English phrase 2010
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
English phrase
English phrase6、钱来之不易 Money doesn't grow on trees.7、敲竹杠 a clip joint8、生活很富裕 be well fixed9、吃了上顿没下顿 not know where the next meal comes10、发财 rake it in11、太宰人了 cost an arm and a leg13、手头紧 When the chips are down14、跟别人比阔 keep up with the Joneses15、养家糊口 bring home the bacon16、与……私通 have an illicit love affair with17、婚外恋 a double life18、深深爱上 be head over heels in love with19、与门第比自己低的人结婚 marry with the left hand22、买得便宜 buy something on the cheap23、输得精光 be taken to the cleaners24、调情 make a pass at someone25、花费 outgoings26、重要约会 a heavy date27、向……求婚 pop the question to28、把……给甩了 give somebody the air29、怀孕了 be heavy with child30、生在富贵人家 born with a silver spoon in one's mouth31、开价 make a price32、卖个好价钱 fetch a good price33、搂搂抱抱 play kissy-poo34、正经人家 a respectable family35、勾引别人的女朋友 beat somebody's time with someone37、向某人作媚眼 make eyes at38、一见钟情 take a shine to someone39、家丑 a skeleton in the closet40、婚姻破裂 marriage on the rocks41、旧情人 an old flame43、生活优裕 live high off the hog44、钱能毁了挣钱的人 Money can unmake its makers.45、有家室的人 a man of family46、好汉无好妻 Marriage goes by contrasts.47、钱花得值 get one's money's worth2、眼中钉 a thorn in someone's flesh3、馋得流口水 make someone's mouth water4、胡说八道 shooting from the hip5、各奔东西 drift apart6、呕吐 shoot the cat8、久等 cool one's heels9、各有利弊 cut both ways10、吃闭门羹 to a locked door11、哪儿都找了 look high and low12、抽筋 have a charley horse14、被叮 get stung by16、碰某人一指头Lay a finger on…18、我不骗你 I kid you not.20、经常出没于某地 haunt about a place21、拿手 be right up someone's alley22、拜倒在某人脚下 worship the ground sb. treads on23、例假 that time of the month24、坐月子 be in confinement25、闲聊 chew the rag26、从小看大 the child is father of the man27、坐牢 be caged28、满城风雨 be the talk of the town29、零零碎碎的东西 odds and ends30、生米已做成了熟饭 the die is cast31、听到风声 get wind of something32、苗头 a straw in the wind34、哪里哪里 shucks35、乱七八糟 be at sixes and sevens36、受某人支配be at the mercy of…37、扭转局势 tip the scales1. 敷衍搪塞 give someone the runaround4. 牵线搭桥 pull the strings6. 得罪某人 get in Dutch with someone7. 说别人的闲话dish the dirt about…8. 挂个电话 give a buzz9. 写封信 drop me a line10. 榨干血汗 bleed one white11. 结伙对付某人 gang up on sb.12. 无言以对not find one’s tongue13. 把人逼疯 send sb. To the loony bin14. 反手一击 turn the tables15. 瞧一眼 give someone the once-over16. 对牛弹琴 cast pearls before swine17. 拆了东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul18. 我只是私下跟你随便说说only between you and me and the gatepost19. 参与某事have a finger in the pie20. 顺手牵羊to walk away with…22. 偷看make a stealthy glance at…23. 刁难某人 make it hot for someone25. 咬紧牙关 bite the bullet26. 吓唬某人 give somebody a bluff27. 解囊相助give someone the shirt off one’s back28. 拔腿就跑take to one’s heels29. 刻苦钻研某科 to dig at a subject31. 骑到某人脖子上 walk all over someone32. 被逼得走投无路 be driven to the wall33. 抖露出去 hang out something34. 向……行贿grease the hand of…35. 出卖朋友 sell someone down the river36. 有毛病have rocks in one’s head37. 凑合 fill the bill38. 糊弄人 throw someone off the scent39. 堵住某人的嘴stop one’s mouth41. 玩命play with one’s life42. 心里正盘算着 toy with the idea of doing43. 来真格的 for keeps44. 请示上边儿 ask the top kick45. 吃老本rest on one’s laurels47. 搞得一团糟 louse up something48. 精神寄托someone’s meat and drink49. 瞎猜 a shot in the dark50. 干掉某人cook sb.’s goose51. 有保留地 with a grain of salt52. 说走嘴 make a slip of the tongue53. 兜风 go out for a spin54. 折磨某人 run sb. Through the guts55. 十分仓促地 be in a tearing hurry56. 改邪归正 straighten up and fly right59. 为自己辩护 shelter oneself60. 庇护take someone under one’s wing61. 仓促购买 buy a pig in a poke62. 收回自己说过的话eat one’s words63. 把某人灌醉 drink someone under the table64. 保镖 body guard65. 消磨旅途时光 cheat the journey66. 付好处费 pay off67. 把衣服穿反了wear…inside out68. 山中无老虎，猴子称霸王When the cat’s away, the mice will play.69. 跟某人开个玩笑 give someone a ribbing70. 拿别人开心 to rib someone71. 同甘苦，共患难 share weal and woe72. 小题大作 stir a storm in a teacup73. 动不动就……at the drop of a hat74. 开导某人 talk sense into someone75. 以其人之道还治其人之身 give someone a taste of his own medicine76. 豁出去了 shoot the works77. 拿某人当出气筒 take it out on someone3. 费事儿 take a lot of doing4. 知道底细have someone’s number5. 精品 the choicest goods6. 了解一下情况 get the lay of the land7. 掌上明珠the apple of someone’s eye8. 让人恶心turn one’s stomach/ make one sick9. 惹麻烦了 be in a jam10. 关系很好 be on good terms with11. 甜头儿 sugar plum12. 什么都敢赌can bet one’s bottom dollar13. 美中不足 a fly in the ointment14. 蹩脚货/次品 a lemon15. 小道消息 through the grapevine16. 奇丑无比 have a face that would stop a clock17. 体型匀称 be well-proportioned18. 做得太过火了overplay one’s hand19. 正中下怀play into someone’s hands20. 轻松的工作 a cushy job22. 争论的原因 a bone of contention23. 仍在……着 be still on24. 有点儿生疏 go a bit rusty25. 喝多了 have one too many27. 真惨 a bad scene28. 不能再……了can’t be +adj.+er30. 打扮得特别漂亮 be dressed to the nines31. 空头支票 lip-service32. 害人反害己 Harm set, harm get35. 你好好琢磨琢磨吧! Put that in your pipe and smoke it.36. 那又怎样？So what?37. 完蛋了 The jig is up.38. 添油加醋 spice up39. 要命的东西 the kiss of death40. 逼真 true to life41. 睡得像死猪一样 sleep like a log42. 仅次于 be next only to43. 幸亏 thank God44. 喧宾夺主 steal the show45. 你这样做人家会怎么说呢？What will Mrs. Grundy say?46. 使……逊色put…in the shade47. 多么……啊！Talk about!48. 今后的麻烦 the devil to pay49. 实在该……了It’s high time…did…50. 无风不起浪Where there’s smoke there’s fire.51. 沉重的包袱 a millstone around one’s neck52. 理亏 be in the wrong53. 除非太阳打西边出来 till pigs can fly54. 宽容大度 turn the other cheek55. 赞扬某人sing someone’s praises56. 接受某人的观点take someone’s point57. 恰到好处 fit like a glove58. 完美无缺 nothing left to desire59. 平易近人 common touch60. 听天由命 resign to fate61. 有失身份beneath one’s dignity62. 错怪他人 bark up the wrong tree63. 跃跃欲试 be itching for a chance64. 胸怀大志 hi tch one’s wagon to a star65. 留一条后路hedge one’s bets66. 不公平的待遇 a raw deal【转帖】商务合同英译应注意的问题、前言英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。
English phrase
1 see 、hear 、notice 、find 、watch、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ doeg :I like watching monkeys jump2比较级+and+比较级表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一种6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 along with 同……一道，伴随……eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一····就····9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for ……求助；向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book11 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of +数字在几岁时eg：I am sixteen. 我十六岁.When I am at the age of sixteen. 当我十六岁时.14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始15 at the end of +地点/时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day16 at this time of the year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth 或feel that +从句感觉对什么有信心有自信eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken EnglishI feel that I can pass the test18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够……eg : She is able to sing =She can sing20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing21 be afraid to do be afraid of sth/doing sth. 恐惧，害怕……eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: I'm allowed to watch TV我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me24 be angry with sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as+原级+as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 对…感到羞愧27 be away from 远离28 stay away from 从……离开29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于……32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from……和什么不一样34 be famous for 以……著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自eg ：He is from BejingHe comes from BejingIs he from Bejing ?Does he come from Bejing ?37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water38 be glad to do/be glad +从句39 be going to do 将来时40 be good at doing = do well in doing sth 在某方面擅长, 善于……41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your body 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in trouble46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像……eg : I'm like my mother49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表····的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sbeg : I am sorry for you59 be sorry to hear that60 be sorry to trouble sbeg : I am sorry to trouble you61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with themselves这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 在某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher ) 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that+从句对……有信心eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + n./doing 害怕……71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as …和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉He is used to working hard =He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某物be afraid that 丛句76 because+句子because of +短语eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以……开始eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home78 between…and…两者之间79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb /lend sb sth 借给某人某物eg : I borrowed a pen from himhe lent a pen to me=he lent me a pen80 both = the same (as) = not different (from) 表相同81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth 打扰某人是为了做某事.eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He's bothering me to lend him money82 by the end of 到……为止83 call sb sth eg : We call him Old Wang84 care 关心eg : Why don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来?85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进来88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to LuZhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州？92 dance to 随着……跳舞eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在……方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……99 each +可数n.单数每一个……eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing101 enjoy +doing 喜欢102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上某人/某物106 be far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现……怎么样？eg : I find the book interesting109 finish 完成+doing（名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg : Don't forget to go home I forget closing door112 from…to…从某某到某某eg: From me to her113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做……eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math118 get sb into trouble 给某人麻烦119 get sb to do sth120 get…from… 从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is giving a talk122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事125 go out away from go out of126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to …(地方）……去过某过地方have gone to …（地方）去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴134 have sth to do 有什么事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble /problem (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have…time +doing138 have…(时间)…off放……假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about doing = What about doing144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否＝wethereg: I don't know if /wether I should go to the party我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He don't know if/wether we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州If they change the plan they will let me know假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后150 in the north of…什么在什么的北方（north 北south 南west 西east 东）151 in the sun 在太阳下152 increase 增加eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%他们把石油价增加了3%the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now153 instead of +n./doing 代替eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homeworkIt takes me half an hour to cook157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说）做某事怎么样It's +adj ofsb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对……来说是个好主意162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了164 join = take part in 参加165 just now 刚才166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样？167 keep out 不让…… 进入168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康169 key to +名词表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案170 key to…anser to …key 可以是答题或钥匙171 laugh at… 取笑……eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke172 learn by oneslfe 自学173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth 学做某事175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事176 Let sb down 让某人失望eg ：We shouldn't let our farents down我们不应该让我们的父母失望177 live from :离某地远178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan179 look after = take care of 照顾照看180 lose one's way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you183 make it early 把时间定的早一点184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人（某物）怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg : I made him write我以前让他写189 make up be made up of (被动语态）由……组成190 make…difference to…191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么192 most +名most of +代193 much too +形容词194 must be 一定195 need +名词196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事197 need to do (实义动词）need do (情态动词）198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing199 no +名词200 not anymore = no more 再也不……eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副）at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all202 not…at all 一点都不203 not…either表否定，也不eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐204 not…until直到……才……eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one's way to…在谁去那的路上208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈210 on time 准时in time 及时211 one day ＝some day ＝someday 一天，有一天212 one of +可数名词的复数形式213 one to another 一个到另一个214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floorover and over agin215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作216 pay for…付……钱pay the bill 开钱，付钱217 please +do218 please help yourself219 pleased with sb220 pool into = pore into221 practice +doing 练习做某事222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案224 rather…than宁可……也不……eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher我愿肯当医生，也不当老师He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫225 regard…as把……当作……eg: Please give my best regards to your family请带我向你的家人我最好的问候I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人229 say to oneself 对自己说230 say to sb 对某人说231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？239 shock 使……震惊eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her.243 some…others…一些……另一些……244 start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始245 stay away from 远离……eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食246 stop doing 停下正在做的事247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事250 such +名这样，这种251 suit sb 适合某人252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to one's surprise 令某人惊奇253 take classes 上课254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital255 take walks = take a walk ＝go for a walk 散步256 ①talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you ②talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him③talk of 谈到eg : we talked of you ④talk about 谈论关于……257 talk with sb 和某人说话258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么263 tell…from…264 thank you for +doing265 the same +名词(doing)+as……266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as相同267 the way to do sth ＝the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路e g : Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English268 the way to…（地点）到哪的路269 too…to…太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能…so…that +丛句太…所以…eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to schoolHe is old enough to go to school ＝He is so old that he can go to school270 transalte ……into……把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去274 try…试衣服have a try 试一下275 turn down 开小←→ turn up 开大276 turn off 关上←→turn on 打开open 拆开277 upside down 倒着278 visit to…参观某个地方279 wait for sb 等某人280 wait for sb to do sth 等某人做什么wait for sb 等某人wait for sometime 等多少时间eg : Would you please wait for me to get ready 等我准备好，好吗？Let's wait for the rain to stop 让我们等雨停吧281 wake sb up 把某人叫醒282 want to do sth 想做某事283 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事284 welcome to +…（地方）欢迎到……285 what about +n /doing eg : what about an apple286 what if 如果……怎么办What if +句子eg : What if it is true ? 如果是真的怎么办？What if aliens should come to the earth 假如外星人来到地球怎么办？287 what they will do = what to do288 What's the matter ? = What's the trouble ? = What's wrong ? 有什么困难？289 while +延续性动词290 why don't you do = why not do291 will you please do will you please not do292 with one's best = with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下293 with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下with one's help294 work at…在某处工作295 work with sb 和某人一起工作296 would like sth /to do sth eg : I would like to go to LuZhou297 would you please +do298 yet :至今，用在否定句中299 you'd better do 最好做某事= you'd better not do 最好不要做某事300 不定式+v(原）301 联系动词（taste吃起来/sound听起来/look看起来/semll闻起来）+adj302 名词、副词、形容词修饰enongh 时, 形容词放在之前，名词副词放在之后303 太多too much +不可数too many +可数much too 相当于very ，修饰形容词304 向宾语提问：Whom305 向地点提问：Where306 向方式提问：How307 向价格和不可数名词提问：How much308 向可数名词提问：How many309 向频率提问：How often310 向时间段提问：How long311 向时间提问：what time/when312 向物主代词提问：Whose313 向职业提问：what do/does……do314 向主语提问：Who。
2010年英语一第一篇阅读
2010年英语一第一篇阅读英文回答：In the 2010 English Paper I, the first reading text discusses the role of human capital in economic growth.The text argues that human capital, which refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of a workforce, is a key determinant of economic growth. It does so by increasing productivity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. For example, a workforce with higher levels of education and skills is more likely to be able to adopt new technologies anddevelop new products and services. This can lead to increased productivity and economic growth.The text also discusses the importance of investing in human capital. It argues that governments and businesses should invest in education, training, and other programsthat can help to develop the skills and knowledge of the workforce. This investment can lead to long-term economicgrowth.Overall, the text provides a strong argument for the importance of human capital in economic growth. It showsthat investing in human capital can lead to increased productivity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, all ofwhich can contribute to economic growth.中文回答：2010年英语一第一篇阅读文章讨论了人力资本在经济增长中的作用。
English phrase
1、Stables of Augeas(奥革阿斯的牛圈) :意思是“最肮脏的地方;积累成堆难以解决的问题”。
厄利斯国王奥革阿斯有牛数千头,牛圈三十年未扫。
赫剌克勒斯(Heracles)用一天时间将其打扫干净。
2、Swan song:字面译做“天鹅之歌”,源于希腊成语Kykneion asma。
在古希腊神话中,天鹅是阿波罗的神鸟,故常用来比喻文艺。
传说天鹅平素不唱歌,而在它死前,必引颈长鸣,高歌一曲,其歌声哀婉动听,感人肺腑。
这是它一生中唯一的,也是最后的一次唱歌。
因此,现代英语中这个习语比喻某诗人、作家、作曲家临终前的一部杰作,或者是某个演员、歌唱家的最后一次表演。
早在公元前 6 世纪,古希腊寓言作家伊索(Aisopos) 的寓言故事中,就有“天鹅临死才唱歌”的说法。
在英国,乔叟、莎士比亚等伟大诗人、剧作家,都使用过这个成语典故。
如:莎翁的著名悲剧《奥赛罗》(Othello)中塑造的爱米莉娅形象,她在生死关头站出来揭穿其丈夫的罪行。
她临死时把自己比做天鹅,一生只唱最后一次歌。
3、Under the rose : 直译“在玫瑰花底下”。
源自古罗马神话故事。
爱神丘比特(Cupid) 是爱与美之神维纳斯(venus)红杏出墙和战神玛斯(Mars)所生的儿子。
为了维护其母的声誉, 丘比特给沉默之神哈伯克拉底(Harpocrates) 送了一束玫瑰花,请他守口如瓶,不要把维纳斯的风流韵事传播出去。
哈伯克拉底接受了玫瑰花就缄默不语了,成为名副其实的“沉默之神”。
由于这个神话传说,古罗马人把玫瑰花当作沉默或严守秘密的象征,并在日常生活中相尚成风。
人们去串门做客,当看到主人家的桌子上方画有玫瑰,客人就了解在这桌上所谈的一切不应外传。
Under the rose 于是有了“秘密地,私下地,暗中”的意义。
4、Penelop’s web :源自史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)。
泊涅罗珀(Penelop)是奥底修斯(Odysseus) 的妻子,以忠贞而著称。
english phrase
blind date （由第三者安排的）男女初次会面（并非“盲目约会”或“瞎约会”）
dead president 美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”）
personal remark 人身攻击（不是“个人评论”）
sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或“甜水”）
He was only too pleased to let them go. 他很乐意让他们走。（不是“他太高兴了，不愿让他们走”）
Байду номын сангаасIt can't be less interesting. 它无聊极了。（不是“它不可能没有趣”）
China policy 对华政策（不是“中国政策”）
Chinese dragon 麒麟（不是“中国龙”）
American beauty 红蔷薇（不是“美国美女”）
English disease 软骨病（不是“英国病”）
Indian summer 愉快宁静的晚年（不是“印度的夏日”）
Greek gift 害人的礼品（不是“希腊礼物”）
make one's hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然—恐惧（不是“令人发指——气愤”）
be taken in 受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”）
think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己（不是“为自己想得很多”）
pull up one's socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜子”）
Spanish athlete 吹牛的人（不是“西班牙运动员”）
French chalk 滑石粉（不是“法国粉笔”）
English Phrases
English PhrasesB REAKbreak away 1.突然离开; 突然挣脱2.与…决裂; 从…退出3.改掉; 放弃break down 1.损坏, 发生故障2.拆散; 分类3.衰弱下来4.失败, 破产5.粉碎,压倒6.被搞垮；垮掉7.情不自禁地哭起来8.划分（以便分析）b reak in 1.打断, 插嘴说2.闯入3. (使)逐渐适用4.开始工作break one's word 失信，食言break out into 长出(嫩芽等)；迸发出break out 1. (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然发生, 爆发2.向外砸开break off 1. (使)分离; (使)脱离2.停止; 断交break over 1.吞没; 淹没break up 1.结束2. (使)破碎, 分解3. (使)破裂4.放假5. (使)散开, (使)解散6. (使)极其焦虑和痛苦7. (使)开心, 发笑8.分手B RINGbring about 1.使(船)掉转船头2.造成, 引起〔导致〕(某事)bring back 1.带回(某人或某物); 还回(某物)2.回忆〔回顾, 回想起〕(往事)3.使(某人)恢复(某状态)b ring down 1.把(某物, 某人)抬下(楼、山)2.使(某物或某人)掉下〔倒下〕3.击败…4.降(价)b ring in 1.把…拿进来, 带进来,引进2.收获(庄稼等)3.赚(钱), 挣(钱)b ring on 1.呈现…; 使出现2.使发作3.使发展, 进步b ring off 1.使脱离险境2.成功完成b ring over 1.把(某人)带回…2.说服(某人)改变主意bring out 1.取出(某物)2.把…从室内搬出来, 带出来3.呈出(某物); 使(某物)显现出来4.使清楚; 使明显5.出版, 生产(某物)6.说出…bring up 1.把…带到楼上〔更高处〕2.教育, 养育(孩子)3.提及〔提出〕…4.恶心; 呕吐(食物)5.使突然停住bring through 救活(病人)BEARbear away夺得；赢得(奖品等)bear down on冲向；对…施加压力bear down压倒，击败，克服bear in mind记住bear off赢得；使离开；驶离bear on对…施加影响；有关bear out证实，证明bear sth. in mind记住(某事)bear up支持，拥护；打起精神bear with宽容；耐心等待BEATbeat down打倒，推翻；杀(价)beat off击退，打退(进攻)beat up and down来回奔走BLOWblow off吹掉，将(热水等)放出blow one's top(美)气急败坏；发脾气blow out吹熄(灯火等)blow over被淡忘,经过；(云等)吹散blow up发脾气；放大(照片等),给(轮胎等)打气；爆炸CHECKcheck in 报到，登记，投宿旅馆check off 检验，清点check on 检查，调查check out 查明，结帐，付款而离开旅馆check up 核对，检查，检验check with 商议，符合，核对无误CALLcall about 1.找…谈某事call after 1.跟在…后面叫(以引起注意)2.以…命名call at 1.到…进行短暂访问2.停留call away 1.叫走, 叫到别处2.转移(某人的注意力等)call back 1.回喊2.叫某人回来〔去〕3.回电话4.重访某地.5.使恢复6.记起(某事) call forth唤起，引起call in question对…表示怀疑call up 1.朝上方叫喊2.〈美〉给…打电话3.〈英〉叫醒4.使回忆起5.【军】召集call down 1.朝下面大声叫喊2.引起, 招惹3.责骂〔申斥〕(某人)call in 1.叫(某人)进来; 来访2.找〔请〕来3.用电话通知; 打电话来（工作单位等）call for 1.去接(某人), 去取(某物)2.需要3.要求call on 1.拜访(某人)2.叫, 号召3.要求, 请求call off 1.把…叫走2.取消; 停止3.转移(某人的注意力等)4.点名, 逐一念出call out 1.叫喊, 大声地说2.调来; 请去3.(工会等)命令(工人们)罢工4.召集5.唤起, 引起call over 1.点(名)2.把…叫过来carry about 1.随身带, 携带carry away 1.拿走, 带走, 搬走2.使激动, 使着迷carry back 1.还回; 送回2.使回想; 使陷入回忆carry down 1.搬下来, 拿下来2.把(观念)传给年轻人〔晚辈〕carry in 1.输入carry on 1.经营, 从事, 忙于2.〈非正〉继续进行3.争吵；吵闹；吵闹地抱怨carry out 1.抬出去; 拿出去2.执行; 贯彻3.进行4.完成, 实现carry off 1.抢走; 窃走3.赢得, 获得奖牌4.完成5.〈非正〉夺去生命, 害死6.成功地对付，若无其事地对付（别人认为困难的事情carry over 1.使持续下去2.推迟; 延期carry up 1.建高(房屋),追溯COMEcome about 1.发生2.改变方向come across 1.过来; 过访2.被理解; 接受3.吐露, 说出4.偿还…; 被迫把…交出来5.穿过, 越过6.偶然发现, 偶然遇见7.出现在脑海中, 留下印象come back 1.回来2.记起, 回忆起3.强烈反驳4.〈非正〉重复说come down 1.倒塌, 被拆除2.代代相传3.败落, 社会地位降低4.从大城市到小地方5.患病, 病倒6. (降)落到(某人)头上 1.下来, 下落 1.崩塌；坍塌2.（价格、温度、比率等）下降，降低3.着陆；降落；从空中坠落4.决定并宣布（支持或反对）come in 1.进来, 进入; 来到, 到达2.上市3. (潮水)涨4.当选; 就任; 上台5. (天气)开始变得6.（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）7.（赛跑等比赛中）取得（名次）8.参加讨论9.在…中起作用；参与10.到达；被收到11.变时髦；时兴；流行12.可提供；可利用13.被推行；开始被采用come on 1.前进, 出击2.随后跟上3.开始工作4.登台, 出场5.开始; 来到6.快点; 赶紧; 赶快7.加油做; 振作起来8.提出讨论, 审问9.进步, 发展10.偶然发现11.（表示知道某人所说的话不正确）得了吧come off 1.〈非正〉成功2.表现3.能被去掉（或除去）4.举行；发生5.成功；达到预期效果（或结果）6.（搏斗、比赛等）成功，不成功come over 1.在上空〔上方〕经过2.过来; 从远处来3.顺便来访4.被理解并完全接受;被通过5.逐渐变得6.突然感到come out 1.出来2.说出3.可去掉4.出狱; 获释5.出现6.开花7.出版; 发表8.显像9.结果是…; 得出答案10.拒绝工作, 罢工11.公开表明（同意或不同意）（经正式介绍）初入社交界come up 1.上来; 走近2.发生3.升起; 长出来; 响起, 刮起4.开庭5.显露光泽, 开始发光6.提到, 提及7.在博彩游戏中指号码、名字、奖券等）被抽中，中奖8.即将发生（或出现、到来）count in把…计算在内count on依靠；期待，指望count out点…的数count up把…加起来，共计CUTcut across抄近路穿过，对直通过cut back修剪(树枝等)；削减cut down砍倒；消减；缩短cut in(汽车)超车，抢挡cut into侵犯(利益等)；削减cut off切掉；切断；阻隔cut out for适合于，准备；面对cut out切掉；删掉；停止cut short使突然停止；打断cut through(抄近路)穿过；穿透cut up(牲口等)宰后得肉,切碎；齐根割掉DIEdie away变弱；渐渐消失；平息die away变弱；逐渐平息die for渴望，切望die from由于…而死，因…致死die game至死不屈die of illness病死die off一个个死掉die out消失，灭绝，不复存在die out消失，灭绝；熄灭die to the world隐居，不问人间事DROPdrop by顺便走访，非正式访问drop off睡着；(让…)下车drop on训斥，惩罚drop out退出，退学；掉落drop over顺便来访drop to one's knees跪下fall back on求助于，转而依靠fall back后退，退却fall behind落在…后面，跟不上fall for爱上，迷恋；受骗fall in love with相爱，爱上…fall in love爱上某人fall in with偶尔遇到；同意，赞许fall into落入；陷于；河流注入fall off下降，跌落，减少fall on one's knees跪下(请求等)fall out of放弃(习惯等)fall out争吵；闹翻；结果fall through失败，成为泡影fall to doing着手(做)…；开始…fall to着手；开始攻击fall under受到(影响等)；被列为KEEPkeep at 1.坚持, 继续做2.督促, 要求(某人工作、学习等)3.备有4.耽搁; 延误keep after 1.紧紧追赶2.〈非正〉责备; 挑剔; 反复地要求keep away 1. (使)不接近2. (使)缺席keep back 1.留在后面, 不上前2.阻止…前进; 阻止…的进展3.隐瞒4.扣留; 保留keep down 1.使不升起; 蹲下, 伏倒2.控制, 限制3.除掉4.使留级5.吞下药物; 不吐出来keep in 1.(使)留在家里2.(罚学生)放学后留校3.抑制4.(使)继续燃烧5.收进, 缩进6.储备, 储存7.保留…keep on 1.继续前进; 继续工作2.继续穿着〔戴着〕3.继续雇用; 继续使用或占有4.反复提及; 抱怨5. (使)继续朝…行进6. (使)继续服药〔接受训练〕keep off 1. (使)不接近; 挡住2. (雨、雪等)没有下3.避开某一话题4.禁食keep up 1.(使)不倒下, (使)不下沉2.保持在高水准上3.跟上, 赶上4.保养, 维修5.保持6.保持不衰退7.使熬夜vt1.不减弱; （天气）持续不变GIVEgive away 1.赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发2.泄露; 告发3.失去; 抛弃4.(在婚礼仪式中)将新娘交给新郎give about 1.分布;传播(谣言)give back 1.归还; 恢复2.后退give in 1.屈服; 投降; 让步2.交; 上交; 递交; 呈送;呈交give for 1.牺牲;交换give out 1.分发; 散发2.公布; 宣布3.耗尽; 用完4.停止起作用5.停止运行give over 1.停止; 中止; 放弃2.交付; 交出give off 1.发出; 放出; 散发出; 放射出give up 1.放弃;投降，认输; 猜不出2.交出; 自首3.宣布无法医治; 对…不抱希望4.泄露GOgo about 1.到处走动2.流传3.改变方向4.处理, 从事, 做, 忙于go away 1.走开；离去；（岁月）流逝；死去2.私奔 1.（症状）消失go back 1.回转, 回顾, 追溯2.向后伸展3.背叛go down 1.沉下; 落下; 降低2.被接受; 受欢迎, 得到赞同3.被记录在案4.被打败5.停止; 结束6.考试不及格go in 1.进去, 进入2.开始, 开始工作3.攻击go in for 1.参加2.从事, 致力于3.喜欢, 爱好4.支持, 赞成; 主张go in at 1.痛打,猛烈攻击go on 1.向前走; 前进2.继续做3.进行4.发生5.上场6.打开7.过去, 消逝8.（用于鼓励）来吧go off 1.离开2.私奔3.睡着4.消失5.开始变坏, 变质6.变差7.开火；爆炸8.（警报器等）突然发出巨响9.（电灯）熄灭；（电）中断；停止运行go off into 1.开始,爆发出go over 1.留下印象，受欢迎2.搁置起来，察看3.翻, 转4.走过去5.转为 1.重温go out 1.走出, 出去; 出国2.参加社交活动3.被发出; 被发布, 被发行; 被传布4.退下, 消退5.熄灭; 停止运转6.死去; 消逝; 失去知觉7.辞职, 下台; 被淘汰8.结束, 过完9.不流行, 过时go up 1.上升, 上涨, 提高, 增加, 增高2.响起3.爆炸; 被炸毁, 被烧毁4.被建造起来,被兴建5.某事开始了6.破产7.（幕布）升起GETget about 1.随意走走; 旅行2.(病人)可以走动3.(消息等)传播; 流传4.(使)在…走动, 旅行get across 1.横过(马路、河等)2.(使)被理解; (使)被接受3.横过(马路、河等)4.使生气, 触犯get away 1.离开, 脱身2.逃掉get back 1.回来, 回家2.回到…上来3.退后4.找回, 取回5.报复, 向…报仇get down 1.使沮丧2.下来; 下车3.吞下, 咽下4.写下; 记下5.弯下, 跪下get in 1.收割, 收获2.插话3.到达4.当选5.被录取；被接受入学get on 1.继续2.进行3.变老; 变晚4.上车, 上马5.对付；应付；活下来；过活get off 1.离开; 动身2.发出3.(使)免受处分4.(使)入睡5.停止工作6.记住; 背诵7.下(车、马等get over 1.(使)渡过, (使)穿过2.传送3.做完…, 结束4.走完5.克服; 克制6.从…中恢复过来7.把...忘怀8.熬过get out 1.出来, 出去, 走开2. (使)出现, (使)逃出3.从车上下来4.开始被人知道; 泄漏出5.参加社交活动6.(天气)变得(晴朗等)7.出版, 发行8.作出; 完成9.(成功地)解决, 解答出10.探听出, 盘问出get up 1.(使)起床2.站起来; (使)起立;起身;站起;起来3.举起, 竖起, 递上, 搬上4.使靠近; 行近5.变得猛烈, 增加强度, 增加速度,（海浪、风等）增强,变猛烈6.整理, 装饰; 打扮7.安排; 准备; 组织; 筹划8.学习, 研究; 记熟9.激发, 激起HANDhand down把…传下来；传给hand in hand手拉手；联合hand in交上；递上，交进hand on传下来，依次传递hand out分派；把…拿出来hand over交出，移交；让与HOLDhold back踌躇，退缩不前，阻止hold down压制；抑制(热情等)hold forth给予，提供hold in约束，抑制hold off不接近；拖延；迟疑hold office担任公职hold on to紧紧抓住；控制，克制hold on握住不放；坚持下去hold one's breath(由于激动等原因)屏息hold one's own坚守住，不被打败hold oneself in尽力不叫hold out伸出；坚持；支持hold over将…延迟；期满后继任hold true适用，有效hold up举起；耽搁；抢劫hold water(容器等)盛得住水hold with同意，赞成；原谅hold...against记恨LEAVEask for leave 请假give leave 准假leave about 乱放，乱丢leave alone 听任，任其自然leave…as it is.听其自然leave behind 留下，忘记携带leave for （离开某地）去某地leave out 省去，遗漏，不把…计算在内leave off 停止，脱去，戒除leave office 离职，下台leave over 留下，剩下，延期LOOKlook around/about 1.四下观望2. (作出选择前)进行调查look after 1.注视2.照顾, 照看(某人或某物)look back 1.回顾,倒退;回顾,追忆look down 1.俯视,跌价,用目光压倒look in 1.往里面看2.拜访; 短暂访问3.把注意力转向…look for 1.寻找(某人或某物)2.〈口〉找(麻烦); 找(苦头)吃3.希望得到look on 1.在一旁观看, 袖手旁观2.把眼光投向〔以某种观点来看待或对待〕(某物或某人)look out 1.向外看; 面向; 朝外2.（表示警告，尤指有危险）小心，当心，留神3.挑出〔找出〕(某物)look over 1.从(某物上面)看过去2.仔细检查〔审视〕(某人或某物)look up 1.向上看; 抬头看2.生意、某人的情况等好转,改善3.拜访(某人)4.查找LETlet out 放掉，放出，发出；放大（衣服）；放松（绳子）let alone 不干涉；更不用说let down 放下，降低；使失望let go 放开，松手let in 让…进入，放…进来let loose 放开，放松，释放let off 放（炮，烟火），开（枪）；宽恕，从容处理；免除MAKEmake at 扑向; 攻击make away 离去, 逃走make away with 带走, 拿走, 偷走杀死; 毁弃, 减掉浪费, 吃掉make down 改小(衣服)make for 有利于..., 有助于...; 造成; 促进; 走向; 冲向; 袭击;make from [make up from] 用...制成, 用...做成;make in 走进, 进入; 干涉; 加入;make into 制成, 做成; 使转变为;make it 及时赶到, 办成功; 达到目的; 规定时间;make off 匆忙离去, 逃走;make on 在...上获利, 在...赚钱;make out 书写, 填写, 开列; 拼凑; 勉强度日; 勉强做到, 好不容易做成功; 声称, 企图证明, 把...说成; 假装, 装作; 理解, 懂得; 辨认出;make over 转让, 移交; 改造; 把(衣服等)改制; 改写;make up 弥补; 补偿; 赔偿; 补足; 补(考); 拼凑成; 配制; 包装; 编辑, 编制; 虚构; 捏造; 缝制; 组成; 调停; 和解; 结算(帐目); 整理(房间等); 准备(床铺等); 包装;化妆PASSpass away 去世，（时间）过去pass by 经过，（时间）过去pass into 变成，化为pass on/upon 传递，通过pass out of one’s mind被人忘掉pass over 忽视，置之不理pass through 经历，经过，贯穿pass to 传递，传达PICKpick and choose 仔细挑选，挑挑拣拣pick off 摘下，逐个地射死pick on 挑选，挑剔，惹恼pick one’s way/steps小心地走路，择路而行pick one’s wor ds 精选用词pick out 挑出，辨别出pick up 接(某人),接收，获得，搭载，收拾，恢复，爬起，捡起，学会，认识PUTput at 1.把…放在…之前2.猜测, 估计put about 1.宣称, 散布2. (使)烦恼3.改变航向put away 1.收起来, 放好2.储存关押3.打消, 放弃, 抛弃put back 1.放回原处2.拨回, 向后推put in 1.(使)在内; 把…放于…中2.打断, 插嘴3.做, 履行4.选举…执政; 任命5.在…上花费6.使处于某种状态put out 1.伸出2.扑灭; 熄灭3.生产; 制造4.出版; 发行; 发布5.驶出, 离开6.把…送到外面去做put up 1 .举起; 抬起2.建立; 竖起3.张贴4.投宿; 留宿5.提高; 增加6.提供7.进行8.提出9.包装 1.供给...住宿put off 1.延期,推迟;拖延2.阻碍做某事3.(停车)让某人下4.使分心5.关掉6.敷衍, 推诿7.脱去(衣、帽等)8.丢弃, 摆脱put on 1.穿上, 戴上; 把…放在…上2.上演, 演出; 展览3.假装, 装出,夸大4.增加; 增加(费用)5.打开6.做饭菜7.装(船等)8.押赌注9.强使承担(责任等)10.分配任务put into 1.使处于某种状态2.把…译成, 用…表达put down 1.放下2.平定, 镇压, 取缔3.记下, 写下4.估计, 认为5.归于6.飞机或飞行员降落；着陆put over 1.把…讲清楚2.推迟3.成功完成4.与某人沟通，向某人传达PULLpull on 穿，戴pull up （使）停下pull out 拔出，抽出，取出；（车，船等）驶出；（车辆）减速pull in （车）停下，进站，（船）到岸pull down 拆毁，拉倒；拉下，降低pull off 脱（帽，衣等）PUSHpush against 推，推撞push forward/along 把…腿向前，继续进行push aside/away 推开，排除push back 退回，推回push down 向下推push in 推进，向岸靠拢push off 起程，离开push on 奋力向前，推进push one’s way挤过去，奋力向前push out 推出，长出push over 推倒push through 促成，完成，穿过，挤过push up 向上推RUNrun down 撞倒,停掉,撞沉;追捕，追获，追查run for 竞选run into 装上，偶然碰见run off 复印，打印run out of 用完，用尽，耗尽run over 溢出，满出；略读，略述；辗过；浏览，匆匆复习in the long run 最终，从长远观点来看set about 1.开始做(某事)2.攻击, 抨击(某人)3.〈非正〉散布(谣言)set aside 1.把…放置一旁, 不理会2.取消, 驳回3.留出set apart 1.分开放, 隔离开2.留出, 拨出3.突出, 区别set back 1.向后移2.推迟, 耽搁3.拨慢4.花费set down 1. (使)放下, (使)坐下2.制定, 确定3.降落4. (叫…)下车5.记下set in 1.开始,到来,上涨,插入,嵌入,涨潮set on 1.开始雇用2.把…置于…之上3.攻击(某人)set off 1.出发, 动身2. (使)开始; 引起3.点燃, 爆炸set out 1.动身, 出发2.着手, 开始3.安排, 组织set over 1.置于…上,指派…管理,移交set up 1.建立，建造, 创立, 竖立2.准备; 安排3.引起, 产生SEEsee after 照料，照顾see into 识透，调查see out 送某人到门口/屋外，see off 送行see through 看透，识破，支持（某人）到底see to 照顾，处理，注意see to it that…照料，努力使，注意把seeing that…因为，鉴于，既然SENDsend away 解雇，赶走，把…送往远处send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低（价格，温度）send for 派人去叫/请/拿send off 发出，寄出，解雇，送别send out 发出，散发，长出（树叶等）send up 发射，使上升，向上传递send word 通知，转告，捎信STANDstand up to 勇敢的面对，坚持抵抗，经得起stand up for 为……辩护，维护stand up 站起来，耐用stand out 突出，显眼stand by 支持，帮助，站在一边，袖手旁观stand for 代替，代表，意味着show in 领入show off 炫耀，卖弄show up 使呈现，使醒目；出席，到场show out 排除SHUTshut down (=close down) 关闭，倒闭，停工，歇业shut in 关进去，禁闭，使中止，压制shut off 关掉，切断shut one’s eyes/ears to…拒绝去看/听shut one’s heart to…对…不动心shut one’s mind to…死不答应shut one’s teeth要紧牙关shut out 关在外面，排除（可能性）shut up 关闭，密封,闭嘴TAKEtake away 1.拿开, 拿走2.把…带走; 使离开3.使停止; 转移4.减5.剥夺; 夺取;抢夺6.〈非正〉使大吃一惊take after 长得像; 性格类似于; 效仿take apart 拆开; 拆卸take down 1.拆卸2.记录, 记下take … for granted认为…理所当然（不成问题）take hold of 抓住，掌握take for 1.为…承担…2.信以为真; 认为理所当然take in 1.欺骗; 使上当2.领会; 理解3.接待; 收留4.包括5.吸入6.让...进入;接受7.改小;改短take off 1.拿走, 取下; 去掉2.脱去3.截断, 切除4.(使)离开5.起跳; 起飞6.(飞机)起飞7.发起8.使停运; 使停航9.减轻(体重) 10.〈非正〉走开, 离开take out 1.把…带出去2.清除, 除掉3.获取, 办理4.邀请(某人)外出vt. 1.扣除；除去；取出take over 1.接管; 接替2.带, 领…到另一地3.在…上花费4.帮…学习5.领(某人)参观take part with 袒护，支持take to 喜欢，亲近take up 1.拿起; 抱起2.占去3.接受(提议)4.继续take up for 袒护take up with 致力于，忍受，对…发生兴趣tear at 撕，强拉tear away 撕掉，扯开，磨损tear A away from B 从B夺走Atear down 拆毁，扯下，使瓦解，破坏（名誉）tear in/to/into pieces 把…撕碎tear in two .. 把…撕成两半tear off 扯去，扯开tear out 撕下，拉下tear up 撕掉，撕毁THROWthrow about 乱丢，乱花（钱）throw at 把…投向throw away 抛弃，浪费，拒绝，错失（机会）throw back 扔回，拒绝，反驳，（光线）反射throw cold water on sb. 对…泼冷水，使气馁throw doubt on/upon 对…怀疑throw down 推翻，拆毁，仍下，拒绝throw down one’s tools罢工throw in 插话，（免费）附送throw into 使…陷入某种状态throw off 摆脱，匆匆脱掉，设法除去throw oneself into 投身于，积极从事throw out 扔出，干扰，否决throw up 呕吐，放弃，举起，批评，匆匆建造throw up one’s arms举起双手，投降TURNturn around 1. (使)转身, (使)转换方向2. (使)好转3.使变得完全不同, 曲解4.改变意见turn away 1.转过脸去2.拒绝(某人)进入turn back 1. (使)往回走2.翻起, 折转turn down 1.减少; 关小2.拒绝turn in 1.上交, 呈交2.归还, 退还3.上床睡觉4.面向内，向内拐turn on 1.打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）2. (使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋3.发动turn off 1. (把…)关掉2.拐弯；转入另一条路3.完成4.不再听；不再想5.解雇, 辞退turn over 1. (使)翻转; 调转2.仔细考虑3.移交; 交给4.变换（电视频道）turn out 1.关灯2.制造; 培养3.结果是, 原来是4.向外5.出席（某项活动）；在场。
English phrases
1．be absent from缺席，不在be absent from class(be ) close to 接近，在…附近；与…关系密切be abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 丰富的，富有（含）Be abundant in knowledge / be rich in nutrition2．by accident(by chance; accidentally) 偶然，意外地Without being asked (=willingly) 自愿地，主动地，没有被要求的(be) in accord with(in line with, in accordance with) 与.....一致，符合，依据(be) out of accord with 同.....不一致，不相符合with one accord 一致（同意）地，无异议的；异口同声地3．Take ......into account (=consideration) 把......考虑进去take sth into one`s account think about 思考，考虑（尤指计划·意见等可行性等）；回想，想起Don’t think about it any more.4．reflect upon oneself 自我反省，自我检查in dispute 在争议中，处于争议中（的），尚未解决(be) under debate 在争论中，在讨论中(be) beyond dispute无疑地，无可争议地，不容置疑地5．On account of (=because of ) 由于，因为out of habit 出于习惯Ahead of time 提前on no account (=in no case, in no circumstances) 绝不，无论如何不要（放句首时，句子要倒装），在任何情况下都不6．Accuse sb of ...指控，控告；指责（某人干某事），谴责Be accustomed to sth/ doing sth (=be/ get used to ) 习惯于,适应7．act as 充当，担当，充任；扮演…的角色in the air 在空中；（计划·问题等）悬而未决，未定；（谣言·消息等）在流传中，在传播；Adapt oneself to 使自己适应于或习惯....（环境·变化等）8．Have an advantage over 优于，胜过；对…占优势，处于有利地位take （full）advantage of （充分）利用；欺负，欺骗，占便宜Make the best of (make the most of, make full use of充分利用) 充分利用（时间·机会等）9．all at once(=suddenly)突然，忽然above all(first of all) 首先，尤其是，最重要的是Allow for 考虑到，虑及10．arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事Apologize to sb for sth 为…向…道歉Arise from (result from ,be caused by ) (困难·误会等)由…引起（产生），起因于，由于11．Arrive at 到达某地（小地方）；得出结论arrive in 到达某地（大地方）assure sb of sth 向某人保证，使确信Attend on (upon)(=wait upon, look after) 侍候，照料12．Be （increasingly/ fully）aware of (=be conscious of) 意识到，察觉到，知道on end 连续（不断）地；竖着，直立着13．come to an end(put an end to something) 结束，终止end upwith 以…而结束，告终in the end 最后，最终，终于with respect to 至于，关于，就…而言14．Be supposed to 被期望或被要求做某事，应该be based on（on the basis of）根据，基于；以…为基础，建立在…的基础上15．blame sb for (doing) sth 为某事责备某人blame sth on sb 把…推在某人身上，把某事归咎于某人16．Be in blossom 开花（强调状态）come into blossom 开花（动作）out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气17．(be) in effect(=in fact )实际上,生效have an effect on 对....有影响，起作用，产生效果To the effect that 大意是，主要内容是..... In despair（in desperation）绝望,在绝望中18．With ease(=easily) 容易，不费力on earth 究竟，到底；地球上，世界上without doubt 无可置疑地，毫无疑问19．（Be）in danger (of) 处于....的危险中be out of danger 脱离危险charge sb with sth 指控（某人做某事），因…控告某人In charge of 负责，主管（某事）；负责管理in the charge of 由....主管，负责；处于某人的掌管之下20．Round the clock 昼夜不停地commit sb to prison 把某人送进监狱engage in 从事，参加（活动等）be engaged in 忙于，从事Engage oneself in 从事于，参加21．in any event 无论如何，不管怎样，在任何情况in the event that 如果，假使，倘若in case of 假如，如果发生，万一，防备on condition that 如果，倘若，在…条件下22．Come into (one`s) sight 进入视野，出现，展现在眼前come into power 上台（执政），掌权come into （widespread）use 开始使用，投入使用，应用23．drop me a line 写信给我come into existence 开始存在，出现，产生(be) in existence 存在，现存的24．Be (fully) exposed to 使遭受，暴露，曝光be exposed to danger expose (oneself) to 暴露于（空气·风雨·阳光等），使无遮蔽；使处于…的影响下；使遭受（攻击·危险·批评等）25．look sb in the eye 直视某人，正视close(shut) one`s eyes to视而不见，不理会face up to sth 勇敢地面对，大胆面对face up to reality 面对现实26．Keep an eye on 照看，照顾；密切注视，监视；留意take notice of 注意（到），留意in one`s face 公开地，当着某人的面face to face 面对面27．by far 到目前为止；远，非常（与比较级或最高级连用）infashion(in style) 流行，时兴，时髦find fault with sb 挑某人毛病，挑剔，找茬Compare....with....把...与...比较compare....to....把...比作convince sb of sth 使某人确信28．Be fed up with(be/ get tired with) 对…厌烦，感到厌倦fill out 填写，变丰满，变胖Be content with (=be satisfied with)满足于be short for 是…的缩写，简称29．pull though （使）恢复健康，（使）度过难关turn up （突然或意外地）出现，发生；发现；调高（音量或热度）give priority to 优先考虑，给予…优先权30．Settle down (尤指结婚或买了房而)安顿下来；（安定）平静下来；安下心来（做某事）free of charge 免费equate …with …把…和…等同起来，相提并论31．bring out 出版，生产（出）[尤指产品如书籍·CD 等] in the form of 以…的形式in the shape of 以…的形式，呈…的形状32．Take …for granted 认为…理所当然get(fall) into the habit of 养成…的习惯，沾染上…的习气with all one`s heart 十分愿意地；全心全意地，真心实意地33．be identical to 和…完全相同，一模一样be involved in 被卷入，涉及in the short term 从短期看，短期内，就眼前来说34．Be at a loss 茫然，不知所措settle for sth 勉强接受，勉强同意（认可）at the last moment 在最后一刻，在最后关头at (the) most 至多，最多35．name sth after 用…的名字命名，以…命名once in a while 偶尔，偶然，有时be particular about 讲究，对…挑剔be opposed to(object to) doing 反对，不赞成36．Be opposite to 与…相反，对立；在对面keep pace with 并驾齐驱，保持同步prefer dong to doing 宁愿，更喜欢in process (在)进行中protect …from…保护…免受37．in secret 秘密地，私下be under repair 在修理中，在维修中be under construction 在建造（建设）中be out of control 失去控制contribute to 有助于，促进38．Rule out 排除，不考虑，划去on a large scale 大规模地，大批量be superior to 优于，胜过in short supply 供应不足，供不应求，短缺39．in terms of 依据，按照，在…方面hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延pass away 去世drop out of 退学；退出meet with 符合；偶然遇见；遭受40．An hand 在手边，在附近be on good terms with 与某人关系好，与…有交情behind the times 落伍，过时，落在时代后面（思想·看法等）41．word for word 逐字地，一字不差地at will 随心所欲，随意against one`s will 违心地，违背意愿地at the sight of 一看到…就（at the thought of）at the cost(expense) of 以....为代价42．Be (deeply) absorbed in 专心（致力）于，全神贯注于in the long run 从长远看，终究draw one`s attention 吸引某人注意(be) at the mercy of 任凭…摆布，受…支配43．in addition to 除…之外（还有）in order 井然有序；按顺序，按次序；状况良好now and then 有时，偶尔in short(in brief, in a word) 总之，简言之Distinguish ....from....把.....与.....区别开44．In the way 挡道，妨碍in vain 徒劳，白费地；step by step 逐步地on one`s own 独立（独自）地be distinct from(=be quite different from) 与....截然不同45．on purpose 故意地，有意地on sale 再出售，廉价出售in general 大体上；一般地，通常地，总之on the whole 一般说来，整个说，总而言之，大体上46．Once upon a time 从前，很久以前out of sight 看不见，在视野之外to one`s delight(sorrow, shame, astonishment) on the increase 在增加on the decline 在衰退中,在减少date back to 追溯到，开始于47．In confidence 推心置腹地；秘密地，私下with confidence 满怀信心地have confidence in 对....有信心on the contrary 相反48．rely on 依靠，依赖，指望Under consideration 在考虑中consist of (=be composed of ) 由......组成，构成be consistent with 与...一致，符合49．by contrast 对比(相比)之下at one`s convenience在方便的时间或地点Do away with (get rid of )除去，废除，取消；杀掉50．Differ from....in....与.....的区别在于... ，不同，相异 a large amount of(a great deal of ) +不可数名词to a large extent 在（从）很大程度上51．hold up 举起，抬起；阻挡；耽搁；持械抢劫break up 打碎；分裂，分手，（婚姻·恋爱关系）破裂；（会议·聚会等）解散burst into laughter 突然笑起来52．Die out 灭绝，消失；（逐渐）消亡；（风）平息，（火）熄灭one after another 接连地，一个接一个地blow up 爆炸，爆发；使充气；（风·暴风雨）大作；放大53．(be) out of work(employment) 失业give in 投降，屈服，让步In(during) the course 在.....过程中deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人某物54．Cure sb of +某种疾病治好某人的疾病be out of date(style) 过时的up to date 最新的，新式的；时兴的，时髦的55．Quite a few 相当多，不少on the side 作为兼职（副业）on duty 上班，值班on board 在车（船、飞机）上in honor of 为庆祝，为纪念56．In a way 在某种程度上for the present 暂时，目前（=for the moment，for the time being)57．By itself 自动地，独自地back and forth 来回地，反复地At (the) worst 在最糟的情况下run into 偶遇be typical of 是....的特点58．At the risk of 冒.....的风险in return 作为报答，以报答（for) Be ready for 准备好做..... In public 公开地，当众It occurs to sb that......某人想到......59．Bear (keep) .....in mind牢记lie in 在于Set sth on fire(=set fire to sth) 放火（烧），点燃，使燃烧in favor of 赞成60．devote oneself to 献身于，致力于，全心投入throw away 扔掉，丢弃，浪费（机会，优势等）break down (机器·车辆等)出故障，坏掉；（谈判·关系等）失败，（系统）瘫痪；分解61．Take over 接管（公司等）；接替，取代call for 要求；需要；前往接某人pull down 拆毁，推翻，推倒think highly of 对…高度评价，高度赞扬62．on the air 在广播（中）bring sb back to…使某人恢复到…bring sb back to reality 使某人面对现实run after 追求（异性等），追赶，追逐63．Take off (飞机)起飞；（突然）成功，成名；（常指突然且出乎意料的）离开；脱掉（衣服·帽子等）go through 经历（痛苦·困难等），遭受；通过（考试等）；仔细检查；（方案·法律等）被通过64．see sb off 到火车站·机场等处为某人送行bring in 引进；赚得，挣得get along with 与…和睦相处，取得进展65．Come up 走近，走过来；提及，被提出；发生，出现；长出来，发芽give out 分发，散发；发表，公布；用尽，精疲力竭。
English phrase
turn down 拒绝turn into 变成turn left 向左转turn off 关掉turn on 打开,拧开; 反对,攻击turn out 翻转(生产,关闭,出动,证明是)turn over 滚动(翻过来,营业额为,周转,移交,翻阅)turn right 向右转turn to 求助于,转向turn up 朝上翻(出现,来到,,卷起,找到,被找到,出现,发生) turn against背叛turn around转身1.look v.看,期待n.外观,神色2. look after 照料3. look at 看4. look back 回顾5. look in 顺便来访=drop in6. look into sth 调查,了解某事,浏览(书报)7 look on as 把...看作... look out 小心,当心,向外看8. look around 到处看9. look over 审阅,翻阅look through 浏览,仔细地检查10. look to 负责,留意11. look up (从词典中)找出,天气转变,物价上涨,仰视12. look up to sb 尊敬某人13. look down on sb 轻视某人14. look forward 期待give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.给give advice 提建议give a sign给手势give a smile (shout, talk, blow, knock, push．．．)(表示一个动作) give away 送给人，分发，捐献give back还给；恢复（健康等）give in vi.交进来；让步，妥协，投降，认输give off散发出（气味，烟雾）give sb. a hand (with)帮忙（做．．．）give one’s life to 把一生献给．．．give one’s regards to 向某人问好give out散发，颁发give out that．．．宣布give up放弃；不再做；改掉give up one’s life to把．．．献给．．．give way to让位于，转为come to do逐渐……come about发生come across…偶遇；偶尔发现come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快come by… 获得How did you come by these pictures?come away脱离；折断come back回来；复员；恢复come down倒下；跌落；传下来come forward 前进；自告奋勇；涌现come from… 出身于；来自come in/ into sight出现；被看见come into being/ existence发生；产生；出现come into effect/ force开始生效；开始实施come into power/ office上台；掌握政权come into use 开始使用come off脱落；发生come on（风雨等）到来；演出；赶快come out长出来；出版come out against… 起来反对come out with… 讲出；泄露（秘密等）come to= come to oneslef苏醒过来come to …总计；谈到When it comes to football, everyone likes David Beckham. come a conclusion得出结论；告一段落come to nothing毫无结果；失败come to the point说到要点；抓住关键come up走近；长出；流行come upon…碰见put about 散布（消息）；宣称put across 解释；表达put aside 节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；储存…备用put away 储存（钱）；储存…备用；储蓄(= put by) 吃掉；喝掉put back 拨回；向后移put by 储蓄；储存…备用；储存（钱）put down 写下；记下put down as 视为；看作put down for 把（某人）列入（捐款人）名单put down to 说…因（某事）而起put forward 提出（意见、建议）put in 打断；插嘴put in a good word for 为…美言几句put off 延期；推迟put on 假装；伪装put onto 向…介绍；向…提供（资料）put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭put oneself out 费神；花工夫put over 解释；说明；表达put through 接通电话put to 问（问题）；提（建议）put together 商量put up 举起；抬起；张开（伞）put up to 鼓动；唆使…做…put up with 忍受；忍耐；受苦attract away 吸引走back away 为了让出地方而后退,由于害怕而后退; 不愿考虑be away 离开,不在break away 突然离开; 突然挣脱; 与…决裂; 从…退出; 改掉; 放弃bring away 带着…离开call away 叫走,叫到别处; 转移(某人的注意力等)carry away 拿走,带走,搬走; 使激动,使着迷chat away 闲谈chew away 继续吃; 咬坏clean away 除去come away 离开cut away 切,剪; 去掉; 切成,剪成; 迅速离开draw away (使)离开,移开; (在竞争中)领先于他人〔物〕dream away 在梦幻〔胡思乱想〕中虚度光阴drink away 连续地喝酒; 饮酒消愁drive away 驱车离开; 把…驱开,赶走drop away 陡峭; 减少,下降eat away 连续不断地吃; 侵蚀,腐蚀,锈蚀; 咬坏,蛀坏fade away 消失; 衰弱fall away 离开; 消瘦fire away 连续射击; 〖非正〗开始; 热烈地谈; 发问flee away 逃离fly away 离开,飞离fold away 折叠起来收藏frighten away 吓跑,吓走gamble away 赌下去; 赌博输掉钱get away 离开,脱身; 逃掉give away 赠送; 赠予; 颁发; 泄露; 告发go away 离开; 私奔hide away 隐藏hurry away 匆匆离去keep away (使)不接近; (使)缺席knock away 连续敲击; 打掉,敲掉laugh away 连续地笑; 一笑置之; 以笑来驱除〔消除〕lay away 储蓄,贮存; 埋葬lock away 把…锁起来look away 不再看(某人或某物)make away 逃跑move away 离开pass away (时间等)消磨掉,过去; 去世; 终止; 停止promise away 答应送掉pull away (尤指车辆)开始移动push away 继续推; 推开put away 收起来,放好remain away 缺席run away 逃跑,走掉; 逃脱sail away 坐船离开send away 遣走,解雇shift away 搬走sign away 签字让出〔放弃〕sleep away 继续睡,连续睡; 以睡觉度过(时间); 以睡眠摆脱(烦恼) stay away 离开,缺席steal away 偷偷离去; 偷走(某物)stop away 停在远处不过来sweep away 扫除,刮走,冲走; 清除swim away 游走take away 拿开,拿走; 把…带走; 使离开; 使停止; 转移; 减去; 剥夺; 夺取; 抢夺throw away 扔掉; 浪费; 错过turn away 转过脸去; 拒绝(某人)进入walk away 走开wash away 冲走,清洗; 消除wish away 继续表达个人的愿望; 希望…离开〔消失〕work away 不断地工作write away 写信(索要); 连续写作/。
English Noun Phrase 名词短语
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ English Noun Phrase 名词短语名词短语Noun Phrase 名词短语是指以名词或名词性词语（noun-equivalent）作中心词（head-word）构成的短语。
它可以是一个名词或相当于名词的词语如代词，也可以是包括中心词、限定词（determiner）、前置修饰语（premodifier）和后置修饰语（postmodifier）在内的整个短语。
例如：限定词前置修饰语中心词后置修饰语 the a all those tall boys boy boys in general with long hair在名词短语中，限定词是仅次于中心词的最重要的成分，不能省略。
如果名词前没有限定词，则可认为限定词是零位冠词（zero-article）。
没有前置修饰语和后置修饰语并不影响短语的完整性。
一限定词当代英语语法家如 R.Quirk 认为放在名词前面，对名词起限定作用，表示特指、泛指或数量等概念的词为限定词。
并阐述了限定词的句法作用和同名词的搭配关系以及限定词和限定词之间的搭配关系。
限定词不象别的修饰语同修饰语之间只存在意义上的联系，而是有语法上的固定的搭配关系。
例如： The new gas stove in the kitchen which I bought last month has a very efficient oven . 我上次买的那个厨房煤气炉有一个效率非常高的烘箱。
1/ 18上句中起主语作用的名词短语中，修饰中心词 stove 的除了限定词 the 外，还有形容词 new,作形容词的名词 gas，介词短语 in the kitchen 和定语从句 which I bought last month .但这些修饰语中的任何一个甚至全部都可一省略，而句子结构仍然完整。
2010英语二真题词汇总结(原创)
2010年英语二选词填空swine flu 猪流感detect 发现；查明；查出epidemic传染病designate命名;指定heightened alert 高度警觉a sharp rise in cases in Australia 澳大利亚病例数的急剧增加Chile 智利Britain 英国moderate 中等的severity 严重程度director general 总管；总干事；局长the overwhelming majority 绝大多数mild 轻微的full recovery 完全康复in the absence of 缺少；不借助；在没有…时come to global notice 引起全球关注late April 四月末As much 在…同时shut down 停止运作crop up 出现fade减少significant显著的virtually 实际上sample tested 被检样本stockpile国家库存take order接受订单vaccine疫苗vaccinate 接种疫苗dose(药的)一剂,一服initial 最初的recommend建议nasal spray 鼻腔喷雾剂infant婴儿prompt 促使;推动digit数字sum金额；款项favor 赞成；喜爱ward off 躲开；避开agony 极度痛苦impart通知；透露excessive过度的；过分的magnificent壮丽的；辉煌的category类别；种类pattern模式；图案relay接替；转播place order 订货；下订单prevalent 流行的；普遍存在的restricted受限制的principal 最重要的；最主要的present现存的;当前的;礼物;目前;把…交给;颁发;提出;展现，显示，表现阅读一bull 牛市fetch 卖得…价钱auctioneer拍卖师call out bids 喊出报价file for 申请lose momentum 失去势头for a while 相当长一段时间rise bewilderingly 急剧增长bewilderingly 令人困惑地peak 顶峰reckon估计generate产生enormous egos 膨胀的自我greed 贪婪的passion激情controversy 争议in a way matched by few other industries 用一种其它行业无法比拟的方法in the weeks and months that followed 数周和数月以后spending of any sort 任何种类的消费deeply 极其的unfashionable 不合时宜的stay away 远离saleroom 拍卖场contemporary 当代的two-thirds 三分之二in the most overheated sector 在最火热的地区in the year to 截止到auction house 拍卖行client 客户current 当前的downturn 下滑impressionist 印象派作品chief executive 总理slump下跌revenue 收入deliver to 把..推向witness目击a succession of victories 连胜dramatically 戏剧性地surpass 超过；胜于阅读二suburban 郊区的suburb 郊区I was addressing a small gathering 我正在一个小型聚会上做发言particularly 特别地anecdote 轶事couch 长沙发comment 评论frequently 经常地gesture 打手势episode 人生的一段经历；小说的一个片段crystallize 使…明确；结晶irony 讽刺wreak havoc 造成严重破坏that amounts to 等同于tangible 有形的inequality 不公平give up 放弃share 分内的foremost 最重要的in short 总而言之stereotypical 老一套的；刻板的阅读三perfect 完备的；完美的；准确的；优秀的；使完善；使完美automatic 无意识的consumer 消费者customer 顾客apply lotions 涂护肤液wipe counter 刷卡cue 暗示；提示snack 小吃；快餐killer威胁；棘手的事hygiene 卫生turn to 向某人求助subtle 微妙的corporation 公司moisturizer 润肤霜disinfecting wipe 消毒湿巾water purifiers 净水器fabric 织物multipe time 多次shrewd 精明的；敏锐的scrub 擦；洗；刷cavity 洞beverage 饮料far-off 遥远的；久远的sip 喝bottle 把水装入瓶内primarily 主要地be featured in 被定位在ritual 仪式；礼节；习惯viable 可行的ruthless大量的emerge 出现erupt 爆发tactic策略private industry 私营企业manufactured制造的campaign运动pearly 珍珠的put on makeup化妆阅读四jury陪审团concrete具体的crucial基本的values价值观meet minimal qualification 满足最小条件literacy 文化水平equally 同等的competent 足以胜任的;有能力的juror 陪审员randomly 随意地cross section典型的一群人community 社会on account of 由于sex 性别national origin 民族出身defendant被告人entitle 使..享有权利trial审判peer 身份相同的人verdict 判决conscience良知letter of the law法律条文take turn 轮流as recently as就在最近的procedure 程序supposedly被认为的superior intelligence高智商moral character 品德Supreme Court 最高法院intentional 故意的practice 做法so-called 所谓的elite 精英ribbon丝带eligible 有资格的exempt免除justified正当的congress国会act法令usher引导era时代landmark里程碑extend延伸declare声明order命令unconstitutional 违反宪法的长篇阅读Boeing and Airbus 波音和空巴trumpet鼓吹；宣传efficiency 性能clever 巧妙的lightweight 轻质的composite 复合材料naturalistic 仿生的jet-fuel 飞机燃油lie with 归因于formation 编队；队形expend 消耗air flowing 气流curl upward 弯曲向上wingtips 翼尖a phenomenon known as upwash 一种被称为上升流的现象drag 阻力propel 推动aeronautics 航空学formerly 从前range 范围apply 应用substantially 基本上depart 出发assemble 集合assume 假设invert倒转，颠倒，倒置occasionally 偶尔place 位置proceed 继续前进consume 消耗couple with 同时reduction 减少output 排出量nitrogen-oxide 氮氧化物emission 排放cruising portion 巡航段knot 难题work out 解决once consideration 其中一个考虑at least 起码是perception 感知separate 分离intimate 亲密的nautical miles 海里（单位）grouping 分组favoured 偏爱的Red Arrows 红箭peer out 向外窥视separation distance involved 涉及到的分离距离working group 工作组International Civil Aviation Organisation 国际民航组织blueprint 蓝图operational guideline 操作方针turbulence 涡流；骚乱wake 尾流；醒来decay 衰退；腐烂area 方面investigate 研究；调查co-ordinate 协调gain 收益cargo aircraft 货机in contrast 相反的reschedule 重新安排routine 日常military 军事的as it happen 巧合的是on the case 着手处理Country’s Defence Advanced Research Project Agency 国防高级研究规划机构have yet 还没有flew fly的过去式unsubstantiated 未经证实的RAF 皇家空军skipper 机长。
(1) English Phrase
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ gaingain on/upon1. 逼近Brown gained on the runner ahead. 布朗逼近了前面的跑者。
2. 超過Green put on a spurt and gained upon his pursuer.格林一鼓作氣把追趕的人拋在後面。
No gains without pains.1. 不勞則無獲。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- homeat home1. 在家He's left the key at home. 他把鑰匙放在家裡。
2. 精通的He's completely at home in French. 他精通法語。
3. 自在的Please sit down and make yourself at home. 請坐,別拘束。
come home to sb.1. 為某人了解At last it's come home to me how much I owe to my parents.我終於懂得父母給我的恩惠是多麼大。
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ stridemake great strides1. 取得很大的進步They have made great strides towards self-sufficiency.他們在自給自足方面已取得了很大的進步。
English Noun Phrase
名词短语Noun Phrase名词短语是指以名词或名词性词语（noun-equivalent）作中心词（head-word）构成的短语。
它可以是一个名词或相当于名词的词语如代词，也可以是包括中心词、限定词（determiner例如：在名词短语中，限定词是仅次于中心词的最重要的成分，不能省略。
如果名词前没有限定词，则可认为限定词是零位冠词（zero-article）。
没有前置修饰语和后置修饰语并不影响短语的完整性。
一限定词当代英语语法家如R.Quirk认为放在名词前面，对名词起限定作用，表示特指、泛指或数量等概念的词为限定词。
并阐述了限定词的句法作用和同名词的搭配关系以及限定词和限定词之间的搭配关系。
限定词不象别的修饰语同修饰语之间只存在意义上的联系，而是有语法上的固定的搭配关系。
例如：The new gas stove in the kitchen which I bought last month has a very efficient oven .我上次买的那个厨房煤气炉有一个效率非常高的烘箱。
上句中起主语作用的名词短语中，修饰中心词stove的除了限定词the外，还有形容词new,作形容词的名词gas，介词短语in the kitchen 和定语从句which I bought last month .但这些修饰语中的任何一个甚至全部都可一省略，而句子结构仍然完整。
例如：The stove has a very efficient oven .这个炉子有一个效率非常高的烘箱。
但如果省略了the，这个句子就不成立，因为它是不合语法的。
限定词通常包括：1．冠词：a, an, the2. 形容词性指示代词即指示词：that, this, these, those, (which, what)等3．形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their, its,(whose)等4．所有格名词：John’s, the brother’s 等5．基数词：one, two, three等6．序数词：second, third, first,(last, next, other)等7．表示数量的不定代词：much, neither, many, few, little, some, any, either, all, both, half, enough, no, more, a lot of, 等限定词和名词的搭配关系：限定词一般不能同专有名词搭配，而只能同普通名词搭配。
Phrases of Spoken English
Phrases of Spoken English1. That’s for the birds那毫无意义 a little bird told me有人私下告诉我2. all the same: Tony’s little brother is naughty, but I like him all the same. 仍然3. get around 劝服4. a melting pot 大融炉5. a mess: It is in a mess, messy 一团糟反义：in order6. and how: Jenny’s an excellent dancer. B: and how? 我同意（I agree）7. any time: Call me any time.8. pull out all the stops /pull your socks up 尽全力9. back sb up 支持10. be around: Somebody hasn’t been around these days. 在附近；他这几天都不在11. a sore feet/ throat 脚疼/嗓子疼12. at a loss: I am at a loss for words. 不知所措13. at the scene: Policeman found a revolver（左轮手枪）at the scene. 在现场14. current issue 当今热点15. beat about the bush. 旁敲侧击16. Before long: It wasn’t long before. My husband will b e back here before long. 不久17. behind schedule: The train seems to be behind schedule. 晚点18. bent on/upon: Are you bent on going abroad ? 一心一意要；决心…致力于19. beyond compare: Her performance yesterday is beyond compare．绝佳；极好；无与伦比20. be bound to do sth. 肯定；必然；注定21. break down: car坏了22. by and large: By and large, he is a kind man.大体上；基本上23. by no means: I am by no means pleased with him．绝不24. call it a day: Let’s call it a day 决定或同意；暂时或永久停止（进行某事物）25. call off: I had to call our appointment off the trip．取消26. call on: Weren’t you nervous when the professor call on you in class?拜访；叫27. carry away: Don’t be carried away by his praise.是激动而失去自制力28. come out of the accident alive大难不死29. come up: New designs are coming up do you have a math …?出来，长出，发芽30. hit big 成功hit it off合得来hit the spot恰合胃口hit the nail on the head直击要害31. crash into：I saw the car crash into the trunk撞上32. cut out: I am not cut out to be a scientist. 天生适合做某事33. doze off: The class is so boring that I can’t help dozing off.打瞌睡34. drop by/ in on somebody: Would you drop by the lab for a minute? 顺便走访35. extend from…to 延展，伸展，扩大36. faculty members 全体人员37. feel free to do something: Feel free to ask questions.无需拘束；心安理得38. figure out: I am trying to figure out how to work on the machine．想出39. find fault with somebody埋怨；挑剔；找毛病40. got a flat tyre车胎没气了41. for one’s own good/ benefit为了某人的利益42. get one’s promotion得到提拔43. get over: I am just getting over my cold忘却／病愈44. give somebody a lift搭车drop sb off顺便拉某人45. go on a diet节食46. go up: The cost is going up every where．上涨47. hand over: Hand over the check.交出；移交；让与48. have an appointment with somebody约会49. have done with: Have you done with the book?看完（finish）50. have one’s hands full: I already have my hands full with the book report. 活忙51. hold up: Jenny’s car was held up in traffic.耽搁52. Ill at ease: You won’t feel ill at ease any more. 不安的53. Just about: I don’t know what to get for your father, he has just about everything.几乎，正是54. cross one’s mind 有过这种想法55. Kill time消磨时间56. Be laid off：下岗57. Leave for: The train is going to leave for Shanghai．去往…58. Lose weight 减肥59. In person: Face to face 亲自60. Mark/ grade/ score the papers评卷61. Meet one’s needs满足…要求62. In good mood心情好63. In full view of: She lives in a house in full view of trees.在…完全看得见的地方64. In moderation: Alcohol in moderation is good for heart．适量65. I’d love to, but… 本想….但是….66. I don’t imagine/ guess/ suppose: I don’t imagine you have interest in the lecture. 我不认为67. If I were you, I’d …如果我是你，我会….68. If only: if only we had not spent so much money on our vacation this year.要是…就好了69. when pigs fly不可能70. In the mood to do something有心情做…71. It is advisable/sensible to do: It is advisable/sensible to discourage tourism at this time of the year. 明智的,可取的72. It is high time sb did something: it is high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving是做某事的时候了（记得动词用过去时噢）73. It is no bother to me．（It doesn’t matter to me.）没关系74. I’ve never seen a better one than that: (That’s the best one.) 反义: worse75. I would not have missed it for anything 我一定去76. It won’t make any difference to them. 对某人没有影响, 不起作用77. Mistake/take somebody for somebody else 错把…当作…78. Never fail to do : he never fails to write a weekly letter home.从不例外79. Nothing but: Only. We sell nothing but the best.正是（just）80. Now and then: From time to time. She comes to see us now and then. 不时；时常81. Now that: Now that you are sick, you’d better stay in bed.既然82. Optional courses选修课compulsory courses必修课correspondence course 函授课程83. Or so : It is about a month or so.大约84. Out of question: 没问题out of the question不行；免谈85. Room and board fee 膳宿费86. Run out of something.短缺87. Senior citizen老年人（尤指退休老人）88. Shake all over颤抖89. Sharp: it is nine o’clock sharp整90. Slip one’s mind: forget忘了91. Something like: somewhere/ around. 500$大约92. So what? I am tired of working here.那又怎么样呢？93. Take after somebody.相似；相像94. Take my word: believe me when I say相信我的话95. There’s nothing like: Nothing is more important than. 没有什么比…更…96. Want ad．招聘广告97. Would something do? Would a pen do?…就可以吗？98. You bet（of course, sure）当然99. Chase after rainbow 白日做梦100. Common sense常识101. Cry over spilled milk后悔已晚102. Cross the bridge when one comes to it．船到桥头自然直103. Be fed up with: 厌烦104. Have the final say: 做最后决定105. In season正是…的季节106. Lose face丢脸107. Lose heart 灰心；气馁108. Leave word with somebody给某人留句话109. Rack one’s brains绞尽脑汁；苦苦动脑筋110. Rain cats and dogs下大雨111. Think twice before you leap三思后行112. Under the weather（sick）病了113. Walls have ears隔墙有耳114. I’m in a mess/ at sea/ in the dark/at all sixes and sevens迷茫；迷惑115. Prefer…to/ far better than/ no one can parallel sb/in contrast to / can not match比不上116. I couldn’t agree with you more同意117. It is nothing like what I have imagined不是我想象的118. The young man is by no means polite (not at all polite)119. You can never be too careful while crossing the street 尽量小心120. Not once did I see him make a mistake他从不犯错121. Under no circumstances 绝不，在任何情况下都不122. That is just a lot of horse and donkey dust.那全是废话123. stop horsing around别胡闹了Just hold your houses忍一下吧124．I got it straight from a horse’s mouth.我是从当事人那里听说的。
2010年4月英译汉
2010年4月英译汉1.I’m thinking about a visit to Paris. 我在考虑去巴黎旅游。
2.Our library is as big as theirs. 我们的图书馆和他们的图书馆一样大。
3.You needn’t go there anymore. He already knows about it.你不必去了，他已经知道那件事了4.I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢茶胜于喜欢咖啡。
5.Go down this street until you reach the second traffic lights.沿着这条街走，一直走到第二个红绿灯。
6.Each time history repeats itself, the price goes up. 历史每重演一次，代价就增加（一分）。
7.I don’t think he can operate the new type of computer. 我想他不会操作这台新电脑。
8.He lives in a small room with only one small window. 他住在只有一个小窗户的房间里。
9.In no other country in the world can you find such plants asthis one. 像这种植物在世界上的其他任何一个国家中都找不到10.Everyone was in bed except me. 除了我，每个人都上床了。
11.My problem is that I don’t have much time to do the work.我的问题是我没有太多的时间做这个工作。
12.Would you please help me with this heavy box? 你能帮我抬一下这个很沉的箱子吗？13.Stay here before I get back.我回来之前你就呆在这里。
2010考研英语真题完整版
2010考研英语真题完整版Da comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday， workers __19__to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before __21__a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn down1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4．[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambi guous5．[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assem ents6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as 8．[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion 9．[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant 10．[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallelwith [D]pealliar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]sourc e14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]waslea dmg15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16．[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly 17．[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued 20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hitingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade，thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods．Amazon com received one forits“one-click”online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy．One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents， which have been controversial e，ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl， as the case is known，is“a very big deal”，says Dermis’D Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law．It “has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case， approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings， initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later， move established companies raced to add such patents to their files， if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005， IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly，some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products， even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by al l 12 of the court’s judges，rather than a typical panel of three， and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April， for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the a nti_patent trend at the supreme court” says Harole C wegner， a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face”(Line 1， Paro 3)most probably means[A] loss of good will[B]increase of hostility[C]change of attitude[D] change of auiuled29．We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod Pateats[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for pateat holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30．Which of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?[A]A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents[B]Protection for business-method patent holders[C]A legal case regarding business-methodpatents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Poinl Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are dliven in largepart by the acting of a tiny minority of specialindividuals，often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed，persuasive， or we connect The idea is intuit ively compelling but it doesn’t explain howideas actually spread.The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory untested thelry called the "tow-step flow of communication" Informationllows from the mediato the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else. Marke ters have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find andinfluence the in fluent ials， those select people will do most of the work for them Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people waswearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain specialpeople call drivetrendsIn their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed Infact they don’t seem to be required of allThe res earchers’ argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to thetwo-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances，who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant， for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public{D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34.the underlined phrase “these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who{A}stay outside the network of social influence{B}have little contact with the source of influence{C}are influenced and then influence others{D} are influenced by the initial influential34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?{A}The eageiness to be accepted{B}The impulse to influence others{C}The resdiness to be influenced{D}The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public .Behind eht scenes，they have been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters.Their rules，moan the banks，have forced them to report enormous losses，and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party would pay，not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately，banks’lobbying now seems t o be working.The details may be unknowable，but the independence of standard-setters，essential to the proper functioning of capital marksts，is being compromised.And，unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers，reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Xongress.America;s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changse.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their income statement.Bob Herz，the FASB’s chairman，cried out against ehose who ”question our motives.”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls”the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning，but the pressure to fold when it comletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy，a European commissioner，warned the IASB that is did”not live in a political vacuum”but”in the real word” and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet，with accouts htat wastly overvalued assets.today they argue htat market prices overstate loeees，because hteyLargerly reflect the temporary illiquldity of markets，not the likely entent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But bank’s shares trade below their book value，suggeting that investors are akeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses，yet are relucaant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the sysytem working again， losses must be recognized and dealt wi th.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that，cleaning up rules on stock options ang pensions，for example，against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A]follow anfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets37.According to the author，the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the dimingishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking syestem[C]the bank’s long-term asset lossers[D]the weakening og its indepentdence38. According to Paragarph 4，McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in ruli-setting[D]take gradual measures in reform39、The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they[A]mis interpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets40、The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45，choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)[A]The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile as the recession is looming large， people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill，lesving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have alteady triede-commerce，with limit success，and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big.profitable opportunity in their own backyard thewholesale food and drink trade，whoch appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drinkmarket?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is basrd on flexibleTrends dominated by potential buyers.In other words it is up to the buyer tather than the seller to decide what to buy.At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattem will take hold.[D] All in all，this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by.At least，that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets，especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures，as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but enerenched competitors.New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail，wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France，Germany，Italy，and Spain-are made out of same building blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which，unlike large retail chains，are two small to buy straight from producers，and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures，but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”:hotels，restaurants，and cafes.Overall，Europe’s retail wholesale market， but the figures，when added together，mask two opposing trends.[F] For example， wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France， Germany， Italy， Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover， average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to considerate.[G] However， none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from tryingtheir hand，for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→ 43 → 44 → E → 45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carfully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10Points)One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ，if its stability depends on its inteynity，they are entitled to continuanceWhen one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it.We incert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning pf century songbiras were supppsed to be disappearing.(46)Scinentists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect the insecets would est us up of brids failed to control them the ecideuce had to be conbmic in order to be walid.It is pamful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ehtic yet.(47)but we have at least drawn near the point pf admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinisic right reardless of the presence pf absence of economic adcantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologosts somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species pf tree have been read out of the party by economici -minded fpresters they grow too slowty or have a sale vate to pay as imeber crops (49)In europe，where forestry is ecologically more advanced ，the ncommercial tree species are recognized ad members of native forest community，to be preserved as such，within reason.To sum up;a system of conservation based solely on economincself-interest is hopelesstly lopsided(50)It tends to ignore，and thus eventually to eliminate，many elements in the land community that lackcommercial value，but that are essential to its healthyfunctioning.Without the uneconomic pats.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an intemational conference on globalization，you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end ofthe e"postgraduate association" instead.Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following deawing.In your essay，you should1)describe the drawing briefly，2)ecplain its intended meaning，and then3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2.(20 points)答案及解析1．A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”；B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”；C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”；D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
English phrase
English phrasewith abandon 放任地；纵情地；be abundant in 在···丰富；accelerated promotion 破格提升；fixed deposit 定期存款；accuse sb.of =charge sb.with sth. 指控某人有···罪或错；adapt sth.for sth. 改编使适应；be acquainted with sb/sth. 与某人相识，对某物熟悉；make the acquaintance of sb.= make sb.'s acquaintance 结识某人；coordinate sth.with sth. 使协调；adhere to 坚持；address oneself to 专心于···，把注意力集中于···；to advantage 有力地，有效地；to the best advantage 最有益，最有效；eg.make use of one's time···raise/give the alarm 发警报；on the alert 警戒着，随时准备着；alert sb.to 警告某人；plead the rights of the unemployed 为失业工人的权益据理力争；make allowance(s) for 考虑到，顾及；体谅；provoke sb to do/into doing ···刺激某人做某事；authority over 对···有权威，对···有影响力；authority for 有权限做···，有职权做···；authority on 在···是专家；in the balance （生命等）在危机状态中，（命运等）未定；off balance 不平衡；drive a hard bargain 杀价，迫使对方接受苛刻条件；has a crush on 暗恋；be reluctant to 不情愿做···；be convenient for 对···方便；be committed to doing 不得不干；be obliged to do sth. 不得不做；be engaged in sth./doing sth. 忙于，从事；come about 发生，产生；come across 偶然遇见，碰上；come along 出现，发生；进步；come apart 破碎，崩溃；come around/round 苏醒，复原；顺便来访；come at 攻击，冲向；达到，了解；come between 分开，离间；妨碍（某人做某事）；come by 得到；访问，看望；come down （物价等）下跌；落魄，潦倒；come down to 可归结为；come in for 受到，遭到；come off 脱落，分开；结果，表现；come on （表示鼓励、催促等）快走吧；进步，进展；发生，开始；come out 出现，显露；出版，发表；结果是；come over 从远处来，顺便拜访；come throught 经历···仍活着，安然度过；come to 苏醒；总数为，结果是；涉及；come true 实现，达到；come up 出现，发生；走上前来；come up against 突然（或意外）碰到（困难、反对等）；come up to 比得上，达到（标准等）；come up with 提出，提供，想出；granted that +（从句）就算，假定；given that···考虑到···；in that···因为····；hang about/around 闲荡，闲呆着；hang back 犹豫，踌躇，畏缩；hang on (电话)别挂，等待片刻；坚持，紧抓；有赖于，取决于；hang on to 保留（某物）；紧紧抓住；hang together 团结；一致，相符；hang up （电话）挂断；悬挂，挂起；in haste 急忙，匆忙；haul away 拖走；heal sb.of+创伤（wound枪伤，burn灼伤，cut刀伤，bruise擦伤），表治愈创伤；cure sb.of+疾病，强调治愈病人的疾病；treat sb.of+疾病，只接受并治疗病人，不一定治愈，强调动作本身；remedy及物动词，强调用药物治疗病人；be innocent of 无····的，无···罪的；be ignorant of/about 不知道····；inquire after 问起（某人情况），问候；inquire into 探究，调查；inquire about 询问···之事；inquire of sb. 向某人询问；inquire for 求见（某人），要求得到；on one’s own initiative 主动地，率先地；knock back 使……大吃一惊;That's a deal 一言为定;on and on 继续不停地; eg.The road seemed to go on and on.这条路好像没有尽头。
2010年英语二作文
2010年英语二作文In 2010, the English essay prompt was an intriguing challenge. It required a conversational, yet diverse, style of writing, with each paragraph standing alone and reflecting a unique linguistic flavor. Let's dive into this task without further ado.Firstly, let's talk about the importance of practice. You know, like when you're learning a new skill, like cooking or playing an instrument. It's all about repetition and refinement. The more you do it, the better you get. Same goes for English writing. You can't just expect to be a pro overnight. You have to put in the hours, make mistakes, and learn from them.Then there's the issue of variety. You don't want your writing to sound like a broken record, do you? That's why it's important to mix up your sentence structures and vocabulary. Use long sentences sometimes, short ones other times. Throw in some fancy words when they fit, but don'toverdo it. Keep it natural and conversational.And don't forget about the fun part! Writing can be enjoyable if you let it be. Think of it as a way to express your thoughts and feelings, to share your ideas with the world。
English phrase
(Paris, though he was raised quite far from Helen, endured some of the same experiences as she did. He was the child of the King of Troy, Priam, and his wife Hecuba. Hecuba had a dream while Paris was only a baby that he would cause the destruction of Troy, which caused her to desert him on a mountain in the hopes that he would die. However, he was found and raised by a shepherd. Paris was reunited with his parents soon after the beauty contest between the goddesses, and became one of the most important members of Trojan society. Paris was married once before he met Helen. He was deeply in love with a nymph named Oenone, but left her when he was given Helen by Aphrodite.)Apple of DiscordThe Trojan War has its roots in the marriage between Peleus and Thetis, a sea-goddess. Peleus and Thetis had not invited Eris, the goddess of discord, to their marriage and the outraged goddess stormed into the wedding banquet and threw a golden apple onto the table. The apple belonged to, Eris said, whomever was the fairest.Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite each reached for the apple. Zeus proclaimed that Paris, prince of Troy and thought to be the most beautiful man alive, would act as the judge.Hermes went to Paris, and Paris agreed to act as the judge. Hera promised him power, Athena promised him wealth, and Aphrodite promised the most beautiful woman in the world.Paris chose Aphrodite, and she promised him that Helen, wife of Menelaus, would be his wife. Paris then prepared to set off for Sparta to capture Helen. Twin prophets Cassandra and Helenus tried to persuade him against such action, as did his mother, Hecuba. But Paris would not listen and he set off for Sparta.In Sparta, Menelaus, husband of Helen, treated Paris as a royal guest. However, when Menelaus left Sparta to go to a funeral, Paris abducted Helen (who perhaps went willingly) and also carried off much of Menelaus' wealth.In Troy, Helen and Paris were married. This occured around 1200 B.C.1、apple of discord:意思是“不和的根源、发生纠纷的事端”。
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1.Sichuan province in the PRC abounds in scenic and natural wonders. 充满了2.My camera can be adjusted to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. 可调的3.All in all, he had been a very nice person 大体说来4.If wars are to end, nations must learn amicable means of setting their disputes. 友好的；解决纷争5.Disaster befell them when they were caught in Germany at the beginning of W.W.II. 降临6.He was such a good student that he breezed through each exam within half an hour. 轻轻松松的干完某事7.To bring down the overall expenditure, every dollar should be spent carefully. 降低8.Finally, the long years of poverty and hard work caught up with him. 击垮，追上，迷住9.What you have done is contrary to the doctor’s orders. 违反，与相反10.It’s never justifiable to deprive people of their right to know the truth. 剥夺，丧失11.Mary can’t hope to get over the cold in a few days. 恢复，熬过12.His way of interpretation throws new light on the novel. 对。
进行新的诠释13.It will take your mind off your worries. 转移注意力（这将使你从忧虑中缓解出来）14.The singer came into (risk to) prominence through appearing on television. 成名，显著15.I wish he would refrain from scattering his ash all over the carpet. 克制，抑制，忍住16.The judge asked the lawyers to give evidence relevant to the case. 与。
有关的17.If you give John an hour to size up the situation, he will tell you what to do next. 审时度势18.You must try your best to adapt to the new environment. 适应19.I ask the tailor to make a small alteration to my trousers because they were too long. 做改变20.I don’t know if it is a red house or a brown house. At all events, it’s a big house. 无论如何21.When he missed the last bus, he was at a loss what to do. 茫然不知22.The mayor was at his wits’ end for some way of ridding the town of rats. 绞尽脑汁23.The audience was carried away by the singer’s performances. 激动，入迷，沉醉24.I came across the old photograph at the bottom of a drawer. 偶遇，无意中发现25.The current political climate of China is favorable for foreign investment. 有利的26.Please don’t hesitate to contact us if additional information is required. 犹豫27.She dedicated all her life to the welfare of women and children. 奉献28.In order to do away with nuclear threat, it’s necessary to completely prohibit and thoroughlydestroy nuclear weapons. 消除，去掉，废除29.For the sake of your health, you’d give up smoking for good. 为了。
的利益。
永久的30.Always do what you promise. Never go back on your word. 违背，背弃31.We are under the impression that he is a good man. 以为，认为be under the impressionthat32.Nothing can make up for the loss of one’s health. 补偿，弥补33.She speaks French fluently and yet she prefers to give her talk in English. 可是，然而34.Mr. Smith is anything but dishonest. Be anything but: 根本不是35.We are still uncertain as to whether she is the right person for the job. 至于,关于,就。
而论36.Being an experienced investor, Jack knew better than to put all his money in a risky venture.明白事理而不至于。
37.He’s at the bottom of the class, but it doesn’t follow that he has no brains. 并不因此而说明38.If only I had read the books on the reading list before I attended the lecture. 要是。
多好39.The meeting was put off because we objected to having a meeting without him. 取消; 反对40.The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest (for fear that) it should go wrong onthe way. 以免41.There is no sense in hoping for more help. 在上没有什么意义或道理42.Upon (on) his arrival at the little town, he was invited to a party in his honor. 为他43.Air is to us what water is to fish.44.The top students were generally given a great deal of consideration for theiraccomplishment.45.The author is well acquainted with the problem. 熟悉，了解，与相识46.Some philosophers insist that one way to acquire knowledge is through an empiricalapproach. 坚持。
47.He thinks nothing but golf. He’s completely addicted to it. 沉迷于48.If a man is legally separated from his wife, is he still answerable for her debts? 对…事情负责49.They will catch at any opportunity to practice English. 试图抓住，渴望获得50.Everyone approved of the scheme but when we asked for volunteers they all hung back. 赞成；犹豫，退缩51.No matter how hard he tired, he couldn’t get the better of his opponents. 打败，战胜52.He’s looking for a job that will give him greater scope for initiative.53.Bill couldn’t come up with an answer then the teacher asked him why he was late. 提出,想出，赶上54.I objected to being treated like this. 反对55.The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates and a fall indeath rates as a result of improvements in medical care. 这么，非常，达到这种程度56.As is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development ofproduction. 正如普遍被接受的57.He believes in public ownership, which idea I’m quite opposed to. 反对的58.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not theleast. 其中59.All that glitters is not gold. 灿烂，闪烁，辉耀60.But in the present organization of the Olympics there’s far too much that encouragesoppressive patriotism. 太多61.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his argument in favor ofthe new theory. 在。