occasion=event 重大活动846. offset=make up 补偿，抵消847. offset=compensate 补偿，抵消848. offset=balance 补偿，抵消849. old male=aged male 老人850. omit=exclude 遗漏，删去851. omit=neglect 遗漏，删去852. ongoing=current 进__________行的853. onset=beginning 开始854. onset=start 开始855. opaque=impenetrable 难以理解的856. optimal=most advantageous 最佳的857. option=choice 选项，选择858. orchestrate=stage-manage 精心安排859. orientation=perspective 观点860. orientation=introduction 介绍861. originally=at the first 起初，原来、862. ornament=decorate 装饰的863. ornamental=decorative 装饰的864. ornamentation=decoration 装饰865. outbreak=sudden increase 爆发，突然发生866. outcome=result 结果867. outermost=farthermost away 最远的868. overview=summary 概要869. overwhelming=powerful 压倒性的PQ870. pacify=assuage 使平静871. paradox=contrary 相反，矛盾872. paradoxically=seemingly contradictory似是而非地873. parcel out=distribute 把...分成几份874. pare away=remove 修掉；削减875. patch=spot 斑点876. patch=area 小块土地877. partly=in some degree 部分地878. peak=highest point 高峰(期）879. peak=maximum 高峰（期）880. peak=time of the greatest period 高峰（期）881. peculiar=strange 奇怪的，独特的882. penetrate=enter 穿入，穿透883. perceptible=appreciable 可感知的884. perceptible=noticeable 可感知的885. peril=danger 危险886. perilous=dangerous 危险的887. perilous=hazardous 危险的888. perilous=toxic 危险的889. periodically=from time to time 周期性地890. periodically=regularly 周期性地891. perishable=easy to spoil 易腐坏的892. permanent=lasting 永恒893. permeate=penetrate 渗透，弥漫894. permit=allow 允许895. perpetual=constant 永久的，连续的896. persist=continue 坚持，持续897. persist=last 坚持，持续898. persistent=long lasting 耐久的899. personality=character 个性，性格900. pertinent=relevant 相关的901. pervasive=widespread 普遍的902. phenomenal=extraordinary 异常的903. phenomena=events 现象904. phenomenon=observable fact 现象905. phenomenon=occurrence 现象906. piecing=joining 接合907. pigment=color 色素908. pigmentation=coloring （生物的）天然色素909. pigmentation=dye 染色910. pinnacle=high point 顶点，顶峰911. pinpoint=describe precisely 准确地解释或说明912. pinpoint=clearly identify 准确地解释或说明913. pinpoint =precise 精确的914. plausible=believable 貌似有理的915. pledge=promise 保证，誓言916. plumage=feature 羽毛917. within the ordinary citizen's918.pocketbook=affordable 负担得起的919. popular=widespread 流行的，广泛的920. popular=broad appeal 流行的，广泛的921. pore=hole 毛孔，细孔922. portion=part 一部分923. portion=constituent 一部分924. pose=place 摆姿势，展现925. pose=present 摆姿势，展现926. posit=propose 断定，假定927. posit=suggest 断定，假定928. posit=assume 断定，假定929. postulate=presume 假定930. postulate= hypotheses 假定931. potent=powerful 有力的932. potential=possible 潜在的，可能的933. practically=nearly 几乎，差不多934. precarious=insecure 不稳定的，危险的935. precede=by beyond 高于，超出936. precede=come before 在...之前937. precious=valuable 宝贵的938. precipitate=bring about 使...突然发生939. precision=accuracy 精确，正确940. preclude=rule out 排除，阻止941. predicament=difficult situation 尴尬的处境，困境942. predicament=serious situation 尴尬943. prediction=prophecy 预言944. predominant=most aggressive 占优势的945. predominant =very noticeable 占优势的946. predominant=principal 占优势的947. predominantly =primitively 占优势地948. predominately=mainly 主要地949. preeminent=foremost 卓越的，显著的950. premise=assumption 假定，前提951. premise=assume 假定，前提952. preoccupation with =concentration on专注于953. preordain=appoint 预定，注定954. preordain=foreordain 预定，注定955. preordain=ordain 预定，注定956. prerequisite=requirement 必要条件957. prerequisite=something needed to happen 必要条件958. prerequisite=something required 必要条件959. preserve=protect 保存，保护960. preserve=retain 保存，保护961. preserve=save 保存，保护962. presumable=probably 可推测的，可能有的963. prevailing=dominant 占优势的俄964. prevailing=popular 流行的965. prevalent=prevailing 普遍的，流行的966. prevalent=common 普遍的，流行的967. previous=past 先前的，以往的968. previously=before 以前，早先969. primarily=mainly 主要地970. primary=dominant 主要的971. primitive=early 原始的972. principal=essential 主要的973. principal=major 主要的974. principle=rule 原则，原理975. principle=standard 原则，原理976. prior=previous 在先的，在前的977. priority=ranking preference 优先978. pristine=pure 清新的，淳朴的979. prized=valued 有价值的980. probe=explore 探查，探测981. process =purify（提纯，精炼）加工982. procure=obtain 获得，取得983. procure=acquire 获得，取得984. profoundly=far-reaching 深深地985. programmed=determined 计划的986. prohibitive=unaffordable 抑止的、987. projection=estimate 推测，估计988. proliferation=increase 增产，增加989. prolifically=abundantly 多产地990. prolong=extend 延长991. prominent=eminent 显著的992. prominent=outstanding 卓越的，重要的993. prominent=principal 卓越的，重要的994. promote=encourage 促进，增长995. pronounced=clear 明显的，显著的996. pronounced =definite 明显的，显著的997. pronounced=notable 明显的，显著的998. propagate=reproduce 繁殖999. propel=push 推进，激励1000. property=characteristic 特性，属性1001. property=quality 特性，属性、1002. proponent=supporter 拥护者1003. prosper=succeed 成功，兴旺1004. prosperous=model 原型1005. prototype=model 原型1006. protrude=extend 伸出，凸出1007. protrude=stick out 伸出，凸出、1008. provoke=elicit 激起，导致1009. prowess=ambition(雄心）英勇1010. prowess=expertise 非凡的技能1011. proximity=closeness 接近1012. proximity=nearness 接近。
新托福iBT词汇分类突破-常见熟词辟义列表-李笑来
新托福iBT词汇分类突破–常见熟词辟义列表o address [əˈdres] v.应付,处理(问题等)o aging [ˈeidʒiŋ] n.陈酿o appropriate [əˈprəupriit] v.擅用,挪用,占用,盗用o article [ˈɑ:tikl] n.物品;制品,商品o arrested [əˈrestid] adj.不良的,滞留的.arrested development发育不良o articulate [ɑ:ˈtikjulit] adj.有关节的;有节的; articulate structure;n.节体动物o assume [əˈsju:m] v.承担,担任.假装,装作…的样子,采取(…态度)o bark [bɑ:k] n.树皮; 三桅帆船o bill[bil] n.账单;清; 议案,法案;.(水禽等细长而扁平的)嘴(猛禽的钩状嘴通常叫 beak )o blind [blaind] n.百叶窗o book [buk] vt.预定,定(戏位、车位等);托运(行李等)o build [bild] n.骨格,体格,成形o catch[kætʃ] n.陷阱,圈套,诡计;料不到的困难o champion [ˈtʃæmpjən] vt.维护,拥护,主张;为…而奋斗.champion a cause 维护一项事业.o chest [tʃest] n.1) 箱,函,柜,匣; 2) 银箱;金库,公款,资金o close [kləuz] adj.闷气的,闷热的o complex [ˈkɔmpleks] n.络合物,复合物,综合体o concern [kənˈsə:n] n.商行,公司;财团;康采恩;事业,业务o consume [kənˈsju:m] vi.枯萎;憔悴The flowers consumed away.花枯萎了. be consumed [away] with (envy, fever, ambition, grief)o count [kaunt] n.起诉理由,罪状.o critical [ˈkritikəl] adj.危急的;决定性的,重大的o coat [kəut] v.涂上一层(例如油漆)o cure [kjuə] v.(鱼等用腌、熏、晒、烤等的)加工保藏(法).o cut [kʌt] vt.生,长,出(牙齿)o date [deit] n.海枣o deal [di:l] n.(松等的)木板;木材,木料;adj.松木的o dear [diə] adj.昂贵的,高价的o deed [di:d] v.立契转让o default [diˈfɔ:lt] n.&v.不履行;违约;拖欠o dock [dɔk] n.草本植物vt.剥夺,扣去…的应得工资o down[daun] n.(美国)沙丘; (蒲公英等的)冠毛; 鸭绒,绒毛;(鸟的)绒羽;柔毛.汗毛,软毛,毳毛o draw [drɔ:] vt.提取(钱款); 使打成平局o drill [dril] vt.(用钢钻)钻(孔);在…上(用钢钻)钻孔o drive [draiv] n.冲力,动力;干劲;努力;魄力;精力o eat [i:t] vt.蛀;腐蚀;消磨o exploit [iksˈplɔit] n.功绩,功劳,勋绩o exponent [eksˈpəunənt] n.典型,样品o factor [ˈfæktə] n.因子,因数; 倍;乘数;商o fair [fɛə] n.(英国)定期集市,庙会.商品展览会,展销会,商品交易会o fashion [ˈfæʃən] vt.形成,铸成,造,作 (into; to)o fault [fɔ:lt] n.(地质）断层o felt [felt] n.毛毡;毛布;毡制品;油毛毡.o figure [ˈfiɡə] n.人影,人形;人物o fine [fain] n.罚款;adj.细小,精致o fly [flai] n.(男裤的）拉链o functional [ˈfʌŋkʃənl] adj.从使用的观点设计[构成]的o game [ɡeim] n.&adj.(集合词)猎物,野味;(鹄等的)群;野外游戏[游猎、鹰狩等]o give [ɡiv] n.弹性o hide [haid] n.兽皮o hit [hit] vt.偶然碰见,遭遇o hold [həuld] n.(货船）船舱o humor [ˈhju:mə] n.(眼球的)玻璃状液体;(旧时生理学所说动物的)体液;(植物的)汁液.o import [ˈimpɔ:t] n.意义,含义o inviting [inˈvaitiŋ] adj.引人注目的,吸引人的o involved [inˈvɔlvd] adj.复杂的,难缠的o issue [ˈisju:] n.&v.流出,(血、水等的)涌出; [法律]子孙,子女o jar [dʒɑ:] vi.1.给人烦躁[痛苦]的感觉,刺激 (on) 2.(发出刺耳声地)撞击 (on upon against) 3.震动,震荡(不和谐地)反响,回荡.4.(意见、行动等)不一致,冲突,激烈争吵 (with). jar on sb.给某人不快之感. o lace [leis] vt.&vi.系牢, 系紧o late [leit] adj.已去世的,已故的o lay[lei] adj.1.一般信徒的,俗人的,凡俗的 (opp.clerical).2.无经验的,外行(人)的 (opp.professional).o lead [li:d] n.铅o leave [li:v] n.1.许可,同意.2.告假,休假;假期o letter [ˈletə] n.出租人; letters 证书,许可证o literature [ˈlitəritʃə] n.文献o lot [lɔt] n.土地o make [meik] n.构造o means [mi:nz] n.财力、资产o measure [ˈmeʒə] n.准绳;韵律a measure of = is determined by; …的体现：The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs.[9810-p01-L8]o meet [mi:t] n.比赛o minute [ˈminit] adj.微小的,细小的o novel [ˈnɔvəl] adj.新的,新颖的;新奇的,珍奇的,异常的o observe [əbˈzə:v] vi.陈述意见,评述,简评 (on; upon) strange to observe 讲起来虽奇怪.I have very little to observe on what has been said.关于刚才所听到的我没什么话好讲.vt.observe silence 保持沉默.observe a rule 遵守规则.o organ[ˈɔ:ɡən] n.[音乐](教堂用的)管风琴(＝(美国) pipe organ);(足踏)风琴;手摇风琴;口琴.机构;机关;机关报[杂志];喉舌;报刊.o outstanding [ˈautˈstændiŋ] adj.未付的,未清的;未解决的;未完成的o partial [ˈpɑ:ʃəl] adj.[植物;植物学]后生的,再生的.o pen [pen] n.1.(家畜等的)围栏,槛.2.一栏[一圈]家畜.o period [ˈpiəriəd] [音乐]乐段o pile[pail] n.1.高大建筑;2.痔疮 3.软毛,绒毛;毛茸.(布、绒的)软面. o pitch [pitʃ] n.沥青;含有沥青的物质;松脂,树脂o pool [pu:l] n.[医学]淤血o pound [paund] n.兽栏v..(连续)猛击;乱敲;砰砰砰地乱弹(钢琴等),乱奏(曲子)o preserve [priˈzə:v] n.1) 禁猎区;2)蜜饯o produce [prəˈdju:s] n.物产;产品,农产品;制品,作品o project [prəˈdʒekt] v.使突出,使凸出; 伸出. The upper storey projects over the street.二楼伸出街上.o promise [ˈprɔmis] n.(前途有)希望;(有)指望o pronounced [prəˈnaunst] adj.决然的,断然的,强硬的;明白的,显著的. o provide [prəˈvaid] v.规定o providing [prəˈvaɪdɪŋ] conj.[provided] 倘若…,只要,在…条件下. o quality [ˈkwɔliti] adj.1.优质的,高级的.2.上流社会的.o quarters[ˈkwɔ:təs] n.寓所,住处;[军事]营房,驻地,营盘,宿舍;岗位. o rate[reit] v.1) 被估价;被评价 The ship rates as a ship of the line.这条船列入战列舰级.2) 申斥,斥责,骂o rear [riə] v.饲养(家畜等);抚养,教养(孩子);栽培(作物).o relief [riˈli:f] n.[雕刻]凸起;浮起,浮雕;浮雕品;[绘画]人物凸现,轮廓鲜明o rent [rent] v.1.(rend 的过去分词) 撕碎;n.[地质学;地理学]断口;(意见等的)分裂,分歧;(关系等的)破裂o retire [riˈtaiə] vi.就寝,去睡觉o run [rʌn] n.丝袜上的洞o save [seiv] conj.除了o say [sei] n.发言权o scale[skeil] n.阶梯,梯子;v.用梯子爬上;爬越,攀登;n.天平;n.鳞;(锅垢、锈)v.剥鳞/垢、锈o school [sku:l] n.(鱼、鲸等水族动物的)群;队. a school of dolphins 一群海豚.o score [skɔ:] n.[音乐]总谱,乐谱;(电影歌舞等的)配乐o scores [skɔ:z] n.许多 scores of fossil remainso screen [skri:n] n.筛子o season [ˈsi:zən] vt.1.使熟练;使(习)惯.2.风干;晒干(木材);晾干,对…进行干燥处理;使陈化.3.使适应(气候等).4.给…加味[调味].5.给…增加趣味.6.缓和,调和.o secretary [ˈsekrətəri] n.1.(上部附有书橱的)写字台.2.书写体大写铅字.o secure [siˈkjuə] vt.搞到;把…拿到手;得到;获得o serve [sə:v] vi.[网球]开球;发球o shower [ˈʃauə] n.(美)(为新娘等举行的)送礼会;(婚前、产后)的聚会o shrink [ʃriŋk] n.精神病医师o sound[saund] vi.1.测水深;探测(上层空气).2.试探(别人的意见);调查(可能性).3.(鱼或鲸鱼)突然潜入海底.o sow [səu] n.大母猪o spell [spel] vt.1.招致,带来; 2.轮班,换班;替班; 3.符咒,咒语.2.吸引力,诱惑力,魔力,魅力.o spoke [spəuk] n.(车轮的)辐条o spot [spɔt] vt.认出,发现,定位o spring [spriŋ] n.弹簧;泉水v.扭伤(腿)o stand[stænd] v.忍受;n.床头柜o standard [ˈstændəd] n.直立支柱;灯台;烛台,电杆,垂直的水管(电管). o start [stɑ:t] v.(船材、钉等)松动,翘曲,歪,脱落.o stem [stem] v.起源于,起因于,(由…)发生,来自 (from out of).Correct decisions stem from correct judgments.正确的决心来自于正确的判断.o still [stil] n.蒸馏锅v.蒸馏o strain [strein] n.血统,家世;族,种;[生物学]品系,系;菌株;变种,小种.o subscribe [səbˈskraib] v.同意、赞成o stroke [strəuk] n.笔画o temper [ˈtempə] n.(黏土的)黏度;(灰泥的)稠度;o tender [ˈtendə] v.正式提出; tender one’s resignation 提出辞呈o till [til] n.[地质学;地理学]冰碛土(物)o train [trein] n.SCHEME, TRICK ; 敲门,绝技o utter [ˈʌtə] adj.完全的,十足的o vessel [ˈvesəl] n.船,舰;飞船o wage [weidʒ] v.实行,进行,发动(战争等) (on against)o way [wei] adv.(美口)…得多,远为.与 above, ahead, behind, below, down, off, out, over, up 等副词、介词连用,以加强语气. way back 老早以前. way down upon the river Thames 在老远老远的泰晤士河边. way up 还在上面;好得多. way out of balance 逆差很大很大.o weather [ˈweðə] vt.[地质学;地理学](常用被动语态)使风化o well [wel] n.井;vt.涌出,喷出(up/out/forth)o wind [wind] n.肠气,屁;v.嗅出,察觉,嗅到猎物的气味(winded/winded）;v.(winded/wound) 吹(角笛、喇叭等). wind a call 吹哨子(召唤).v.(wound/wound) 卷绕,缠绕;上发条。
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artery动脉
baboon狒狒
barren不孕育的
bat蝙蝠
beak鸟嘴
beast野兽
beaver狸
bird鸟
breed繁殖
calorie卡路里
camouflage伪装
canary金丝雀
carnivore食肉动物
carnivorous食肉的
caterpillar毛虫
caviar鱼子酱
centipede蜈蚣
frontier边境；新开发的地带
frost heaving冻涨现象
funnel漏斗
gem宝石
geographer地理学家
geography地理学
geologic survey地质调查
geologist地质学家
geology地质学
geomagnetism地磁学
geonomy地球学
geothermal地热的
chameleon变色蜥蜴
chimpanzee黑猩猩
chirp唧唧喳喳叫
cicada蝉
circulatory system循环系统
clam蚌
claw爪子
cockroach蟑螂
coelenterate腔肠动物
cold-blooded animal冷血动物
coral reef珊瑚礁
crab虾
crab螃蟹
unearth挖出
uniform相同的,一致的
unreachable无法达到的
upper reaches上游
valley山谷
vault使构成拱顶
vegetation植被
venomous有毒的
vertical垂直的
vibration振动
volcanic ash火山灰
volcanic dust火山尘
volcanic island火山岛
island岛屿
islet小岛
knot山脉的交结点
landlocked area内陆
latitude纬度
lava火山岩浆；熔岩
layer (stratum,复数strata)地层
lead铅；石墨
limestone石灰岩
lithogenous岩成的
lithosphere岩石圈
lodge小屋
longitude经度
extinct volcano死火山
extract开采,提炼
fault plane断层面
fault zone断层面
fault断层
favored有利的
fieldstone大卵石
filed trip
fold
forbidding可怕的,难接近的
formation形成；构成
former创造者,模型
frigid寒冷的
dispose处理,处置
distribute散布,分布
diversity多样性
dormant volcano休眠火山
dormant静止的
drill钻孔,钻通
earthquake (quake; tremor; seism)地震
ecological生态学的；社会生态学的
edge边缘,边界
elevation抬升；高地；海拔
plain平原
plate板块
plateau高原；高地
platinum白金，铂
poisonous有毒的
potential潜在的
precipice悬崖
precipitate使蒸汽凝结而下降
preferred首选的
prevailing占优势的
proclaim宣布,显示出
psychological心理学的
quake地震
Autarkic Circle南极圈
barren贫瘠的
basin盆地
bay海湾
bored hole
canal运河
canyon峡谷
cataclysm灾难；大洪水；地震
cavern (cave)大洞
channel (strait)海峡
chilly寒冷的
cliff悬崖
coast
coastland沿海地区
coastline海岸线
extinction灭绝
falcon隼
fat脂肪
fauna动物群
feathers羽毛
fingernail指甲
flock羊群
food chain食物链
frog青蛙
gland腺体
gorilla大猩猩
grasshopper蚂蚱
habitat动物的生活环境
hair毛发
hatch孵化
herbivorous食草的
lower reaches下游
lowland低地
magma岩浆
magnitude地震震级
make up the earth interior
mantle地幔
marble大理石
margin(湖,池等的)边缘
melt使融化
mercury汞，水银
meridian子午线
metamorphic rock mineral矿物；矿石
cycle天体的循环
dam水坝
Death Valley
debris碎片,岩屑
decomposition分解；腐烂
delta三角洲
demolish破坏,粉碎
deposit堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床
desert沙漠
diamond钻石
diffuse传播,扩散
disintegration (decomposition)分解
glacial age冰川时期
glacial drift冰碛（qi4）
glacial epoch ( age, period)冰川时期
glacial period冰川时期
glacial冰川的；冰河时代的
glacier冰川
global warming
gorge峡谷
Grand Canyon大峡谷
granite花岗岩
collide碰撞
Colorado river
compact压紧,固结
compressed扁平的
concentrate集中
conduct传导
conflicting相冲突的,不一致的
continent大陆
continental crust大陆地壳
continental drift theory大陆飘移说
North Pole北极
oasis绿洲
ocean bottom海床
oceanic crust海洋地壳
offshore向海面吹的；离岸的
orbit轨道
ore矿石
origin起源
originate起源
outer core外核
p waves
parallel平行的
peak山顶
peninsula半岛
peninsular海岛的
quartz石英
quartzite石英岩
range山脉,多山的地区
rapid
ravine峡谷
receptacle容器,内存
reclaim开垦,垦殖
reef暗礁
reformation变形
relic遗迹
remains残余物
remnant残余物
remote-sensing遥感的
remove移动
Richter scale李氏震级
metamorphic rock变质岩
mid-ocean ridge
mineral矿物
Hale Waihona Puke molten lava岩浆morphology生物学形态学
mountain chain山脉
mountain range山脉
mountain slope山坡
natural wonder
nickel镍
Nile River
Great Canyon
Greenwich mean time格林威治时间
gulf海湾
hemisphere半球
hem给...镶边；包围
highland高地
hillside山坡
homogeneous同类的
horizon地平线
horizontal水平的
hypothesize假设
ice sheet
iceberg冰山
crane鹤
creature动物
cricket蟋蟀
digestion消化
digestive enzyme消化酶
digestive system消化系统
dinosaur恐龙
die out灭绝
dolphin海豚
domesticate驯养
eagle鹰
earthworm蚯蚓
entomology昆虫学
excretory system排泄系统
herd牧群
heredity遗传
hibernate冬眠
hibernation冬眠
hive蜂巢
homotherm恒温动物
hordes游牧民族
hormonal system内分泌系统
hormone荷尔蒙，激素
horn角
hornet大黄蜂
hygiene卫生
immunity免疫
ingestion摄食
insect昆虫
sediment沉淀物
seismic activity
seismic wave地震波
seismic地震的
seismology地震学
seism地震
silver银
slide使滑动
slope斜坡
smelt冶炼
sodium钠
South Pole南极
speculate推测