翻译基础conversion-精
翻译第6讲 Conversion
翻译第6讲ConversionTranslation is a process concerning two languages. Since there are differences in the structures, grammar, and expressions between the two languages, sometimes conversion is necessary. This part is mainly about the conversion of word classes,(词类转换) conversion of sentence members （转换句子成分）, and conversion of perspectives.(转换视角)Conversion of English Nouns 英语名词的转译Nouns or nominal（名词性的）forms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in English while verbs or multi-verbal forms are much preferred in Chinese. This is one of the important differences between the two languages. In translation, therefore, the conversion of English nouns into Chinese verbs, and subsequently English adjectives into Chinese adverbs, becomes one of the techniques frequently employed for smooth representation in idiomatic Chinese.English nouns can be converted into Chinese verbs in the following cases.1. 由动词派生的名词2. 具有动作意义的名词3. 以-er结尾表示身份或职业的名词English Nouns→Chinese verbsHe admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
英译汉教程第四章conversion
English Simple or Complex Sentences Chinese Compound or Run-on Sentences
Estelmo Lews
Chinese Adverbial or Prepositional Phrase
1.He beat her black and blue.
这儿沙滩闪烁，松林掩映，远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。 这儿沙滩闪烁，松林掩映，远山连绵，自有一种心旷神怡的气氛。 （把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句） 把英语的简单句或复合句拆成汉语的并列分句或流水句）
5.The abuse of basic human rights in their own countru in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki has earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.
Chinese Adjectives
English Verbs
Chinese Nouns
4.2 Conversion of Sentence Members
Objects Prepositional Objects Predicatives Subjects Subjects Attributes Adverbials Objects Subjects Subjects Subjects Attributes Objects Predicates Complements Predicates
她的心思。 我能看出 她的心思。（ different mental activities)
conversion转译法实用PPT课件
第13页/共23页
四、形容词的转换
1. 形容词→动词 在英语中, 有许多形容词并不是用来修饰主语, 而是与系动词组成谓语部分, 表示
各种意愿, 态度以及知觉,情感和欲望等心理状态, 而且可以直接或通过介词连接宾 语(从句). 在翻译时, 通常应把此类形容词转换成汉语动词 confident, certain, careful, cautious, angr y, sure, ignorant, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry …
第7页/共23页
e.g. 1) Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
党的干部们吃着粗茶淡饭，住着冰冷的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作 2) The government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世
in distress, the economy will be the president’s sternest trial. 20. Beggars can’t be choosers.
第22页/共23页
感谢您的欣赏！
第23页/共23页
e.g. 1) The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略
翻译技巧Conversion
2.副词转译成名词
It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union. 官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信取得了一致意见。 The child is developing in very way ,morally, intellectually and physicall现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
Conversion in English-Chinese Translation
Group 5
一.转译成动词 （一）名词转译成动词： 1.一些习语中的主体名词可以转译成动词： We mustn’t lose sight of the fact that air pollution is going from bad to worse in our city. 我们不能忽略这一事实，空气污染在我们城市中日益严重。 As the man leaned over，the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face. 那个人弯下腰来，司机才第一次看清那张小小的猫儿脸。 2.动词派生的名词（政论文体中出现较多）： The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略。 Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference. 把这本词典放在你书桌上，以备随时查阅。 3.含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词： In fact，the abuse of drugs has become one of American most serious social problems. 事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社会问题之一。 The film took my thoughts back to the days in junior high school. 影片使我回想起在高中的日子。 4.由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词（不是指其身份和职业，含有较强的动作意味）： His father is a non-smoker，but he is a chain-smoker. 他父亲根本不抽烟，他抽起烟来却一根接一根。 He is a lover of Chinese painting. 他热爱中国画。
英汉翻译之三Conversion-PPT文档资料
12.
The virtue of a man ought to be measured not by his extraordinary exertions, but by his everyday conduct.
1.
The The The The
problem has been solved. meeting was postponed. difficulties can be overcome. questions should be discussed.
Pattern 1
O 问题 会议 困难 问题 （被） （S） M V 解决了。 延期了。 可以 克服。 应该 讨论。
必须 加以 将在以后 予以 必须马上 予以
The temperature should be raised quickly from room temperature to 125°C. These questions should not be deliberately mixed up. Oil can be separated from water by this method.
A map was hung on the wall. Sofas were placed in the sitting-room. Trees were planted along both sides of the street. A paper butterfly was pasted on the windowpane. Pattern 2 O 地图 沙发 树 纸蝴蝶 （被） （S） V 挂 摆 栽 贴 M 在墙上。 在客厅里。 在街道两旁。 在窗户上。
翻译转换法(亦称“转译”)
翻译转换法（亦称“转译”）转换法（conversion）所谓转换法（也称转译），是指翻译过程中由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类或词在句子中的作用，以使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
转换法是翻译中最为常用的一种变通手段，是突破原文词法、语法与句法格局，化阻滞为忠实、通顺的重要技巧。
它不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化，当然主要是词类的变化。
By conversion we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language. We cannot translate English mechanically word for word into Chinese. A good translator should try by all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language, quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version. In practical translation work, words identical in meaning but different in part speech and the word order may also be changed.（一）词性转换一般说来，在翻译过程中词类转换是没有限制的，也就是说可以把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成名词、动词、副词和短语。
翻译常用八种技巧
3. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good. 4. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就 得首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.
1) 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的, 非下苦 功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 2) 一定要少说空话,多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
翻译常用的八种技巧
常用的翻译技巧
1. 重复法 (repetition) 2. 增译法 (amplification) 3. 减译法 (omission) 4. 词类转移法 (conversion) 5. 词序调整法 (inversion) 6. 分译法 (division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法 (negation) 8. 语态 变换法 (the change of the voices)
4. 寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖 还寒时侯,最难将息。 (译文1）
Seek, seek; search, search; Cold, cold; bare, bare; Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief. Now warm, then like the autumn cold again, How hard to calm the heart!
conversion的翻译技巧---精品资料
Nouns + a(n) used as predicatives
• He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer. • 他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。 • Independence thinking is an absolute necessity in study. • 独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。
动必须加以密切的观察。
Adj. ---nouns
• The + adj.: the sick病号, the poor穷人 the old, the infirm, the ill, the very young老、 弱、病、幼者。 • Others • examples
examples
• The Wilde family were religious. • 王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。 • They are considered insincere. • 他们被认为是伪君子。
examples
• The buildings around are mostly of modern construction. • 附近的建筑物大部分是现代化的。
Other words
• Adj. & adv. • Nouns & adv.
Adj. & adv.
• When the noun is converted into verb, the adjective modifying the noun can be translated into adverb in Chinese. • Eg. • Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero. • 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们 不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。
09英汉翻译-3翻译技巧-转换词类精简版
英语中加后缀-er, -or 的名词，在句中并不表身份和职业，而 是含有较强的动作意义，往往可译为动词。
But as he (Abraham Lincoln) grew older he studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and student of political philosophy.
保护某些稀有动物的生存问题，进来已引起了世 界范围的广泛注意。
They taught us the value of a dollar， took us to church, made us mind.
他们教导我们要珍惜每一块美元,带我们上教堂做 礼拜,还教导我们要听话。
The pace felt comfortable, so I decided to stay where I was; why bother concentrating on pace when she was such a nice pacesetter for me?
With unemployment high, the dollar low and the stork market in distress, the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.
昨日，由四川外语学院和联合某网站举办的 “2011Chinglish（中式英语）大发现”活动颁奖典礼 在川外举行，参加活动的上百名大学生共找出200多 处“洋茬”，这些“洋茬”主要集中在公共场所、景 区和服务机构三大区域。
连淑能《英译汉教程》Conversion(转换法)【圣才出品】
第4章Conversion（转换法）4.1 复习笔记一、Conversion of Word Classes（转换词类）In translation, a word in one language belonging to a certain word class is not necessarily translated into one of the same class in another language.在翻译过程中，一种语言的某一词类不一定要相应地译为另一语言中相应的词类，有时候进行适当转化是十分必要的。
1. Conversion from English Nouns and Adjectives into Chinese Verbs and Adverbs（英语名词、形容词转换为汉语动词、副词）Nouns or nominal dorms, especially action nouns and other abstract nouns, find their wider use in English while verbs or multi-verbal forms are much preferred in Chinese. In translation, therefore, the conversion of English nouns into Chinese verbs, and subsequently English adjectives into Chinese adverbs, becomes one of the techniques frequently employed for smooth representation in idiomatic Chinese.英语中多用名词或名词短语，尤其是动作名词和其他抽象名词，而汉语中多用动词，甚至多个动词连用的情况。
英汉互译Unit 3 Conversion
Both of the substances are soluble in water.
两种物质都溶于水。 两种物质都溶于水。
12
1.4 Adverbs into verbs -- as part of predicate
Wisely, Wisely, you made no attempt to have these problems discussed by the General Assembly, believing that they should be dealt with elsewhere. 你非常明智，没有试图让大会讨论这些 非常明智， 问题，而认为应在其它场合解决。 问题，而认为应在其它场合解决。
11
1.3 Adjectives into verbs
英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形 英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形 知觉 容词， 系动词后用作表语时 容词，在系动词后用作表语时，往往可转译成 动词。 动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等 例如： anxious等。例如：
4
Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 在楼上的人家得提着水桶去 得提着水桶 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的 水龙头打 水龙头打水。 He is going to the market for an ox, which would help him with the work in the fields so that he could earn enough money for a wife. 打算赶集 头牛帮 够钱娶 他打算赶集买头牛帮他种地挣够钱娶 媳妇。 媳妇。
词类转移法—conversion
Why conversion is necessary in translating work?
词类转译法是翻译中使用非常普遍的一种技 巧。由于英汉两种语言表达方式和习惯的丌 同 ，丌能在所有的情况下都用“一个萝卜一 个坑”的方法来逐词对译。在翻译过程中要想 做到既忠实原文意思，又符合汉语的表达习惯， 有些句子就丌能逐字翻译，而需要改变某些词 的原来的词性，才能使译文通顺流畅。
译法1：他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他怀疑 的巨大性。 译法2：他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他很大 的怀疑。
2.As he is a perfected stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
译法1：他是这个城市完全的陌生人，所以我希望你给他 必要的帮助 译法2：他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你给他必要 的帮助
What is
conversion?
The act or process of changing something from one form , purpose or system to a different one.
.
爆笑的填坑式翻译
1、how are you ? How old are you? 怎么是你，怎么老是你。 2、you me you me 彼此彼此
3、you give me stop 你给我站住
4、dragon born dragon, chicken born chicken,mouse’s son can make hole! 龙生龙，凤生凤，老鼠的儿子会打洞。
4.The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive force between is negligible. 这两个物体相聚如此之远，他们之间的引力 可以忽略不计。 5.The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions. 不管天气情况如何，气象站的工作始终正常 进行，不曾间断。 6.This credit card is especially popular with the travellers who needn't carry a large amount of cash. 旅游者特别喜欢这种信用卡，因为他们不用 携带大量现金
翻译的基本技巧--转变词性
翻译的基本技巧——转性Conversion（转换词性）In translation a word of a certain type in the SL text is not necessarily to be turned into a word of the same type in the TL text. A part of speech of a word often has to be converted into another different part of speech of the word so as to conform to the idiomatic usage of the TL due to differences in syntactic structures and idiomatic expressions of the two languages.（一）转译成动词1、名词转译成动词Nouns derived from verbs.1) An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs.熟悉一些世界史有助于学习时事。
2) His very appearance of any affair proclaims it a triumph.在任何场合，只要他一露面, 就算是成功了。
Nouns implying an action.1) On the walk through the city they saw breadlines.在走过市区的时候，他们看见领救济食物的人们排着长队。
2) At the thought of the mishap his legs stiffened under him and could not more step further.一想到这场灾难，两腿就像千斤重，再也挪不动一步了。
conversion转译法PPT课件
这项设计的目标是自动操作、调节简单、 维护简易、生产率高
2021
14
四、形容词的转换
1. 形容词→动词
在英语中, 有许多形容词并不是用来修饰 主语, 而是与系动词组成谓语部分, 表示各种 意愿, 态度以及知觉,情感和欲望等心理状态, 而且可以直接或通过介词连接宾语(从句). 在 翻译时, 通常应把此类形容词转换成汉语动词
该报社论说，中国成功地经受住了一场波及 全球的金融危机
2021
19
3. 副词→形容词 The president had prepared meticulously for his journey 总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备
2021
20
Assignments
1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
2021
12
1. He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. 他昨天请我在饭馆里吃了一顿像样的午餐
2. The audience laughed the speaker down. 听众用讪笑声把演讲者轰下台
3. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of their relations. 他们签署了两个协定202，1 目的是使他们的关 13 系热乎起来
12. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.
13. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf
中高级口译翻译技巧：转译Conversion
中高级口译翻译技巧：转译ConversionConversion英语属印欧语系，汉语属藏族语系。
英汉两种语言在词汇和语法结构方面有许多不同，在大多数情况下英译汉时很难将两种语言的词汇和结构一一对应。
为了使译文符合汉语习惯，翻译时不必拘泥于原文表层结构，可以在忠实原文意义的前提下将原文中某些词的词类成分转换为汉语的其他词类或成分。
(1)N. - V.1)由动词派生的名词2)具有动作意味的名词3)以-er结尾的名词1. The employers called for the establishment of more vocational schools.雇主呼吁建立更多的职校。
vocation: （自己非常热爱的）职业【与Job的区别】Teaching isn’t just a job, it’s a vocation. 教书并不单单是一份工作，它是一种职业。
has a vocation for 有从事某种行业的天赋He has a vocation for teaching. 他有教书的天赋。
vocational schools 职校?technical schools 技校2.The sight and sound of our jet planes make me feel excited.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的轰鸣声，让我兴奋不已。
glance/at the mention of /3.He is a good speaker. His eloquence makes a name for him.他能言善变，他的口才造就了他的名声。
teacher/flyer/trouble-maker/eloquence: 口才 adj. eloquent 雄辩的make a name for 早就名声 make a name for yourself/make your nameExercises I：1. Don’t give me the runaround. Just tell me if you would marry me or notrunaround n. 搪塞，回避give sb the runaround （当别人要你做某事时）搪塞，顾左右而言他不要搪塞我，告诉我你到底愿不愿意嫁给我。
翻译技巧（转换）
翻译技巧（转换）第六讲——英汉互译讲义三翻译技巧第二节转换Conversion一、名词的转换1．He admires the President’s stated decision to fight for the job.他对总统声明为保住职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
评析：此句谓语动词为admires,其他用的是过去分词(stated)、动词性名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)。
汉语没有词性变化，但可以几个动词连用。
在本句中，“decision”转化成动词“决心”。
2．My admiration for him grew more.我对他越来越钦佩。
评析：“admiration”巧妙地和后面动词“grew more”结合在一起，转化成动词。
3．Indo-China is a drain on French resources.印度支那战争不断地消耗法国的资源。
评析：“drain”也只能译成“消耗”，否则无法成句。
4．The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.直译：国际粮食的缺乏对科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家产生了一种直接的影响。
改译一：由于世界普遍粮食缺乏，这就直接影响到科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家。
改译二：全球性食品短缺现象直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。
评析：直译按照原词性翻译显得僵硬，改译一变换了许多词的词性，把原来的主语部分变成了原因状语成分，使整个句子灵活。
改译二则只将“a direct impact on”动词化，显得更简洁。
5．It’s mighty to make him work Saturdays, when all the boys is having holiday, but he hates work more than anything else, and I’ve got to do some of duty by him, or I’ll be ruination of the child.要说星期六别的孩子都在过假日你让他干活儿很难倒还罢了，可他压根儿就恨透了干活儿，比什么都恨，我真的是看不过去，非尽些责任不可，要不我非把这孩子毁了不可。